第二部分 主题群五 主题语境20 对社会有突出贡献的人物（配套教参）-【创新教程】2027年高考英语总复习大一轮讲义（话题版）

主题群五历史、社会与文化 主题语境20对社会有突出贡献的人物 话 人教版 选择性必修第一册：UNIT1 PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT 与 北师版 必修第二册：UNIT6 THE ADMIRABLE 教材 译林版 必修第三册：Unit4 Scientists who changed the world 话题语料>基础复盘 [Part 1]识记重点单词 [第一组] [第二组] ☐L.artemisinin/,at'mi:smnin/n.[药]青蒿素 20.genius/'d3 i:nios/,n.（pl.geniuses)天才；天资； 天赋 ☐2.authority/:'0 prati/n.权威；权力；官方 2l.institute/nstitju:t/n.(教育、专业等)机构：机 ☐3.boil/bol/vt.&.vi.(使)沸腾；煮开；烧开n.沸 构建筑 腾；沸点 22.liquid/,'likwid/n.液体adi.液体的；液态的 ☐4.botanical/ba'tenk(o)l/adj.植物学的 23.malaria/ms'learia/n.疟疾 24.mourn/moxn/vt.&.vi.哀悼；优伤 ☐5.charge/,tfad3/ut.&.vi.充电；收费；控告；谴责 25.obtain,/b'ten/vt.(尤指经努力)获得，赢得 n.收费；控告；谴责；掌管 vi.(规则、习俗等)存在；流行；沿袭 6.circumstance/'ss:komstons/n.[usually pl.] 26.outspoken./aut'spoukon/adj.直言的；坦诚的 件；环境；状况 27.patent,/'pert(o)nt;'pet(o)nt/n.专利权；专利 证书.获得专利权adj.有专利的；受专利保 ☐7.conduct/,kn'dAkt/vt.&.vi.组织；实施；指挥； 护的 引导；举止 ■ 28.postpone/,p'sp3Un/vt.延迟，延期 ☐8.credit/'kredit/n.赞扬；认可；信用t.存入金 29.professor/,pr3'feso(r)/n.教授 30.publish/'pAbl/vt.出版，发行；发表；公布 额；把…归功于 3L.remarkable/rr'ma:kob(a)l/adj.非凡的；显 ☐9.crucial/'kru(o)l/adj.至关重要的；关键性的 著的 ☐10.data/'deto/n.数据，资料，材料 ☐32.severe/sr'vIo(r)/adj.严重的；剧烈的；严厉的 ☐11.doctorate/.'dpktarot/n.博士学位 33.standout//'staendaot/adj.突出的n.突出的人 (或物) ☐12.draft/dra:ft/m.草稿；草案t.起草；草拟 ☐34.substance/'sAbstons/n.物质；物品；事实根据； ☐l3.encounter/in'kaunto(r)/vt.偶然碰到；遇到n. 内容；重要性 邂逅；遭遇 35.theory/01ori/n.理论；学说 ☐14.easy-going/izi'gwg/adj.随和的；温和宽 ☐36.warm-hearted/wom'hatd/adj.热心肠的 再次背诵时间：月 日 容的 [第三组] ☐l5.experiment/ik'sperimant/n.实验，试验；尝试， ☐37.academy/'kaedomi/n.(艺术、文学、科学等的) 实践vi.做试验，进行实验；尝试 研究院；学会；专科院校→academic adj.学业 的；学术的 ☐16.extract/,'ekstraekt/,n.提取物；摘录 ☐38.acknowledge,/k'nol1d3/vt.承认（属实、权威 /ik'straekt/ 等)；（公开）感谢→acknowledgement n.承认； ☐17.extraordinary./k'stro:d(o)n(o)ri/adj.不一般 感谢 的；非凡的；意想不到的 39.analyse/,'enolaiz/(NAmE-ze)t.分析→ ☐18.flee/fli/vi.&.vt.(fled,fled)迅速离开；逃跑 analysis(pl.analyses)n.分析 40.apparently/'paerantli/adu.显而易见；看来； ☐19.found/faond/vt.创建；建立；把…建立在 显然apparent adj.明显的；清晰可见的；表 再次背诵时间： 月 日 面上的 ·221 高考总复习英语(H) ☐41.commit/k3'mt/t.做出（错事或非法的事）； ☐48.infer/n'f3:(r)/(inferred;inferred)vt.推断，推 犯（罪或错等）；承诺；保证；花（钱或时间）.忠 定→inference n.推断；推理 于（某个人、机构等）；全心全意投入（工作、活 ☐49.intend/In'tend/ui.&.vt.想要；计划；意指→ 动等)→committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的； intended adj.计划的；为…设计或打算的→ 坚信的→commitment n.投入；奉献；承诺； intention n.打算 花费 ☐50.novel,/'nov()l/n.(长篇)小说adj.新颖的；新 ☐42.contribute/kn'tribju:t/vi.&.vt.有助于，促 奇的→novelist n.小说家 进；贡献；投稿；捐助→contribution[C]n.促进 ☐5l.number/'namb3(r)/m.数字；编号；数量 作用；贡献；出资；捐赠物；稿件 numerous adj.许多的（修饰可数名词） ☐43.curious/,'kjuorias/,adj.好奇的；求知欲强的→ curiosity n.好奇心；求知欲→curiously adv.好 52.objective/b'd3 ektiv,/n.目的，目标adj.客观 奇地 的→objectively adv.客观地 □44.declare/.dr'klea(r)/vt.表明，宣称；公布，宣布； 53.politician/ppl'tf(o)n/n.政治家；从政者；政 申报→declaration n.宣称；公布，宣布 客→politics n.政治→political adj..政治的 ☐45.evaluate/r'vaeljueIt/vt.评价；评估→evaluation 54.responsible/,ri'sppnsob(o)l/adj.有责任的；负 n.评价；评估 责的→responsibility n.责任，负责；职责，义务 46.gradual/,'gred3uol/addj.逐渐的；渐进的→ →responsibly adu.可信赖地；负责地 gradually ad.逐渐地；逐步地 55.scientific/,isaian'tifik/adj.科学（上）的；关于 再次背诵时间： 月 日 科学的→science n.科学→scientist n.科学家 [第四组] ■ 56.self/self/n.自我；自身→selfish adj.自私的 ☐47.hope/haUp/n.&.u.希望；期望→hopeful adj. →selfless adj..无私的；忘我的→selflessly 怀有希望的；有希望的→hopeless adj.没有希 addu.无私地；忘我地>selfishness n.自私自利 望的；令人绝望的 再次背诵时间： 月 日 [Part 2] 熟背核心短语 ☐l.asto关于，至于 10.be sentenced to被判处…（徒刑） ☐2.put forward提出，推荐；（使）提前，拨快 11.succeed in doing,.在…方面成功 ☐3.by accident偶然地，意外地 l2.manage to do sth..设法做某事 ☐4.insist on坚决要求 ☐l3.take up a position担任；任职 ☐5.sum up总结；概括 ☐l4.through trial and error反复试验 ☐6.speed up(使)加速 ☐l5.with the objective of带着…目的 ☐7.come to power(开始)掌权；上台 16.have a passion for对…有强烈的爱好 17.commit oneself to(doing)sth.致力于做某 ☐8.be strict with..对…严格的 事；承诺做某事 ☐9.with a bang很成功；引人注目，有强烈影响 再次背诵时间： 日 [Part3]存储经典句式 □1.倍数表达法 13.强调句型 They found that human activity is causing spe- One may think that it is the book writer who is cies to die out 1,000 times faster than normal. in the best position to do film adaptations.有人 他们发现人类活动导致物种灭绝的速度比正常 可能会认为，最擅长改编电影的是作家。（北师 情况快1O00倍。（北师选一UNIT3 CONSERVA 选二UNIT6 THE MEDIA) TION) 4.the first...to do... ☐2.it作形式主语 The woman was Tu Youyou,the first Chinese It is clear that human activity has negatively af- female scientist to be awarded a Nobel Prize for fected all other species on Earth,including ani- her work.这位女士就是屠呦呦，她是第一位因 mals and plants..很明显，人类活动对地球上所 她的工作而获得诺贝尔奖的中国女性科学家。 有其他物种都产生了负面影响，包括动物和植 (北师必二UNIT6 THE ADMIRABLE) 物。（北师选一UNIT3 CONSERVATION) 再次背诵时间：月 日 ·222· 主题群五历史、社会与文化 语基验收>复盘共赢 对应学生用书P168 Part1分类识记单词一用时少·功效高 6.draft n.草稿；草案t.起草；草拟 1l.mourn vt.&.vi.哀悼；忧伤 L.artemisinin.[药]青蒿素 7.encounter vt.偶然碰到；遇到 12.liquid n.液体adj.液体的；液 2.authority n.权威；权力； (尤指令人不快或困难的事) 态的 官方 n.邂逅；遭遇 13.obtain vt..(尤指经努力)获得，赢 单 词 3.credit n.赞扬；认可；信用 8.extract n.提取物；摘录vt.提 得vi.(规则、习俗等)存在 t.存人金额；把…归功于 取；提炼；摘录 14.patent n.专利权；专利证书v.获 意 4.crucial adj.至关重要的；关 9.genius n.(pl.geniuses)天才； 得专利权adj.有专利的；受专利 键性的 天资；天赋 保护的 5.doctorate n.博士学位 l0.institute n.(教育、专业等) 15.substance n.物质；物品；事实 机构 根据 [记准记牢] [用准用活] 选用左栏单词的正确形式填空 1.boil ot.&vi.（使)沸腾；煮开；烧开n.沸 l.(2024·北京卷)During my third year,I discovered 腾；沸点 that after treating thousands of seeds,I obtained just 2.charge vt..&.vi.充电；收费；控告；谴责n. one plant I could use for experiments. 收费：控告：谴责；掌管 2.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)The winning stories would go in- 3.circumstance n.[usually pl..]条件；环境； to our kiosk and then you would be a published artist. 状况 3.I have been occupied with my study,preparing for the 核 4.conduct vt.&.vi.组织；实施；指挥 coming College Entrance Exam,which is of vital im- 单 5.data n.数据，资料，材料 词 portance to us. 6.experiment n.实验，试验vi.做试验 。 4.100 C is the temperature at which water will boil. 7.extraordinary adj.不一般的；非凡的 5.The government postponed the new proposal because 8.f1eevi.&.vt.迅速离开；逃跑 a lot of people were opposed to it. 9.found v.创建；建立；把…建立在 6.Ensure that you get your battery charged before you 10.postpone vt.延迟，延期 set off from your office. 11.publish vt.出版，发行；发表；公布 7.In the past ten years,the field has given us high-qual- 12.remarkable adj.非凡的；显著的 ity and stable produce regardless of climate circum- l3.severe ad.严重的；剧烈的；严厉的 stances 14.vital adj.必不可少的；极其重要的；充满 8.Last week,severe haze struck my hometown,making 生机的 it too dark to see anything. 223· 高考总复习英语(H) [记准记牢] [用准用活] 1.acknowledge vt.承认（属实、权威等）；（公开）感 用括号内单词的正确形式填空 谢→acknowledgement n.承认；感谢 1.We will remain committed(commit)to the path 2.analyse vt..分析-→analysis n.分析 of peaceful development and shoulder more in- 3.apparent adj.明显的；清晰可见的→apparently ternational responsibilities. adu.显而易见 2.It is widely acknowledged that students should 4.commit vt.做出（错事或非法的事）；犯（罪或错 be evaluated(evaluate)in terms of overall qual- 等)；承诺：保证；花（钱或时间）.忠于（某个人 ity. 机构等)；全心全意投入（工作、活动等）→com 3.Jack came to China with the intention(intend) mitted adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的→com of realizing his dream. 4.(2024·全国甲卷)These developments illus- mitment n.投入；奉献；承诺；花费 trate China's journey towards a modern and ef- 5.contribute vi.&vt.有助于，促成；贡献；投稿；捐 ficient transportation network that balances 助→contribution n.促进作用；贡献；出资；捐赠 convenience with environmental responsibility 物；稿件 (responsible). 6.curious adj..好奇的；求知欲强的curiosity n.好 5.Mary is very selfish (self)and unkind;that's 奇心；求知欲→curiously ad.好奇地 why I am unwilling to make friends with her. 7.declare vt,表明；宣称；公布→declaration n,宣 6.In acknowledgement acknowledge)of her 称；公布，宣布 help,he presented her with a computer. 展单 8.evaluate vt,评价；评估→evaluation n.评价；评估 7.Apparently (apparent),she took no notice of the mistakes he had made in the accident. 9.gradual adj.逐渐的；渐进的→gradually adv..逐 8.These reforms made major contributions(con 渐地；逐步地 tribute)to the stability of the economy. 其 10.hope n.&.u.希望；期望→hopeful adj..怀有希望 活 9.The teacher instructed the little boy to operate 的；有希望的→hopeless adj.没有希望的 the new machine to meet his curiosity (curi- ll.infer vt.推断，推定→inference n.推断；推理 ous). l2.intend vi..&vt.想要；计划；意指→intended 10.They will ask you to sign a declaration(de- adj.为…设计或打算的→intention n.打算 clare)allowing our doctor to disclose your med- l3.novel n.(长篇)小说adj.新颖的；新奇的→nov ical details. elist m.小说家 11.After graduation from college,I gradually l4.objective n.目的，目标adj.客观的→objectively (gradual)adapted myself to living on my own. adu.客观地 12.The researchers hope to make inferences (in- fer)about how information is organized in a l5.politics n.政治→politician n.政治家；从政者→ person's memory. political adj,政治的 13.As for my favourite novelist (novel),it must l6.responsible adj..有责任的；负责的→responsi- be Mark Twain,one of the best known Ameri- bility n.责任，负责；职责→responsibly adv.可信 can writers in the nineteenth century. 赖地；负责地 14.The political(politics)leader turned out to be l7.science n.科学→scientist n.科学家→scientific a person of integrity and dignity,which was ad.科学（上）的；关于科学的 contrary to the rumor. 18.self n.自我；自身→selfish adj.自私的→selfless l5.(2024·北京卷)By learning when to ask for adj.无私的→selflessly adv.无私地→selfishness help,I eventually found myself on the way to n.自私自利 becoming an independent scientist(science). ·224 主题群五历史、社会与文化 上串下联·规律探寻 物质“形态”细观察 后缀-less构成的形容词集锦 ①liquid n. 液体 ①hopeless 没有希望的 ②solid n. 固体 ②careless 粗心的 ③fluid n. 流体 ③useless 无用的 ④steam n. 水蒸气 ④helpless 无助的 ⑤smoke n. 烟 ⑤homeless 无家可归的 ⑥fogn. 雾 ⑥countless 无数的 Part2分组背练短语 一不枯燥·兴趣高 先记牢 再用准 ●[第一组]汉译英 选用左栏短语的正确形式填空 1.put forward 提出，推荐；（使）提前，拨快 1.I must go.I have committed myself to the club 2.insist on 坚决要求 tonight and the members are expecting me. 3.sum up 总结；概括 2.At first,she took up a position as a secretary. 4.come to power (开始)掌权；上台 Soon,she quit it and received a further education 5.manage to do sth. 设法做某事 in a university. 6.commit oneself to (do/doing)sth. 3.Although Mr.Smith insisted on sending their son 致力于做某事；承诺做某事 abroad to receive further education at first,he gave in to his wife eventually. ●[第二组] 英译汉 4.Ever since the new government came to power, 1.by accident 偶然，意外地 people in this nation have experienced great chan- 2.speed up (使)加速 ges they have never expected. 3.be strict with 对…严格的 5.At the end of the lecture,Professor Wang briefly 4.be sentenced to 被判处…（徒刑） summed up his main points about educating students. 5.succeed in doing 在…方面成功 6.The proposal he put forward at the press confer- 6.take up a position 担任；任职 ence deserves to be considered. ◆上串下联·规律探寻 on的动词短语大全 “be十形容词+with”高频短语集锦 ①insist on 坚决要求 ①be strict with.. 对…严格的 ②come on 快点，加油 ②be content with. 对…满意 ③hang on 稍等，别挂断 ③be patient with.. 对…耐心 ④play a joke on 和某人开玩笑 ④be familiar with. 对…熟悉 ⑤keep on 继续 ⑤be bored with.. 对…厌烦 ⑥live on 以…为食 ⑥be popular with.. 