2027届高考英语一轮复习：熟词生义（知识清单+默写自测单）

该高中英语高考复习任务单系统梳理了高考核心词汇的一词多义现象，将58个高频词汇按“基础词义—引申义—语境应用”的逻辑构建考点体系，通过默写自测题的问题导向和任务驱动设计，引导学生结合例句自主推导词义联系，形成结构化的词汇知识网络。 特色在于自主诊断与语境化学习结合，如设置58道涵盖不同词性转换和词义引申的默写题，学生通过例句语境推断词义并自我检测，培养语言能力和思维品质。每个词汇配备典型例句辅助理解，帮助学生自主发现薄弱点，教师可依据自测结果实施分层指导，有效提升复习实效。

完整版60个熟词新义 1. shoulder (n.) 肩膀 ➟ (v.) 承担 Young people should learn to shoulder the blame. 2. cross (v.) 跨越,横穿 (n.) 十字 ➟ (adj.) 生气的 Don't be cross with him—after all,he is a child. 3. kill (v.) 杀死,弄死 ➟ (v.) 消磨、打发时间 How does the man kill time? 4. address (n.) 地址 (v.) 写地址 ➟ (vt.) 发表演说 The president will address his speech at 3：00 pm. 5. solid (adj.) 坚硬的,固定的 ➟ (adj.) 可靠的,可信赖的 The research lacks solid evidence, and therefore, its conclusions are doubtful. 6. count (n.) 计数 (v.) 计算,数 ➟ (vi.) 有价值,重要 It is not how much you read but what you read that counts. 7. nurse (n.) 护士,保姆 ➟ (v.) 看护,照料 For two days he was nursed by his mother. 8. blue (adj.) 蓝色的 (n.) 蓝色 ➟ (adj.) 忧伤的 His songs always make me feel blue. 9. promise (v.) 许诺 (n.) 承诺 ➟ (v.) 有……的希望；预示 The dark clouds promise rain. 10. hit (v.) 击中,打击 ➟ (n.) 热门事物；成功作品 Tuhao is quite a hit of this year. 11. measure (n.) 措施,方法 ➟ (v.) 评判,估量 It's hard to measure his ability when we haven't seen his work. 12. ache (v.) 疼痛 (n.) 痛感 ➟ (v.) 渴望 Having left for ages,he was aching for home. 13. ground (n.) 地面 ➟ (n.) 理由,依据 He has strong grounds for more money. 14. stand (v.) 站立 ➟ (v.) 忍受 (n.) 摊位 The author could not stand living in a wooden house. I found the fish stand surrounded in a sea of customers. 15. develop (v.) 发展；开发 ➟ (v.) 冲印 Did you have the films developed? 16. taste (v.) 品尝 ➟ (n.) 鉴赏力,爱好 While she was in Paris, she developed a taste for fine art. 17. absent (adj.) 缺席的 ➟ (adj.) 茫然的,恍惚的 She looked at the picture in an absent way. 18. operate (vi.) 运转；做手术 ➟ (vi.) 起作用 The medicine operated quickly. 19. fresh (adj.) 新鲜的 ➟ (adj.) 无经验的 She is quite fresh to the work. 20. position (n.) 位置；职位 ➟ (n.) 立场,观点 What's your position on the problem? 21. against (prep.) 反对；倚靠 ➟ (prep.) 以……为背景 The picture looks nice against the white wall. 22. read (v.) 阅读 ➟ (v.) 领会,理解 I didn't read mother's thoughts at that time. 23. freeze (vi.) 结冰 ➟ (v.) 惊呆 Grandfather froze in fear. Was he going to lose his job? 24. say (vt.) 说 ➟ (vt.) 假定,显示 Say that war breaks out, what will you do? 25. attend (v.) 出席 ➟ (v.) 照料,看护 The nurse attended to him day and night. 26. sign (n.) 符号 ➟ (n.) 迹象 (v.) 签署 Bearing responsibility for his mistakes is a sign of a man's maturity. Therefore, students should be advised to sign up as soon as possible. 27. foreign (adj.) 外国的 ➟ (adj.) 陌生的,不熟悉的 The subject is foreign to all of us. 28. strength (n.) 力气 ➟ (n.) 优势,长处 A basketball coach must know the strengths and weaknesses of his players. 29. blank (adj.) 空白的 ➟ (adj.) 面无表情的 The stranger returned my greeting with a blank look. 30. walk (v.) 步行 (n.) 行走 ➟ (n.) 行业 This society welcomes people from all walks of life. 31. build (vt.) 建造 ➟ (v.) 逐步增强 (n.) 身材 One should receive training to build up one's confidence. You're right,Josh. He may have a small build. 32. wear (v.) 穿戴 ➟ (v.) 面露神情 I can still remember he was always wearing a smile and willing to help. 33. cause (vt.) 导致 ➟ (n.) 事业 Even with a staff of 22 volunteers,Thomas often devotes up to 50 hours a week to his cause. 34. treat (vt.) 对待 ➟ (vt.) 治疗 (n.) 款待 The doctor is skilled at treating heart trouble and never accepts any gift from his patients. Let's go out for lunch—my treat. 35. cloudy (adj.) 多云的 ➟ (adj.) 不明朗的 Who will take his place still remains cloudy. 36. store (n.) 商店 ➟ (v.) 储存 Although dams can be built to store water for agricultural use in dry areas and dry seasons. 37. coach (n.) 教练 ➟ (v.) 辅导 She coached me in playing football. 38. narrow (adj.) 狭窄的 ➟ (vt.) 缩小 Parents and children should communicate more to narrow the gap between them so that they can understand each other better. 39. course (n.) 课程 ➟ (n.) 一道菜 The courses vary with seasons. 40. note (n.) 笔记 ➟ (v.) 注意到 I noted that her hands were dirty. 41. cover (v.) 覆盖 ➟ (v.) 走完；支付；采访 Motorcars cover a hundred miles in little more than an hour. To cover the cost of hiring a bus, each student will have to pay $10 each time. 42. deal (vi.) 处理 ➟ (n.) 交易 Having been cheated in a business deal, he was reduced to nothing. 43. desert (n.) 沙漠 ➟ (v.) 抛弃 He deserted his wife and children and went abroad. 44. explode (v.) 爆炸 ➟ (v.) 大发雷霆 I'm about to explode! He broke his promise again. 45. exploit (v.) 开采 ➟ (v.) 利用 You must exploit every opportunity to learn English. 46. fail (vi.) 失败 ➟ (vi.) 视力、体力衰退 William found it increasingly difficult to read,for his eyesight was beginning to fail. 47. encourage (vt.) 鼓励 ➟ (v.) 促进 Good health encourages clear thinking. 48. escape (v.) 逃跑 ➟ (v.) 被遗忘 The name escapes me for the moment. 49. express (v.) 表达 ➟ (n.) 快车 Is there an express from Nanjing to Shanghai? 50. help (vt.) 帮助 ➟ (vi.) 避免 Try not to cough more than you can help since it may cause problems to your lungs. 51. ill (adj.) 生病的 ➟ (adj.) 坏的 It's no good speaking ill of others. She had brought ill luck into her family. 52. inspire (v.) 鼓舞 ➟ (v.) 启发 His best music was inspired by the memory of his mother. 53. jump (v.) 跳 ➟ (v.) 价格暴涨 Last week the price of goods jumped. 54. last (adj.) 最后的 ➟ (adj.) 最不可能的 He is the last man I want to see. 55. match (n.) 火柴 ➟ (vt.) 匹配 She matched the carpet with some very nice curtains in colour. 56. mean (v.) 意味着 ➟ (adj.) 吝啬的 means (n.) 方式 He is too mean to make a donation. In many places in China, the bicycle is still a popular means of transportation. 57. open (adj.) 打开的 ➟ (adj.) 未解决的 They left the matter open. 58. interest (n.) 兴趣 ➟ (n.) 利益 Our family has interests in the business. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 默写自测单 1. shoulder (n.) 肩膀 ➟ (v.) ________ Young people should learn to shoulder the blame. 2. cross (v.) 跨越,横穿 (n.) 十字 ➟ (adj.) ________ Don't be cross with him—after all,he is a child. 3. kill (v.) 杀死,弄死 ➟ (v.) ________ How does the man kill time? 4. address (n.) 地址 (v.) 写地址 ➟ (vt.) ________ The president will address his speech at 3：00 pm. 5. solid (adj.) 坚硬的,固定的 ➟ (adj.) ________ The research lacks solid evidence, and therefore, its conclusions are doubtful. 6. count (n.) 计数 (v.) 计算,数 ➟ (vi.) ________ It is not how much you read but what you read that counts. 7. nurse (n.) 护士,保姆 ➟ (v.) ________ For two days he was nursed by his mother. 8. blue (adj.) 蓝色的 (n.) 蓝色 ➟ (adj.) ________ His songs always make me feel blue. 9. promise (v.) 许诺 (n.) 承诺 ➟ (v.) ________ The dark clouds promise rain. 10. hit (v.) 击中,打击 ➟ (n.) ________ Tuhao is quite a hit of this year. 11. measure (n.) 措施,方法 ➟ (v.) ________ It's hard to measure his ability when we haven't seen his work. 12. ache (v.) 疼痛 (n.) 痛感 ➟ (v.) ________ Having left for ages,he was aching for home. 13. ground (n.) 地面 ➟ (n.) ________ He has strong grounds for more money. 14. stand (v.) 站立 ➟ (v.) ________ (n.) ________ The author could not stand living in a wooden house. I found the fish stand surrounded in a sea of customers. 15. develop (v.) 发展；开发 ➟ (v.) ________ Did you have the films developed? 16. taste (v.) 品尝 ➟ (n.) ________ While she was in Paris, she developed a taste for fine art. 17. absent (adj.) 缺席的 ➟ (adj.) ________ She looked at the picture in an absent way. 18. operate (vi.) 运转；做手术 ➟ (vi.) ________ The medicine operated quickly. 19. fresh (adj.) 新鲜的 ➟ (adj.) ________ She is quite fresh to the work. 20. position (n.) 位置；职位 ➟ (n.) ________ What's your position on the problem? 21. against (prep.) 反对；倚靠 ➟ (prep.) ________ The picture looks nice against the white wall. 22. read (v.) 阅读 ➟ (v.) ________ I didn't read mother's thoughts at that time. 23. freeze (vi.) 结冰 ➟ (v.) ________ Grandfather froze in fear. Was he going to lose his job? 24. say (vt.) 说 ➟ (vt.) ________ Say that war breaks out, what will you do? 25. attend (v.) 出席 ➟ (v.) ________ The nurse attended to him day and night. 26. sign (n.) 符号 ➟ (n.) ________ (v.) ________ Bearing responsibility for his mistakes is a sign of a man's maturity. Therefore, students should be advised to sign up as soon as possible. 27. foreign (adj.) 外国的 ➟ (adj.) ________ The subject is foreign to all of us. 28. strength (n.) 力气 ➟ (n.) ________ A basketball coach must know the strengths and weaknesses of his players. 29. blank (adj.) 空白的 ➟ (adj.) ________ The stranger returned my greeting with a blank look. 30. walk (v.) 步行 (n.) 行走 ➟ (n.) ________ This society welcomes people from all walks of life. 31. build (vt.) 建造 ➟ (v.) ________ (n.) ________ One should receive training to build up one's confidence. You're right,Josh. He may have a small build. 32. wear (v.) 穿戴 ➟ (v.) ________ I can still remember he was always wearing a smile and willing to help. 33. cause (vt.) 导致 ➟ (n.) ________ Even with a staff of 22 volunteers,Thomas often devotes up to 50 hours a week to his cause. 34. treat (vt.) 对待 ➟ (vt.) ________ (n.) ________ The doctor is skilled at treating heart trouble and never accepts any gift from his patients. Let's go out for lunch—my treat. 35. cloudy (adj.) 多云的 ➟ (adj.) ________ Who will take his place still remains cloudy. 36. store (n.) 商店 ➟ (v.) ________ Although dams can be built to store water for agricultural use in dry areas and dry seasons. 37. coach (n.) 教练 ➟ (v.) ________ She coached me in playing football. 38. narrow (adj.) 狭窄的 ➟ (vt.) ________ Parents and children should communicate more to narrow the gap between them so that they can understand each other better. 39. course (n.) 课程 ➟ (n.) ________ The courses vary with seasons. 40. note (n.) 笔记 ➟ (v.) ________ I noted that her hands were dirty. 41. cover (v.) 覆盖 ➟ (v.) ________ Motor－cars cover a hundred miles in little more than an hour. To cover the cost of hiring a bus, each student will have to pay $10 each time. 42. deal (vi.) 处理 ➟ (n.) ________ Having been cheated in a business deal, he was reduced to nothing. 43. desert (n.) 沙漠 ➟ (v.) ________ He deserted his wife and children and went abroad. 44. explode (v.) 爆炸 ➟ (v.) ________ I'm about to explode! He broke his promise again. 45. exploit (v.) 开采 ➟ (v.) ________ You must exploit every opportunity to learn English. 46. fail (vi.) 失败 ➟ (vi.) ________ William found it increasingly difficult to read,for his eyesight was beginning to fail. 47. encourage (vt.) 鼓励 ➟ (v.) ________ Good health encourages clear thinking. 48. escape (v.) 逃跑 ➟ (v.) ________ The name escapes me for the moment. 49. express (v.) 表达 ➟ (n.) ________ Is there an express from Nanjing to Shanghai? 50. help (vt.) 帮助 ➟ (vi.) ________ Try not to cough more than you can help since it may cause problems to your lungs. 51. ill (adj.) 生病的 ➟ (adj.) ________ It's no good speaking ill of others. She had brought ill luck into her family. 52. inspire (v.) 鼓舞 ➟ (v.) ________ His best music was inspired by the memory of his mother. 53. jump (v.) 跳 ➟ (v.) ________ Last week the price of goods jumped. 54. last (adj.) 最后的 ➟ (adj.) ________ He is the last man I want to see. 55. match (n.) 火柴 ➟ (vt.) ________ She matched the carpet with some very nice curtains in colour. 56. mean (v.) 意味着 ➟ (adj.) ________ means (n.) ________ He is too mean to make a donation. In many places in China, the bicycle is still a popular means of transportation. 57. open (adj.) 打开的 ➟ (adj.) ________ They left the matter open. 58. interest (n.) 兴趣 ➟ (n.) ________ Our family has interests in the business. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $