第5讲 定语从句入门 导学案-2026-2027学年初高中英语衔接复习专项

初升高英语暑假衔接学习手册 Day 5 · 第 5 讲 定语从句入门 项目 内容 版本 答案解析版 建议用时 30-40 分钟 学习程式 情境观察 → 规律发现 → 知识梳理 → 分层练习 → 语篇应用 → 学习打卡 订正方法 每道关系词题都写出三项依据：先行词、从句所缺成分、关系词作用。答案相同但依据说不清，说明判断方法还没有真正掌握。 一、情境导入答案与解析 1. B that has a glass roof 限定 library，帮助读者确定具体对象。 2. library library 是被后面从句说明的先行词。 3. 不能 若有两座图书馆，去掉限定信息后无法确定是哪一座。 四、对比判断答案与解析 1. which；缺主语 which 代替 classroom，作 has 的主语。 2. where；成分完整，缺地点状语 we hold class meetings 主谓宾完整。 3. when；成分完整，缺时间状语 we clean the lab 主谓宾完整。 4. that；缺宾语 we chose 后缺少选择的对象。 5. who；缺主语 who 代替 student 发出 showed 的动作。 6. whose；缺定语 whose notes 表示“这名学生的笔记”。 五、信息整合参考答案 1. The girl who welcomed me at the gate is our monitor. who 指人并作 welcomed 的主语。 2. I joined the reading club that my friend recommended. that 作 recommended 的宾语，也可省略。 3. This is the makerspace where students build robots. 从句成分完整，where 作地点状语。 4. I will never forget my first English class when we played a name game. when 表示在那节课上。 5. Mr Chen, whose lessons include many experiments, teaches science. whose 表示所属关系；此处是补充说明。 六、长句拆解答案与解析 1. 主干：The student won the writing competition；先行词：student；从句：who is speaking to the head teacher；who作主语 先暂时移开从句，就能看到主干。 2. 主干：Our school library offers a quiet reading area；先行词：library；从句：which opened last year；which作主语 逗号间内容补充说明图书馆。 3. 主干：The science club holds an experiment；先行词：club；从句：that I joined in September；that作宾语 I 是从句主语，joined 后缺宾语。 七、微阅读答案与解析 1. that lies behind the library 学校有两座花园，该从句用于确定其中一座。 2. which opened this spring the other garden 已经明确，该从句补充开放时间。 3. 它引出非限制性定语从句 去掉补充信息，主句 The other garden is a place... 仍然成立。 八、翻译巩固参考答案 1. The girl who welcomed me at the school gate is our monitor. who 指人并作主语。 2. I like the book that you recommended yesterday. that 作宾语，可省略。 3. The makerspace is the place where we make robots. where 作地点状语。 4. I will never forget the day when we first exchanged ideas. when 作时间状语。 5. Mr Li, whose classes are full of experiments, made a deep impression on me. whose 表示“李老师的课堂”。 6. The new reading corner that the school built provides a comfortable space for students who want to read quietly during the lunch break. 两个从句分别修饰 reading corner 和 students。 九、语篇应用一答案与解析 1. where hall 后的从句主谓结构完整，缺地点状语。 2. that / which 从句缺 has 的主语，指物。 3. who 逗号后补充说明 Ms Wu，who 作 teaches 的主语。 4. 主语 关系词代替 lab，发出 has 所表示的动作。 5. 导览帮助新生熟悉校园地点和身边的人。 概括结尾句，不必逐词翻译。 十、语篇应用二答案与解析 1. students；room；card；Leo 它们分别由 who、where、that、whose 引导的从句修饰。 2. who are new to the school who 作 are 的主语。 3. where we usually have class meetings 从句成分完整，where 作地点状语。 4. 母语是西班牙语的利奥 whose first language 表示所属关系。 5. Because the card helped him start a friendly conversation and feel at home. 根据后两句整合原因。 十一、任务输出参考 I recommend the Welcome Club that meets every Friday. It is a club where new students can make friends. Ms Gao, who guides the club, is patient and friendly. The activities that she designs help us speak with confidence. It is a good choice for anyone who wants to enjoy school life. 评价提示 重点检查信息是否真实清楚、两个定语从句是否承担不同作用，不以堆叠关系词的数量作为高分标准。 初升高英语暑假衔接学习手册 · 第5讲 · 第 1 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 初升高英语暑假衔接学习手册 Day 5 · 第 5 讲 定语从句入门 项目 内容 版本 学生版 建议用时 30-40 分钟 学习程式 情境观察 → 规律发现 → 知识梳理 → 分层练习 → 语篇应用 → 学习打卡 学习目标 理解定语从句在真实表达中的作用；能用“先行词+从句成分”选择关系词；能拆解长句、整合重复信息，并用定语从句介绍校园人物、地点或社团。 一、情境导入：哪一句能帮新生找到地点 校园开放日当天，两名志愿者分别介绍图书馆。阅读句子，回答问题。 A. The library is beside the science building. B. The library that has a glass roof is beside the science building. 1. 如果校园里有两座图书馆，哪一句能帮助新生确定“是哪一座”？________ 2. that has a glass roof 补充说明的名词是________。 3. 去掉这部分后，句意是否仍能准确指出那座图书馆？________ 先理解作用 定语从句像一张“信息标签”，放在名词后面，帮助我们确定或补充说明某个人、事物、地点或时间。被说明的名词叫先行词。 二、例句观察：关系词为什么不能只看先行词 The library which has a glass roof is new. 观察：which 代替 library，作 has 的主语。 The library where we read after class is new. 观察：we read 成分完整，where 表示“在图书馆里”。 I remember the day that we spent together. 观察：spent 后缺宾语，that 代替 the day。 I remember the day when we first met. 观察：we first met 成分完整，when 表示“在那一天”。 核心判断 先行词只决定关系词指人、指物还是表示地点、时间；最终选择还要看关系词在从句中缺少什么成分。 三、知识梳理：关系词的两类工作 关系词 先行词 从句中的作用 例子 who / whom 人 主语或宾语 the student who helped me which / that 物；that 也可指人 主语或宾语 the club that I joined whose 人或物 定语，表示“……的” a girl whose smile is warm where 地点 地点状语 the room where we meet when 时间 时间状语 the day when school began why reason 原因状语 the reason why I joined 第一步：圈出先行词，判断它指人、物、地点、时间还是原因。 第二步：遮住关系词，检查从句。缺主语或宾语，用关系代词；句子主谓宾完整但缺地点、时间或原因信息，用关系副词。 第三步：检查特殊情况。关系代词作宾语时常可省略；逗号后的补充说明一般不用 that。 