摘要:
本讲义聚焦身体不适(ill, headache等)与健康生活(exercise, healthy等)核心词汇,系统梳理一般现在时描述身体状况、should/shouldn't提建议、be going to表打算的语法点,通过词汇分类精讲、句型分层训练、语法详解及发音指导,构建从输入到输出的学习支架。
以“健康小顾问”情景对话、“我的健康计划”综合展示等活动提升语言运用能力,文化拓展融合中外健康理念培养文化意识,课堂练习与易错点提示助力思维品质发展。课中辅助教师互动教学,课后通过知识网络、家长辅导指南帮助学生巩固,有效查漏补缺。
内容正文:
人教版PEP《英语》六年级上册(2024新教材)
Unit 3 Healthy life — 讲义
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一、教学目标
【知识目标】能听、说、读、写身体不适与健康生活的核心词汇(ill, hurt, headache, fever, cough, medicine, rest, exercise, healthy 等);掌握一般现在时描述身体状况、be going to 表打算、should/shouldn't 提建议。
【能力目标】能用 What's wrong? / How do you feel? 询问身体状况,用 I feel... / My... hurts 描述;能用 You should... 提健康建议;能用 be going to 说明下一步打算。
【情感目标】树立健康第一的意识,养成规律作息、适量运动、均衡饮食的好习惯,学会关心他人身体。
【文化目标】了解中外都倡导的健康生活方式(早睡早起、多运动、少吃垃圾食品),体会'身体是革命的本钱'。
二、课前导入
同学们,你有没有过头疼、发烧、咳嗽不舒服的时候?生病时我们会怎么做,又该给别人什么建议?健康的生活离不开好习惯:早睡早起、多运动、多喝水、少吃垃圾食品。这个单元'Healthy life(健康生活)',我们要学会用英语说清'我哪里不舒服''我打算去看医生''你应该多休息',做自己和家人的健康小顾问!
思考问题:
身体不舒服时,你会怎么用英语说'我头疼'?
如果同学感冒了,你能给他哪些健康建议(用 You should...)?
三、Story time 课文
场景一:教室里,老师关心生病的 Sam
Miss White: What's wrong, Sam? You look pale.(怎么了,山姆?你看起来脸色苍白。)
Sam: I don't feel well. My head hurts and I have a fever.(我感觉不舒服。我头疼,还发烧了。)
Miss White: I'm sorry to hear that. You should see a doctor.(听到这个我很难过。你应该去看医生。)
Sam: My mum is going to take me to hospital this afternoon.(我妈妈今天下午打算带我去医院。)
Miss White: Good. And you should drink more water and have a rest.(很好。你还应该多喝水、好好休息。)
📝 词汇注释:
What's wrong? 怎么了?(询问身体/问题);hurt 疼,主语单数用 hurts。
should + 动词原形(提建议);be going to + 动词原形(表打算)。
场景二:Amy 和 Chen Jie 谈健康习惯
Amy: How do you keep healthy, Chen Jie?(陈杰,你是怎么保持健康的?)
Chen Jie: I exercise every day and eat lots of vegetables.(我每天锻炼,还吃很多蔬菜。)
Amy: That's great. I often stay up late. What should I do?(太好了。我经常熬夜,我该怎么办?)
Chen Jie: You shouldn't stay up late. You should go to bed early.(你不应该熬夜。你应该早点睡觉。)
Amy: OK. I'm going to make a healthy plan from today.(好的。我打算从今天起制定一个健康计划。)
📝 词汇注释:
exercise 锻炼(动词/名词);keep healthy 保持健康。
shouldn't = should not,提出'不应该'的建议。
课文完整翻译:
教室里,怀特老师看到山姆脸色苍白,关切地问怎么了。山姆说他不舒服,头疼还发烧。老师建议他去看医生,山姆说妈妈下午会带他去医院,老师又叮嘱他多喝水、好好休息。另一边,艾米向陈杰请教如何保持健康,陈杰说他每天锻炼、多吃蔬菜;艾米常熬夜,陈杰建议她不要熬夜、早点睡,艾米决定从今天起制定健康计划。
四、人物介绍
人物
身份
特点描述
Sam
学生
生病头疼发烧,需要就医和休息。
Miss White
老师
关心学生健康,善于给出合理建议。
Amy
学生
有熬夜习惯,愿意改进、制定健康计划。
Chen Jie
学生
坚持锻炼、饮食均衡,健康生活的榜样。
五、重点词汇精讲
【身体不适类】
单词/短语
音标
释义
例句
ill
/ɪl/
生病的
I feel ill today.
hurt
/hɜːt/
疼痛;受伤
My head hurts.
headache
/ˈhedeɪk/
头疼
I have a headache.
fever
/ˈfiːvə(r)/
发烧
He has a fever.
cough
/kɒf/
咳嗽
She has a bad cough.
medicine
/ˈmedsn/
药
Take the medicine as directed by your doctor.
see a doctor
/siː ə ˈdɒktə/
看医生
You should see a doctor.
【健康习惯类】
单词/短语
音标
释义
例句
healthy
/ˈhelθi/
健康的
Keep healthy!
exercise
/ˈeksəsaɪz/
锻炼;运动
I exercise every day.
rest
/rest/
休息
You should have a rest.
vegetable
/ˈvedʒtəbl/
蔬菜
Eat more vegetables.
early
/ˈɜːli/
早地
Go to bed early.
stay up late
/steɪ ʌp leɪt/
熬夜
Don't stay up late.
should / shouldn't
/ʃʊd/
应该/不应该
You should drink water.
be going to
/bi ˈɡəʊɪŋ tu/
打算;将要
I'm going to see a doctor.
六、句型精讲
句型1:What's wrong? / How do you feel? — I feel... / My... hurts.
询问并描述身体状况。用一般现在时描述当前感受;身体部位作主语,单数用 hurts。
例句:
→ —What's wrong? —I feel ill. My head hurts.
→ —How do you feel now? —I feel better.
💡 提示:My head hurts.(单数 head 用 hurts);My legs hurt.(复数 legs 用 hurt)。
句型2:You should / shouldn't + 动词原形.
用情态动词 should 提建议,shouldn't 表'不应该',后面都接动词原形,无人称变化。
例句:
→ You should drink more water.
→ You shouldn't stay up late.
💡 提示:should 对所有人称都一样,后面永远接动词原形。
句型3:主语 + be going to + 动词原形(表打算).
be going to 表示计划或打算做某事。be 随主语变(am/is/are),后接动词原形。
例句:
→ I'm going to see a doctor.
→ She is going to make a healthy plan.
💡 提示:问句:What are you going to do? 把 be 提到主语前。
七、语法详解
一般现在时描述身体状况
描述当前的健康感受用一般现在时。主语为 I/you/we/they 时动词用原形(I feel ill);主语为第三人称单数或单数身体部位时动词加 -s/-es(My head hurts. He has a fever.)。否定用 don't/doesn't + 动词原形。
示例:
→ I feel ill.
→ My head hurts.
→ He doesn't feel well.
情态动词 should 与 be going to
should(应该)用于提建议,shouldn't 表'不应该',后接动词原形,不随人称变化。be going to(打算)表示根据计划或迹象将要做的事,结构为'主语+am/is/are going to+动词原形'。二者常配合使用:先提建议,再说打算。
示例:
→ You should have a rest.
→ You shouldn't eat too much junk food.
→ I'm going to take some medicine.
八、发音指导
本单元语音:升降调(Intonation) 要点:一般疑问句用升调(↗),陈述句和特殊疑问句用降调(↘)
句子读得对不对,语调很关键。一般疑问句(Yes/No 问句)句末用升调;陈述句、特殊疑问句(What/How 等开头)句末用降调。用箭头标出下面句子的语调,读一读感受不同。
示例/句子
语音标注
说明
Do you feel ill? ↗
升调 ↗
一般疑问句句末升调
I have a fever. ↘
降调 ↘
陈述句句末降调
What's wrong? ↘
降调 ↘
特殊疑问句句末降调
Should I see a doctor? ↗
升调 ↗
征求意见的问句升调
九、课堂活动
活动1:健康小顾问
活动说明:同桌一人说身体不适,另一人用 You should... 给建议。
操作步骤:
A 说一个身体问题(I have a headache)。
B 用 You should... / You shouldn't... 给两条建议。
A 用 I'm going to... 回应打算怎么做。
交换角色再来一轮。
活动类型:情景对话
活动2:我的健康计划
活动说明:用 be going to 制定一份一周健康计划并展示。
操作步骤:
列出 3-4 个健康目标(早睡、运动、多喝水等)。
用 I'm going to... 写成句子。
上台介绍你的健康计划。
全班评'最棒健康达人'。
活动类型:综合展示
十、课堂练习
1. [选择填空] — What's wrong? — My head ____.
A. hurt
B. hurts
C. hurting
2. [选择填空] You look tired. You ____ have a good rest.
A. should
B. shouldn't
C. are
3. [选择填空] Don't worry. I'm going to ____ a doctor.
A. see
B. saw
C. sees
4. [选择填空] You shouldn't ____ up late. It's bad for your health.
A. stays
B. stayed
C. stay
5. [选择填空] — How ____ she feel now? — She feels better.
A. do
B. does
C. is
6. [用所给词适当形式填空] My mum ____ (be) going to take me to hospital this afternoon.
7. [句型转换] You should stay up late.(改为否定建议)
8. [连词成句] should / you / water / drink / more (. )
课堂练习答案与解析
答案:B
解析:My head 是单数第三人称,一般现在时动词加 -s,用 hurts。
答案:A
解析:累了应该休息,用 should 提建议。
答案:A
解析:be going to 后接动词原形 see。
答案:C
解析:shouldn't 后接动词原形 stay。
答案:B
解析:主语 she 第三人称单数,一般现在时助动词用 does。
6. 答案:is
解析:主语 my mum 是单数,be going to 中 be 用 is。
7. 答案:You shouldn't stay up late.
解析:should 的否定直接加 not,缩写 shouldn't,后接动词原形。
8. 答案:You should drink more water.
解析:主语 you + should + 动词原形 drink + more water。
十一、易错点提示
易错点1
❌ My head hurt.
✅ My head hurts.
📝 主语 head 是单数第三人称,一般现在时动词要加 -s。
易错点2
❌ You should to see a doctor.
✅ You should see a doctor.
📝 should 后直接接动词原形,不加 to。
易错点3
❌ I'm going to sees a doctor.
✅ I'm going to see a doctor.
📝 be going to 后接动词原形 see,不加 -s。
十二、课后作业
必做作业:
听读 Unit 3 课文三遍,圈出所有 should / shouldn't / be going to 的句子。
用 You should... / You shouldn't... 写 5 条健康建议。
挑战作业(选做):
用 be going to 写一份'我的一周健康计划'(不少于 5 句)。
家长配合建议:
请家长和孩子互相扮演'病人'和'医生',用英语一问一答(What's wrong? You should...)。
十三、知识网络
知识类别
核心内容
示例
描述状况
一般现在时:I feel... / My... hurts
I feel ill. My head hurts.
提建议
should / shouldn't + 动词原形
You should have a rest.
表打算
be going to + 动词原形
I'm going to see a doctor.
语音
升降调:Yes/No 问句升调,陈述句降调
Do you feel ill? ↗ I have a fever. ↘
单元主题
Healthy life 健康习惯、关爱身体
Keep healthy every day!
十四、文化拓展
'早睡早起身体好''饭后百步走,活到九十九'——中华养生智慧与现代健康理念不谋而合。世界卫生组织也倡导均衡饮食、规律运动、充足睡眠。本单元让孩子从小认识到:健康是一切的基础,好习惯要趁早养成。
十五、拓展阅读
How to Keep Healthy
It's important to keep healthy. First, you should eat healthy food, like vegetables and fruit. You shouldn't eat too much junk food. Second, you should exercise every day. Running and playing ball games are good. Third, you should go to bed early and get enough sleep. You shouldn't stay up late. If you feel ill, you should see a doctor. A healthy life makes us happy!
参考翻译:
保持健康很重要。首先,你应该吃健康食物,比如蔬菜和水果,不应该吃太多垃圾食品。其次,你应该每天锻炼,跑步和球类运动都很好。第三,你应该早睡、保证充足睡眠,不应该熬夜。如果感到不舒服,应该去看医生。健康的生活让我们快乐!
阅读理解:
1. What food should we eat?
2. What shouldn't we do at night?
3. What should we do if we feel ill?
阅读理解参考答案
1. We should eat vegetables and fruit.
2. We shouldn't stay up late.
3. We should see a doctor.
十六、家长辅导指南
本单元语法点较多(一般现在时描述状况、should 建议、be going to 打算),是六上的重难点。家长辅导时可结合日常生活,把语法用起来,而不是死记规则。
具体辅导建议:
孩子说身体不舒服时,顺势用英语问 What's wrong? 引导他答 My... hurts。
用 should/shouldn't 和孩子聊生活习惯,如 You should go to bed early。
区分 should(应该,接原形)和 be going to(打算,接原形),多造句对比。
朗读时提醒孩子注意语调:Yes/No 问句升调,陈述句降调。
和孩子一起制定并执行一份真实的健康计划,语言和习惯双丰收。
十七、本单元词汇总表
单词/短语
音标
词性
释义
ill
/ɪl/
adj.
生病的
hurt
/hɜːt/
v.
疼痛;受伤
headache
/ˈhedeɪk/
n.
头疼
fever
/ˈfiːvə(r)/
n.
发烧
cough
/kɒf/
n./v.
咳嗽
medicine
/ˈmedsn/
n.
药
healthy
/ˈhelθi/
adj.
健康的
exercise
/ˈeksəsaɪz/
v./n.
锻炼;运动
rest
/rest/
n./v.
休息
vegetable
/ˈvedʒtəbl/
n.
蔬菜
early
/ˈɜːli/
adv.
早地
feel
/fiːl/
v.
感觉
should
/ʃʊd/
modal v.
应该
shouldn't
/ˈʃʊdnt/
modal v.
不应该
well
/wel/
adj./adv.
健康的;好地
hospital
/ˈhɒspɪtl/
n.
医院
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