第二部分 主题群五 主题语境20 对社会有突出贡献的人物（教用版）-【创新教程】2027年高考英语总复习大一轮课时作业（话题版）

高考总复习 英语(H) 主题语境20对社会有突出贡献的人物 学生用书P346 I.阅读理解 take six weeks to produce a result.Kamariza's A methods could make TB diagnoses simpler and For Mireille Kamariza,a graduate student at more accurate. one of the world's top universities,the fight In 2018,Harvard offered Kamariza a posi- against tuberculosis(TB)(结核病)，which sick- tion in its Society of Fellows."I'm the first black ens nearly 10 million people a year,is not just woman biologist at the society,”she says.“At about scientific progress and reputation.It's per- that point,it's not about me any more.It's what sonal. I represent.” Kamariza grew up in the small African coun- 1.What can we infer about Denise Sinankwa? try of Burundi,where many around her were A.She once got infected with TB. stricken with TB.In Burundi,it's rare for girls B.She dreamt about being a scientist. to attend college."Science was something that C.She valued her daughter's education. Europeans and Americans did,"she says."It was D.She encouraged her kids to study science. for other people-not for me..”“I never dreamt 2.What does Kamariza say about Saloua Saidane? A.Saidane had a big influence on her. Kamariza would become a scientist because it is a B.Saidane seldom spoke highly of her. career path that is unknown in Burundi,"says C.Saidane had unrealistic expectations. Denise Sinankwa,Kamariza's mother.She and D.Saidane was unfriendly to her students. her husband were raising four kids,and Sinank- 3.Why did Kamariza work with her partner? wa often did multiple jobs to feed the family.But A.To shorten the time used to cure TB. Sinankwa still pushed Kamariza to do well in B.To produce more reliable TB cultures. school.She wanted her daughter to land a good- C.To develop a faster test to diagnose TB. paying job and be able to support herself. D.To figure out the bacteria leading to TB. When Kamariza was 17,she went to San Di- 4.What can we learn from Kamariza's experi- ego,US,in the fall of 2006 with her brothers. ence? They took various jobs at grocery stores,restau- A.Luck often plays a vital part in scientific re- rants and shops.At San Diego Mesa College,she search. met Saloua Saidane,her chemistry teacher,who B.We should pursue our passions despite diffi- was a fellow French-speaking African."She star- culties. ted my journey into science.She really pushed me C.Hard work does not necessarily pay and kept motivating me and telling me I should off eventually. aim high.Whatever she told me,I did,"says D.Scientific progress and the reputation matter equally. Kamariza.She is now a graduate student at Stan- [语篇解读]这是一篇记叙文。讲述了生于布隆 ford University. 迪的Mireille Kamariza通过努力成为一名科学家 Kamariza wanted to focus on infectious dis- 并研发出了一种更快诊断结核病方法的故事。 ease.So she started brainstorming with her part- l.C[推理判断题。根据第二段“But Sinankwa ner,another graduate student,to figure out a still pushed Kamariza to do well in school.She quicker way to diagnose TB.They eventually wanted her daughter to land a good-paying job came up with a new test that recognises a sugar, and be able to support herself.(但是Sinankwa called trehalose,that is only found in TB bacteria 仍然督促Kamariza在学校取得好成绩。她希 (细菌).Current TB tests take a lot of time and 望女儿能找到一份收入不错的工作，能够养活 effort and are not very sensitive-some infections 自己。)”可知，Denise Sinankwa重视女儿的 are missed.TB cultures are more reliable but 教育。] ·468· 第二部分人与社会 2.A[细节理解题。根据第三段“‘She started The bond with Alfie strengthened to the my journey into science.She really pushed me point that,when she was finally released,she and kept motivating me and telling me I should created a territory with Safina's home at its cen- aim high.Whatever she told me,I did,'says ter.Safina was able to spend hours each day ob- Kamariza.(‘她开启了我的科学之旅。她真的 serving her in the woods as she learned to take 鞭策我，不断激励我，告诉我应该志存高远。无 care of herself in the wild,met two mates,and 论她告诉我什么，我都照做了。’Kamariza说。)” raised chicks of her own. 可知，Kamariza认为Saloua Saidane对她影响 When he heard Alfie calling,Safina said, 很大。] he'd call back and she'd land nearby.Their close- 3.C[细节理解题。根据第四段“So she started ness allowed him to learn more things about brainstorming with her partner,another gradu- screech owls.Field guides,for example,describe ate student,to figure out a quicker way to di- two known calls but he identified six,some of agnose TB.(因此，她开始与她的搭档，另一名 which you have to be quite close to hear.The re- 研究生，进行头脑风暴，找出一种更快的诊断结 lationship also opened a window for Safina onto 核病的方法。)”可知，Kamariza要和她的搭档合 personality differences between Alfie and her ma- 作是为了研发一种更快的结核病诊断方法。] tes. 4.B[推理判断题。根据最后一段“T'm the first When pointed out that his approach to Alfie-in- black woman biologist at the society,'she cluding the act of naming her-ran counter to says.'At that point,it's not about me any widespread scientific practice,Safina said he more.It's what I represent.’(‘我是该协会的 wasn't concerned about violating (conven- 第一位黑人女性生物学家，’她说。‘在那个时 tion,particularly if something interesting like in- 候，一切都不再是关于我了。这就是我所代表 dividual personality differences among owls could 的。’)”结合文章讲述了生于布隆迪的Mireille be learned. Kamariza通过努力成为一名科学家并研发出了 一种更快诊断结核病的方法的故事。可知，Ka The experience caused Safina to think more deeply about humankind's relationship with na- mariza的经历告诉我们即使困难重重，我们应 该追求我们的激情。] ture and the kind of personal connection he was B able to feel with a wild individual."What I learn- It took an ill screech owl(鸣角鹗)to teach a ed from Alfie is that all sentient(有情感的)be- scientist the value of up-close-and-personal study. ings seek a feeling of well-being and freedom of In his Harvad talk,Carl Safina,an ecologist movement,Safina said."That's a guide to what's and author of Alfie and Me:What Owls Know, right and what's wrong to me." What Humans Believe,recalled that the chick 5.What do we know about Alfie? was found dying in his backyard.Safina took it in A.She developed a close bond with Safina. and planned to nurse it back to health and then B.She was a fictional character in Safina's book. perform release.But the owlet's flight feathers C.She intentionally landed in Safina's back- didn't grow properly.Safina delayed the release. yard. Over those extended months,Safina got to know D.She was dying because of the broken flight Alfie in ways that moved and changed him. feathers. "An owl found me and then I was watching 6.What happened after Safina released Alfie? ‘an owl',”he said..“It was no longer an owl af- A.Alfie chose to stay with Safina at his home. ter a while,it was 'she'because she had a histo- B.They maintained a continous communica- ry with me.This little owl,who was with me tion. much longer than I thought she would be,be- C.Alfie met mates and raised chicks by herself. came an individual to me by that history and all D.Safina kept his distance from her to prevent those interactions..” attachment. ·469· 高考总复习英语(H) 7.What did Safina achieve in his study? 8.C[推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“‘What I A.Recording six different calls of the screech owl. learned from Alfie is that all sentient(有情感 B.Identifying different types of owls by their beings seek a feeling of well-being and calls. freedom of movement,'Safina said.That's a C.Learning how to release owls back into the guide to what's right and what's wrong to wild. me.’(‘我从阿尔菲那里学到的是，所有有情感 D.Understanding personality differences among 的生物都寻求幸福感和自由的移动，’萨菲纳说。 owls. ‘这对我来说是判断对错的指南。')”可知，Safina 8.How did Safina's experience with Alfie 对生物的幸福产生了深深的欣赏。] impact him? Ⅱ.完形填空 A.He became more focused on exploring na- Among the chaos of Hurricane Francine,a ture. dramatic rescue unfolded on live television.On B.He initiated his commitment to wildlife the evening of Wednesday,September 11,Miles conservation. Crawford,an off-duty emergency nurse in Lake- C.He developed a deep appreciation for the view,Louisiana,1 when he learned someone welfare of living creatures. was 2 in a sinking pickup truck in floodwa- D.He decided to guide readers to distinguish ters just 200 feet from his home. between right and wrong. At around 8 45 p.m.,Crawford received a [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了生 (n)3 text from his brother,saying that a 态学家Carl Safina与一只名叫Alfie的鸣角鹗的 news crew accidentally caught a(n)4 scene. 故事，以及这段经历对他的影响。 A vehicle dived into a nearby canal with the driver 5.A[细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Over those stuck in it. extended months,Safina got to know Alfie in Without hesitation,Crawford ran to the ways that moved and changed him.(在那些漫 5.As Crawford approached the sinking 长的月份里，萨菲纳以一种感动并改变他的方 truck,a police officer told him about the 6 式了解了阿尔菲。)”根据第三段“This little conditions.Despite the warning,Crawford quick- owl,who was with me much longer than I ly took 7 into his own hands.At the sudden thought she would be,became an individual to realization of the 8 of a tool to break the win- me by that history and all those interactions. dow,he dashed back to his house to grab a (这只小猫头鹰，它和我在一起的时间比我想象 hammer.When he 9 the chest-high floodwa- 的要长得多，通过那段历史和所有这些互动，它 ters and reached the vehicle,the water had 10 成为了我的一部分。)”可知，Safina与Alfie建 the driver's chin,and time was running out. 立了紧密的联系。] Crawford 11 the man to move to the back of 6.B[细节理解题。根据文章第五段“When he the truck,where the water was 12 shallower, heard Alfie calling,Safina said,he'd call back and broke the back window with his hammer. and she'd land nearby.(当他听到阿尔菲的叫声 He pulled the man out,guided him through 时，萨菲纳说，他会回应，她就会降落在附近。)” the floodwaters,and helped him climb over to 可知，他们保持了持续的交流。] 13 Just 10 minutes later,the truck 14 7.D[细节理解题。根据文章第五段“The rela fully into the water. tionship also opened a window for Safina onto Crawford said his background as an emergen- personality differences between Alfie and her cy nurse helped him stay 15 throughout the mates.(这种关系也为萨菲纳打开了一个窗口， rescue."I'm used to high stress and high level of 让他看到阿尔菲和她的伴侣之间的性格差 things on a daily basis,he told news reporters. 异。)”可知，Safina理解了猫头鹰之间的性格 1.A.jumped at the offer B.sprang into action 差异。] C.drew a conclusion D.rose to his feet ·470 第二部分人与社会 2.A.recognized B.filled 知有人在距离他家仅200英尺的洪水中被一辆 C.caught D.abandoned 正在下沉的皮卡车困住后，立即采取了行动。 3.A.unacceptable B.unbelievable A.recognized认出；B.filled填充；C.caught抓 C.unavoidable D.unexpected 住；D.abandoned遗弃。由下文“with the driver 4.A.heartbreaking B.fun-filled stuck in it”可知，这里指有人“困于”车里，be C.painstaking D.eye-catching caught in,表“陷于”，符合句意。故选C项。] 5.A.stage B.concert 3.D[考查形容词词义辨析。句意：晚上8点45 C.scene D.theatre 分左右，克劳福德收到了他兄弟的一条意外短 6.A.unique B.stable 信，称一名新闻工作人员意外捕捉到了一个令 C.secure D.dangerous 人心碎的场景。A.unacceptable不可接受的； 7.A.claims B.matters B.unbelievable难以置信的；C.unavoidable不 C.choices D.contributions 可避免的；D.unexpected想不到的，意外的。由 8.A.delivery B.control 下文“A vehicle dived into a nearby canal with C.need D.loss the driver stuck in it”以及语境可知，这消息是 9.A.worked out B.checked out 克劳福德“意外”收到的。故选D项。] C.looked into D.dived into 4.A[考查形容词词义辨析。句意：晚上8点45 10.A.attacked B.washed 分左右，克劳福德收到了他兄弟的一条意外短 C.reached D.damaged 信，称一名新闻工作人员意外捕捉到了一个令 11.A.appointed B.instructed 人心碎的场景。A.heartbreaking令人心碎的； C.threatened D.promised B.fun-filled充满乐趣的；C.painstaking刻苦 12.A.slightly B.typically 的；D.eye-catching引人注目的。由下文“Ave- C.dramatically D.previously hicle dived into a nearby canal with the driver 13.A.comfort B.distance stuck in it'”可知，这是一个“令人心碎的”的场 C.square D.safety 景。故选A项。] 14.A.bumped B.sank 5.C[考查名词词义辨析。句意：克劳福德毫不 C.collapsed D.exploded 15.A.calm B.fair 犹豫地跑到了现场。A.stage阶段；B.concert 音乐会；C.scene场景，现场；D.theatre剧院。 C.smart D.different [语篇解读]这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了迈尔 由下文“Crawford approached the sinking 斯·克劳福德救出掉入水中卡车司机的故事。 truck”可知，这里指克劳福德到达了“现场”。故 1.B[考查动词词组辨析。句意：9月11日星期 选C项。] 三晚上，路易斯安那州湖景市的一名休班急救 6.D[考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当克劳福德 护士迈尔斯·克劳福德(Miles Crawford)在得 走近正在下沉的卡车时，一名警察告诉他危险 知有人在距离他家仅200英尺的洪水中被一辆 的情况。A.unique独特的；B.stable稳定的； 正在下沉的皮卡车困住后，立即采取了行动。 C.secure安全的；D.dangerous危险的。由下文 A.jumped at the offer欣然接受提议；B.sprang “Despite the warning”可知，这里指一名警察告 into action迅速采取行动；C.drew a conclusion 诉他“危险的”情况。故选D项。] 得出结论；D.rose to his feet站起身来。由下文 7.B[考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管有警告，克 "Without hesitation,Crawford ran to the 5." 劳福德还是很快把事情掌握在自己手中。 可知，这里指克劳福德在知道卡车困在水中后 A.claims索赔；B.matters事情；C.choices选 “迅速采取行动”。故选B项。门 项；D.contributions贡献。由下文“he dashed 2.C[考查动词词义辨析。句意：9月11日星期 back to his house to grab a hammer'”可知，这里 三晚上，路易斯安那州湖景市的一名休班急救 指克劳福德把救人“事情”掌握在自己手中。故 护士迈尔斯·克劳福德(Miles Crawford)在得 选B项。] ·471… 高考总复习英语(H) 8,C[考查名词词义辨析。句意：突然意识到需 知，这里指10分钟后，卡车就完全“沉没”于水 要一个工具来打破车窗，他冲回家里抓起一把 中。故选B项。] 锤子。A.delivery递送；B.control递送；C.need 15.A[考查形容词词义辨析。句意：克劳福德 需求，需要；D.loss损失。由下文“he dashed 说，他作为一名急救护士的背景帮助他在整个 back to his house to grab a hammer'”可知，这里 救援过程中保持冷静。A.calm冷静的；B.fair 指“需要”用一个工具来打破车窗。故选C项。] 公平的；C.smart聪明的；D.different不同的。 9.D[考查动词词组辨析。句意：当他潜入齐胸 由下文“T'm used to high stress and high level 高的洪水中到达车辆时，水已经到达了司机的 of things on a daily basis”可知，克劳福德习惯 下巴，时间不多了。A.worked out算出； 于每天承受高压力和高水平的事情，所以在整 B.checked out检查；C.looked into调查； 个救人过程中很“冷静”。故选A项。] D.dived into潜入水中。由下文“the chest-high Ⅲ.应用文写作 floodwaters”以及语境可知，这里指克劳福德 假定你是李华，你们班本周将举行一次英文 “潜入水中”准备救人。故选D项。] 主题班会，介绍为人类做出突出贡献的人物。请 10.C[考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他潜入齐胸 你写一篇短文，内容包括： 高的洪水中到达车辆时，水已经到达了司机的下1.人物简介； 巴，时间不多了。A.attacked攻击；B.washed洗2.做出的贡献； 涤；C.reached达到；D.damaged损坏。由下文 3.你的感想。 “the driver's chin”以及语境可知，这里指河水 注意：1.词数80左右； 快“达到”司机的下巴，司机快被淹了。故选 2.请按如下格式在相应位置作答。 C项。] 11.B[考查动词词义辨析。句意：克劳福德指示 该男子移到卡车后部，那里的水稍浅，并用锤子 砸碎了后窗。A.appointed任命；B.instructed 指示；C.threatened威胁；D.promised承诺。由 上文“the water had 10 the driver's chin”可 知，水已经到达了司机的下巴，所以克劳福德 “指示”他去卡车后部以免被淹。故选B项。] 12.A[考查副词词义辨析。句意：克劳福德指示 [参考范文] 该男子移到卡车后部，那里的水稍浅，并用锤子 Tu Youyou 砸碎了后窗。A.slightly稍微地；B.typically通 Tu Youyou is a great Chinese medical scien- 常；C.dramatically戏剧性地；D.previously先 tist. 前地。由下文“shallower”以及语境可知，这里 Determined to help those suffering from ma- 指卡车尾部水“稍微”浅一点。故选A项。] laria,Tu Youyou devoted most of her time to 13.D[考查名词词义辨析。句意：他把那个人拉 finding the cure.Luckily,her efforts paid off.In 了出来，引导他穿过洪水，并帮助他爬到安全地 2015,she was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physi- 带。A.comfort舒适；B.distance距离；C.square广 ology or Medicine for discovering artemisinin, 场；D.safety安全。由上文“He pulled the man which is the key to the treatment of malaria.Be- out”以及语境可知，这里指克劳福德把那个人拉 hind her success were numerous failures and set- 了出来并带他爬到“安全”地带。故选D项。] backs,but never did she give up. 14.B[考查动词词义辨析。句意：仅仅10分钟 So great is her contribution to the world that 后，卡车就完全沉入水中。A.bumped撞到；B. she has become an idol of many people,including sank沉没；C.collapsed坍塌；D.exploded爆炸。 me.Inspired by her story,I decide to study har- 由上文“in a sinking pickup truck”以及语境可der so as to realize my dream. ·472·