四、对比判断：同一个先行词，不同的句子成分 从每组括号中选择合适的关系词，并在横线上写出判断依据：“缺主语/缺宾语/成分完整，缺状语”。 1. This is the classroom (which / where) has a smart screen. 依据：____________ 2. This is the classroom (which / where) we hold class meetings. 依据：____________ 3. Friday is the day (that / when) we clean the lab. 依据：____________ 4. Friday is the day (that / when) we chose for the class trip. 依据：____________ 5. I thanked the student (who / whose) showed me around. 依据：____________ 6. I thanked the student (who / whose) notes were clear. 依据：____________ 五、信息整合：把重复内容变成清楚的介绍 根据提示，用定语从句把每组信息合并为一句。 1. The girl is our monitor. She welcomed me at the gate. → __________________________________________________________ 2. I joined the reading club. My friend recommended the club. → __________________________________________________________ 3. This is the makerspace. Students build robots there. → __________________________________________________________ 4. I will never forget my first English class. We played a name game in that class. → __________________________________________________________ 5. Mr Chen teaches science. His lessons include many experiments. → __________________________________________________________ 六、长句拆解：先抓主干，再读标签 按“主干—先行词—定语从句—关系词作用”拆解句子。 1. The student who is speaking to the head teacher won the writing competition. 主干：________________ 先行词：________ 定语从句：________________ 作用：________ 2. Our school library, which opened last year, offers a quiet reading area. 主干：________________ 先行词：________ 定语从句：________________ 作用：________ 3. The science club that I joined in September holds an experiment every Friday. 主干：________________ 先行词：________ 定语从句：________________ 作用：________ 七、微阅读：判断信息是“确定对象”还是“补充说明” Our school has two gardens. The garden that lies behind the library is used for science lessons. Students observe plants there and record their growth. The other garden, which opened this spring, is a place for reading and conversation. 1. 哪个从句帮助读者从两座花园中确定对象？________________________________ 2. 哪个从句只是补充新信息？________________________________ 3. 第二个从句前为什么有逗号？________________________________ 八、翻译巩固：把重要信息放到名词后 1. 在校门口欢迎我的女生是我们的班长。 ______________________________________________ 2. 我喜欢你昨天推荐的那本书。 ______________________________________________ 3. 创客空间是我们制作机器人的地方。 ______________________________________________ 4. 我不会忘记我们第一次交换想法的那一天。 ______________________________________________ 5. 李老师的课堂充满实验，他给我留下了深刻印象。 ______________________________________________ 6. 学校新建的阅读角为想在午休时安静阅读的学生提供了一个舒适空间。 ______________________________________________ 九、语篇应用一：新生校园导览 阅读短文，在1—3题填入适当的关系词；完成4—5题。 On Friday, our monitor led us on a campus tour. We first visited the hall 1.________ new students meet for school events. Then we entered a lab 2.________ has modern equipment. Ms Wu, 3.________ teaches biology, showed us how to use it safely. The tour helped us find places and understand the people around us. 4. 第2空的关系词在从句中作什么成分？________ 5. 用一句中文概括校园导览给新生带来的帮助。____________________________ 十、语篇应用二：一次有温度的社团招新 阅读短文，按要求完成任务。 The Welcome Club helps students who are new to the school. Last week, its members held an activity in the room where we usually have class meetings. Each newcomer received a card that listed three conversation starters. Leo, whose first language is Spanish, used the card to begin a friendly talk. He later said the activity made him feel at home. 1. 圈出文中4个先行词，并在横线上依次写出：________________________________ 2. 找出一个关系词作主语的定语从句：________________________________ 3. 找出一个关系词作地点状语的定语从句：________________________________ 4. 将 Leo, whose first language is Spanish 译成中文：________________________ 5. Why did the activity help Leo? ________________________________________ 十一、任务输出：制作“新生校园推荐卡” 选择一位校园人物、一个校园地点或一个社团，写4—5句推荐语。至少使用2个定语从句，其中一个说明“是哪一个”，另一个补充额外信息。 推荐对象：________________ 推荐理由：________________________________ 1. ____________________________________________________________ 2. ____________________________________________________________ 3. ____________________________________________________________ 4. ____________________________________________________________ 5. ____________________________________________________________ 自查：□ 找到了先行词 □ 检查了从句成分 □ 关系词使用正确 □ 信息真实清楚 十二、学习反思 今天最能帮助我判断关系词的一步是：____________________________ 我仍需复习：□ who/which/that □ whose □ where/when/why □ 逗号后的从句 初升高英语暑假衔接学习手册 · 第5讲 · 第 1 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $