Unit 5 Play by the rules-2026-2027学年八年级英语上册词汇精讲精练（外研版）

Unit 5 Play by the rules? 词汇精讲精练 核心词汇概览： opposite smelly passenger responsibility cause honesty spread citizen basic 词汇精讲 序号 单词 词汇讲解 opposite 释义：adj.相反的；对面的；n.对立面；prep. 在…对面 /'pp3zt/或/'apzt/ 词形变化：oppositely adv.相反地 搭配：opposite to与…相反；on the opposite side在对面；the opposite direction相反方向 词根：ob-(对抗)+pos(放置)+-ite→放在对面 例句：The supermarket is opposite the school. 超市在学校对面。 smelly 释义：adj.有臭味的，发臭的 /'smeli/ 词形变化：smell n.w.气味/闻到；smellier,smelliest比较级/最高 级 搭配：smelly socks臭袜子；smelly food有异味的食物 词根：smell(气味)+y(形容词后缀)→有气味的 例句：Please throw away the smelly rubbish. 请把发臭的垃圾扔掉。 3 passenger 释义：n.乘客，旅客 /paesmd33(r)/ 词形变化：passengers复数 搭配：passenger train客运列车；passenger seat乘客座位； passenger plane客机 词根：passage(通道)+-er(人)→通过通道的人 例句：Alpa.ssengers must fasten their seat belts. 所有乘客必须系好安全带。 responsibility 释义：n.责任，负责 /rI,sponsa'bilati/ 词形变化：responsible adj..有责任的；irresponsible adj.不负责任 的：responsibly adv.负责地 搭配：take responsibility for对…负责；have a responsibility to do sth.有责任做某事；a sense of responsibility责任感 词根：response(回应)+-ibility(能力)一能够回应，即承担责 任 例句：Everyone should take responsibility for protecting the environment. 每个人都应承担保护环境的责任。 cause 释义：n.原因：事业：v.导致，引起 k0:z/ 词形变化：causes第三人称单数；caused过去式/过去分词； causing现在分词 搭配：cause and effect因果；cause damage造成损害；cause trouble惹麻烦；a good cause崇高的事业 词根：来自拉丁语causa(原因，理由) 例句：，Smoking can cause many diseases. 吸烟会导致许多疾病。 6 honesty 释义：n.诚实，正直 /'pnisti/ 词形变化：honest adj.诚实的；honestly adv.诚实地；dishonest adj.不诚实的；dishonesty n.不诚实 搭配：in all honesty说实在的：honesty is the best policy诚实为上 策；with honesty诚实地 词根：honor(荣誉)+-ty(名词后缀)→荣誉的品质 例句：Honesty is very important in friendship. 诚实对友谊非常重要。 spread 释义：V.传播；展开：n.传播：范围 /spred/ 词形变化：spread,spread,spreading(过去式/过去分词同原形) 搭配：spread out展开；spread news传播消息；spread disease传 播疾病；spread around四处传播 词根：来自古英语spraedan(展开) 例句：The fire spread quickly because of the wind.. 因为风，火势迅速蔓延。 8 citizen 释义：n.公民：市民 /'sitizan/ 词形变化：citizens复数；citizenship n.公民身份；citizenry n.全 体公民 搭配：good citizen好公民；citizen of the world世界公民； ordinary citizen普通市民 词根：city(城市)+-zen（人)→城市里的人 例句：As citizens,we should obey the laws.. 作为公民，我们应该遵守法律。 basic 释义：adj.基本的，基础的；n.基础（常作复数basics) /'beisik/ 词形变化：base n.基础；basically adv.基本上 搭配：basic knowledge基础知识；basic needs基本需求；basic principle基本原则 词根：base（基础)+ic(形容词后缀)→基础的 例句：Reading is a basic skill for learning. 阅读是学习的基本技能。 二、专项训练 (一)单句填空（用所给词的适当形式填空） 1.The two shops are on (oppose)sides of the street. 2.This fish smells (smell).Don't eat it. 3.The bus is full of (passenger). 4.It's your (responsible)to finish the homework on time. 5.Heavy rain (cause)floods last summer. 6. (honest)is the best way to earn trust. 7.The news (spread)quickly through the whole city yesterday. 8.Every (citizen)should have equal rights 9.We need to learn some(base)computer skills. 10.Be careful!The milk is (smell)because it has gone bad. 11.He always takes full (responsible)for his mistakes. 12.The (oppose)direction is that way. (二)短文填空 One day,a bus 1. (passenger)got on the wrong bus.He didn't know the 2. (oppose)direction.An old man told him,"It's our 3. (responsible)to help each other."The passenger felt very thankful.4. (honest)and kindness are 5. (base)qualities of a good 6. (citizen).The news about this story (spread)quickly.Everyone praised the old man.However,there was a 8. (smell)garbage can nearby.Someone 9. (cause)the mess.The old man said,"We should also take care of the environment."He 10. (spread)the garbage away and cleaned the area. (三)短文选词填空 (用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整正确。每个单词限用一次，每空限填一 个单词。) 方框词汇：opposite,smelly,passenger,responsibility,cause,honesty,spread,citizen,basic Dear friends, We are all 1. of this city.It is our 2.to keep it clean.Some people drop 3. rubbish on the street,which 4.pollution.This problem 5. quickly if we don't act.As a good 6. you can help.First,learn the 7. rules of garbage classification.Second,never throw rubbish in the 8. direction of the bin.9. is also important-always tell the truth about your waste habits.Let's work together! 10.Spread the message to your family and friends. (四)完成句子 根据所给汉语意思，用单词或短语完成下列英文句子。 1.这家超市就在医院对面。 The supermarket is the hospital. 2.公共汽车上所有的乘客都必须系好安全带。 A11 on the bus must fasten their seat belts. 3.每个人都有责任保持教室整洁。 Everyone has the keep the classroom tidy. 4抽烟会引起许多健康问题。 Smoking can many health problems. 5.诚实是友谊中最重要的品质之一。 is one of the most important qualities in friendship. 6火灾很快就蔓延到了整栋楼。 The fire the whole building very quickly. 7作为好公民，我们应该遵守交通规侧。 As good we should obey the traffic rules. 8这些是学习英语的基础知识。 These are the of learning English. 9.请不要把臭袜子放在房间里。 Please don't put the socks in the room. 10.他和我的观点完全相反。 His opinion is completely mine. 三、参考答案 (一)单句填空 1.opposite ;2.smelly 3.passengers 4.responsibility ;5.caused 6.Honesty 7.spread 8.citizen ;9.basic 10.smelly 11.responsibility 12.opposite (二)短文填空 1.passenger 2.opposite 3.responsibility ;4.Honesty 5.basic 6.citizen 7.spread 8.smelly 9.caused 10.spread (三)短文选词填空 1.citizens 2.responsibility 3.smelly 4.causes 5.spreads ;6.citizen 7.basic 8.opposite ;9.Honesty 10.Spread (四)完成句子 1.opposite to 2.the passengers 3responsibility to ;4.cause 5.Honesty 6.spread to 7.citizens 8.basic knowledge 9.smelly 10.opposite to