Unit 5 Revealing nature 过去完成时（核心语法精练）英语外研版选择性必修第一册

**基本信息** 聚焦过去完成时，通过基础到综合的梯度训练，系统提升语法应用与语篇能力，融合语言能力与思维品质培养。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |知识回顾|/|概念梳理|构建"定义-时间标志-用法"基础认知| |考点夯基-填空|30题|动词时态变形|覆盖基础语境（如by the time、before）及特殊结构（Hardly...when）| |考点夯基-完成句子|15题|语境补全|强化"过去的过去"时间逻辑在句式中的应用| |综合提升-语法填空|3篇真题|语篇语法应用|从单句到语篇，训练时态在真实语境中的判断与运用| |综合提升-阅读/写作|1篇阅读+1篇写作|语用综合|通过阅读理解时态表意功能，写作实践语法在主题表达中的准确性|

Unit 5核心语法精练 （过去完成时） 目录 1 二、考点夯基 2 一、用单词的适当形式填空（基础通关） 3 二、完成句子 7 三、综合提升 9 一、语法填空（模考真题） 9 二、阅读理解（模考真题） 14 三、应用文写作（模考真题）.........................................................................................................................15 过去完成时 1、 用单词的适当形式填空（基础通关） 1.When I got on the bus, I realized I __________ (leave) my textbook at home. 【答案】had left 【解析】考查过去完成时。句意：当我上公交车时，我意识到我把课本落在家里了。“落课本”发生在“意识到”之前，表示“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时。故填had left。 2.I arrived at the office in the morning and found that somebody __________ (break) into the office during the night. 【答案】had broken 【解析】考查过去完成时。句意：我早上到达办公室，发现有人在夜间闯入了办公室。“闯入”发生在“发现”之前，且during the night表示在过去的某个时间点之前，应用过去完成时。故填had broken。 3.By the time Jack returned home from England, his son __________ (graduate) from college. 【答案】had graduated 【解析】考查过去完成时。句意：到杰克从英格兰回到家时，他的儿子已经大学毕业了。by the time Jack returned为过去参照点，“毕业”发生在此之前，应用过去完成时。故填had graduated。 4.It was the most instructive lecture that I __________ (attend) since I went to that school. 【答案】had attended 【解析】考查固定句型中的过去完成时。句意：那是我进入那所学校以来听过的最有教育意义的讲座。在It was the most...that...句型中，that从句谓语应用过去完成时。故填had attended。 5.I thought I __________ (lose) my cellphone somewhere. But it was on the back seat of my car. 【答案】had lost 【解析】考查过去完成时。句意：我以为我把手机丢在什么地方了。但它就在我的车后座上。“丢手机”发生在“以为”之前，表示“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时。故填had lost。 6.We __________ (have) the car for ten years before we sold it last week. 【答案】had had 【解析】考查过去完成时。句意：在上周卖掉这辆车之前，我们已经拥有它十年了。“拥有”发生在“卖掉”之前，且for ten years表示持续了一段时间，应用过去完成时。故填had had。 7.The students __________ (clean) their classroom when the visitors arrived, which made the teacher satisfied. 【答案】had cleaned 【解析】考查过去完成时。句意：当参观者到达时，学生们已经打扫了教室，这让老师很满意。“打扫教室”发生在“参观者到达”之前，表示“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时。故填had cleaned。 8.Tom was disappointed to know that the train __________ (leave) when he arrived at the station. 【答案】had left 【解析】考查过去完成时。句意：汤姆失望地得知当他到达车站时火车已经开走了。“火车离开”发生在“到达”之前，表示“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时。故填had left。 9.The man said the book __________ (publish) several times by the end of last year. 【答案】had been published 【解析】考查过去完成时的被动语态。句意：那个人说到去年年底为止这本书已经出版了好几次了。book与publish之间为被动关系，且by the end of last year为过去参照点，应用过去完成时的被动语态had been published。故填had been published。 10.Nina __________ (open) the door and went out with her little dog. 【答案】opened 【解析】考查一般过去时。句意：尼娜打开门，带着她的小狗出去了。and连接两个并列谓语，open和went out是两个连续发生的过去动作，无先后之分，均用一般过去时。故填opened。 11.Reading his biography, I was lost in admiration for what Stephen Hawking __________ (achieve) in physics. 【答案】had achieved 【解析】考查过去完成时。句意：读他的传记时，我沉浸在对斯蒂芬·霍金在物理学方面所取得的成就的钦佩之中。“取得成就”发生在“读传记/感到钦佩”之前，表示“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时。故填had achieved。 12.It was the first time that I __________ (be) to the Summer Palace, and I took many photos there. 【答案】had been 【解析】考查固定句型中的过去完成时。句意：那是我第一次去颐和园，我在那里拍了很多照片。在It was the first time that...句型中，that从句谓语应用过去完成时。故填had been。 13.By the time he retired, he __________ (work) in this factory for 40 years. 【答案】had worked 【解析】考查过去完成时。句意：到他退休时，他已经在这家工厂工作了40年。by the time he retired为过去参照点，for 40 years表示持续到该参照点的动作，应用过去完成时。故填had worked。 14.I __________ (hope) to catch the early bus, but I got up too late. 【答案】had hoped 【解析】考查过去完成时表示未实现的愿望。句意：我本来希望赶上早班公交车，但我起得太晚了。hope用于过去完成时，表示“本来希望但未实现”，属于特殊用法。故填had hoped。 15.She told me she __________ (be) to the Great Wall twice before she came to Beijing. 【答案】had been 【解析】考查过去完成时。句意：她告诉我，在来北京之前她已经去过长城两次了。“去过长城”发生在“来北京”之前，表示“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时。故填had been。 16.I __________ (not finish) reading the novel when my mother called me for dinner. 【答案】hadn’t finished 【解析】考查过去完成时否定式。句意：当妈妈叫我吃饭时，我还没有读完这本小说。“没读完”发生在“妈妈叫我”之前，表示“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时的否定式。故填hadn’t finished。 17.We __________ (expect) to arrive an hour earlier, but we were delayed by the heavy traffic. 【答案】had expected 【解析】考查过去完成时表示未实现的期望。句意：我们本来期望早到一个小时，但被严重的交通堵塞耽误了。expect用于过去完成时，表示“本来期望但未实现”，属于特殊用法。故填had expected。 18.By the end of last month, they __________ (complete) half of the project. 【答案】had completed 【解析】考查过去完成时。句意：到上个月底，他们已经完成了项目的一半。by the end of last month为过去参照点，“完成”发生在此之前，应用过去完成时。故填had completed。 19.When I saw her, I realized that I __________ (meet) her somewhere before. 【答案】had met 【解析】考查过去完成时。句意：当我看到她时，我意识到我以前在哪里见过她。“见过她”发生在“意识到”之前，且before暗示“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时。故填had met。 20.He said he __________ (live) in London since he was a child. 【答案】had lived 【解析】考查过去完成时。句意：他说他从小就一直住在伦敦。主句said为过去时，从句中since he was a child表示从过去开始持续到said这一时刻的动作，应用过去完成时。故填had lived。 21.Hardly __________ she __________ (get) out of the station when she saw her friend waiting for her. 【答案】had；got 【解析】考查Hardly...when...句型中的过去完成时和倒装。句意：她刚走出车站就看见她的朋友在等她。Hardly...when...句型中，主句用过去完成时，且hardly置于句首时主谓部分倒装。故填had；got。 22.No sooner __________ he __________ (start) to talk than I knew that something must have happened. 【答案】had；started 【解析】考查No sooner...than...句型中的过去完成时和倒装。句意：他一开始说话，我就知道一定出了什么事。No sooner...than...句型中，主句用过去完成时，且no sooner置于句首时主谓部分倒装。故填had；started。 23.If only we __________ (listen) to their advice at that time! 【答案】had listened 【解析】考查虚拟语气中的过去完成时。句意：要是我们当时听了他们的建议就好了！If only后接从句表示虚拟语气，对过去的虚拟应用过去完成时。故填had listened。 24.24.I’d rather you __________ (not tell) him the truth yesterday. 【答案】hadn’t told 【解析】考查虚拟语气中的过去完成时。句意：我宁愿你昨天没有告诉他真相。I’d rather后接从句表示虚拟语气，对过去的虚拟应用过去完成时。故填hadn’t told。 25.It was three years since he __________ (join) the army. 【答案】had joined 【解析】考查过去完成时。句意：他参军已经三年了。主句 It was 为过去时，since从句表示"从参军到过去那个时间点"，属于"过去的过去"，应用过去完成时 had joined。注意：若主句为 It is / has been，since从句应用一般过去时。 26.The man __________ (disappear) before the police arrived. 【答案】had disappeared 【解析】考查过去完成时。句意：那个人在警察到达之前就消失了。“消失”发生在“警察到达”之前，表示“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时。故填had disappeared。 27.By the time we got to the cinema, the film __________ (already begin). 【答案】had already begun 【解析】考查过去完成时。句意：当我们到达电影院时，电影已经开始了。“电影开始”发生在“到达”之前，表示“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时。故填had already begun。 28.I __________ (intend) to call you, but I was too busy at that moment. 【答案】had intended 【解析】考查过去完成时表示未实现的打算。句意：我本来打算给你打电话，但当时我太忙了。intend用于过去完成时，表示“本来打算但未实现”，属于特殊用法。故填had intended。 29.When I woke up, my mother __________ (already go) to work. 【答案】had already gone 【解析】考查过去完成时。句意：当我醒来时，妈妈已经去上班了。“去上班”发生在“醒来”之前，表示“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时。故填had already gone。 30.The room was empty. Everybody __________ (leave). 【答案】had left 【解析】考查过去完成时。句意：房间空了。所有人都已经离开了。“离开”发生在“房间空了”之前（房间空是结果），表示“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时。故填had left。 2、 完成句子 1.—Were you surprised by the ending of the film? —No, _____________________ (我读过这本书) before, so I already knew the story. 【答案】I had read the book 【解析】考查过去完成时。“读这本书”发生在“看电影结局”之前，表示“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时。 2.They went on well at first but eventually everything _____________________ (他们所担心的) happened. 【答案】they had worried about / (that) they had worried about 【解析】考查过去完成时。“担心”发生在“事情发生”之前，定语从句中应用过去完成时。省略作宾语的that/which。 3._____________________ (他原以为) he would take care of his grandson the next year after retirement, but he was told that he would retire at 60. 【答案】He had thought 【解析】考查过去完成时表示未实现的愿望。think用于过去完成时，表示“原以为（但事实并非如此）”，属于特殊用法。 4.We did hope _____________________ (我们做过的一切) could help you. 【答案】all (that) we had done 【解析】考查过去完成时。“做过的一切”发生在“希望”之前，定语从句中应用过去完成时。 5.Never _____________________ (我碰到过) a student who spoke English so fluently. 【答案】had I met 【解析】考查过去完成时和倒装。never置于句首时主谓部分倒装，“碰到”发生在过去参照点之前，用过去完成时。故填had I met。 6.No sooner __________ (他到达) at the airport than his phone rang. 【答案】had he arrived 【解析】考查No sooner...than...句型中的倒装和过去完成时。no sooner置于句首时主谓部分倒装，主句用过去完成时。故填had he arrived。 7.I _____________________ (本以为) I could pass the final examination but I failed. 【答案】had thought 【解析】考查过去完成时表示未实现的愿望。think用于过去完成时，表示“本以为（但实际没有）”，属于特殊用法。 8.I didn’t know anything about your work, for I _____________________ (从没听说) about it at all. 【答案】had never heard 【解析】考查过去完成时。“从没听说”发生在“不知道”之前，且never用于过去完成时，表示“过去的过去从未做过某事”。故填had never heard。 9.When she studied in Paris, Mary tried all kinds of local snacks that her friends __________ (推荐). 【答案】had recommended 【解析】考查过去完成时。“推荐”发生在“品尝”之前，表示“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时。故填had recommended。 10.Jane __________ (告诉) many times, but she still didn’t understand what her mother said. 【答案】had been told 【解析】考查过去完成时的被动语态。Jane与tell之间为被动关系，且“被告知”发生在“不理解”之前，应用过去完成时的被动语态had been told。 11.They would have got back home earlier if Tom __________ (没有弄丢) the map last night. 【答案】hadn’t lost 【解析】考查虚拟语气中的过去完成时。if从句表示对过去的虚拟，谓语应用过去完成时。故填hadn’t lost。 12.It was the first time that I __________ (乘飞机旅行) by air, so I felt very excited. 【答案】had travelled / had taken a trip 【解析】考查固定句型中的过去完成时。在It was the first time that...句型中，that从句谓语应用过去完成时。 13.I __________ (给我姐姐打电话) three times, but I still can’t get through to her. 【答案】have called / have phoned 【解析】考查现在完成时。句意：我已经给我姐姐打了三次电话，但还是没有接通。此处强调“已经打了三次”这一结果，且对现在仍有影响（still can’t get through），应用现在完成时。 14.Hardly __________ (我刚迈出) out of the station when I saw my friend waiting for me. 【答案】had I walked 【解析】考查Hardly...when...句型中的倒装和过去完成时。hardly置于句首时主谓部分倒装，主句用过去完成时。故填had I walked。 15.By the time he was ten, Peter __________ (收藏) more than 300 Chinese stamps. 【答案】had collected 【解析】考查过去完成时。by the time he was ten为过去参照点，“收藏”发生在此之前，应用过去完成时。故填had collected。 一、语法填空 A 阅读下面的短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 （25-26高二下·河南·阶段测试）Though once secluded (与世隔绝的), even inaccessible, Kazakhstan today welcomes intrepid travelers with open arms. Kazakhstan is the world’s largest landlocked (内陆的) country, and the ____1____ (nine) largest in the world. The country is one of the most economically advanced in Central Asia, thanks to ____2____ (it) abundant oil reserves and other valuable minerals. Even for some ____3____ (experience) travelers, Kazakhstan is still ____4____ unfamiliar state. While home to the raw beauty of the steppe (草原) and mountain scenery, there are no yurts (蒙古包) like in Kyrgyzstan ____5____ Mongolia. The country also has a fascinating history of medieval (中世纪的) Islamic architecture. But for those ____6____ have stepped foot in the country, its most ____7____ (attract) features are its unique landscapes and freedom. Panfilov Park in the eastern-center of Almaty has plenty ____8____places of interest that offer a whistle-stop tour of the city’s history. Not far behind the ____9____ (large) of them is the yellow, green and red Tsaristera Ascension Cathedral (大教堂), a visually attractive structure that is claimed to be one of the tallest wooden ____10____ (build) in the world. 【答案】1．ninth 2．its 3．experienced 4．an 5．or 6．who 7．attractive 8．of 9．largest 10．buildings 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了哈萨克斯坦的自然资源、文化以及旅游资源等情况。 1．考查序数词。句意：哈萨克斯坦是世界上最大的内陆国，也是世界第九大内陆国。分析句子，句中表示“第九大内陆国”用序数词。故填ninth。 2．考查代词。句意：由于拥有丰富的石油储备和其他有价值的矿产，哈萨克斯坦是中亚经济最发达的国家之一。分析句子，设空处使用it的形容词性物主代词作定语，表示“它的”修饰abundant oil作定语。故填its。 3．考查形容词。句意：即使对一些经验丰富的旅行者来说，哈萨克斯坦仍然是一个陌生的国家。分析句子，设空处使用形容词experienced作定语，修饰名词，意为“经验丰富的”。故填experienced。 4．考查冠词。句意：同上。分析句子，句中state为可数名词，此处表示泛指，故使用不定冠词。同时其修饰词unfamiliar首字母为元音音素。故填an。 5．考查连词。句意：虽然这里有原始美丽的草原和山景，但这里没有吉尔吉斯斯坦或蒙古那样的蒙古包。分析句子，设空处使用连词连接Kyrgyzstan和Mongolia。此处表示选择关系，意为“或者”。故填or。 6．考查定语从句。句意：但对于那些已经踏上这个国家的人来说，它最吸引人的地方是它独特的风景和自由。分析句子，设空处引导的是定语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，修饰先行词those，指代人，通常引导词用who。故填who。 7．考查形容词。句意：同上。分析句子，设空处使用attract的形容词attractive作定语，修饰名词，意为“吸引人的”。故填attractive。 8．考查介词。句意：阿拉木图东部中心的潘菲洛夫公园有很多名胜古迹，让你可以在这里短暂游览这座城市的历史。句中plenty of为固定短语，意为“大量的”。故填of。 9．考查形容词。句意：在其中最大的教堂后面不远的是黄绿红三色的沙皇阿森松大教堂，这是一座视觉上很吸引人的建筑，据称是世界上最高的木制建筑之一。分析句子，此处表示“其中最大的教堂”用the largest of them，使用形容词的最高级。故填largest。 10．考查名词。句意：同上。分析句子，设空处使用build的名词building作宾语；此处表示“最……之一”，故使用名词复数形式。故填buildings。 B （25-26高二上·山东·月考）阅读下面短文，在空白处填写1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Silk Roads have long been a symbol of cultural exchange and interaction between East and West. Since 1988, UNESCO ____1____ (seek) to better understand the rich history and shared legacy (遗产) of the Silk Roads and how cultures have influenced each other. As part of UNESCO’s commitment to ____2____ (create) a culture of peace, the Silk Roads Online Platform aims ____3____ (promote) this unique history of mutual exchange and dialogue. In the words of UNESCO’s Director General, Audrey Azoulay, “We must learn from the exchanges ____4____ took place along the Silk Roads. These exchanges formed connections between peoples and cultures across Asia and Europe — ____5____ this in mind, we can work to foster (促进) much ____6____(need) dialogue and mutual respect going forward.” Within this Online Platform, various aspects of these routes can ____7____ (explore) through a series of themes, covering subjects ranging from festivals and traditional craftsmanship along the Silk Roads, to World Cultural Heritage, museums, cities, and much more. These themes are also displayed ____8____ (visual) on the platform’s interactive Silk Roads Map. This stands as a vital tool for ____9____ wishes to study any aspect of the routes in detail. This online platform is dedicated to building active links between people from different communities along the ____10____ (long) of these routes. In this way, the legacy of the Silk Roads lives on. 【答案】1．has sought/has been seeking 2．creating 3．to promote 4．that/which 5．with 6．needed 7．be explored 8．visually 9．whoever 10．length 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了丝绸之路在线平台作为联合国教科文组织（UNESCO）推动和平文化努力的一部分，其宗旨、功能以及对丝绸之路历史和文化遗产的促进和传承作用。 1．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：自1988年以来，教科文组织一直在努力更好地了解丝绸之路的丰富历史和共同遗产，以及不同文化如何相互影响。由Since 1988可知，句子时态是现在完成时，也可用现在完成进行时have/has been doing表示seek这个动作还会继续下去，主语UNESCO是专有名词，因此空格处动词用单数，因此空格处是has sought/has been seeking，故填has sought/has been seeking。 2．考查动名词。句意：作为教科文组织致力于创造和平文化的一部分，丝绸之路在线平台旨在促进这一独特的相互交流和对话的历史。“commitment to”意为“致力于”，to是介词，其后跟动名词作宾语，因此空格处是动名词creating。故填creating。 3．考查不定式。句意：作为教科文组织致力于创造和平文化的一部分，丝绸之路在线平台旨在促进这一独特的相互交流和对话的历史。aim to do sth.是固定短语，意为“旨在做某事”，因此空格处是不定式to promote。故填to promote。 4．考查定语从句。句意：用教科文组织总干事Audrey Azoulay的话来说，“我们必须从丝绸之路沿线的交流中学习。这些交流在亚洲和欧洲的人民和文化之间建立了联系——考虑到这一点，我们可以努力促进急需的对话和相互尊重。”空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词exchanges是“交流”，因此空格处用关系代词that/which引导定语从句，故填that/which。 5．考查介词。句意：用教科文组织总干事Audrey Azoulay的话来说，“我们必须从丝绸之路沿线的交流中学习。这些交流在亚洲和欧洲的人民和文化之间建立了联系——考虑到这一点，我们可以努力促进急需的对话和相互尊重。”根据语境可知，此处表示“考虑到这一点”，空格处用介词with表“有着”，故填with。 6．考查形容词。句意：用教科文组织总干事Audrey Azoulay的话来说，“我们必须从丝绸之路沿线的交流中学习。这些交流在亚洲和欧洲的人民和文化之间建立了联系——考虑到这一点，我们可以努力促进急需的对话和相互尊重。”根据语境可知，句子表示“考虑到这一点，我们可以努力促进急需的对话和相互尊重”，空格处意为“需要的”，用形容词作定语，修饰名词dialogue，是needed，故填needed。 7．考查被动语态。句意：在这个在线平台上，可以通过一系列主题探索这些路线的各个方面，涵盖从丝绸之路沿线的节日和传统工艺，到世界文化遗产，博物馆，城市等等。这些路线的各个方面是被探索，因此句子用被动语态，空前有情态动词can，因此空格处用be done，故填be explored。 8．考查副词。句意：这些主题也在平台的互动式丝绸之路地图上直观展示。空格处用副词visually修饰动词displayed，visually意为“在视觉上地，直观地”。故填visually。 9．考查宾语从句。句意：对于任何想要详细研究路线的人来说，这是一个重要的工具。空格处引导的是宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，句子表示“对于任何想要详细研究路线的人来说，这是一个重要的工具”，空格处意为“任何人，无论谁”，用whoever，故填whoever。 10．考查名词。句意：这个在线平台致力于沿着这些路线的长度在不同社区的人们之间建立活跃的联系。由the和of可知，空格处用名词，long的名词是length，是不可数名词，意为“长度”。故填length。 C （25-26高二上·浙江·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Bridges made out of living roots (根) of trees have been put forward for UNESCO’s World Heritage List. The root bridges are in the Meghalaya region of northeast India. The region gets a lot of rainfall and is one of the wettest ____1____ (area) on Earth. That creates ____2____ number of lakes, rivers and waterfalls, ____3____ (make) it difficult to build roads. However, for hundreds of years the local Khasi people have been trying ____4____ (they) best to grow root bridges across rivers and streams to make it much ____5____ (easy) for them to move around the area. The bridges ____6____ (build) by stretching (延伸) the roots of living trees over the river and winding them around bamboo structures to guide them in the right ____7____ (direct). The roots can take up to 20 years ____8____ (grow) into a complete bridge. The India government has suggested Meghalaya’s root bridges should be added ____9____ the UNESCO World Heritage List. ____10____ means they will be recognized officially. They will attract more tourists and money to the area, just like Egypt’s pyramids (金字塔) or the Great Barrier Reef in Australia. Morningstar Khongthaw from Meghalaya said, “We want to spread this knowledge so that future generations will benefit.” 【答案】1．areas 2．a 3．making 4．their 5．easier 6．are built 7．direction 8．to grow 9．into/to 10．This 【导读】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述印度东北部的梅加拉亚地区由树木的活根制成的桥梁被列入联合国教科文组织的世界遗产名录。 1．考查名词。句意：该地区雨量充沛，是地球上最潮湿的地区之一。空格前“one of”表示后面需要填名词复数，以及最高级结构“the wettest”后面也需要接名词。故填areas。 2．考查冠词。句意：这就造成了大量的湖泊、河流和瀑布，使得修路变得困难。固定短语“a number of”表示“大量的”含义，修饰后面的名词。故填a。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：这就造成了大量的湖泊、河流和瀑布，使得修路变得困难。本空格前是完整的句子，并且有谓语动词“creates”，因此括号提示词“make”应该使用非谓语动词，其逻辑主语是“大量的湖泊、河流和瀑布使修路困难”这件事，形成主动关系，用现在分词作结果状语。故填making。 4．考查代词。句意：然而，几百年来，当地的卡西人一直在尽最大努力在河流和小溪上种植根桥，使他们更容易在该地区走动。固定短语“try one’s best to do”表示“尽某人最大的努力做”，这里人称代词“they”应该使用物主代词形式。故填their。 5．考查形容词。句意：然而，几百年来，当地的卡西人一直在尽最大努力在河流和小溪上种植根桥，使他们更容易在该地区走动。空格后括号里提示词“easy”是形容词，空格前有“much”修饰形容词比较级。故填easier。 6．考查动词语态和主谓一致。句意：这些桥是通过延伸河上活树的根，缠绕在竹结构上，引导它们正确的方向而建造的。本句中主语是“The bridges”而且是复数，谓语动词“build”与主语构成被动关系，用一般现在时的被动语态，复数形式。故填are built。 7．考查名词。句意：这些桥是通过延伸河上活树的根，缠绕在竹结构上，引导它们正确的方向而建造的。空格前有形容词“right”后面应该使用名词，而括号内提示词是动词“direct”，因此需要把动词转换成名词形式。故填direction。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：树根需要20年才能长成一座完整的桥。take...to do...是固定搭配，意为“花/用……去做……”。故填to grow。 9．考查介词。句意：印度政府建议将梅加拉亚邦的根桥列入联合国教科文组织世界遗产名录。固定短语“add to或add into”表示“添加到……中”的意思，这里说明根桥被添加到世界遗产名录之中。故填to或into。 10．考查代词。句意：这意味着他们将被正式承认。本句中“means”是谓语动词，前面缺少主语，而且这里指代“梅加拉亚邦的根桥列入联合国教科文组织世界遗产名录这件事情”，需要指示代词，而且位于句首。故填This。 