第二部分 主题群五 主题语境19 不同民族：文化习俗与传统节日（教用版）-【创新教程】2027年高考英语总复习大一轮课时作业（话题版）

第二部分 人与社会 主题群五 主题语境19不同民族：文化 I.阅读理解 A The traditional Chinese solar calendar divides the year into 24 solar terms.Grain Rain,as the last term in spring,originates from the old say- ing,"Rain brings up the growth of hundreds of grains.” Key time for agriculture Grain Rain falls between the end of spring and the beginning of summer,with infrequent cold air moving to the south and lingering cold air in the north.It brings a marked increase in tem- perature and rainfall and the grains grow faster and stronger.It's a key time to protect the crops from insect pests. Drinking tea There is an old custom in southern China that people drink tea on the day of Grain Rain. Spring tea during Grain Rain is rich in vitamins and amino acids,which can help to remove heat from the body and is good for the eyes. Eating toona sinensis People in northern China have the tradition to eat toona sinensis during Grain Rain.An old Chinese saying goes,"Toona sinensis before the rain is as tender as silk.The vegetable is nutri- tious and can help to strengthen the immune sys- tem. Grain Rain Festival The Grain Rain Festival is celebrated by fish- ing villages in the coastal areas of northern China. Grain Rain marks the start of the fishermen's first voyage of the year.People worship the sea and stage sacrifice rites on the Grain Rain Festival, praying for a bountiful harvest and a safe voyage for their loved ones. 1.Why is Grain Rain important for agriculture? A.It marks the end of cold weather. B.It brings a slight climatic variation. C.It creates a chance for pests to multiply. D.It provides increased rainfall for crop growth. 2.Why do people eat toona sinensis during Grain Rain? A.To enjoy its best taste. B.To improve their vision. C.To get rid of heat of the body. D.To make their skin smooth. ·46 第二部分人与社会 历史、社会与文化 习俗与传统节日学生用书343 3.What's the significance of Grain Rain in the coastal northern China? A.A sign of the end of bitter winter. B.The arrival of the fishing season. C.A celebration of a religious festival. D.A pray for an abundant tea harvest. [语篇解读]本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了 “谷雨”节气的一些习俗活动。 l.D[细节理解题。根据Key time for agriculture 部分中的“It brings a marked increase in tem perature and rainfall and the grains grow faster and stronger.(它带来了温度和降雨量的显著 增加，谷物生长得更快、更强壮。)”可知，谷雨对 农业很重要是因为它为作物生长提供了更多的 降雨。] 2.A[细节理解题。根据Eating toona sinensis部 分中的“An old Chinese saying goes,‘Toona sinensis before the rain is as tender as silk.' The vegetable is nutritious and can help to strengthen the immune system.(中国有句古话 叫‘雨前香椿嫩如丝’。这种蔬菜营养丰富，有 助于增强免疫系统。)”可知，谷雨时节人们吃香 椿是为了享受它最好的味道。] 3.B[细节理解题。根据Grain Rain Festival部 分中的“The Grain Rain Festival is celebrated by fishing villages in the coastal areas of north- ern China.Grain Rain marks the start of the fishermen's first voyage of the year..(谷雨节是 中国北方沿海地区的渔村庆祝的节日。谷雨标 志着渔民们一年中第一次航海的开始。)”可知， 谷雨在中国北方沿海代表捕鱼季节的到来。] B Across the US,small farmers have been struggling for years to cover their costs of pro- duction.Even for organic farmers,who can sell the produce at higher prices,making a profit is tough.But throughout the Midwest,a new farm- to-table strategy is helping some farmers. At Stoney Acres in Athens,Wisconsin,the farmyard is transformed every Friday night be- tween May and October-as hundreds of people come to order organic pizzas. On one summer evening,Brenda and Josh Murray order one of the simple pizzas:pepperoni. All the ingredients(食材)，except the cheese,are grown on the farm.The cheese is made at a neighboring family farm.Even the sausages are from pigs raised at Stoney Acres. 高考总复习英语(H) Kat Becker and Tony Schultz,the owners of Stoney Acres have been selling their produce through a Community Supported Agriculture (CSA)pro- gram.They also produce honey and supply vege- tables to a local school.But pizza is opening a new frontier for their farm. "Our CSA program,which has been our backbone and used to be about 85%of our in- come,is now a little bit more than 50%of our in- come,”Becker says.“In these growing direct markets,we can have more control over the pri- cing.” While cutting out the middle man may be an advantage,there's clearly more to it.Sarah Lake- wood has been coming to pizza night at Stoney Acres since it started. "I had never experienced anything like it be- fore,”she says..“It got to the point where we were coming every week and,then,when we were here that last night the first summer.I felt like we were going to lose some friends for six months.” It's estimated that there are now a few dozen farms in Wisconsin,Mipnesora and lowa offering pizza nights.Lots of family farmers have given up the farm since pizza night offers a way to in- crease their odds of survival while offering a new social space for their customers. 4.Which of the following can best describe the US small farmers? A.Farming is not very profitable. B.Organic produce is very profitable. C.The costs of production are decreasing. D.There are many easier ways to make money. 5.According to the text,the farm-to-table strate- gy A.will help popularize organic farming B.has already replaced the CSA program C.can give farmers more say on the prices D.is facing fierce resistance from middle men 6.What does Sarah Lakewood like about the pizza night? A.The cheap food. B.The foreign ingredients. C.The weekly parties. D.The friendly atmosphere. 7.In which section of a newspaper may this text appear? A.Technology. B.Agriculture. C.Culture. D.Advertisement. ·46 [语篇解读]本文为一篇说明文。文章主要讨论 了美国小农场主面临的挑战以及一种新的“农场 到餐桌”的策略如何帮助他们增加收入和社交 空间。 4.A[细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Across the US,small farmers have been struggling for years to cover their costs of production.”可知， 美国小农场主一直都在尽力支付其生产成本， 故其农业不是很赚钱，故选A。」 5.C[推理判断题。根据文章第三段中“All the ingredients(食材)，except the cheese,are grown on the farm.The cheese is made at a neighboring family farm.Even the sausages are from pigs raised at Stoney Acres.”和第五段 “‘Our CSA program,which has been our back bone and used to be about 85%of our income, is now a little bit more than 50%of our in- come,'Becker says.'In these growing direct markets,we can have more control over the pricing.’”可推知，“农场到餐桌”的策略减少了 农民对CSA项目的依赖，使得农民对价格有了 更多的控制权，故选C。] 6.D[推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“‘Ihad never experienced anything like it before,'she says.'It got to the point where we were coming every week and,then,when we were here that last night the first summer.I felt like we were going to lose some friends for six months..’(她说道：‘我以前从来没有经历过这 样的事情。这已经到了我们每周都要来的地 步，然后，当我们第一个夏天来的最后一个晚上 的时候，我感觉我会失去一些朋友六个月。’)” 可推知，Sarah Lakewood喜欢的是大家在一起 度过的时间，在一起的这种友好的氛围，分开后 就感觉会失去这些朋友，故选D。] 7.B[推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Across the US,small farmers have been struggling for years to cover their costs of production.(在美 国，小农场主多年来一直在努力支付生产成 本。)”以及后文的介绍可知，本文主要讨论了美 国小农场主面临的挑战以及一种新的“农场到 餐桌”的策略如何帮助他们增加收入和社交空 间，故这篇文章最可能出现在报纸的农业专栏 里，故选B。] C “A fish out of water.”“A bike without a chain."There are many metaphors for culture shock, all of which attempt to describe the unique experi- ence of being far from one's home country and culture. 女 Scientists have studied culture shock for over a century.Rather than focus on the purely negative aspects,psychologists describe it as a process of stress and adjustment.The first stage is the hon- eymoon phase,when we are filled with excite- ment about being in another country.Eventually, as daily challenges arise,we enter a state of crisis and anxiety,harboring unfriendly feelings about the host culture.The longer we are immersed in the culture,we adjust and recover from those negative feelings.Finally,after some time we ad- just even more and fully accept the new culture. One of the factors that determines how we react to cultural stress is our personality.Not surprisingly,extraverts(外向者)tend to have an easier time adjusting to new cultures.That is be- cause being in a new country means meeting many new people and spending a lot of time around them,and extraverts thrive in these situations. But introverts simply prefer to be alone after spending time in groups,and only have limited energy to spend in social settings. Cultural intelligence,or CQ,also plays its part.Cultural intelligence is defined as the capa- bility of an individual to function effectively in situations characterized by cultural diversity.It has to do with our interest in interacting with people from culturally diverse backgrounds,and our ability to adapt to new cultural context.It is argued that the higher our CQ,the lesser the effect of culture shock on our ability to cope in new situations. Many effective coping strategies are interper- sonal.A recent study found that relating to oth- ers with empathy is significantly associated with lower stress levels abroad.The more we are able to take on other people's points of view,the more positive our interpersonal relationships and thus our adaptation to the stress of culture shock. 8.What is the function of the first paragraph? A.Explaining the quotes. B.Raising an argument. C.Introducing the topic. D.Presenting an example. 9.How will a person feel the moment he arrives in a foreign country? A.Anxious. B.Thrilled. C.Shocked. D.Grateful. ·46 第二部分人与社会 10.Who will most probably be affected by the cultural shock? A.An active boy interested in anything new. B.A shy boy unwilling to socialize with strangers. C.A quiet girl open to diverse cultural back- grounds. D.A communicative girl fluent in the local language. 11.What is important for dealing with the cultur- al shock? A.Lowering the stress level. B.Developing self-awareness. C.Analyzing the cause of discomfort. D.Understanding others with sympathy. [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了文 化冲突的含义、遭受文化冲突的原因和应对文化 冲突的方法。 8.C[推理判断题。根据文章第一段“‘A fish out of water..’‘A bike without a chain.’There are many metaphors for culture shock,all of which attempt to describe the unique experi- ence of being far from one's home country and culture.”以及第二段“Scientists have studied culture shock for over a century.Rather than focus on the purely negative aspects,psycholo- gists describe it as a process of stress and ad- justment..”可推知，第一段用两个习语引入“文 化冲突”这一主题。故选C。] 9.B[细节理解题。根据第二段“The first stage is the honeymoon phase,when we are filled with excitement about being in another coun- try.(第一个阶段是蜜月期，我们对来到另一个 国家充满了兴奋。)”可知，人们刚到国外时的感 觉是兴奋的。故选B。] l0.B[推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Not sur- prisingly,extraverts(外向者)tend to have an easier time adjusting to new cultures..(毫不奇 怪，外向的人往往更容易适应新文化。)”以及 "But introverts simply prefer to be alone after spending time in groups,and only have limited energy to spend in social settings.”可推知，内 向的人更容易受文化冲击。故选B。] l1.D[细节理解题。根据第五段“A recent stud- y found that relating to others with empathy is significantly associated with lower stress levels abroad.(最近的一项研究发现，用同理心与他 人交往，在国外的压力水平会显著降低。)”可 知，带着同理心理解他人是应对文化冲突的有 效方法。故选D。] 5 高考总复习英语(H) D Almost every human culture on earth has its own music.The oldest discovered musical instru- ments date back over 40,000 years to the Stone Age.But scientists believe that music itself could be much older than that,originating alongside language.Why did music become so closely relat- ed to the human experience?I think it gave our ancestors significant survival advantages. In prehistoric times,music strengthened the bond between community members.Singing and drumming together released chemicals like oxyto- cin,dopamine and endorphins in the brain,which led to positive emotions that allowed groups to cooperate better in hunting,child-caring and pro- tection against outside threats.Singing while working made labor less boring and tiring.Our brains seem wired at birth to link music with pos- itive emotions and togetherness and mothers may have sung to little babies as an early form of emo- tional communication. Music also enhanced defenses.Guards beat- ing drums and making noise during the night sig- naled that they were ready to counter surprise en- emy attacks.Young night watchmen sang to indi- cate they were awake and vigilant.Soldiers used instruments to send warning calls across longer distances. In all these ways,music enhanced survival odds over human evolution(进化).Groups that could make music together-whether a simple drum- beat or a beautiful song-were more communica- tive,cooperative and defensive.Natural selection then passed on the capacity for music to the next generations. Supporting this,scientists have discovered specific regions of the brain devoted to musical processing.Babies have the ability to detect mu- sical patterns and tones.Even patients with se- vere dementia(痴呆)respond emotionally and physically to their favorite childhood songs when nothing else can cause a reaction. So next time you find yourself singing along to a catchy tune,remember that music is part of what makes us uniquely human.Our Stone Age ancestors sang and drummed because it enhanced their survival.We engage with music now simply because we are born to do so. 12.What is an advantage of music according to the text？ A.It could keep soldiers awake. B.It could help babies speak earlier. C.It could enhance productivity. D.It could cure certain rare diseases. ·46 13.Which best explains the word "vigilant"un- derlined in Paragraph 3? A.Tired. B.Hungry. C.Strong. D.Watchful. 14.What does the author intend to do in Para- graph 5? A.Summarize the previous paragraph. B.Add some background information. C.Introduce a new topic for discussion. D.Provide some advice for the readers. 15.Which of the following can be the best title for the text？ A.My View About the Importance of Music B.Every Human Culture Has its Unique Music C.The Oldest Musical Instrument Was Un- earthed D.Music May Come Into Existence Before Lan- guage [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述 的是音乐在人类社会发展中所起到的重要作用。 l2.C[细节理解题。根据第二段的句子“Singing and drumming together released chemicals like oxytocin,dopamine and endorphins in the brain,which led to positive emotions that al- lowed groups to cooperate better in hunting, child-caring and protection against outside threats.Singing while working made labor less boring and tiring,(一起唱歌和打鼓会在 大脑中释放催产素、多巴胺和内啡肽等化学物 质，从而产生积极的情绪，使团队在狩猎、照顾 孩子和抵御外部威胁方面能够更好地合作。 边工作边唱歌可以减少劳动的无聊和疲劳。)” 可知，音乐可以提高生产力。故选C项。] 13.D[词句猜测题。根据划线单词前的部分 "Young night watchmen sang to indicate they were awake(年轻的守夜人唱歌表明他们醒 着)”可知，守夜人肯定需要保持清醒和警惕， 所以，划线单词vigilant与watchful“警惕的” 意义一致。故选D项。] 14.B[推理判断题。第五段开头的this指的是 上一段最后一句提到的“Natural selection then passed on the capacity for music to the next generations.(自然选择将音乐的能力传给了下 一代。)”，而第五段提到的这些例子“Babies have the ability to detect musical...else can cause a reaction..(婴儿有识别音乐模式和音调 的能力。即使是患有严重痴呆症的患者，在没 有其他任何东西能引起反应的情况下，也会对 他们最喜欢的童年歌曲做出情感和身体上的 反应。)”正是为了说明人类的音乐能力是遗传 下来的，所以，第五段的作用是提供信息证明 上一段提出的观点：自然选择将音乐的能力传 给了下一代。故选B项。] 15.A[主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲 述的是音乐在人类社会发展中所起到的重要 作用。所以用A项“My View About the Im portance of Music(我对音乐重要性的看法)” 作为本文的题目，与文章主题相符合。故选 A项。] Ⅱ.阅读七选五 (2024·山东济南市高三模拟)It seems a bit strange to imagine ancient Egyptians celebrating their birthdays with layered cakes topped with lighted candles.1 The first birthday cakes were nothing of what they are today and weren't even called birthday cakes.2 At that time only they could afford to celebrate with something sweet.That is how cake became associated with special occa- sions. Ancient Egyptians are credited with"inventing"the birthday celebration.And ancient Greeks borrowed the tradition but rightfully realized that a dessert would make the celebration all the more meaning- ful.So they baked moon-shaped cakes to offer up to the moon.3 It wasn't just the ancient Egyptians and Greeks who celebrated with sweet cakes.4 And it's be- lieved that the original birthday cake came from them.Rather than just celebrating birthdays, though,ancient Rome was known for celebrating all things with a cake including wedding,but there was an exception-the birthdays celebrated were only for men who were citizens,and they had to be famous. Modern birthday parties are said to get their roots from the 18th-century German celebration. On the morning of a child's birthday,he or she would receive a cake with lighted candles that added up to the child's age plus one.5 The birthday child would make a wish,try to blow out all the candles in one breath,and dig in. A.Ancient Romans also had their traditions. B.Rather,they were symbolic of the noble class. C.Ancient Greeks made the first birthday cakes. D.On birthday,children would eat cakes made by their mums. E.They also decorated the cakes to make them shine like the moon. F.This extra candle was called the light of hope for another new year. G.However,they're the ones who first came up with the idea to do so. ·46 第二部分人与社会 [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍 了蛋糕的起源以及它的发展史。 l.G[根据上文“It seems a bit strange to imag ine ancient Egyptians celebrating their birth- days with layered cakes topped with lighted candles.”说明这是古埃及人的一种怪异的想 法，结合选项G项“However,they're the ones who first came up with the idea to do so. 而，他们是最先提出这个想法的人。)”上下文紧 密连接，和上文意思一致，其中they指代的就是 ancient Egyptians。.] 2.B[根据上文“The first birthday cakes were nothing of what they are today and weren't even called birthday cakes.”说明过去的生日蛋 糕与今天的生日蛋糕完全不同。下文“At that time only they could afford to celebrate with something sweet.That is how cake became as- sociated with special occasions.”说明蛋糕的特 殊性。故可推断空格处内容为过去的蛋糕和现 在的蛋糕不同的原因。结合选项B项“Rather, they were symbolic of the noble class.(相反，它 们是贵族阶级的象征。)”解释不同的原因，上下 文语意连贯。] 3.E[根据上文“So they baked moon-shaped cakes to offer up to the moon..”说明对蛋糕的 设计和用意。结合选项E项“They also decora ted the cakes to make them shine like the mo0n.(他们还装饰蛋糕，使它们像月亮一样发 光。)”说明对蛋糕的装饰，上下文意思一致，是 对上文的语意的递进，上下文语意连贯。] 4.A[根据上文“It wasn't just the ancient Egyp tians and Greeks who celebrated with sweet cakes..”;下文“And it's believed that the origi- nal birthday cake came from them.”可推断空格 处内容为还有其他国家或者地方有这样的传统 习俗。结合选项A项“Ancient Romans also had their traditions..(古罗马人也有自己的传 统。)”符合此推断，上下文语意连贯。] 5.F[根据上文“On the morning of a child's birthday,he or she would receive a cake with lighted candles that added up to the child's age plus one..”说明点燃蜡烛的寓意。下文“The birthday child would make a wish,try to blow out all the candles in one breath,and dig in. 也是说明蜡烛的用意。故可推断空格处内容与 蜡烛有关。结合选项F项“This extra candle was called the light of hope for another new year.(这支额外的蜡烛被称为新的一岁的希望 之光。)”符合此推断，说明蜡烛的寓意，和上下 文内容一致，上下文语意连贯。]