Unit 6 Nurturing nature 现在完成进行时（核心语法精练）英语外研版选择性必修第一册

**基本信息** 聚焦现在完成进行时，构建“基础应用-语篇综合-实际表达”三阶训练体系，通过多样化题型培养语言运用能力与语境分析思维。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |考点夯基|30题单词填空+10题完成句子|直接考查时态结构“have/has been doing”，强调动作持续性|从核心概念（动作持续）到基础形式应用，强化时态构成理解| |综合提升|3篇语法填空+1篇阅读+1篇写作|语篇中时态判断、语境理解及实际表达，结合真题情境|从单一语法应用过渡到语篇综合运用，提升语言能力与思维品质|

Unit 6核心语法精练 （现在完成进行时） 目录 1 二、考点夯基 2 一、用单词的适当形式填空（基础通关） 3 二、完成句子 8 三、综合提升 9 一、语法填空（模考真题） 9 二、阅读理解（模考真题） 13 三、应用文写作（模考真题）.........................................................................................................................15 现在完成进行时 1、 用单词的适当形式填空（基础通关） 1.The little boy is dirty from head to foot because he __________ (play) in the garden all morning. 【答案】has been playing 【解析】考查现在完成进行时。句意：这个小男孩从头到脚都很脏，因为他整个上午都在花园里玩。根据all morning可知，动作从过去开始一直持续到现在，并且刚刚结束，对现在造成“身上很脏”的影响，应用现在完成进行时。故填has been playing。 2.I __________ (wait) for you for three hours. Where have you been? 【答案】have been waiting 【解析】考查现在完成进行时。句意：我已经等了你三个小时了。你去哪儿了？for three hours表示动作从过去持续到现在，且强调“一直在等”的过程，应用现在完成进行时。故填have been waiting。 3.She __________ (learn) English for two years and she does well in it. 【答案】 has learned 【解析】考查现在完成时。句意：她学英语已经两年了，学得很好。for two years表示动作持续了一段时间，强调学了两年的成果，而非过程。故填has learned。 4.You must be tired now since you __________ (work) for five hours. 【答案】have been working 【解析】考查现在完成进行时。句意：既然你已经工作了五个小时，你现在一定很累了。for five hours表示动作从过去持续到现在，且强调“一直在工作”的过程，应用现在完成进行时。故填have been working。 5.Tom __________ (talk) about his wonderful experience during the holiday without noticing the time. 【答案】has been talking 【解析】考查现在完成进行时。句意：汤姆一直在谈论假期中的精彩经历，没有注意到时间。根据语境，动作从过去开始一直持续到现在（还在说），强调动作的延续性，应用现在完成进行时。故填has been talking。 6.The telephone __________ (ring) for almost a minute. Why doesn’t someone answer it? 【答案】has been ringing 【解析】考查现在完成进行时。句意：电话已经响了快一分钟了。为什么没人接？for almost a minute表示动作从过去持续到现在，且强调“一直在响”的过程，应用现在完成进行时。故填has been ringing。 7.I __________ (clean) the classroom for three hours. That’s why I feel tired now. 【答案】have been cleaning 【解析】考查现在完成进行时。句意：我已经打扫教室三个小时了。这就是我现在感到累的原因。for three hours表示动作从过去持续到现在，强调“一直在打扫”的过程，应用现在完成进行时。故填have been cleaning。 8.She __________ (perform) concerts every day since last month. 【答案】has been performing 【解析】考查现在完成进行时。句意：自上个月以来，她每天都在举行音乐会。since last month表示动作从过去开始持续到现在，且every day表示重复发生，应用现在完成进行时。故填has been performing。 9.I __________ (look) for a job for three months, but I haven’t had any luck. 【答案】have been looking 【解析】考查现在完成进行时。句意：我已经找了三个月的工作了，但一直没有什么好运。for three months表示动作从过去持续到现在，强调“一直在找”的过程，应用现在完成进行时。故填have been looking。 10.People in Amsterdam __________ (enjoy) the benefits of cycling for years. 【答案】have been enjoying 【解析】考查现在完成进行时。句意：阿姆斯特丹的人们多年来一直享受着骑自行车的好处。for years表示动作从过去持续到现在且可能继续，强调持续的过程，应用现在完成进行时。故填have been enjoying。 11.Over the past several years, he __________ (devote) himself to protecting the environment. 【答案】has been devoting 【解析】考查现在完成进行时。句意：在过去的几年里，他一直致力于保护环境。Over the past several years表示从过去持续到现在的动作，且“致力于”这一状态还在持续，应用现在完成进行时。故填has been devoting。 12.I __________ (try) to qualify for the swimming team for three years, but I still can’t quite make the cut. 【答案】have been trying 【解析】考查现在完成进行时。句意：三年来我一直在努力获得游泳队的资格，但我仍然没有完全通过。for three years和still表示动作从过去持续到现在且还在继续，强调“一直在努力”的过程，应用现在完成进行时。故填have been trying。 13.Mark __________ (work) really hard on his book and he thinks he’ll have finished it by Friday. 【答案】has been working 【解析】考查现在完成进行时。句意：马克一直在非常努力地写他的书，他认为他将在周五前完成。根据语境，写书从过去开始持续到现在且仍在继续（因为还没完成），应用现在完成进行时。故填has been working。 14.The fans __________ (wait) for the famous star for 3 hours. 【答案】have been waiting 【解析】考查现在完成进行时。句意：粉丝们已经等了这位明星三个小时了。for 3 hours表示动作从过去持续到现在，且强调“一直在等”的过程，应用现在完成进行时。故填have been waiting。 15.I __________ (wrestle) with this physics problem for a whole morning, but I haven’t worked it out. 【答案】have been wrestling 【解析】考查现在完成进行时。句意：我整个上午都在努力解决这个物理问题，但还没有算出来。for a whole morning表示动作从过去持续到现在，强调“一直在努力解决”的过程，应用现在完成进行时。故填have been wrestling。 16.Your child __________ (look) for an opportunity to climb out of the window all day long. 【答案】has been looking 【解析】考查现在完成进行时。句意：你的孩子一整天都在找机会从窗户爬出去。all day long表示动作从过去持续到现在，强调“一直在找”的过程，应用现在完成进行时。故填has been looking。 17.Over the past five years, Martin __________ (try) to teach an endangered language to the next generation despite all the difficulties. 【答案】has been trying 【解析】考查现在完成进行时。句意：在过去的五年里，马丁一直在努力向下一代教授一门濒危语言，尽管困难重重。Over the past five years表示从过去持续到现在的动作，且“努力”的动作还在继续，应用现在完成进行时。故填has been trying。 18.Judith __________ (work) on her new novel which is supposed to come out next month. 【答案】has been working 【解析】考查现在完成进行时。句意：朱迪思一直在写她的新小说，这本小说预计下个月出版。根据语境，写小说从过去开始持续到现在且仍在继续（因为还没出版），应用现在完成进行时。故填has been working。 19.She __________ (consider) going back to school, but she hasn’t decided yet. 