二、阅读理解 （25-26高二下·山东济宁·月考）Listening to birds and water can lower stress and improve mood, study finds. Researchers have long known there are benefits from being in nature. Living around trees can help you live longer. Walking in the woods is good for your mood. Being near water can have positive effects on your well-being. A new study finds that natural sounds offer health benefits too. There is plenty of evidence that spending time in natural areas is good for our health — but typically this research is done from a visual perspective, but we are curious what the role is of sounds we hear in these spaces. Some examples they found reported in those studies included decreased pain, lowered stress, improved mood, and better cognitive （认知的）function. With these results in hand, they then listened to audio recordings from 251 sites in 68 national parks across the United States. The sites with the most natural sounds and the lowest man-made sounds were located in Alaska, Hawaii, and the Pacific Northwest and were far from urban(都市的) areas. Only three locations with high natural sounds and low noise pollution were within 100 kilometers (62 miles) of urban areas. However, despite human-made noises being heard most of the time at sites in urban locations, birds were still heard about 60% of the time and geophysical sounds like wind and rain heard about 19% of the time. Not all natural sounds deliver the same benefits, the researchers found. For example, they discovered that the sounds of water had the largest effect on improving positive emotions and health outcomes, while bird sounds lower stress and annoyance. And the sounds of both birds and water were heard more than 23% of the time in the national park recording sites. Interestingly, there was also some evidence that natural sounds have benefits over silence. There was also evidence that more different types of natural sounds — more types of birds singing rather than just one type of bird— have benefits over fewer sounds. 1. What does the new study focus on? A. The effect natural sounds have on health. B. The harm man-made sounds do to health. C. The benefits natural sounds bring to the environment. D. The effect nature has on people from visual perspective. 2. What is an ideal site according to paragraph 4? A. It is away from cities. B. It has no noise pollution. C. It has bird songs most of the time. D. It is within 62 miles of urban areas. 3. What brings more benefits to people? A. The silence of nature. B. The sounds of water. C. The variety of natural sounds. D. Natural sounds mixed with noises. 4. Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. It Is Beneficial to Live Close to Water B. We Are Surrounded by All Kinds of Sounds C. The Sounds of Nature Affect Your Well-being D. Man-made Noise Pollution Is Harmful to Our Health 【答案】1.A 2.A 3.C 4.C 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，听鸟叫声和水声可以减轻压力，改善情绪。研究人员早就知道置身于大自然中有好处，但一项新的研究发现，自然的声音也对健康有益。 1. A 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段“A new study finds that natural sounds offer health benefits too.”可知，这项新研究的重点是自然声音对健康的影响。故选 A。 2. A 【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段“ The sites with the most natural sounds and the lowest man-made sounds were located in Alaska, Hawaii, and the Pacific Northwest and were far from urban areas.”可知，听自然声音的理想地点都远离城市地区。故选 A。 3. C 【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段“ There was also evidence that more different types of natural sounds — more types of birds singing rather than just one type of bird— have benefits over fewer sounds.”可知，自然声音的多样性能给我们带来更多的益处。故选C。 4. C【解析】主旨大意题。本文是一篇说明文，第一段引出话题，第二段点明主题，根据第二段“A new study finds that natural sounds offer health benefits too.”以及全文可知，文章谈论的话题是大自然的声音影响你的健康。故选C。 三、应用文写作 （25-26高二上·河北·期中）假设你是李华，你的学校正在组织一场关于“人与自然和谐共生”（Harmony Between Humans and Nature）的主题演讲比赛。请你根据以下提示，写一篇英文演讲稿，内容包括： 1. 说明人与自然和谐共生的重要性； 2. 结合实例说明如何实现这一目标（如环保行动、科技创新等）； 3. 号召大家为环保贡献力量。 注意：1.字数100词左右; 2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 3.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Harmony Between Humans and Nature Good morning, everyone! It is my great honor to stand here and talk about a topic that concerns us all—harmony between humans and nature. ____________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Thank you! 【答案】 Harmony Between Humans and Nature Good morning, everyone! It is my great honor to stand here and talk about a topic that concerns us all—harmony between humans and nature. In recent years, we have witnessed the damage caused by pollution and deforestation. If we continue to exploit nature without thinking, we will face serious consequences. To achieve a balance, we must take action. For example, we can plant more trees, reduce plastic waste, and promote green energy. Technology also plays a key role—solar power and electric cars help us live more sustainably. Only when we work together can we protect our planet. Let’s act now and build a greener future! Thank you! 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文中的演讲稿。要求考生以李华的身份，参加“人与自然和谐共生”主题演讲比赛。演讲内容需涵盖三个要点：阐述人与自然和谐共生的重要性、结合实例说明实现目标的具体途径（如环保行动、科技创新等）、以及号召大家为环保贡献力量。演讲稿需语言富有感染力、逻辑清晰，并能引起听众共鸣。 【详解】 1. 词汇积累 目睹/见证：see → witness 利用/开发：use → exploit 后果：result → consequence 实现/达到：reach → achieve 可持续地：in a sustainable way → sustainably 2. 句式拓展 简单句变倒装句 原句：We can protect our planet only when we work together. 拓展句：Only when we work together can we protect our planet. (将“only + 状语从句”置于句首，使用部分倒装，增强了句子的气势和号召力) 【点睛】 【高分句型1】If we continue to exploit nature without thinking, we will face serious consequences.(运用了 If 条件状语从句（主将从现），清晰有力地阐述了破坏自然的后果，增强了说服力和警示作用。) 【高分句型2】Technology also plays a key role—solar power and electric cars help us live more sustainably.(运用了 破折号进行解释说明，使“科技作用”这一论点得到具体例证的支持，让内容更充实、更具说服力。) 【高分句型3】Only when we work together can we protect our planet.(运用了 “Only + 状语从句”置于句首引起的部分倒装结构，是演讲稿中非常经典且有力的结尾句式，强烈地突出了“团结协作”的必要性，将演讲推向高潮。) 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 5核心语法精练 （过去完成时） 目录 1 二、考点夯基 2 一、用单词的适当形式填空（基础通关） 3 二、完成句子 7 三、综合提升 9 一、语法填空（模考真题） 9 二、阅读理解（模考真题） 14 三、应用文写作（模考真题）.........................................................................................................................15 过去完成时 1、 用单词的适当形式填空（基础通关） 1.When I got on the bus, I realized I __________ (leave) my textbook at home. 2.I arrived at the office in the morning and found that somebody __________ (break) into the office during the night. 3.By the time Jack returned home from England, his son __________ (graduate) from college. 4.It was the most instructive lecture that I __________ (attend) since I went to that school. 5.I thought I __________ (lose) my cellphone somewhere. But it was on the back seat of my car. 6.We __________ (have) the car for ten years before we sold it last week. 7.The students __________ (clean) their classroom when the visitors arrived, which made the teacher satisfied. 8.Tom was disappointed to know that the train __________ (leave) when he arrived at the station. 9.The man said the book __________ (publish) several times by the end of last year. 10.Nina __________ (open) the door and went out with her little dog. 11.Reading his biography, I was lost in admiration for what Stephen Hawking __________ (achieve) in physics. 12.It was the first time that I __________ (be) to the Summer Palace, and I took many photos there. 13.By the time he retired, he __________ (work) in this factory for 40 years. 14.I __________ (hope) to catch the early bus, but I got up too late. 15.She told me she __________ (be) to the Great Wall twice before she came to Beijing. 16.I __________ (not finish) reading the novel when my mother called me for dinner. 17.We __________ (expect) to arrive an hour earlier, but we were delayed by the heavy traffic. 18.By the end of last month, they __________ (complete) half of the project. 19.When I saw her, I realized that I __________ (meet) her somewhere before. 20.He said he __________ (live) in London since he was a child. 21.Hardly __________ she __________ (get) out of the station when she saw her friend waiting for her. 22.No sooner __________ he __________ (start) to talk than I knew that something must have happened. 23.If only we __________ (listen) to their advice at that time! 24.24.I’d rather you __________ (not tell) him the truth yesterday. 25.It was three years since he __________ (join) the army. 26.The man __________ (disappear) before the police arrived. 27.By the time we got to the cinema, the film __________ (already begin). 28.I __________ (intend) to call you, but I was too busy at that moment. 29.When I woke up, my mother __________ (already go) to work. 30.The room was empty. Everybody __________ (leave). 2、 完成句子 1.—Were you surprised by the ending of the film? —No, _____________________ (我读过这本书) before, so I already knew the story. 2.They went on well at first but eventually everything _____________________ (他们所担心的) happened. 3._____________________ (他原以为) he would take care of his grandson the next year after retirement, but he was told that he would retire at 60. 4.We did hope _____________________ (我们做过的一切) could help you. 5.Never _____________________ (我碰到过) a student who spoke English so fluently. 6.No sooner __________ (他到达) at the airport than his phone rang. 7.I _____________________ (本以为) I could pass the final examination but I failed. 8.I didn’t know anything about your work, for I _____________________ (从没听说) about it at all. 9.When she studied in Paris, Mary tried all kinds of local snacks that her friends __________ (推荐). 10.Jane __________ (告诉) many times, but she still didn’t understand what her mother said. 11.They would have got back home earlier if Tom __________ (没有弄丢) the map last night. 12.It was the first time that I __________ (乘飞机旅行) by air, so I felt very excited. 13.I __________ (给我姐姐打电话) three times, but I still can’t get through to her. 14.Hardly __________ (我刚迈出) out of the station when I saw my friend waiting for me. 15.By the time he was ten, Peter __________ (收藏) more than 300 Chinese stamps. 一、语法填空 A 阅读下面的短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 （25-26高二下·河南·阶段测试）Though once secluded (与世隔绝的), even inaccessible, Kazakhstan today welcomes intrepid travelers with open arms. Kazakhstan is the world’s largest landlocked (内陆的) country, and the ____1____ (nine) largest in the world. The country is one of the most economically advanced in Central Asia, thanks to ____2____ (it) abundant oil reserves and other valuable minerals. Even for some ____3____ (experience) travelers, Kazakhstan is still ____4____ unfamiliar state. While home to the raw beauty of the steppe (草原) and mountain scenery, there are no yurts (蒙古包) like in Kyrgyzstan ____5____ Mongolia. The country also has a fascinating history of medieval (中世纪的) Islamic architecture. But for those ____6____ have stepped foot in the country, its most ____7____ (attract) features are its unique landscapes and freedom. Panfilov Park in the eastern-center of Almaty has plenty ____8____places of interest that offer a whistle-stop tour of the city’s history. Not far behind the ____9____ (large) of them is the yellow, green and red Tsaristera Ascension Cathedral (大教堂), a visually attractive structure that is claimed to be one of the tallest wooden ____10____ (build) in the world. B （25-26高二上·山东·月考）阅读下面短文，在空白处填写1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Silk Roads have long been a symbol of cultural exchange and interaction between East and West. Since 1988, UNESCO ____1____ (seek) to better understand the rich history and shared legacy (遗产) of the Silk Roads and how cultures have influenced each other. As part of UNESCO’s commitment to ____2____ (create) a culture of peace, the Silk Roads Online Platform aims ____3____ (promote) this unique history of mutual exchange and dialogue. In the words of UNESCO’s Director General, Audrey Azoulay, “We must learn from the exchanges ____4____ took place along the Silk Roads. These exchanges formed connections between peoples and cultures across Asia and Europe — ____5____ this in mind, we can work to foster (促进) much ____6____(need) dialogue and mutual respect going forward.” Within this Online Platform, various aspects of these routes can ____7____ (explore) through a series of themes, covering subjects ranging from festivals and traditional craftsmanship along the Silk Roads, to World Cultural Heritage, museums, cities, and much more. These themes are also displayed ____8____ (visual) on the platform’s interactive Silk Roads Map. This stands as a vital tool for ____9____ wishes to study any aspect of the routes in detail. This online platform is dedicated to building active links between people from different communities along the ____10____ (long) of these routes. In this way, the legacy of the Silk Roads lives on. C （25-26高二上·浙江·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Bridges made out of living roots (根) of trees have been put forward for UNESCO’s World Heritage List. The root bridges are in the Meghalaya region of northeast India. The region gets a lot of rainfall and is one of the wettest ____1____ (area) on Earth. That creates ____2____ number of lakes, rivers and waterfalls, ____3____ (make) it difficult to build roads. However, for hundreds of years the local Khasi people have been trying ____4____ (they) best to grow root bridges across rivers and streams to make it much ____5____ (easy) for them to move around the area. The bridges ____6____ (build) by stretching (延伸) the roots of living trees over the river and winding them around bamboo structures to guide them in the right ____7____ (direct). The roots can take up to 20 years ____8____ (grow) into a complete bridge. The India government has suggested Meghalaya’s root bridges should be added ____9____ the UNESCO World Heritage List. ____10____ means they will be recognized officially. They will attract more tourists and money to the area, just like Egypt’s pyramids (金字塔) or the Great Barrier Reef in Australia. Morningstar Khongthaw from Meghalaya said, “We want to spread this knowledge so that future generations will benefit.” 二、阅读理解 （25-26高二下·山东济宁·月考）Listening to birds and water can lower stress and improve mood, study finds. Researchers have long known there are benefits from being in nature. Living around trees can help you live longer. Walking in the woods is good for your mood. Being near water can have positive effects on your well-being. A new study finds that natural sounds offer health benefits too. There is plenty of evidence that spending time in natural areas is good for our health — but typically this research is done from a visual perspective, but we are curious what the role is of sounds we hear in these spaces. Some examples they found reported in those studies included decreased pain, lowered stress, improved mood, and better cognitive （认知的）function. With these results in hand, they then listened to audio recordings from 251 sites in 68 national parks across the United States. The sites with the most natural sounds and the lowest man-made sounds were located in Alaska, Hawaii, and the Pacific Northwest and were far from urban(都市的) areas. Only three locations with high natural sounds and low noise pollution were within 100 kilometers (62 miles) of urban areas. However, despite human-made noises being heard most of the time at sites in urban locations, birds were still heard about 60% of the time and geophysical sounds like wind and rain heard about 19% of the time. Not all natural sounds deliver the same benefits, the researchers found. For example, they discovered that the sounds of water had the largest effect on improving positive emotions and health outcomes, while bird sounds lower stress and annoyance. And the sounds of both birds and water were heard more than 23% of the time in the national park recording sites. Interestingly, there was also some evidence that natural sounds have benefits over silence. There was also evidence that more different types of natural sounds — more types of birds singing rather than just one type of bird— have benefits over fewer sounds. 1. What does the new study focus on? A. The effect natural sounds have on health. B. The harm man-made sounds do to health. C. The benefits natural sounds bring to the environment. D. The effect nature has on people from visual perspective. 2. What is an ideal site according to paragraph 4? A. It is away from cities. B. It has no noise pollution. C. It has bird songs most of the time. D. It is within 62 miles of urban areas. 3. What brings more benefits to people? A. The silence of nature. B. The sounds of water. C. The variety of natural sounds. D. Natural sounds mixed with noises. 4. Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. It Is Beneficial to Live Close to Water B. We Are Surrounded by All Kinds of Sounds C. The Sounds of Nature Affect Your Well-being D. Man-made Noise Pollution Is Harmful to Our Health 三、应用文写作 （25-26高二上·河北·期中）假设你是李华，你的学校正在组织一场关于“人与自然和谐共生”（Harmony Between Humans and Nature）的主题演讲比赛。请你根据以下提示，写一篇英文演讲稿，内容包括： 1. 说明人与自然和谐共生的重要性； 2. 结合实例说明如何实现这一目标（如环保行动、科技创新等）； 3. 号召大家为环保贡献力量。 注意：1.字数100词左右; 2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 3.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Harmony Between Humans and Nature Good morning, everyone! It is my great honor to stand here and talk about a topic that concerns us all—harmony between humans and nature. ____________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Thank you! 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 5核心语法精练 （过去完成时） 一、用单词的适当形式填空（基础通关） 1. had left 2. had broken 3. had graduated 4. had attended 5. had lost 6. had had 7. had cleaned 8. had left 9. had been published 10. opened 11. had achieved 12. had been 13. had worked 14. had hoped 15. had been 16. hadn’t finished 17. had expected 18. had completed 19. had met 20. had lived 21. had；got 22. had；started 23. had listened 24. hadn’t told 25. had joined 26. had disappeared 27. had already begun 28. had intended 29. had already gone 30. had left 二、完成句子 1. I had read the book 2. they had worried about / (that) they had worried about 3. He had thought 4. all (that) we had done 5. had I met 6. had he arrived 7. had thought 8. had never heard 9. had recommended 10. had been told 11. hadn’t lost 12. had travelled / had taken a trip 13. have called / have phoned 14. had I walked 15. had collected 一、语法填空 A 1．ninth 2．its 3．experienced 4．an 5．or 6．who 7．attractive 8．of 9．largest 10．buildings B 1．has sought/has been seeking 2．creating 3．to promote 4．that/which 5．with 6．needed 7．be explored 8．visually 9．whoever 10．length C 1．areas 2．a 3．making 4．their 5．easier 6．are built 7．direction 8．to grow 9．into/to 10．This 二、阅读理解 1.A 2.A 3.C 4.C 三、应用文写作 Harmony Between Humans and Nature Good morning, everyone! It is my great honor to stand here and talk about a topic that concerns us all—harmony between humans and nature. In recent years, we have witnessed the damage caused by pollution and deforestation. If we continue to exploit nature without thinking, we will face serious consequences. To achieve a balance, we must take action. For example, we can plant more trees, reduce plastic waste, and promote green energy. Technology also plays a key role—solar power and electric cars help us live more sustainably. Only when we work together can we protect our planet. Let’s act now and build a greener future! Thank you! 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $