基础必备 必修第一册 Unit 4 Friends forever（配套教参）-【创新教程】2027年高考英语总复习大一轮讲义（外研版）

Unit 4 主题语境人与社会 良好的人际关系与社会交往 必备 Friends forever 词块背诵 佳句赏析 1.Taking friendship from life is like taking sunshine from 1.social media 社交媒体 life. 2.the digital age 数码时代 从人生中拿走友谊，犹如从生活中移走阳光。 3.smile bitterly 苦笑 2.Friends are like an umbrella.Whether it's sunny or rainy, 4.drive the plot forward 推动情节发展 they will always be there for you. 5.feel down 闷闷不乐，不高兴 朋友就像一把雨伞，无论晴天或雨天，都会永远陪伴你 6.be up to 忙于；从事 身旁。 7.be set in 以…为背景3.With friends.,the pain shared is half the pain,and the hap- 8.share all sadness and all happiness piness shared is double the happiness. 分享所有的悲伤和快乐 与朋友在一起，分担的痛苦是减半的痛苦，分享的快乐是加 倍的快乐。 复盘>必备知识 学生用书P25 教材盘点自主夯实 [Part1巧记·课标单词] 1.familiar adj. 熟悉的 9.prove v. 证明，证实 2.adventure n. 历险，奇遇 10.quality n. 素质，品德 作 3.maintain v. 保持，维持 11.distance v. 使与…保持距离 4.enable v. 使可能，使发生 12.postpone v. 使延期，推迟 易于做某事 普通的 5.tend v. 13.ordinary adj. 6.update n. 最新消息 14.scene n. 场景 识 7.acquire v. 获得 15.ashamed adj. 感到不好意思的 8.goods n. 商品 16.deliver v. 递送 l.adventure n.奇遇；冒险→adventurous adj..冒险的 展单词 2.advance n.前进；提前→advanced adj..高级的 3.inspire vt.鼓舞；激发；启示→inspired adj.品质优秀的；能力卓越的→inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的 inspiration n.鼓舞人心的人（或事物）；灵感 其 4.teenager n.十几岁的青少年→teenage adj..青少年的 阅 1.significantly adv. 重大地，显著地 6.diagram n. 图解，示意图 2.click v. 点击（鼠标） 7.partner n. 伙伴，搭档 词 3.digital adj. 数字的，数码的 8.personality n. 个性，性格 明 4.site n. 站点 9.appointed adj. 约定的，指定的 5.illustrate v. (举例)说明，阐明 10.wi-fi n. 无线网络 ·29· 高考总复习英语（外研版） [Part2闪记·核心短语] 1.lose track of 不了解…的情况 7.throw the baby out with the bath water 不分良莠，一起抛弃 2.thanks to 归功于，多亏 8.up to 胜任 3.make one's fortune发财 9.stay in touch with 与…保持联系 4.turn up 出现 10.long for 渴望 5.keep in mind 记住，牢记 11.compared with 与…相比 6.ought to 应该 12.come up with 想出 [Part3速记·经典句式] 典型句式 教材原句 What if(要是…将会怎么样)the only way of getting news from 1.What if..？要是…将会怎么样？ faraway friends was writing letters that took ages to be delivered? The next morning I was to start for the West(去西部)to make 2.be to do结构 my fortune. As(E)Aristotle said,no one would choose to live without 3.as引导的非限制性定语从句 friends,even if he had all other goods. [Part4积累·联想拓展 “获得；得到”家庭 mind相关短语大全 ①acquire vt. 获得；取得 ①make up one's mind 下定决心 ②achieve ut. 取得；获得 ②change one's mind 改变主意 ③obtain vt.. 获得；得到 ③put one's mind to 全神贯注于；专心致志于 ④gain vt.&.vi. 获得；赢得 4cross/come to one's mind 某人想到 ⑤win vt. 获得；赢得 ⑤read one's mind 看出某人的心思 聚焦层级突破 学生用书P26 聚焦核心要点落实 [板判] 词汇点拔台 名师点津 ①prefer不用于进行时；②prefer相当于like bet- [核心词汇一逐，点清] ter,所以prefer不可与比较级连用。 L,prefer vt.更喜欢；选择某事物（而不选择其他事物） [基础练通]单句语法填空 [教材对接] (2)(2022·全国甲卷)Mexicans consider it inap (1)How do you prefer to make friends? propriate to eat with utensils(餐具)，instead pre- 你喜欢怎样交朋友？ ferring(prefer)to use their hands. ①prefer to do sth. 更喜欢做某事 (3)(2025·全国-卷)I'm writing to express that prefer sth.to sth. 喜欢某物而不喜欢某物 my preference(prefer)goes to "Guess who I am", prefer doing sth.to doing sth. which capitalizes on an object clue to signal its po- 宁愿做某事而不愿做某事 tential contents. prefer to do sth.rather than do sth.)宁愿做某 (4)(2024·新课标I卷)Of course,these days 2would do sth.rather than do sth. 事而不愿 there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesau- would rather do sth.than do sth. J做某事 ruses,but I'm old-fashioned enough to prefer ③preference n. 比较喜欢 (prefer)a hard cover and pages I can leaf through have a preference for对…有偏爱 with my fingers. 30· 基础必备必修第一册 [能力提升]一句多译 [基础练通]单句语法填空 毕竟，所有的孩子都喜欢表扬而不是批评。 (2)(2025·全国二卷)Ms Donohue used to be (5)After all,all kids prefer to be praised rather laughed at for being too old to work out,but she than be scolded.prefer to do sth.rather than has proved the doubters wrong in the best possible do sth. way and has indeed become an inspiration(inspire) (6)After all,all kids would be praised rather than for many social media users. be scolded.(would do sth.rather than do sth. (3)Her trust in me has inspired me to try(try) 2.tend.易于做某事，往往会发生某事 things that I never imagined possible. [教材对接] (4)(2o24·新课标I卷)Inspired(inspire)by the (1)On social media sites,people tend to post only fantastic scenery,I decided to create a watercolor positive updates that make them appear happy and painting of the small bridge over the park's pond, surrounded by blooming flowers friendly. [能力提升]完成句子 在社交媒体网站上，人们往往只会将正面的最新信 息展现出来，让他们看起来很快乐、很友好。 (5)She was deeply inspired by the speech made by the professor. ①tend to do 往往会做 她深受由这位教授所作演讲的鼓舞」 tend to sb. 照料某人 (6)Nature inspired him to write such beautiful poems. ②tendency n.倾向，趋向；照管；照料 大自然赋予他灵感，使他写出如此优美的诗。 have a tendency to do sth.有做某事的倾向 4.strike v.(struck,struck/stricken)划（火柴），（雷 [基础练通]单句语法填空 电、暴风雨等)袭击；击打；撞击；突然想到（想 (2)(2o24·新课标I卷)We were particularly in 法)；打动；（钟）敲n.罢工 terested in exploring the aspects of sampling that [教材对接] tend to bias(bias)(使有偏差)data,like the grea- (1)When you struck the match to light your cigar,I ter likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture saw it was the face of the man wanted in Chicago. of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next 当你划火柴点燃雪茄时，我看到那是芝加哥通缉犯 to it. 的脸。 (3)(2025·全国二卷)Tending(tend)to plants is ①Sth.strikes sb..某人突然想到… an exercise in patience and learning. It strikes sb..that/todo..某人想到… (4)Occupied with routine office tasks,she had no be struck by..被…打动；迷恋… time to tend to her children. strike sb.in/on十the十身体部位打某人某部位 [能力提升]句型转换 ②beon/go on strike在/举行罢工 (5)He tends to get angry when people object to [基础练通]写出下列句中strike的词性及名义 his plan. (2)Just before September,Miller was struck by a ->He has a tendency to get angry when people ob- car and lost his right arm. .撞击 ject to his plan. (3)Finally,you never know what wonderful idea 3.inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的，启发灵感的 might strike while your mind has moved slowly [教材对接] away. v.突然想到 (1)Lucy is a smart girl.Her ideas are always in- (4)I heard the clock striking eight when I woke up this morning. v.(钟)敲 spiring. (5)The workers will go on strike if the demands 露西是位聪明的女孩，她的观点总是鼓舞人心的。 they put forward are turned down. n.罢工 ①an inspiration to 对…是一种鼓励 [能力提升了句型转换 draw inspiration from 从…中获得灵感 (6)I was struck by his inspiring words and decid- ②inspire v. 鼓舞；鼓励 ed to work hard. inspire sb.to do sth. 鼓舞某人去做某事 >Struck by his inspiring words,I decided to work be inspired by 受到……的鼓励 hard.(用分词作状语) 31 高考总复习英语（外研版） 5.(be)upto忙于 Dappoint sb.as/to be... 任命某人为… [教材对接」 appoint sb.to do sth. 委派某人做某事 (1)Social media tools let us see what our friends ②appointment n. 任命；约会 are up to and maintain friendships. make an appointment with sb. 社交媒体工具让我们能了解朋友所做之事并维持 与某人约会 彼此间的友谊。 [基础练通] 单句语法填空 upto其他的意思有：达到，直到；由…决定；胜任 (2)I'd like to make an appointment(appoint)for [基础练通]写出下列黑体部分的名义 tomorrow. (2)We think he isn't up to the position. 胜任 (3)It's good manners to arrive at the appointed (appoint)time in China. (3)It's up to you to decide when we will start for (4)The manager appointed him to meet (meet) our vacation. 由…决定 their guests. (4)Up to now,we have received 300 letters from (5)He was appointed as chairman of the charity. volunteers. 直到 [能力提升]句式升级 (5)(2025·全国二卷)There are up to30 students (6)Yesterday I visited my uncle.He is appointed at any given time in Ho's class. 达到 to be president of his company.(用分词作定语) [能力提升]完成句子 >Yesterday I visited my uncle appointed to be (6)These are my suggestions but it is up to you to president of his company. decide which route to choose 8.distance v.使与…保持距离，撒清和…的关 这些仅是我的建议，选择哪一条路线由你来决定。 系n,距离；远方 [教师专享] 》[教材对接] (1)For example,you can begin with expressions 6.fortune n.机会；运气；大笔的钱；财富；命运 such as Why don't we...?How about...?or use [教材对接 a past tense to distance yourself from the sugges- (1)The next morning I was to start for the West tion:I was wondering whether... to make my fortune. 例如，你可以从诸如“我们为什么不…？…怎 第二天一早我就要动身去西部赚大钱了。 么样？”之类的表达开始，或者使用过去式来疏远这 ①try one's fortune 碰运气 个建议：我想知道是否… seek one's fortune 寻找成功致富之路 ①in the distance 在远处 make a fortune 发财 at a distance 在稍远处 ②fortunate adj. 幸运的；运气好的 at a distance of 在距…远的地方 ③fortunately adv. 幸运地 keep...at a distance 与…保持距离 ④unfortunate adj: 不幸的；倒霉的 ②distant adj:. 遥远的，远处的；冷淡的 [基础练通]单句语法填空 [基础练通]单句语法填空 (2)It was fortunate(fortune)enough to escape (2)You can see the painting better at a distance from being injured in the accident. according to some experts. (3)I had the good fortune(fortunate)to be chosen (3)We don't like to talk with a distant(distance) for a trip abroad. person because he always keeps a person at a dis- tance. (4)(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)Fortunately(fortunate) (4)There is a bus stop at a distance of 500 meters for those in midlife,Levine is finding that even if ahead. you haven't been an enthusiastic exerciser,getting [能力提升]完成句子 in shape now may help improve your aging heart. (5)Bob carefully walks closer to the old man,with [能力提升]句型转换 the rest of the family following at a distance. (5)She is fortunate to have a good teacher,who 鲍勃小心翼翼地走近老人，其他家人紧跟着，但保 helps her a lot with English. 持着一定的距离。 >It is fortunate that she has a good teacher,who helps [间考词汇一要知晓] her a lot with English.(用it作形式主语改写) L.advance vt,.&vi.促进；前进；提前n.前进；进步 7.appoint v.约定；指定（时间，地点等）；任命，委任 单句语法填空/完成句子 [教材对接] (1)(2025·浙江1月卷)..the menu is known in (1)Bob,I was at the appointed place on time. advance,and the meal is expected to be no sur- 鲍勃，我准时到了指定地点。 prise. ·32· 基础必备必修第一册 (2)(2022·全国乙卷)Very small drones(无人机) [基础练通]单句语法填空 with advanced(advance)sensors and AI and travelling (1)(2025·全国-卷)One long-term option for ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot. sustainable fuel for planes is to make(make)hy- (3)China has made great advances in science and drocarbons from recycled air. technology in the past four decades. (2)(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Campbell's point is to 在过去的四十年里，中国在科技方面进步很大。 wake(wake)up those responsible for AI-the 2.anxious adj.忧虑的；不安的 technology companies and world leaders. 单句语法填空 [能力提升]完成句子 (1)She was anxious to know (know)what had (3)The goal of college education is to develop happened. (2)Mother felt anxious for/about the children high level workers. who had been gone one hour too long. 培养高水平劳动者是大学教育的目标。 (3)Anxiously (anxious),I went to bed dreaming 2.As Aristotle said,no one would choose to live about what I would find at the top of this magical without friends,even if he had all other goods. mountain. 正如亚里士多德所说的，没有人会选择没有朋 (4)(2025·全国二卷)Getting to Shrewsbury 友的生活，即使他拥有所有其他的美德 Town Center from London is challenging but 句中As引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是后面的整 worth the anxiety(anxious). 个主句，As在从句作said的宾语，翻译为“正如”。 3.turn up出现 as的用法如下： 选词填空 turn away,turn out,turn up,turn down,turn to ①as引导非限制性定语从句时，有“正如；正 像”之意，代指整个主句的内容，常放于主句 (1)With no one to turn to in such a frightening situation,she felt very helpless. 之前，有时也可放在主句之后或主句之中。 用 (2)How could you turn down such a fantastic job ②as引导限制性定语从句时，先行词常被the when you have been out of work for months? same,such,so等修饰。 纳 (3)Thousands of people turned out to watch ③在such..as..中，as引导限制性定语从 yesterday's match against Ireland. 句，而such..that..中，that引导结果状 (4)Don't worry about your necklace.It'll turn up 语从句。 sooner or later. (5)The chairman shook hands with him and then ①与as不同，which引导非限制性定语从句 turned away. 时，只能放在主句之后，意为“这一点”，且无 “正如/正像…”之意。 第二板块 句式精剖析 意 LDIERBANKUAI- ②在such..as..定语从句中，as在从句中作 1.The next morning I was to start for the West to 项 主语、宾语等。 make my fortune. ③在such..that..状语从句中，that不作任 第二天我就要去西部赚大钱了。 何成分。 表示命令、义务、责任、约定等，译为“应该，必 [基础练通]单句语法填空 须”，长辈对晚辈或上级对下级要求做某事时 (1)As the saying goes,"A good beginning is half 常用 be the battle.” to (2)This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. 表示按照计划或安排将要做某事 do [能力提升]完成句子 的 表示不可避免要发生的事情或命中注定的 (3)(2025·北京卷)As we know(众所周知)，the 用 事情 environment is facing serious problems,which af- 法 fect everyone's life. 如果主语是aim,duty,hope,job,plan,pur (4)The air quality in the city,as is shown in the pose,wish等名词或what引导的名词性从 report(正如在报道中展示的那样)，has improved 句时，不定式作表语解释说明主语的内容 over the past two months. 33· 高考总复习英语（外研版） 进阶>多维检测 学生用书P29 夯基固本多维运用 [全练透] 3.Thanks to modern science and technology,people I.单词拼写 lead a more comfortable and richer life. l.I am anxious(焦虑的)about the coming exam so I 4.It is a pity that some people can't turn up at such am writing to ask you for help. a great festival for a variety of reasons. 2.We would like to thank them for their patience( 5.Never give up hope and be strong!Longing for 心)and understanding. good news from you! 3.I'd like to express our sincere apologies for the poor quality(质量)of our products. 6.Many young Chinese use the messages to stay in 4.The man delivers(递送)the packages to the touch with their friends. woman once a week. V.完成句子 5.The distance(from Marathon to Athens was 1.如果她发现你把她的书丢了怎么办？ about 26 miles. What if she finds that you've lost her book? 6.For an update(最新消息)on road conditions,con 2.不管你做什么，你都必须把它做好。 tact the highway department. Whatever you do,you must do it well. Ⅱ.语境填空 3.众所周知，月球绕着地球转。 1.Henry remembers the day well.It was a day that/ As is known to everybody,the moon travels round which would change his life. 2.He was known for his generosity(generous)to his the earth. colleagues. 4.根据时间安排，会议将会在下周一开始。 3.Everyone was assembled at the appointed ap- According to the schedule,the meeting is to start point)time. next Monday. 4.His inspiring(inspire)speech encouraged us to try 5.当体育明星出现在大厅里时，掌声经久不衰。 again. When the sports hero turned up in the hall,there 5.It struck (strike)Tom that what he'd said about was lasting applause Helen applied to him too. [重落实] 6.The school's modern surroundings surround) I.单元巩固练 provide a stimulating learning environment for students. 在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的 7.He has just written a book,nicely illustrated (il- 正确形式（黑体词为本单元重点词汇）。 lustrate)and not too technical. How would you feel if moving to a new town 8.It is impossible to deliver(deliver)this letter be- meant losing track of your friends?What if your cause the address is illegible. 1.delivered deliver)letter hasn't been received? 9.Up to now lots of tests have proved(prove)that Thanks to 2.advances (advance)in technology,the the system works. thing has changed 3.significantly (significant).We 10.Standing on the top floor,he could see the tall can move around the world and still stay in touch tower in the distance(distant). Ⅲ.选词填空 with 4.our(we)friends and maintain our friendship. istay in touch with,keep in mind,long for,turn up, The digital age enables us 5.to find (find)people thanks to,lose track of sharing the same interests with us.But we need to 1.Keep in mind that in life we often get a chance to be cautious about being friends 6.with people on choose to do or not to do something. line.People tend to post only positive updates making 2.His mind would wander,and he would lose track them appear happy and 7.friendly(friend).We could be of what he was doing. sharing our information with criminals.8.But this ·34· 基础必备必修第一册 doesn't mean we should throw the baby out with the Ⅲ.读后续写微技能(4)一“害怕与恐惧” bathwater.Although technology 9.has changed(change) ●[多样表达] the way we acquire friends,the meaning of friendship l.be afraid of害怕 and our 10.longing (long)for friends remain the 2.scare v.&.n.恐惧，害怕 same. scared adj.害怕的；恐惧的 Ⅱ.话题微写作（观点看法） 3.fear n.害怕，恐惧 生活中我们都需要朋友，那我们该结交怎样的朋 full of fear充满恐惧 友呢？不同的人有不同的看法。请认真阅读下面的 have a fear of害怕 4.horror n.恐惧 引语，按要求用英语写一篇短文 full of horror充满恐惧 "A true friend is a source of strength and hope. 5.be struck with horror感到恐惧 -Jonathan Lockwood Huie 6.scare sb.to death吓死某人 内容要求： 7.be scared silly吓傻了 1.谈谈你对该引语的理解； 8.give sb..goose bumps让某人起鸡皮疙瘩 2.你的相关经历； 9.make sb.'s hair stand on end使（某人）毛骨悚然 3.恰当结尾。 10.on pins and needles坐立不安，如坐针毡 注意：1.短文开头已给出，不计入总词数； ●[佳句观摩] 2.尽量使用本单元知识点； 看恐怖片时，小男孩吓坏了。 3.词数80左右。 概括描写： This quotation from Jonathan Lockwood Huie Seeing the horror film,the little boy got scared. tells us that 细节描述： 1.Seeing the horror film,the little boy was too scared to go to sleep(吓坏了，根本睡不着). 2.Seeing the horror film,the little boy really had his heart in his mouth(吓得他心都提到嗓子眼了). 3.Seeing the horror film,the little boy got so fright- ened that it scared him out of his wits(他吓得魂不 附体). ●[好句仿写] 看到那只凶恶的狗时，珍妮感到很害怕。 概括描写： At the sight of the fierce dog,Jenny felt very [参考范文] scared. This quotation from Jonathan Lockwood Huie 细节描述： tells us that real friends can give us strength and 1.At the sight of the fierce dog,Jenny felt so scared hope when we are in trouble.We need such friends that her throat tightened and her knees felt weak who can help us out instead of letting us down.Once (嗓子发紧，膝盖发软) I failed again and again in my math and lost interest 2.At the sight of the fierce dog,Jenny froze with in it,it was my best friend who encouraged me not to terror,too scared to move an inch(吓呆了，不敢 give up and offered help in time.With his kind and 动弹). selfless help,I gradually caught up with others. 3.At the sight of the fierce dog,Jenny was seized by So I say we need friends but what we need most a strong sense of horror and her palms were swea- is a friend that can enrich our life. ting(被深深的恐惧感所控制，手心出汗). ·35· 高考总复习英语（外研版） 培优>提能加餐 学生用书P31 高考对接素养培优 [培优1]单元知识链高考 一、熟词生义 3.She can tell your fortune by looking at the lines of l.(2025·全国-卷)They could have written pages your hands. n.命运；前途 on the necessity of computers,but writing,in and 二、一词多义一根据语境选出scene的含义 of itself,simply didn't strike them as important. .给…留下印象，让…觉得 A.现场B景色C.舞台D.场景 2.I am not only interested in photograph,but I took 1.The first scene of the play is the king's palace. an amateur course at university to update my D skills. .更新；提高 2.He drew a picture of wintry scene. B [培优2]高考语篇培素养 Topic:人类道德规范 ◆真题文本 ◆真题再做 (2024·北京卷)Franz Boas's description of Inuit(因纽特人)life in 1.What can be inferred about the 19th century illustrates the probable moral code of early humans. the forming of the Inuit's Here,norms (were unwritten and rarely expressed clearly,but were well understood and taken to heart.Dishonest and violent behaviours moral code? were disapproved of;leadership,marriage and interactions with other A.Living conditions were the groups were loosely governed by traditions.Conflict was often resolved in drive. musical battles.Because arguing angrily leads to chaos,it was strongly B.Unwritten rules were the discouraged.With life in the unforgiving Northern Canada being so deman- target. ding,the Inuit's practical approach to morality made good sense. C.Social tradition was the ba- The similarity of moral virtues across cultures is striking,even sis. though the relative ranking of the virtues may vary with a social group's history and environment.Typically,cruelty and cheating are discouraged, D.Honesty was the key. while cooperation,humbleness and courage are praised.These universal 2.What can we learn from this norms far pre-date the concept of any moralising religion or written law. passage? Instead,they are rooted in the similarity of basic human needs and our A.Inconveniences are the cause shared mechanisms for learning and problem solving.Our social instincts of telling lies. (include the intense desire to belong.The approval of others is re- B.Basic human needs lead to warding,while their disapproval is strongly disliked.These social emo- tions prepare our brains to shape our behaviour according to the norms and universal norms. values of our family and our community.More generally,social instincts C.Language capacity is limited motivate us to learn how to behave in a socially complex world. by self-control. The mechanism involves a repurposed reward system originally used D.Written laws have great in- to develop habits important for self-care.Our brains use the system to ac- fluence on virtues. quire behavioural patterns regarding safe routes home,efficient food gath- 3.Which would be the best ti- ering and dangers to avoid.Good habits save time,energy and sometimes your life.Good social habits do something similar in a social context.We tle for this passage? learn to tell the truth,even when lying is self-serving;we help a grand- A.Virtues:Bridges Across parent even when it is inconvenient.We acquire what we call a sense of Cultures right and wrong. B.The Values of Self-disci- Social benefits are accompanied by social demands:we must get pline along,but not put up with too much.Hence self-discipline is advanta- C.Brains:Walls Against geous.In humans,a greatly enlarged brain boosts self-control,just as it boosts problem-solving skills in the social as well as the physical world. Chaos These abilities are strengthened by our capacity for language,which al- D.The Roots of Morality lows social practices to develop in extremely unobvious ways. ·36· 基础必备必修第一册 [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。主要围绕人类道 3.the similarity of moral virtues道德美德的相似性 德规范的起源进行讨论，介绍了早期人类道德准则的 4.be rooted in 根植于 形成过程及其如何根植于人类基本需求及共同的社 5.a socially complex world 一个社会复杂的世界 会学习和问题解决机制中。 6.a sense of right and wrong 种是非对错的感觉 1.C[推理判断题。根据第一段“Here,norms(规 7.problem-solving skills 解题技巧 were unwritten and rarely expressed clearly, 8.social practices 社会实践 but were well understood and taken to heart.Dis- (二)由文本积累阅读词汇 honest and violent behaviours were disapproved 1.code n. 行为准则 of;leadership,marriage and interactions with 2.dishonest adj. 不诚实的 other groups were loosely governed by traditions. 3.leadership n. 领导；领先地位 Conflict was often resolved in musical battles.Be- 4.disapprove v. 不赞成 cause arguing angrily leads to chaos,it was 5.community n. 社区 strongly discouraged.With life in the unforgiving 6.system n. 系统 Northern Canada being so demanding,the Inuit's 7.self-discipline n 自律 practical approach to morality made good sense. 8.advantageous adj. 有利的；有好处的 (在这里，规范是不成文的，很少明确表达，但被很 (三)由文本辨熟词生义（将词义对应的字母填到横线上） 好地理解和铭记。不赞成不诚实和暴力行为；领 1.violent 导、婚姻以及与其他群体的互动都受到传统的松散 A暴力的B.刷烈的C.猛烈的D.狂暴的 控制。冲突往往通过音乐斗争来解决。因为愤怒 DThe process will slowly carry on without produ- 的争论会导致混乱，所以被强烈反对。在无情的加 cing any violent shake,noises and dust. B 拿大北部，生活的要求如此之高，因纽特人对待道 2A violent storm had struck the area. C 德的务实态度很有道理。)”可知，因纽特人的生活 3 What all this tells us is that hurricanes are 中，规范是不成文的，因纽特人的道德准则的形成 much more than just violent,damaging storms. 是以社会传统为基础的。] D 2.B[细节理解题。根据第二段“These universal 2.social norms far pre-date the concept of any moralising religion or written law.Instead,they are rooted in A.社会的B.交际的℃.群居的D.联谊会 the similarity of basic human needs and our shared DAt first,language is a social phenomenon,and mechanisms for learning and problem solving.(i is also the tool of social intercommunication. 些普遍规范远远早于任何道德化宗教或成文法律 B 的概念。相反，它们植根于人类基本需求的相似性 2There is no doubt that these phenomena are 以及我们学习和解决问题的共同机制。)”可知，普 shocking and should arouse our social concern. 遍的道德规范植根于人类基本需求的相似性以及 A 我们学习和解决问题的共同机制，即人类的基本需 3These endangered gentle giants are highly social 求导致普遍的道德规范形成。] animals. C 3.D[主旨大意题。根据第一段“Franz Boas'sde ◆长句缩写 scription of Inuit(因纽特人)life in the 19 th cen- The similarity of moral virtues across cultures is tury illustrates the probable moral code of early striking,even though the relative ranking of the humans..(弗朗兹·博厄斯对l9世纪因纽特人生 virtues may vary with a social group's history and 活的描述说明了早期人类可能的道德准则。)”以及 environment. 文章内容可知，本文围绕人类道德规范的起源进行 [句子剖析]请将句中的“枝叶”（名词短语、介词 讨论，主要介绍了早期人类道德准则的形成过程及 短语、非谓语动词短语、形容词、副词、连词、从句) 其如何根植于人类基本需求及共同的社会学习和 去掉，留下“主于”（主谓宾或主系表）。 问题解决机制中，所以“道德的起源”适合作为文章 The similarity of moral virtues (across cultures) 标题。] is striking,(even though the relative ranking of ◆素材积累 the virtues may vary with a social group's history (一)由文本积累主题词块 and environment). L.moral code of early humans早期人类的道德准则 [句子缩写]The similarity of moral virtues is 2.lead to chaos 导致混乱 striking.(不超过10个单词) ·37·