受…欢迎 Part 3 句式教材迁移一汇教材·背典句 句型公式 融汇教材 倍数表达法 Qlympus Mons,the largest volcano on Mars,is about twice as high as() Mount Qomolangma..(人教必三UNIT4 SPACE EXPL,ORATION) It is for this reason that(正是由于这个原因)Spanish is the main official language of 强调句型 Peru.(人教必-UNIT2 TRAVELLING AROUND) She immediately became the first woman ever to be hired(第一位被聘为…的女性) the first...to do... as a resident physician in the(OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital..(人教必三 UNIT 2 MORALS AND VIRTUES) ·225· 高考总复习 英语(H) 考点精研>高效练通 对应学生用书P171 [Part 1 核心词汇·多维练透] L.charge vt.&i.充电；收费；控告；谴责n.收费；控告；谴责；掌管 (1)charge sb.for sth.为某物向某人收取费用 [二维写美]一应用文写作之活动安排 charge sb.with (doing)sth. ③作为学生会主席，我被委派负责安排你在天津逗 控告某人（做）某事 留期间的所有活动。 As chairman of the Student Association,I was (2)take charge of 掌管/负责… appointed to take charge of arranging all the activ- in charge of 主管；负责；掌管（表状态） ities during your stay in Tianjin.(take charge of) in the charge of受…的管理；由…负责 As chairman of the Student Association,I was (3)free of charge=for free 免费 appointed to be in charge of arranging all the ac- [一维练透]—单句语法填空 tivities during your stay in Tianjin.(in charge of) DIf you fly economy class for an international [三维学考对接]一典句赏析 flight,you can take 20kg of baggage free of ④(2022·全国乙卷)A special low entrance charge of f2 per person is available to all in full-time ed- charge. ucation,... 2The traffic policeman charged the driver with 所有全日制教育的学生，均可享受每人2英镑的特 speeding and fined him $50. 别低人场费，… 2.vital adj.必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的 be vital for/to... 对…极为重要 >Besides,it's vital that you (should)mind your be of vital importance to..对…至关重要 table manners in China when you attend a dinner It is vital that sb.(should)do sth. party.(it作形式主语) 某人做某事是极其重要的 >In addition,what's vital is that you (should) [一维练透]一单句语法填空 mind your table manners in China when you at- DEnough sleep is vital for/to the students'well- tend a dinner party..(主语从句) being and health. [三维学考对接]一颂中华 2As far as I'm concerned,it is vital to keep 4If we are to make a difference in environmental (keep)accurate records. protection,it's vital that we should begin with [二维写美]—应用文写作之邀请信 small things. ③此外，在中国，当你参加晚宴时，注意餐桌礼仪是 如果我们想在环境保护方面有所作为，至关重要的 至关重要的。 点是我们应该从小事做起。 3.obtain vt..(尤指经努力)获得，赢得i.（规则、习俗等)存在 [易混辨析] acquire;gain;get;obtain;attain 3An investor gains by buying stocks that go up 强调通过持续的努力而获得某物，也 in value. acquire 指日积月累地、渐渐地获得。 The salesperson attained his sales goal for the 侧重指经过努力或有意识的行动而 month. gain 取得某种成就或获得某种利益或 [二维写美]—应用文写作之佳句 好处。 ⑤这位妈妈想知道她的儿子是怎样染上吸毒的恶 为普通用词，使用广泛，可指以任何 习的。 get 方式得到某物，不一定要经过努力。 The mother was in doubt how her son acquired obtain 指通过计划或努力得到或买到某物。 the bad habit of taking drugs. [三维学考对接]—典句赏析 指通过不懈努力达到未曾意料的 attain 结果。 ⑥(2023·新课标I卷)For instance,the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion [一维练透]一选词填空(acquire,obtain,gain, groups of five was significantly more accurate than attain) DHe obtained the property with a bank loan. the average obtained from 20 independent individ- 2It is through learning that the individual ac- uals. quires many habitual ways of reacting to situa- 例如，从四个五人讨论组的估计中获得的平均值明 tions. 显比从20个独立个体中获得的平均值更准确。 ·226· 主题群五历史、社会与文化 4.acknowledge vt.承认（属实、权威等）；（公开）感谢 (1)acknowledge...to be/as... 2 He is widely acknowledged to be(be)the best 承认…是/为… player in the world. acknowledge doing/having done sth. 承认做了某事 [二维写美]一应用文写作之佳句 (2)acknowledged adj. 公认的 ③大家都认为这个越野赛跑是增强我们意志的 It is acknowledged that... …是大家公认的 机会。 (3)acknowledgement n. 承认；感谢 -The cross-country race is acknowledged as/to [一维练透]一单句语法填空 be an opportunity to strengthen our will. DTom acknowledged being defeated/having been defeated(defeat)in the English speech competi >It is acknowledged that the cross-country race is tion,which made us quite depressed. an opportunity to strengthen our will. 5.put forward提出，推荐；（使）提前；拨快 put away 收起来 2This meal is my treat,so put your money away. put down 放下；写下 3He put on his glasses to read the newspaper. put off 推迟，延期 4Remember to put out the light before going out. put on 穿上；上演 [二维写美]—一应用文写作之告知信 put out 扑灭；生产；出版；关掉 put through 使通过；使经历；接通电话 ⑤政府提出了一系列政策措施，以确保人民生活 put up 举起；修建；张贴 水平有所提高。 [一维练透]一单句语法填空 The government has put forward a series of poli- DThe football match was put off because of the cies and measures to ensure the improvement in storm. living standards. 6.insist on坚决要求 insist vi.&.ut. 坚持；坚决要求 [二维写美]一应用文写作之通知 insist on(doing)sth. 坚持（做）某事 ③学生会坚决要求每个参赛者按时到达学校礼堂。 insist that... 坚持说/认为（从句用陈述语气） The Student Union insists that every participant insist that sb.(should)do... should arrive at the school hall on schedule. 坚决要求/主张（从句用虚拟语气） [三维学考对接]——满分作文 [一维练透]一单句语法填空 ④(2022·新高考I卷)David insisted on running DHe insisted on walking me to the station to see as if he had forgotten all his weaknesses,though me off,which nearly moved me to tears. 2The doctor insisted that he was (be)seriously he tripped over within a few kilometers. ill and that he (should)be operated(operate)on 大卫坚持要跑，就好像他忘记了自己所有的弱点一 immediately. 样，尽管他在几公里内就被绊倒了。 [Part2经典句式·写作迁移] 1.倍数表达法 (教材对接)And in America,people who receive25%of their daily calories or more through sugar are twice as likely to die from heart disease than people who receive less than 10%aday.在美国，每天从糖分 中摄取25%或更高卡路里的人死于心脏病的可能性是日摄取量少于10%的人的两倍。（人教选二UNIT3 FOOD AND CULTURE) (1)A+be+倍数+as十adj./adu.原级+as十B [名师点津](1)表示“两倍”时用twice或doub le,三倍或三倍以上用“基数词十times'”表达。 (2)A+be+倍数+adj./adu.比较级+than+B (2)此句型中倍数也可以用分数、百分数，half等其 (3)A+be+倍数+the+名词(size/weight/ 他程度状语来表达。 length ...)+of+B [写作迁移]—一微写作 这部短片讲述了我们学校的发展。现在，我们新学 (4)A+倍数+what从句 校的面积是10年前的三倍大。 227 高考总复习英语(H) DThe short film tells about the development of ger than what it was ten years ago.(倍数+adi./ our school.Now our new school is three times as adu.比较级十than)》 large as what it was ten years ago.(倍数十as+ 3The short film tells about the development of adj./adu.原级十as) our school.Now our new school is three times the 2The short film tells about the development of size of what it was ten years ago.(倍数+the+名 our school.Now our new school is three times lar- 词+of) 2.the first...to do... (教材对接)She immediately became the first woman ever to be hired as a resident physician in the OB GYN department of the PUMC Hospital..她随即成为北京协和医院妇产科有史以来第一位被聘为住院医师 的女性。（人教必三UNIT2 MORALS AND VIRTUES) 句中the first woman ever to be hired为“the+序 [写作迁移]—一微写作 数词+名词+to do sth.”。 ①He is the only man to know the truth(知道真 动词不定式短语通常放于下列两类结构的后面作 相的人). 定语。 2The public never had faith in his ability to do (1)当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级 等修饰时或前有the only、the last、the right the job well(做好这一份工作的能力). 等时，常用动词不定式作后置定语。 ③The next man to approach me(接着向我走过 (2)在time、way、chance、ability、promise等抽 )was selling expensive pens and watches. 象名词后，常用不定式作定语。动词不定式作 ④The plum trees are the first to flower(第一个开 后置定语表示将要发生的动作。 花)even as the snow is melting(融化). 提能加餐>素养培优 对应学生用书P173 [培优1] 多维练通活运用 一、阅读障碍破除 二、语境创新应用 I.熟词生义 文中加黑词汇为本话题中的重点词汇 快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的含义 Madam Curie 1.The way he conducts himself reflects on the party Being an extraordinary woman genius,Madam and will increase criticisms against him. Curie managed 1.to obtain(obtain)two kinds of ra- 表现；举止 dioactive elements,which were vital to physics.2.It 2.The 74-year-old mayor is credited with helping was widely acknowledged that she was born in Po- make Los Angeles the financial capital of the West land in 1867.Distinct from other girls,she had a Coast. 认为是…的功劳 strong passion 3.for science and committed her 3.She is to go to see a doctor and have a tooth ex- whole life to 4.scientific (science)research.After tracted at 3 o'clock today. 拔（牙） 5.graduating(graduate)from high school,she took 4.It's extraordinary that he managed to sleep up a position as a tutor.In 1891,she 6.was admitted through such an important party. 意想不到的 (admit)to Paris University,7.where she achieved 5.I quickly graduated from typical children's books great academic performances and became the first to ones with fewer pictures and longer chapters. woman professor.Under unbearable circumstances, 逐渐升级为 she and her husband spared no effort to analyze and Ⅱ.一词多义 evaluate pitchblende(沥青铀矿)with the objective of 根据语境选出加黑词汇的词性和词义 extracting radioactive elements.Despite numerous sum(up) failures,under no circumstances 8.did(do)the cou- An.金额；总数B.u.总结；合计C.u.总而言之 ple acknowledge defeat.Using flow charts and sum- DThe article summed up the remarkable achieve- ming up 9.what they had studied,the couple finally ments made in electronic computers,artificial sat- drew a 10.conclusion(conclude)that Po and Ra did ellites and rockets. B exist,which was soon spread throughout the world. 2To sum up,there are three main ways of dealing Their theory,as other products and devices,can with the present problem. C stand wear and tear. 3It is important to remember that success is a sum In 1934,Madam Curie passed away and the of small efforts made each day and often takes whole world mourned the great loss of a remarkable years to achieve. A scientist. ·228· 主题群五历史、社会与文化 [培优2]高考语篇培素养Topic:对社会有贡献的人物 ◆真题文本 ◆真题再做 (2o23·新课标I卷)When John Todd was a child,he loved to ex- 1.What can we learn about John plore the woods around his house,observing how nature solved prob- from the first two paragraphs? lems.A dirty stream,for example,often became clear after flowing A.He was fond of traveling. through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived.When he got B.He enjoyed being alone. older,John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up C.He had an inquiring mind. the messes people were making. D.He longed to be a doctor. After studying agriculture,medicine,and fisheries in college,John 2.Why did John put the sludge went back to observing nature and asking questions.Why can certain into the tanks? plants trap harmful bacteria(细菌)？Which kinds of fish can eat cancer- A.To feed the animals. causing chemicals?With the right combination of animals and plants,he B.To build an ecosystem. figured,maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did.He decided C.To protect the plants. to build what he would later call an eco-machine. D.To test the eco-machine. The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances 3.What is the author's purpose from some sludge().First,he constructed a series of clear fiber- in mentioning Fuzhou? glass tanks connected to each other.Then he went around to local A.To review John's research ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals.He plans. placed them in the tanks and waited.Little by little,these different B.To show an application of kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. John's idea. After a few weeks,John added the sludge. C.To compare John's different He was amazed at the results.The plants and animals in the eco- jobs. machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it!Within weeks,it D.To erase doubts about had all been digested,and all that was left was pure water. John's invention. Over the years,John has taken on many big jobs.He developed a 4. What is the basis for John's greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage()from 1,600 homes in work? South Burlington.He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in A.Nature can repair itself. Fuzhou,a city in southeast China. B.Organisms need water to “Ecological design”is the name John gives to what he does.“Life survive. on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor,"he says. C.Life on Earth is diverse. "You put organisms in new relationships and observe what's happening. D.Most tiny creatures live in Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair. groups. [语篇解读]这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了John 子周围的树林，观察大自然是如何解决问题的。例 Todd从小就很爱思考且好学，长大后他建造了一个 如，一条肮脏的小溪流经植物和微小生物居住的岩 生态机器，利用自然可以自我修复的原理来净化 石后，往往变得清澈。长大后，约翰开始思考这个 污水。 过程是否可以用来清理人们制造的脏物。)”以及第 l.C[细节理解题。根据第一段“When John Todd 二段“After studying agriculture,medicine,and was a child,he loved to explore the woods around fisheries in college,John went back to observing his house,observing how nature solved problems. nature and asking questions.Why can certain A dirty stream,for example,often became clear plants trap harmful bacteria(细菌)？Which kinds after flowing through plants and along rocks of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals?(在大学 where tiny creatures lived.When he got older, 学习了农业、医学和渔业之后，约翰又回到了观察 John started to wonder if this process could be 自然和提出问题的生活中。为什么某些植物能捕 used to clean up the messes people were making. 获有害细菌？哪些鱼类会食用致癌化学物质？)”可 (当约翰·托德还是个孩子的时候，他喜欢探索房 知，约翰聪颖好学、好奇心很强。] ·229· 高考总复习英语(H) 2.D[细节理解题。根据第三段“After a few 7.little by little 逐渐地 weeks,.John added the sludge.(几个星期后，约翰 8.take on many big jobs 承担了很多大型工作项目 把污泥加了进去。)”以及倒数第三段“He was (二)由文本积累阅读词汇 amazed at the results.The plants and animals in 1.observe v. 观察 the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began 2.stream n. 小溪 to eat it!Within weeks,it had all been digested, 3.creature n. 生物 and all that was left was pure water.(他对结果感 到惊讶。生态机器里的动植物把污泥当成了食物， 4.process n. 过程 开始吃起来！几周之内，它就被消化了，只剩下纯 5.trap v. 困住 净的水。)”可知，约翰把污泥放进罐子里为了测试 6.remove v. 除去 生态机器。] 7.organism n. 有机体 3.B[推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Over the 8.ecosystem n. 生态系统 years,John has taken on many big jobs.He de- (三)由文本辨熟词生义（将词义对应的字母填到横线上） veloped a greenhouse-like facility that treated sew- 1.spare age(污水)from1,600 homes in South Burling A.额外的B.高挑的C.业余的D.备用的 ton.He also designed an eco-machine to clean ca- nal water in Fuzhou,a city in southeast China. DShe was thin and spare. B (这些年来，约翰承担了许多重大工作。他开发了 2I have several spare batteries in my house. D 一个类似温室的设施，可以处理来自南伯灵顿 2.digest 1600户家庭的污水。他还设计了一种生态机器来 A.消化B.理解C.摘要 D.把…分类 清洁中国东南部城市福州的运河水。)”可推知，作 者提到福州的目的是展示约翰想法的应用。] DThe organization publishes a digest of statistics. 4.A[推理判断题。根据最后一段“You put organ- C isms in new relationships and observe what's happen- 2Allow your food to digest before exercising. ing.Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.(你把生物体放在新的关系 ◆长句缩写 中，观察会发生什么。然后让这些新系统自行发展自 A dirty stream,for example,often became clear 我修复的方式。)”可知，约翰工作的基础是自然可以自 after flowing through plants and along rocks 我修复] where tiny creatures lived. ◆素材积累 [句式剖析]请将句中的“枝叶”（名词短语、介词 (一)由文本积累主题词块 短语、非谓语动词短语、形容词、副词、连词、从句) 1.explore the woods 探索森林 去掉，留下“主干”（主谓宾或主系表）。 2.solve problems 解决问题 3.be used to do 被用来做 A (dirty)stream,(for example),(often)became 4.clean up the messes 清理脏物 clear [after flowing through plants and along rocks 5.combination of animals and plants 动植物结合 (where tiny creatures lived)]. 6.remove harmful substances from some sludge [句子缩写] A stream became clear.(不超过l0 从污泥中除去有害物质 个单词) 写作微练>双向提能 对应学生用书P175 Part 1 应用文写作话题练 ●[Step 1]练表达一夯基固本 ②在他们的支持下，他在伦敦的一个医学院校接受 根据汉语提示完成句子 教育。 ①亚历山大·弗莱明出生在苏格兰并由母亲和哥 With their support,he got educated in a medical 哥抚养长大。 school in London. ③1906年他作为优秀生从该校毕业。 Alexander Fleming was born in Scotland and was In 1906,he graduated from this school as a top brought up by his mother and his elder brother. student. ·230· 主题群五历史、社会与文化 ④他对医学做出了巨大贡献，但是发现青霉素使他 ②用“介词十which”非限制性定语从句改写句⑤ 获得了终生的荣誉。 He was known for this achievement,for which he He made great contributions to medical science, received a Nobel Prize. but it was his discovery of penicillin that made ●[Step3]用衔接—完美成篇 him earn lifelong honor. ⑤因为这个成就他闻名于世，并因此获得诺贝 利用恰当的过渡词汇连句成篇 尔奖。 Alexander Fleming was born in Scotland, He was known for this achievement,and for it he brought up by his mother and his elder brother. received a Nobel Prize. With their support,he got educated in a medical ⑥显然，弗莱明是历史上杰出的科学家之一。 school in London.In 1906,he graduated from this It was obvious that Fleming is one of the brilliant school as a top student.After that he made great scientists in history. contributions to medical science,but it was his dis- ●[Step2]学升级一亮人一眼 改变句式结构以使表达升级 covery of penicillin that made him earn lifelong hon- ①用分词作状语改写句① or.He was known for this achievement,for which Alexander Fleming was born in Scotland,brought he received a Nobel Prize.It was obvious that Flem- up by his mother and his elder brother. ing is one of the brilliant scientists in history. Part2读后续写微技能20一动作描写之“说话” ●[Step 1]场景续写词汇一语料累积 ⑤“嗯。”我颤抖着小声说道。 ①ask问②answer/reply回答 "Yes,"I whispered,trembling. ③announce/declare宣布④add补充说 ⑥他接着问，“你为什么不叫你父母买呢？” 单词 ⑤whisper小声说⑥murmur喃喃地说 He asked again,"Why didn't you ask your parents ⑦sigh叹气⑧cry喊⑨shout大叫 to purchase it?” ⑩scream尖叫①roar大声说，吼叫 ⑦我喃喃地说：“我让他们买了，但他们没钱。” I murmured,"I did,but they didn't have money." ●[Step2]场景续写佳句一完成句子 ⑧他叹了口气说道：“告诉你父母你犯的错误，”然后 根据汉语提示完成句子 说，我可以走了。 ①我心怦怦直跳地走向收银台。我付了三件小东西 He sighed,"Tell your parents about your wrong- 的钱，正准备离开，这时我感觉到有人重重地拍了 doing,"adding that I could leave. 拍我的肩膀。 ●[Step3]过渡衔接美文一连句成篇 My heart beating rapidly,I headed for the regis- 将以上各句合并成小短文并背诵，注意使用合适的衔 ter.I paid for the three small items and was about 接过渡词汇。 to leave when I felt a heavy tap on my shoulder. My heart beating rapidly,I headed for the reg- (独立主格结构) ister.I paid for the three small items and was about ②他是个大侦探。“你偷了东西。你会被搜查的。”他 to leave when I felt a heavy tap on my shoulder.He 说道。 was a big detective."You stole something.You will He was a big detective."You stole something. be searched,"he announced.Frightened,I slid the You will be searched,"he announced. book out from inside the shirt and handed it over. ③我吓坏了，把书从衬衣里悄悄拿出来递了过去。 "An encyclopedia?"And then,he asked,somewhat Frightened,I slid the book out from inside the surprised."Yes,"I whispered,trembling.He asked shirt and handed it over. again,"Why didn't you ask your parents to purchase ④“百科全书？”他有点吃惊地问 it?"I murmured,"I did,but they didn't have mon- “An encyclopedia?”he asked,somewhat sur- ey.”He sighed,“Tell your parents about your wrongdoing,"adding that I could leave. prised. ·231·