【答案】has been considering 【解析】考查现在完成进行时。句意：她一直在考虑回学校深造，但还没有决定。根据but she hasn’t decided yet可知，consider的动作从过去开始一直持续到现在，且可能继续，应用现在完成进行时。故填has been considering。 20.He __________ (cycle) to work for the last three weeks. 【答案】has been cycling 【解析】考查现在完成进行时。句意：在过去的三个星期里，他一直骑自行车上班。for the last three weeks表示从过去持续到现在的动作，且可能继续，强调“一直骑自行车”的过程，应用现在完成进行时。故填has been cycling。 21.She __________ (write) her graduation paper all day long. 【答案】has been writing 【解析】考查现在完成进行时。句意：她一整天都在写毕业论文。all day long表示动作从过去持续到现在，强调“一直在写”的过程，应用现在完成进行时。故填has been writing。 22.I __________ (write) the book all year and am hoping to finish it soon. 【答案】have been writing 【解析】考查现在完成进行时。句意：这本书我写了一整年，希望很快写完。all year和am hoping表示动作从过去持续到现在且仍在继续，强调“一直在写”的过程，应用现在完成进行时。故填have been writing。 23.Since that unfortunate accident last week I __________ (sleep) badly. 【答案】have been sleeping 【解析】考查现在完成进行时。句意：自从上周那次不幸的事故以来，我一直睡得不好。Since last week表示动作从过去持续到现在，强调“一直睡得不好”的状态持续，应用现在完成进行时。故填have been sleeping。 24.New recruits __________ (undergo) training in recent weeks. 【答案】have been undergoing 【解析】考查现在完成进行时。句意：新兵们在最近几周一直在接受训练。in recent weeks表示从过去持续到现在的动作，且“接受训练”还在继续，应用现在完成进行时。故填have been undergoing。 25.People __________ (bring) their children in to see the hens and residents come and sit outside to watch them. 【答案】have been bringing 【解析】考查现在完成进行时。句意：人们一直带着孩子来看母鸡，居民们也来坐在外面看。根据语境，动作从过去开始持续到现在，且强调“反复带孩子们来”的过程，应用现在完成进行时。故填have been bringing。 26.We __________ (discuss) the project for two hours. Let’s take a break. 【答案】have been discussing 【解析】考查现在完成进行时。句意：我们已经讨论这个项目两个小时了。我们休息一下吧。for two hours表示动作从过去持续到现在，且Let’s take a break暗示讨论仍在进行中，应用现在完成进行时。故填have been discussing。 27.In the past one hour, the fire __________ (extend) almost to the top floor, with residents crowding into roof exit. 【答案】has been extending 【解析】考查现在完成进行时。句意：在过去的一个小时里，火势几乎蔓延到了顶楼，居民们纷纷涌入屋顶的出口。In the past one hour表示从过去持续到现在的动作，且“火势蔓延”还在进行中，应用现在完成进行时。故填has been extending。 28.It seems that the water from this tap __________ (run) for some time. We have to take it apart to put it right. 【答案】has been running 【解析】考查现在完成进行时。句意：这个水龙头的水好像已经流了一段时间了。我们必须把它拆开才能修好。for some time和We have to take it apart表示水一直在流且还在流，应用现在完成进行时。故填has been running。 29.Many scientists say that the number of wild animals __________ (get) smaller and smaller in the past few years. 【答案】has been getting 【解析】考查现在完成进行时。句意：许多科学家说，在过去的几年里，野生动物的数量越来越少。in the past few years表示从过去持续到现在的动作，且“越来越少”的变化趋势还在继续，应用现在完成进行时。故填has been getting。 30.It’s hard to tell exactly how many people agree with him, but research indicates that the numbers __________ (rise) for some time. 【答案】have been rising 【解析】考查现在完成进行时。句意：很难确切地说有多少人同意他的观点，但研究表明，这一数字已经上升了一段时间。for some time表示动作从过去持续到现在，且“上升”的趋势还在继续，应用现在完成进行时。故填have been rising。 2、 完成句子 根据提示，完成句子。 1.—Isn’t it hard to drive to downtown to work? —Yes, that’s why I __________ (一直坐火车) to work by train. 【答案】have been going 【解析】考查现在完成进行时。句意：——开车到市中心去上班不是很难吗？——是的，这就是为什么我一直坐火车去上班。根据语境，强调从过去到现在一直采取“坐火车”的方式，应用现在完成进行时。 2.Tom __________ (一直在等) for Linda for an hour at the school gate but she still hasn’t come. 【答案】has been waiting 【解析】考查现在完成进行时。句意：汤姆在学校门口等琳达已经一个小时了，但她还没来。for an hour和still hasn’t come表示动作从过去持续到现在且还在继续，应用现在完成进行时。 3.You can hardly expect a pay-rise when you __________ (才工作了) for the company for only two weeks. 【答案】have been working 【解析】考查现在完成进行时。句意：你在这家公司才工作了两个星期，就很难指望加薪了。for only two weeks表示动作从过去持续到现在，强调“才工作了两周”这一过程，应用现在完成进行时。 4.I __________ (一直在考虑) what to do next move these days. 【答案】have been considering 【解析】考查现在完成进行时。句意：这些天我一直在考虑下一步该做什么。These days表示从过去持续到现在的动作，且“考虑”还在继续，应用现在完成进行时。 5.The company __________ (一直承诺) a rise in salary for ages, but nothing has happened yet. 【答案】has been promising 【解析】考查现在完成进行时。句意：这家公司多年来一直承诺加薪，但现在什么也没发生。for ages表示动作从过去持续到现在，强调“一直在承诺”的过程，且含有感情色彩（失望），应用现在完成进行时。 6.Since 1996, the Boys and Girls Club which he started in Chicago __________ (一直在帮助) young people. 【答案】has been helping 【解析】考查现在完成进行时。句意：自1996年以来，他在芝加哥创办的男孩女孩俱乐部一直在帮助年轻人。Since 1996表示动作从过去持续到现在且还在继续，应用现在完成进行时。 7.Geneticists __________ (一直在尝试) to identify which genes relate to which diseases. 【答案】have been trying 【解析】考查现在完成进行时。句意：遗传学家一直在试图确定哪些基因与哪些疾病有关。根据语境，动作从过去持续到现在且可能继续，强调“一直在尝试”的过程，应用现在完成进行时。 8.I __________ (一直在找) myself more in moments of quietness, taking time for contemplation of the world around me. 【答案】have been finding 【解析】考查现在完成进行时。句意：我发现自己更多的是在安静的时刻，花时间沉思我周围的世界。根据语境，动作从过去持续到现在，强调“不断发现自己”的反复过程，应用现在完成进行时。 9.Doctors __________ (一直在努力) for many years to know how to solve the medical problem. 【答案】have been struggling 【解析】考查现在完成进行时。句意：多年来，医生们一直在努力了解如何解决这个医学问题。for many years表示动作从过去持续到现在，且“努力”还在继续，应用现在完成进行时。 10.People __________ (一直在涌入) into stadiums for various reasons since the days of ancient Greece. 【答案】have been pouring 【解析】考查现在完成进行时。句意：从古希腊时代起，人们就因各种原因涌入体育场。since the days of ancient Greece表示动作从过去持续到现在，且可能继续，应用现在完成进行时。 一、语法填空 A （25-26高二下·陕西·月考）阅读下面的短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A skywell, or “tian jing” in Chinese, is ____1____ typical feature of a traditional home in Southern and Eastern China. They are commonly seen in homes ____2____ (date) back to the Ming and Qing dynasties, which were designed to house different generations of relatives. Despite their ____3____ (vary) sizes and designs, these skywells are typically square and located in the heart of the house. They serve to allow in light, enhance airflow, and harvest rainwater. Since decades ago, the government ____4____ (advocate) green buildings, promoting environmentally friendly practice. The increased interest towards traditional Chinese architecture is leading ____5____ the restoration of historic buildings with skywells for modern use. Architects are also looking towards the principles behind skywells while designing new buildings to save energy. For example, the Dongguan TBA Tower in Guangdong Province ____6____ (bring) natural airflows into every floor with internal “windpipes”____7____ functions are similar to those of skywells. The aim is to keep the building’s temperature comfortable in all seasons, using only natural airflow. The fact ____8____ skywells still exist today shows how clever ancient builders were in using nature’s ____9____ (element) to create energy-sufficient and sustainable living spaces. These timeless architectural wonders continue to inspire architects ____10____ (find) green solutions for cooling homes and buildings. 【答案】1．a 2．dating 3．various/varied 4．has advocated 5．to 6．brings 7．whose 8．that 9．elements 10．to find 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了天井的历史以及在现代的应用。 1．考查冠词。句意：天井(又称“tian jing”)是中国南方和东部传统住宅的典型特征。根据句意以及空后feature为单数名词可知，此处为表示泛指“一个典型特征”，结合typical为首音节辅音单词，所以为不定冠词a的填入。故填a。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：它们在明清时期的房屋中很常见，这些房屋是为不同世代的亲戚设计的。该句谓语为are，所以此处为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰homes，homes和date为主动关系，所以为现在分词形式。故填dating。 3．考查形容词。句意：尽管它们的大小和设计各不相同，但这些天井通常是方形的，位于房屋的中心。由空后sizes and designs为名词短语可知，此处为形容词various/varied“各种各样的”作定语修饰该名词短语。故填various/varied。 4．考查动词时态和语态。句意：从几十年前开始，政府就提倡绿色建筑，提倡环保的做法。此处为谓语动词的填入，根据Since decades ago时间状语可知，此处为现在完成时，主语the government为单数名词，所以为动词三单形式。故填has advocated。 5．考查固定短语。句意：人们对中国传统建筑的兴趣日益浓厚，这导致了对带有天井的历史建筑进行修复，以供现代使用。此处为固定短语lead to“导致”，满足句意要求。故填to。 6．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：例如，广东省东莞TBA大厦通过内部“气管”将自然气流引入每层，其功能类似于天井。此处为谓语动词的填入，根据上下文时态可知，此处为一般现在时，主语the Dongguan TBA Tower为单数名词，所以为动词三单形式。故填brings。 7．考查定语从句。句意：例如，广东省东莞TBA大厦通过内部“气管”将自然气流引入每层，其功能类似于天井。分析句子可知，此处为关系代词whose引导的定语从句，先行词windpipes在从句中作functions的定语成分。故填whose。 8．考查同位语从句。句意：事实上，今天仍然存在的天井表明，古代的建筑者是多么聪明，他们利用自然的元素来创造能源充足和可持续的生活空间。分析句子可知，此处为that引导的同位语从句，从句成分完整，为对先行词fact的解释和说明。故填that。 9．考查名词复数形式。句意：事实上，今天仍然存在的天井表明，古代的建筑者是多么聪明，他们利用自然的元素来创造能源充足和可持续的生活空间。element“元素”为可数名词，结合句意可知，此处为名词复数形式。故填elements。 10．考查动词不定式。句意：这些永恒的建筑奇迹不断激励着建筑师们为制冷房屋和建筑寻找绿色解决方案。此处为动词短语inspire sb to do sth“激励某人做某事”，所以此处为动词不定式形式。故填to find。 B （25-26高二上·福建·月考）阅读下面短文，在空白处填写1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In a rare and awe-inspiring event,a white bison calf(野牛幼崽)was born in Yellowstone National Park's Lamar Valley.This extraordinary occurrence ____1____ (witness) by park visitor and wildlife photographer Erin Braten, ____2____ happened to be at the right place at the right time. Braten, a resident of Kalispell, Montana,visits Yellowstone a few times each year, but she never imagined she would witness such a rare and ____3____ (symbol) moment. Stopping to admire the calf and its mother, Braten managed ____4____ (take) some incredible photos from a safe and respectful distance. The significance of a white bison calf is ____5____ (deep) rooted in Native American culture particularly among the Lakota people.According to Lakota legend,the birth of a white bison calf promises better times ahead. The legend ____6____ (tell) of a time around 2,000 years ago when food was not enough and bison were disappearing. White Bison Calf Woman appeared, ____7____ (present) a sacred pipe and a bundle(包袱)to the Lakota people, teaching them how to pray and and bring bison to the area for food. As she left, she transformed into ____8____white bison calf. The birth of the calf may “reflect the presence of a natural genetic legacy that was preserved in Yellowstone's bison” that has been revealed thanks to the successful ____9____ (recover) of the animal’s population in the park. Troy Heinert, the executive director of the South Dakota-based Inter Tribal. Bison Council, sees the calf’s birth ____10____a reminder “that we need to live in a good way and treat others with respect.” 【答案】1.was witnessed 2.who 3.symbolic 4.to take 5.deeply 6.tells 7.presenting 8.a 9.recovery 10.as 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。本文记录了黄石公园一头珍稀白野牛幼崽的诞生及其文化意义。 1.was witnessed考查动词时态语态。句意：公园游客野生动物摄影师Erin Braten目睹了这一非同寻常的事件。 occurrence 与 witness之间是被动关系，且叙述过去发生的事。故填was witnessed。 2.who 考查定语从句。句意：公园游客野生动物摄影师Erin Braten目睹了这一非同寻常的事件，她碰巧在适当 的时间出现在适当的地点。此处引导非限制性定语从句，指代人。故填who。 3.symbolic 考查形容词。句意：Braaten是蒙大拿州卡利斯佩尔的居民，每年都会去黄石公园几次，但她从未想过自己会见证这样一个罕见的具有象征意义的时刻。此处修饰名词moment,应用形容词形式。故填symbolic。 4.to take考查不定式。句意：Braten停下来欣赏这只小牛和它的母亲，在安全和尊重的距离内拍摄了一些令人惊叹的照片。manage to do sth.设法做到某事。故填to take。 5.deeply 考查副词。句意：白野牛幼崽的意义深深植根于美洲原住民文化，尤其是拉科塔人。修饰动词rooted, 应 用副词形式。故填deeply。 6.tells 考查动词时态。句意：传说讲述大约2000年前的一段时间，当时食物短缺，野牛正在消失。此处客观叙述 该传说，应用一般现在时。故填tells。 7.presenting 考查现在分词。句意：白野牛女出现了，她向拉科塔人展示了一支神圣的烟斗和一个包袱，教他们如 何祈祷，并将野牛带回这个地区以维持生计。(注：烟斗仪式是一种原住民的祈祷仪式)。Woman与 present 之 间为主动关系，应用现在分词作状语。故填presenting。 8.a 考查冠词。句意：当她离开时，她变成了一头白色的小野牛。此处泛指，故填a。 9.recovery 考查名词。句意：小野牛的诞生可能“反映了黄石公园野牛中保存的自然遗传遗产的存在”,由于公园 内野牛数量的成功恢复，这种遗传遗产已经被揭示出来。此处指数量的恢复，应用recover的名词形式，故填 recovery。 10.as 考查介词。句意：海纳特认为，小野牛的出生提醒“我们需要以一种良好的方式生活，尊重他人。”此处为see...as... 结构，故填as。 C （25-26高二上·湖南·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Wake up early enough____1____, depending on where you live, you’ll likely hear a pleasant chorus of birds singing. But why? According to the Woodland Trust, this early singing is known____2____ the dawn chorus, and it can start as early as 4 am and last for several hours. Birds do it____3____(attract) mates and warn other birds to avoid their areas. By singing with passion, they’re letting other birds know they ____4____(survive) the night—no guarantee in nature—and would make for an excellent mate. Like a good recording studio, the early morning hours also allow birds to spread a clear tune ____5____(thank) to the cooler, drier air. The singing helps them be more ____6____(easy) identified by birds within listening distance. ____7____ used to be a popular theory that birds sang so much in the mornings because the sounds could travel ____8____(great) distances due to less atmospheric turbulence, but ____9____was denied by researchers at the University of Western Ontario in 2003. They played recordings of sparrows at dawn and midday. The songs didn’t travel farther, but they were more consistent. Because birds only have so much energy to sing aloud, singing when they stand the best chance of ____10____(hear) makes sense. For a bird, an early morning session is like having the perfect acoustic environment for their performance. 【答案】1. and 2. as 3. to attract 4. survived 5. thanks 6.easily 7. There 8. greater 9. it 10. being heard 【导语】这是一篇科普说明文，主要解释鸟类黎明合唱的现象，并探讨其背后的科学原因。 1.考查连词。句意：早起足够早，根据你住的地方不同，你很可能会听到一阵悦耳的鸟鸣声。此处为“祈使句 + and + 简单句”结构，表示条件与结果的关系。故填and。 2.考查介词。句意：根据Woodland Trust的说法，这种早期的鸣叫被称为黎明合唱。be known as 为固定搭配，表示“被称为；作为……而闻名”。故填as。 3.考查非谓语动词。句意：鸟类这样做是为了吸引配偶并警告其他鸟类避开它们的领地。此处用不定式作目的状语，表示鸣叫的目的。故填to attract。 4.考查时态。句意：通过充满激情地歌唱，它们让其他鸟类知道它们熬过了夜晚——在大自然中这并非理所当然——并且会成为优秀的伴侣。空处为宾语从句的谓语，根据后文 would make 可知，描述过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时。故填survived。 5.考查名词（固定搭配）。句意：就像一间好的录音室一样，清晨的时光也让鸟类能够借助更凉爽、更干燥的空气传播清晰的曲调。thanks to 为固定短语，意为“多亏了；由于”。故填thanks。 6.考查副词。句意：这种歌唱有助于它们更容易被听力范围内的鸟类识别。空处修饰动词 identified，应用副词形式作状语。故填easily。 7.考查存在句型。句意：曾经有一种流行的理论认为，鸟类在早晨如此多地鸣叫是因为声音在较少的大气湍流中可以传播更远的距离，但这一理论在2003年被西安大略大学的研究人员否定了。there used to be 为固定句型，表示“曾经有”。故填There（注意句首首字母大写）。 8.考查形容词比较级。句意：同上。根据后文 due to less atmospheric turbulence（由于较少的大气湍流）可知，此处暗含比较意义，应用比较级形式修饰 distances。故填greater。 9.考查代词。句意：同上。空处指代前文提到的“鸟类早晨鸣叫是因为声音能传播更远”这一理论，应用代词 it。故填it。 10.考查非谓语动词。句意：因为鸟类只有这么多能量来大声歌唱，所以当它们处于最有可能被听到的时候歌唱是有道理的。空处作介词 of 的宾语，应用动名词形式，且 birds 与 hear 之间为被动关系，应用动名词的被动式。故填being heard。 二、阅读理解 （25-26高二下·山东济宁·月考）Hair that is tightly coiled(盘绕) offers the best protection against the sun’s potentially damaging rays, which could explain why this trait evolved in early humans in Africa and straighter hair emerged as some humans moved into cooler areas. It has long been suggested that the reason our body hair became so fine that it is sometimes barely visible, while our scalp hair remained thick, is to prevent our heads from overheating in the sun. In our bipedal(双足行走的) ancestors, the beneficial shading effect of head hair may have outweighed its insulating effect. Tina Lasisi at Penn State University wondered if the type of hair on a person’s head also makes a difference. To learn more, Lasisi and her colleagues put three different wigs(假发) on a thermal manikin—a model of the human body with heaters and sensors that is used to measure the thermal effects of clothes. One of the three wigs was straight, one had moderate curls(卷) and one had tight curls. Lasisi says the tightly coiled wig was within the range of curl found in people of recent African ancestry. The team found that the hair’s type made a big difference to how much heat the head of the manikin gained from simulated sunshine at 30℃. The head with a straight wig gained less than half as much heat as a control head with no wig. The head wearing the moderately curled wig gained around a quarter as much heat and the head with the tightly curled wig gained less than a tenth as much as the no-wig control. The researchers think that the curls reduce how much heat reaches the skin by increasing the gap between it and the hair surface. Making straight hair longer doesn’t achieve this because it lies flat, says Lasisi. The team also found when wetting the manikins to simulate sweat, the head with no wig lost twice as much heat via evaporation as those with the wigs. However, having any head hair more than halves the amount of sweat required to prevent the head from gaining heat, with tightly coiled hair reducing this more than moderately curled or straight hair, the result shows. “Any mechanism that could help cool the body, and at the same time save precious water, would definitely have been acted on strongly by natural selection,” says Joseph Graves at North Carolina Agricultural & Technical State University. The study􀆳s findings are important because they could help change some people’s prejudiced views, says Graves. 1. What does the underlined word “trait” in Paragraph 1 mean? A. Curl. B. Feature. C. Situation. D. Essence. 2. What will Tina Lasisi probably agree with? A. The three wigs were made of hair from different races. B. The head with no wig gained the least amount of heat from the sun. C. Wearing long straight hair could reduce the heat reaching the skin. D. The head without a wig had the best cooling effect of sweating. 3. For what purpose was the research carried out? A. To gain insight into early humans. B. To prove all races are born equal. C. To clarify a question. D. To learn about the use of wigs. 4. What might be the best title of the passage? A. Curly Hair Protects Us from the Sun B. Curly Hair Evolves into Straight Hair C. Natural Selection Is What Really Counts D. A Study Changes Prejudiced Views 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. C 4. A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了和直发相比较,卷发能够保护人类,以及基于自然选择人类的头发会进化为不同的类型。 28. B　词义猜测题。this trait指代上文中的hair that is tightly coiled,并结合文本中的假发的类型可知选B。 29. D　细节理解题。根据第六段第一句中的the head with no wig lost twice as much heat via evaporation as those with the wigs可知,没戴假发,头部散热效果最好。 30. C　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句中的 wondered一词可知,研究者进行实验的目的是想搞清楚一个疑问。 31. A　标题归纳题。本文介绍了和直发相比较,卷发能够更好地保护人类少受太阳直射的危害,并能够更好地将水分保留在人体内,故A项为最佳标题。 三、应用文写作 （25-26高二上·湖南·期中）假定你是校英文广播站的小记者，上周你校组织了“认识自然灾害“的演讲比赛。请你写一篇短文报道此事，内容包括： 1.简要报道此活动；2.举办该活动的意义； 注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Last Friday witnessed a speech contest held in our school auditorium. The contest, which was themed “Get to know natural disasters”, was aimed to help students get a better understanding of various disasters, such as earthquakes，floods and storms as well as their potential impacts on the environment and people’s lives. Participants were rated by a panel of judges from the teaching staff. The top three students were presented with certificates and gifts in reward for their outstanding performances. This activity turned out to be a great success. Not only did it promote students’ awareness of disaster prevention but it also boosted their confidence in voicing their own opinions. 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生以校英文广播站小记者的身份就学校上周举办的“认识自然灾害” 演讲比赛写一篇报道，简要报道此活动并说明举办该活动的意义； 【详解】1.词汇和短语积累 见证：witness 学校礼堂：school auditorium 目的是：be aimed to do sth 参与者：participant 证书：certificate 作为对……的奖励：in reward for … 优秀表现：outstanding performance 2. 高分句型 【句型1】Last Friday witnessed a speech contest held in our school auditorium.（无灵主语） 【句型2】The contest, which was themed “Get to know natural disasters”, was aimed to help students get a better understanding of various disasters, such as earthquakes，floods and storms as well as their potential impacts on the environment and people’s lives.（非限制性定语从句） 【句型3】Not only did it promote students’ awareness of disaster prevention but it also boosted their confidence in voicing their own opinions. （Not only …but also …放到句首引起部分倒装） 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 6核心语法精练 （现在完成进行时） 目录 1 二、考点夯基 2 一、用单词的适当形式填空（基础通关） 3 二、完成句子 8 三、综合提升 9 一、语法填空（模考真题） 9 二、阅读理解（模考真题） 13 三、应用文写作（模考真题）.........................................................................................................................15 现在完成进行时 1、 用单词的适当形式填空（基础通关） 1.The little boy is dirty from head to foot because he __________ (play) in the garden all morning. 2.I __________ (wait) for you for three hours. Where have you been? 3.She __________ (learn) English for two years and she does well in it. 4.You must be tired now since you __________ (work) for five hours. 5.Tom __________ (talk) about his wonderful experience during the holiday without noticing the time. 6.The telephone __________ (ring) for almost a minute. Why doesn’t someone answer it? 7.I __________ (clean) the classroom for three hours. That’s why I feel tired now. 8.She __________ (perform) concerts every day since last month. 9.I __________ (look) for a job for three months, but I haven’t had any luck. 10.People in Amsterdam __________ (enjoy) the benefits of cycling for years. 11.Over the past several years, he __________ (devote) himself to protecting the environment. 12.I __________ (try) to qualify for the swimming team for three years, but I still can’t quite make the cut. 13.Mark __________ (work) really hard on his book and he thinks he’ll have finished it by Friday. 14.The fans __________ (wait) for the famous star for 3 hours. 15.I __________ (wrestle) with this physics problem for a whole morning, but I haven’t worked it out. 16.Your child __________ (look) for an opportunity to climb out of the window all day long. 17.Over the past five years, Martin __________ (try) to teach an endangered language to the next generation despite all the difficulties. 18.Judith __________ (work) on her new novel which is supposed to come out next month. 19.She __________ (consider) going back to school, but she hasn’t decided yet. 20.He __________ (cycle) to work for the last three weeks. 21.She __________ (write) her graduation paper all day long. 22.I __________ (write) the book all year and am hoping to finish it soon. 23.Since that unfortunate accident last week I __________ (sleep) badly. 24.New recruits __________ (undergo) training in recent weeks. 25.People __________ (bring) their children in to see the hens and residents come and sit outside to watch them. 26.We __________ (discuss) the project for two hours. Let’s take a break. 27.In the past one hour, the fire __________ (extend) almost to the top floor, with residents crowding into roof exit. 28.It seems that the water from this tap __________ (run) for some time. We have to take it apart to put it right. 29.Many scientists say that the number of wild animals __________ (get) smaller and smaller in the past few years. 30.It’s hard to tell exactly how many people agree with him, but research indicates that the numbers __________ (rise) for some time. 2、 完成句子 根据提示，完成句子。 1.—Isn’t it hard to drive to downtown to work? —Yes, that’s why I __________ (一直坐火车) to work by train. 2.Tom __________ (一直在等) for Linda for an hour at the school gate but she still hasn’t come. 3.You can hardly expect a pay-rise when you __________ (才工作了) for the company for only two weeks. 4.I __________ (一直在考虑) what to do next move these days. 5.The company __________ (一直承诺) a rise in salary for ages, but nothing has happened yet. 6.Since 1996, the Boys and Girls Club which he started in Chicago __________ (一直在帮助) young people. 7.Geneticists __________ (一直在尝试) to identify which genes relate to which diseases. 8.I __________ (一直在找) myself more in moments of quietness, taking time for contemplation of the world around me. 9.Doctors __________ (一直在努力) for many years to know how to solve the medical problem. 10.People __________ (一直在涌入) into stadiums for various reasons since the days of ancient Greece. 一、语法填空 A （25-26高二下·陕西·月考）阅读下面的短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A skywell, or “tian jing” in Chinese, is ____1____ typical feature of a traditional home in Southern and Eastern China. They are commonly seen in homes ____2____ (date) back to the Ming and Qing dynasties, which were designed to house different generations of relatives. Despite their ____3____ (vary) sizes and designs, these skywells are typically square and located in the heart of the house. They serve to allow in light, enhance airflow, and harvest rainwater. Since decades ago, the government ____4____ (advocate) green buildings, promoting environmentally friendly practice. The increased interest towards traditional Chinese architecture is leading ____5____ the restoration of historic buildings with skywells for modern use. Architects are also looking towards the principles behind skywells while designing new buildings to save energy. For example, the Dongguan TBA Tower in Guangdong Province ____6____ (bring) natural airflows into every floor with internal “windpipes”____7____ functions are similar to those of skywells. The aim is to keep the building’s temperature comfortable in all seasons, using only natural airflow. The fact ____8____ skywells still exist today shows how clever ancient builders were in using nature’s ____9____ (element) to create energy-sufficient and sustainable living spaces. These timeless architectural wonders continue to inspire architects ____10____ (find) green solutions for cooling homes and buildings. B （25-26高二上·福建·月考）阅读下面短文，在空白处填写1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In a rare and awe-inspiring event,a white bison calf(野牛幼崽)was born in Yellowstone National Park's Lamar Valley.This extraordinary occurrence ____1____ (witness) by park visitor and wildlife photographer Erin Braten, ____2____ happened to be at the right place at the right time. Braten, a resident of Kalispell, Montana,visits Yellowstone a few times each year, but she never imagined she would witness such a rare and ____3____ (symbol) moment. Stopping to admire the calf and its mother, Braten managed ____4____ (take) some incredible photos from a safe and respectful distance. The significance of a white bison calf is ____5____ (deep) rooted in Native American culture particularly among the Lakota people.According to Lakota legend,the birth of a white bison calf promises better times ahead. The legend ____6____ (tell) of a time around 2,000 years ago when food was not enough and bison were disappearing. White Bison Calf Woman appeared, ____7____ (present) a sacred pipe and a bundle(包袱)to the Lakota people, teaching them how to pray and and bring bison to the area for food. As she left, she transformed into ____8____white bison calf. The birth of the calf may “reflect the presence of a natural genetic legacy that was preserved in Yellowstone's bison” that has been revealed thanks to the successful ____9____ (recover) of the animal’s population in the park. Troy Heinert, the executive director of the South Dakota-based Inter Tribal. Bison Council, sees the calf’s birth ____10____a reminder “that we need to live in a good way and treat others with respect.” C （25-26高二上·湖南·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Wake up early enough____1____, depending on where you live, you’ll likely hear a pleasant chorus of birds singing. But why? According to the Woodland Trust, this early singing is known____2____ the dawn chorus, and it can start as early as 4 am and last for several hours. Birds do it____3____(attract) mates and warn other birds to avoid their areas. By singing with passion, they’re letting other birds know they ____4____(survive) the night—no guarantee in nature—and would make for an excellent mate. Like a good recording studio, the early morning hours also allow birds to spread a clear tune ____5____(thank) to the cooler, drier air. The singing helps them be more ____6____(easy) identified by birds within listening distance. ____7____ used to be a popular theory that birds sang so much in the mornings because the sounds could travel ____8____(great) distances due to less atmospheric turbulence, but ____9____was denied by researchers at the University of Western Ontario in 2003. They played recordings of sparrows at dawn and midday. The songs didn’t travel farther, but they were more consistent. Because birds only have so much energy to sing aloud, singing when they stand the best chance of ____10____(hear) makes sense. For a bird, an early morning session is like having the perfect acoustic environment for their performance. 二、阅读理解 （25-26高二下·山东济宁·月考）Hair that is tightly coiled(盘绕) offers the best protection against the sun’s potentially damaging rays, which could explain why this trait evolved in early humans in Africa and straighter hair emerged as some humans moved into cooler areas. It has long been suggested that the reason our body hair became so fine that it is sometimes barely visible, while our scalp hair remained thick, is to prevent our heads from overheating in the sun. In our bipedal(双足行走的) ancestors, the beneficial shading effect of head hair may have outweighed its insulating effect. Tina Lasisi at Penn State University wondered if the type of hair on a person’s head also makes a difference. To learn more, Lasisi and her colleagues put three different wigs(假发) on a thermal manikin—a model of the human body with heaters and sensors that is used to measure the thermal effects of clothes. One of the three wigs was straight, one had moderate curls(卷) and one had tight curls. Lasisi says the tightly coiled wig was within the range of curl found in people of recent African ancestry. The team found that the hair’s type made a big difference to how much heat the head of the manikin gained from simulated sunshine at 30℃. The head with a straight wig gained less than half as much heat as a control head with no wig. The head wearing the moderately curled wig gained around a quarter as much heat and the head with the tightly curled wig gained less than a tenth as much as the no-wig control. The researchers think that the curls reduce how much heat reaches the skin by increasing the gap between it and the hair surface. Making straight hair longer doesn’t achieve this because it lies flat, says Lasisi. The team also found when wetting the manikins to simulate sweat, the head with no wig lost twice as much heat via evaporation as those with the wigs. However, having any head hair more than halves the amount of sweat required to prevent the head from gaining heat, with tightly coiled hair reducing this more than moderately curled or straight hair, the result shows. “Any mechanism that could help cool the body, and at the same time save precious water, would definitely have been acted on strongly by natural selection,” says Joseph Graves at North Carolina Agricultural & Technical State University. The study􀆳s findings are important because they could help change some people’s prejudiced views, says Graves. 1. What does the underlined word “trait” in Paragraph 1 mean? A. Curl. B. Feature. C. Situation. D. Essence. 2. What will Tina Lasisi probably agree with? A. The three wigs were made of hair from different races. B. The head with no wig gained the least amount of heat from the sun. C. Wearing long straight hair could reduce the heat reaching the skin. D. The head without a wig had the best cooling effect of sweating. 3. For what purpose was the research carried out? A. To gain insight into early humans. B. To prove all races are born equal. C. To clarify a question. D. To learn about the use of wigs. 4. What might be the best title of the passage? A. Curly Hair Protects Us from the Sun B. Curly Hair Evolves into Straight Hair C. Natural Selection Is What Really Counts D. A Study Changes Prejudiced Views 三、应用文写作 （25-26高二上·湖南·期中）假定你是校英文广播站的小记者，上周你校组织了“认识自然灾害“的演讲比赛。请你写一篇短文报道此事，内容包括： 1.简要报道此活动；2.举办该活动的意义； 注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 6核心语法精练 （现在完成进行时） 一、用单词的适当形式填空（基础通关） 1. has been playing 2. have been waiting 3. has learned 4. have been working 5. has been talking 6. has been ringing 7. have been cleaning 8. has been performing 9. have been looking 10. have been enjoying 11. has been devoting 12. have been trying 13. has been working 14. have been waiting 15. have been wrestling 16. has been looking 17. has been trying 18. has been working 19. has been considering 20. has been cycling 21. has been writing 22. have been writing 23. have been sleeping 24. have been undergoing 25. have been bringing 26. have been discussing 27. has been extending 28. has been running 29. has been getting 30. have been rising 二、句型转换（动名词作表语→ 主语互换） 1. have been going 2. has been waiting 3. have been working 4. have been considering 5. has been promising 6. has been helping 7. have been trying 8. have been finding 9. have been struggling 10. have been pouring 一、语法填空 A 1．a 2．dating 3．various/varied 4．has advocated 5．to 6．brings 7．whose 8．that 9．elements 10．to find B 1.was witnessed 2.who 3.symbolic 4.to take 5.deeply 6.tells 7.presenting 8.a 9.recovery 10.as C 1. and 2. as 3. to attract 4. survived 5. thanks 6.easily 7. There 8. greater 9. it 10. being heard 二、阅读理解 1. B 2. D 3. C 4. A 三、应用文写作 Last Friday witnessed a speech contest held in our school auditorium. The contest, which was themed “Get to know natural disasters”, was aimed to help students get a better understanding of various disasters, such as earthquakes，floods and storms as well as their potential impacts on the environment and people’s lives. Participants were rated by a panel of judges from the teaching staff. The top three students were presented with certificates and gifts in reward for their outstanding performances. This activity turned out to be a great success. Not only did it promote students’ awareness of disaster prevention but it also boosted their confidence in voicing their own opinions. 1 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $