必修第二册 课时冲关10 UNIT 4 HISTORY AND TRADITIONS（教用版）-【创新教程】2027年高考英语总复习大一轮课时作业（人教版）

高考总复习英语 UNIT 4 HISTORY 学生用书课时 I.阅读A 主题：人与社会 体裁：记叙文 “Five Weeks in a Balloon”,a literary treas- ure written by Jules Verne in the mid-19th centu- ry,vividly shows the adventurous spirit of the exploration era.This novel,much more than just an adventure story,gives a satirical(嘲讽的) look at contemporary travel literature,cleverly mixing discovery,adventure,and humor into an interesting story.Its main theme is about the strong pursuit of exploration,the strength of friendship when facing challenges,and the era's great desire for knowledge. The story begins at the Royal Geographical Society.In the grand hall filled with scholars and people who are interested,there is an air of ex- pectation and doubt.Dr.Samuel Ferguson,a tall, thin man with round glasses and messy hair,is going to present his audacious plan:traveling across the huge and mysterious African continent from east to west in a balloon.As he explains his idea with passion,his excited eyes and confident voice are not affected by the audience's doubtful looks. Ferguson's eventful past is slowly shown. Having gone on many dangerous expeditions,his experiences have taken him to the farthest parts of the world.These experiences have made him into a brave explorer.His deep friendship with Dick Kennedy,a tough hunter with a face that shows he has been through a lot,also comes to light.Kennedy,used to traditional exploration ways,is at first not sure about this journey by balloon,which tests their long-standing friend- ship. Joe,their loyal and full-of-energy servant, appears when they start preparing.Joe's enthusi- asm often goes against Kennedy's carefulness, adding a special feeling to the group.Ferguson spends a lot of time studying maps and weather patterns,making the balloon's design better. Kennedy focuses on getting supplies and weap- ons.Joe does various tasks and gives encourage- ment. As the launch day gets closer,excitement grows.The balloon,a wonderful thing made of silk and rope,stands high,representing their big plan.The people in the town come together to see this amazing sight.During the journey,they see both beautiful views of the African landscape and run into unexpected problems like changeable ·350 AND TRADITIONS 中关10P273 话题：《气球上的五星期》 weather.There are arguments about which way to go and moments of doubt,but their shared goal of crossing Africa keeps them together.This novel makes readers think about courage,friend- ship,and the search for knowledge. 1.Why do people at the Royal Geographical Soci- ety look doubtful? A.They don't believe in Dr.Ferguson's past experiences. B.They are concerned about the safety of the balloon's design. C.They think Dr.Ferguson's plan to cross Af- rica by balloon is incredible. D.They doubt Dr.Ferguson's ability to study maps and weather patterns. 2.What does the underlined word "audacious"in the second paragraph probably mean? A.Cautious and careful. B.Bold and ambitious. C.Ordinary and common. D.Conventional and traditional. 3.Which of the following best describes Joe's role in the team? A.His passion balances Kennedy's caution. B.He focuses on improving the balloon's de- sign. C.He is mainly responsible for gathering sup- plies. D.His doubt about the journey adds tension to the group. 4.What is the author's attitude towards the novel Five Weeks in a Balloon? A.Fairly critical. B.Completely indifferent. C.Somewhat doubtful. D.Highly appreciative. [语篇解读]本文主要介绍了儒勒·凡尔纳的小 说《气球上的五星期》。小说以19世纪中期为背 景，描述了主人公弗格森乘坐热气球历险的一系 列经历。通过虚构的故事，反映了那个时代的探 险精神、人们对知识的追求以及在冒险中人与人 之间的关系。 l.C[推理判断题。根据第二段“Dr.Samuel Ferguson,a tall,thin man with round glasses and messy hair,is going to present his auda- cious plan:traveling across the huge and mys- terious African continent from east to west in a balloon.As he explains his idea with passion, his excited eyes and confident voice are not af- fected by the audience's doubtful looks..(塞缪 尔·弗格森博士，一个戴着圆眼镜、头发乱蓬蓬 的瘦高男人，将要展示他的audacious计划：乘 坐气球从东到西穿越巨大而神秘的非洲大陆。 当他充满激情地解释自己的想法时，他兴奋的 眼睛和自信的声音并没有被观众怀疑的目光所 影响。)”可知，弗格森博士打算乘坐气球从东向 西穿越神秘的非洲大陆，这个计划让皇家地理 学会的人们觉得不可思议，所以他们面露 怀疑。门 2.B[词义猜测题。根据第二段对弗格森博士计 划的描述“traveling across the huge and myste rious African continent from east to west in a balloon(乘坐气球从东到西穿越巨大而神秘的 非洲大陆)”可知，乘坐气球穿越非洲大陆是一 个大胆且有雄心的计划，“audacious'”意为“大胆 的；有雄心的”，与“Bold and ambitious”意思 相近。] 阅读B主题：人与自然 体裁：说明 The 24 solar terms,based on the sun's posi- tion in the zodiac,were created by farmers in ancient China to guide the agricultural affairs and farming activities.The 24 solar terms reflect the changes in climate,natural phenomena,agricul- tural production,and other aspects of human life,including clothing,food,housing,and transportation.The 24 solar terms play impor- tant roles and have greatly influenced people's basic needs in life,and they still have an impor- tant function nowadays. During the Shang Dynasty (17th century BCE-1046 BCE),ancient people have decided 4 solar terms:The Spring Equinox (Chun Fen), The Summer Solstice (Xia Zhi),The Autumn Equinox (Qiu Fen),The Winter Solstice (Dong Zhi)by observing the shadow at noon.When the shadow is shortest in a year,it is Summer Sol- stice,the longest is Winter Solstice and the mod- erate is Spring Equinox or Autumn Equinox.In the Zhou Dynasty (11th century BCE 221BCE),eight solar terms were used.In 104 BCE,the astronomical positions of 24 solar terms were decided. These twenty-four solar terms each suggest the position of the sun every time it travels 15 de- grees on the ecliptic longitude().A cycle is that the Earth revolves around the sun for one time.It begins from the Beginning of Spring (Li Chun)and ends at Greater Cold (Da Han).In ·3 基础必备必修第二册 3.A[推理判断题。根据第四段中“Joe,their loyal and full-of-energy servant,appears when they start preparing.Joe's enthusiasm often goes against Kennedy's carefulness,adding a special feeling to the group.(当他们开始准备 时，他们忠诚而精力充沛的仆人乔出现了。乔 的热情常常与肯尼迪的谨慎背道而驰，给这群 人增添了一种特殊的感觉。)”可知，乔的热情与 肯尼迪的谨慎相互平衡，给团队增添了特殊的 氛围。] 4.D[推理判断题。根据第一段“‘Five Weeks in a Balloon',a literary treasure written by Jules Verne in the mid-19th century,vividly shows the adventurous spirit of the exploration era. (儒勒·凡尔纳创作于19世纪中期的文学瑰宝 《气球上的五星期》生动地展现了探险时代的冒 险精神。)”可知，作者称这本书为“文学瑰宝”， 并对其内容、主题等进行了高度评价，所以作者 对这部小说是高度赞赏的。] 文 话题：中国24节气 each month there are often two solar terms:the first one is generally named "Jie Qi"and the oth- er one“Zhong Qi'”. These solar terms have meaningful titles. Some of them reflect the change of seasons such as the Beginning of Spring,the Beginning of Summer,the Beginning of Autumn,and the Be- ginning of Winter;some embody the phenomena of climate like the Waking of Insects (Jing Zhe), Pure Brightness(Qing Ming),Lesser Fullness of Grain (Xiao Man)and Grain in Beard (Mang Zhong);some indicate the change of climate like Rain Water (Yu Shui),Grain Rain (Gu Yu), Lesser Heat (Xiao Shu),Greater Heat (Da Shu),and so on. 5.Why were the 24 solar terms created? A.To help farmers with faming. B.To help soldiers to fight in wars. C.To enrich traditional Chinese culture. D.To help people know about the weather. 6.What's the second paragraph mainly about? A.How the 24 solar terms work. B.Why the 24 solar terms are popular. C.The history of the 24 solar terms. D.The importance of the 24 solar terms. 7.What decides each of the 24 solar terms? A.The sun's position. B.The Earth's position. C.The sun's movement. D.The Earth's movement. 高考总复习英语 8.Which of the following indicates the phenome- na of climate? A.Rain Water. B.Greater Heat C.The Waking of Insects. D.The Beginning of Summer. [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。二十四节气是 中国古代农民根据气候变化对一年进行的节令划分。 在国际气象界，二十四节气被誉为“中国的第五大发 明”。2016年11月30日，二十四节气被正式列入联 合国教科文组织人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录。 Ⅱ，完形填空主题：人与社会体裁：新闻报道 The Cambridge University Library in Britain received a "gift"in early March,2022.Someone 1 a pink gift bag near the building with a note wishing the librarian a Happy Easter.Inside the bag was the“gift”:two small notebooks from the famous British naturalist Charles Dar- win,who is 2 for his theory of evolution. One of the 3 has a famous drawing in it called the“Tree of Life'”.Darwin made the draw ing in 1837. The university talked about the 4 on Tuesday.Cambridge believed the notebooks were 5 20 years ago.They were first thought to be 6 inside the building after they were taken to be photographed.But,after searching through 10 million books,maps and documents,the univer- sity reported the notebooks 7 to police in2020. British investigators notified police around the world,and a 8 began.The notebooks are valued at millions of dollars.They were 9, however,in good condition.Darwin's notebooks contained writings about his famous trip around the world on the ship H.M.S.Beagle.The re- search 10 his book on evolution called On the Origin of species. Cambridge University Librarian Jessica Gardner said she was 11 to see the note- books.But she said her true feelings were pro- found and almost impossible to adequately express. Gardner said the notebooks would go back into the Darwin Archive.The library is also 12 to the works by scientists Stephen Hawking and Isaac Newton. ·3 5.A[细节理解题。根据第一段可知，二十四节 气由中国古代农民创造，用来指导农业事务和 农业活动。] 6.C[段落大意题。根据第二段可知，本段主要 介绍了二十四节气的发展历史。] 7.A[推理判断题。根据第三段可知，二十四节 气分别表示太阳在黄道经度上运行15度时所 处的位置。] 8.C[细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，二十四 节气中有些表达了气候现象，如惊蛰。] 话题：达尔文笔记本在失窃20年后回归剑桥大学 The notebooks will be on 13 later this year in a Darwin show at the library.Local police said they are continuing to 14 who may have taken the notebooks and asked for help from any- one who has 15 about the case. 1.A.presented B.left C.provided D.abandoned 2.A.satisfied B.interested C.renowned D.devoted 3.A.gifts B.bags C.works D.notebooks 4.A.incident B.amusement C.librarian D.conflict 5.A.covered B.taken C.photographed D.copied 6.A.destroyed B.surviving C.buried D.missing 7.A.hidden B.removed C.stolen D.purchased 8.A.search B.research C.conservation D.trial 9.A.changed B.claimed C.returned D.offered 10.A.belonged to B.led to C.appealed to D.accounted to 11.A.concerned B.embarrassed C.anxious D.relieved 12.A.equal B.home C.reduced D.limited 13.A.balance B.public C.display D.disgrace 14.A.look into B.respond to C.happen to D.prepare for 15.A.contents B.news C.images D.information 2 [语篇解读]本文是一篇新闻报道。达尔文笔记 本在失窃20年后回归剑桥大学。 1.B[考查动词词义辨析。句意：有人在大楼附 近留下了一个粉色的礼物袋，上面有一张纸条 祝图书管理员复活节快乐。A.presented呈现； B.left下，离开；C.provided提供；D.aban doned抛弃。根据前文“The Cambridge Uni- versity Library in Britain received a 'gift'in early March,2022.”可知，有人在大楼附近留下 了一个礼物袋。] 2.C[考查形容词词义辨析。句意：包里是“礼 物”：两个小笔记本，来自著名的英国博物学家 查尔斯·达尔文，他以《进化论》而闻名。A. satisfied满意的；B.interested感兴趣的；C.re- nowned著名的；D.devoted投入的。根据后文 “for his theory of evolution”及常识，可知达尔 文因他的《进化论》而出名。be renowned for表 示“因…而出名”。] 3.D[考查名词词义辨析。句意：其中一个笔记 本上有一幅著名的画，叫做《生命之树》。A gifts礼物；B.bags包；C.works作品；D.note books笔记本。根据上文“two small note- books'”可知，礼物袋里面是笔记本，其中一个笔 记本上有一幅著名的画。] 4.A[考查名词词义辨析。句意：该大学在周二 谈到了这起事件。A.incident事件；B.amuse- ment开心，娱乐；C.librarian图书管理员；D. conflict冲突。此处指剑桥大学谈到了上文提 到的“The Cambridge University Library in Britain received a‘gift’in early March,”这 件事。] 5.B[考查动词词义辨析。句意：剑桥大学认为 这些笔记本是20年前被拿走的。A.covered覆 盖，包括；B.taken拿走；C.photographed拍照， 摄影；D.copied复制。根据后文“they were taken to be photographed”可知，上次拍照时这 些笔记本被拿走了。] 6.D[考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在他们被拍 照后，人们起初认为他们在大楼内失踪了。A. destroyed被破坏的；B.surviving继续存在的， 未死的；C.buried埋藏的；D.missing找不到的， 丢失的。根据后文“after searching through 10 million books,maps and documents'”可知，人 们认为这些笔记本丢了，所以进行了大量的 寻找。] 7.C[考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是，在搜索了 1000万册书籍、地图和文件后，该大学于2020 年向警方报告了笔记本被盗。A.hidden隐藏； B.removed移开；C.stolen偷；D.purchased购 买。根据前文“after searching through 10mil lion books,maps and documents”可知，大学在 找不到笔记后，向警察报告说这些笔记本被偷了。] 8.A[考查名词词义辨析。句意：英国调查人员 通知了世界各地的警方，并开始搜查。A. search搜索；B.research研究；C.conservation 保护；D.trial审判，试验。根据前文“British in vestigators notified police around the world" 知，警察被通知后，一场搜索开始了。门 ·35 基础必备必修第二册 9.C[考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，它们被归 还时情况良好。A.changed改变；B.claimed声 称；C.returned归还；D.offered提供。根据后 文“however,in good condition'”可知，这些笔记 本被完好的归还了。] 10.B[考查动词短语辨析。句意：这项研究促成 了他关于进化论的著作《物种起源》。A.be longed to属于；B.led to导致，通向；C.appealed to吸引；D.accounted to对…作出解释。根 据前文“Darwin's notebooks contained writings about his famous trip around the world on the ship H.M.S.Beagle”和后文“his book on evo- lution called On the Origin of species”可知，研 究促成（导致）了他的《物种起源》。] 11.D[考查形容词词义辨析。句意：剑桥大学图 书管理员杰西卡·加德纳说，看到这些笔记本， 她松了一口气。A.concerned关心的；B.em barrassed尴尬的；C.anxious焦虑的；D.re lieved放心的，宽慰的。根据语境和“But she said her true feelings were profound and almost impossible to adequately express..”可知，收到 丢失了20年的达尔文的笔记本后，该大学的图 书管理员非常欣慰。] 12.B[考查形容词词义辨析。句意：该图书馆也 是科学家斯蒂芬·霍金和艾萨克·牛顿作品的 所在地。A.equal平等的；B.home在主场进行 的，国内的；C.reduced减少的；D.limited有限 的。根据前文“also”和后文“the works by sci- entists Stephen Hawking and Isaac Newton”可 知，这个图书馆Darwin Archive(达尔文档案 馆)还专门存放科学家斯蒂芬·霍金和艾萨克·牛 顿的作品。be home to意为“为…的所在地”。] 13.C[考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些笔记本将 于今年晚些时候在图书馆的达尔文展上展出。 A.balance-平衡；B.public公众；C.display展览； D.disgrace耻辱。根据后文“in a Darwin show at the library”可知这些笔记本将会被展出。on display意为“展览”。] 14.A[考查动词短语辨析。句意：当地警方表 示，他们正在继续调查谁可能拿走了这些笔记 本，并向任何了解此案信息的人寻求帮助。 A.look into调查；B.respond to对…做出回 应；C.happen to碰巧；D.prepare for为…做 准备。根据后文“who may have taken the note- books'”可知，由于这些笔记是谁送来的仍然未 知，所以警察们将继续调查。] 15.D[考查名词词义辨析。句意：当地警方表 示，他们正在继续调查谁可能拿走了这些笔记 本，并向任何了解此案信息的人寻求帮助。 A.contents内容；B.news新闻，消息；C.images 图像，形象。D.information信息。根据前文 “asked for help from anyone'”和后文“about the case”可知，警察将向任何了解此案信息的人寻 求帮助。] 53 高考总复习英语 Ⅲ.语法填空主题：人与社会 体裁：说明 At the easternmost end of Dongguan Street in Yangzhou,east China's Jiangsu Province, stands the Marco Polo Memorial Hall,a museum 1. show)the Italian traveler's journey to the East. Alessandro Prosperi,a foreigner 2. had lived and worked in Yangzhou for almost eight years,visited this hall and walked around the old streets with his family 3. (regular)during his time in the city.Prosperi said he could not only see old buildings but also feel the vitality of them after renovation(). With a history of over 2,500 years,Yang- zhou is one of the famous ancient cities of China. The old city of Yangzhou covers 4. area of 5.09 square km with about 340 alleys 街)5. (attach)to some major cul- tural streets like Dongguan Street,Renfengli, and Pishi Street. Renfengli is a 6. (history) community constructed in the Ming Dynasty in Yangzhou.It is fishbone-shaped,stretching 700 个· meter)from south to north with 15 alleys connected to it on both the eastern and western sides. While strolling down Renfengli,tourists can visit traditional buildings and residential areas. They can also experience the charm of Yangzhou's rich cultural heritage,such 8. Yangzhou paper-cutting,woodblock printing,and Yangzhou puppet shows(木偶戏). The 9. (restore)of Renfengli symbolizes Yangzhou's broader efforts in safe- guarding and breathing new life into its ancient cityscape.It is also a feat achieved through the persistent and effective strategies of the govern- ment.And in protecting and renovating the ancient city,the government has worked hard 10. (address)the challenges of homogenization(同质化). [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了位 于中国东部江苏省扬州市东关街最东端的马可· 波罗纪念馆，它展示了这位意大利旅行者的东方 之旅。 1.showing[考查非谓语动词。句意：在中国东 部江苏省扬州市东关街的最东端，矗立着马可 波罗纪念馆，这是一个展示这位意大利旅行者 东方之旅的博物馆。分析句子结构可知，本句 ·3 文 话题：马可·波罗纪念馆 已有谓语动词stands,且空处没有连词，所以空 处需用非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰名词muse um,动词show与museum之间是主动关系，所 以空处需用现在分词showing作后置定语。故 填showing。」 2.who/that[考查定语从句。句意：Alessandro Prosperi是一名在扬州生活和工作了近8年的 外国人，在扬州期间，他经常和家人一起参观这 个大厅，在老街上散步。分析句子结构可知，空 处需用关系词引导定语从句，先行词是afor eigner,指人，关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以 空处需用关系代词who/that引导定语从句。 故填who/that。] 3.regularly[考查副词。句意同上。空处需用 副词作状语修饰动词walked,regular的副词为 regularly。故填regularly。] 4.an[考查冠词。句意：扬州老城占地5.09平 方公里，有340多条小巷与东关街、仁丰里、皮 市街等主要文化街相连。cover an area of.., “占地…”，固定搭配，area是以元音音素开头 的单词，所以空处需用不定冠词an。故填an。] 5.attached[考查with的复合结构。句意：扬州 老城占地5.09平方公里，有340多条小巷与东 关街、仁丰里、皮市街等主要文化街相连。 “with十宾语十宾语补足语”为固定搭配，attach 与alleys之间是被动关系，需用过去分词作宾 语补足语。故填attached。] 6.historical[考查形容词。句意：仁丰里是扬州 明代建造的一个历史街区。空处需用形容词作 定语修饰名词community,history的形容词为 historical。故填historical。.] 7.meters/metres[考查可数名词复数。句意：它 呈鱼骨状，南北长700米，东西两侧各有15条 小巷与之相连。空前有700修饰，所以空处需 用可数名词复数，meter的复数为meters/me tres。故填meters/metres。] 8.as[考查固定短语。句意：他们还可以体验扬 州丰富文化遗产的魅力，如扬州剪纸、木版印刷 和扬州木偶戏。such as“例如”，固定短语。故 填as。] 9.restoration[考查名词。句意：仁丰里的修复 象征着扬州在保护古城风貌、赋予古城新生命 方面更广泛的努力。根据空前定冠词the可知， 空处需用名词，restore的名词为restoration“修 复”，不可数名词。故填restoration。] l0.to address[考查动词不定式。句意：在保护 和改造古城的过程中，政府努力应对同质化的 挑战。work hard to do sth.“努力做某事”，固 定搭配，所以空处需用动词不定式。故填tod dress。