课时冲关20 选择性必修四 UNIT 11 CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE（教用版）-【创新教程】2027年高考英语总复习大一轮课时作业（北师大版）

课时冲关20UNIT11 CONFLIC I.阅读A 主题语境：人与自然 体 The biggest risk to UK forests over the next 50 years is a "catastrophic"collapse of their eco- systems,according to a group of experts.The group of 42 researchers were asked to identify the issues that would have the greatest impact on UK forests in the next half-century.The list was topped by "catastrophic forest ecosystem col- lapse",the prospect of a number of risks,from droughts and floods to storms and pests.If ac- tion is not taken,the ecosystem will no longer function effectively. This is the first“horizon scanning”exer cise-a technique to identify relatively unknown threats,opportunities,and new trends-of UK forests.The aim is to help researchers,practi- tioners,policymakers,and society in general,bet- ter prepare for the future and address threats be- fore they become critical. Experts define such a collapse as a "sudden, long-lasting and widespread change in ecosystem state that has major negative impacts on biodiver- sity and key ecosystem services".Those ecosys- tem services include clean air and water.Some species could be pushed to extinction."Forest collapse will have significant short-and long-term influences on the forest,and wider environment, economy and society",the researchers said. The UK is one of the least forested countries in Europe,with 13 percent of land being forested, compared with a European average of 46 percent. The government has a UK tree-planting goal of 30,000 hectares by 2025,but is widely expected to miss it. A spokesman for the Department for Envi- ronment said,"We will continue to work with partners to tackle the challenges and opportuni- ties raised in today's report to ensure our trees and woodlands remain healthy,so they can sup- port habitats and a range of wider environmental benefits..” ·35 基础必备选择性必修第四册 T AND COMPROMISE学生用书P299 或：说明文 话题：英国的森林和生态系统 The Times revealed this year that more than 400,000 trees planted in England to make up for road projects had died since 2018.Experts think an increase in dry springs and hot summers has made tree aftercare harder. [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。专家预测，在 未来50年里，英国的森林和生态系统可能面临毁 灭性崩溃。 1.What's the purpose of the researchers'making the list? A.To apply more serious laws. B.To search for potential opportunities. C.To learn about the overall situation. D.To get an insight into natural disasters. 解析：C[推理判断题。根据第二段中“The aim is to help researchers,practitioners,policy- makers,and society in general,better prepare for the future and address threats before they become critical.(其目的是帮助研究人员、从业 人员、政策制定者和整个社会更好地为未来做 好准备，并在威胁变得严重之前解决它们。)”可 知，制作该清单的目的是了解全局，并把问题消 灭在萌芽状态。] 2.What does Paragraph 3 tell us about the col- lapse of forest ecosystem in the UK? A.Its definition. B.Its process. C.Its consequences.D.Its causes. 解析：C[主旨大意题。通读第三段“Experts define such a collapse as a'sudden,long-lasting and widespread change in ecosystem state that has major negative impacts on biodiversity and key ecosystem services'.Those ecosystem services include clean air and water.Some spe- cies could be pushed to extinction.'Forest col- lapse will have significant short-and long-term influences on the forest,and wider environ- ment,economy and society',the researchers 高考总复习英语(BS) sad.(专家将这种崩溃定义为‘生态系统状态突 然、持久和广泛的变化，对生物多样性和关键的 生态系统服务产生重大负面影响’。这些生态 系统服务包括清洁的空气和水。一些物种可能 会被推向灭绝。研究人员说：‘森林崩溃将对森 林以及更广泛的环境、经济和社会产生重大的 短期和长期影响。’)”可知，本段主要讲述了英 国森林生态系统一旦崩溃可能造成的后果。] 3.What is the UK tree-planting goal like? A.Short-sighted. B.Time-consuming. C.Intolerable. D.Impractical. 解析：D[推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中 "The government has a UK tree-planting goal of 30,000 hectares by 2025,but is widely ex- pected to miss it.(英国政府制定了到2025年 种植3万公顷树木的目标，但人们普遍预计这 一目标将无法实现。)”可知，英国政府的植树目 标不切实际。] 阅读B 主题语境：人与自然 体裁 It was a cold Saturday night in February. Some 200 New Yorkers carefully made their way to the reservoir(水库)in the hopes of catching a glimpse of the magical snowy owl,who had tou- ched down in the park the week before in what was reported as the first visit there by the species in more than 130 years. Except for a few excited screams from chil- dren,people were quiet-patiently awaiting the owl's arrival at the reservoir's north gatehouse. The snowy owl did not disappoint.She flew down from the darkness and surveyed the water and the people holding phones and cameras before taking off into the night to the applause of her many fans.They simply wanted to see this lovely creature whose improbable appearance seemed to signify hope after the lockdown. New Yorkers who had long taken Central Park for granted felt a renewed love for this rec- tangle of green in the heart of the big city and,of course,its amazing wildlife.That the park is a ·3 4.What can we infer about keeping UK forests healthy from the last paragraph? A.It depends on climate. B.It has a long way to go. C.It is bound to be a failure. D.It needs support from all over the world. 解析：B[推理判断题。最后一段中“The Times revealed this year that more than 400,000 trees planted in England to make up for road projects had died since 2018.Experts think an increase in dry springs and hot sum- mers has made tree aftercare harder..(《泰晤士 报》今年透露，自2018年以来，英国为弥补道路 项目而种植的40多万棵树已经死亡。专家认 为，干燥的春季和炎热的夏季增加了树木的养 护难度。)”可知，以前种的树大都死掉了，越来 越干燥的春季和炎热的夏季也不利于树木生 长，所以保持森林的健康任重道远。] :记叙文 话题：中央公园 beautiful and essential refuge is something that humans have only come to fully appreciate during these recent times of uncertainty. Central Park was originally planned and con- structed during another difficult time in the nation's history-in the years before and during the American Civil War.Unlike many European parks that had originally been built for the aris- tocracy(贵族)，Central Park was designed as a public space.In its chief architect Frederick Law Olmsted's words,the poor and rich alike could "easily go there after their day's work is done" and "stroll for an hour,seeing,hearing,and feeling nothing of the noise of the streets. As spring turns into summer,we see people sitting on the grass or benches-catching some sun,having family picnics,or tapping away on their laptops and iPads.Just being in proximity to other people in Central Park gave us a sense of community-the sense that we would somehow persevere 8 [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。开篇以200名 纽约人在水库观赏神奇雪鸦为开头，引出文章的 主题中央公园。揭示了长期以来，纽约人一直把 中央公园视为城市的中心，更是神奇野生动物的 家园。同时交代了中央公园建设的历史背景，不 论是战争年代，还是和平年代，中央公园已然成为 了纽约人的归属感的代表和象征。 5.What did people do in Central Park on that Saturday night? A.They cheered for each other. B.They paid their first visit. C.They came for a rare sight. D.They appreciated a water event. 解析：C[细节理解题。根据第一段中“Some 200 New Yorkers carefully made their way to the reservoir(水库)in the hopes of catching a glimpse of the magical snowy owl.(200名纽约 人小心翼翼地来到水库，希望能一睹这只神奇 的雪鹗的模样。)”以及“as the first visit there by the species in more than 130 years(该物种 130多年来首次来到这里)”可知，人们在周六 的晚上来到中心公园主要是观看一只130多年 来首次来到这里的雪鹗。故选C。] 6.What does the author mainly intend to do in Paragraph 4? A.Give some examples. B.Make a comparison. C.Introduce a new opinion. D.Add background information. 解析：D[推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Cen tral Park was originally planned and construc- ted during another difficult time in the nation's history-in the years before and during the American Civil War.(中央公园最初是在美国 历史上的另一个艰难时期一美国内战前和内 战期间—规划和建造的。)”可知，第四段交代 Ⅱ.完形填空 主题语境：人与社会 The invention of rubber surgical gloves is celebrating its 135th anniversary in 2024! Believe it or not,this little tool 1 in ev- ery doctor's office and hospital was invented out of 2.In 1889,Dr.William Halsted was in love with the nurse and eventual wife,Carolyn Hampton.3 this invention should be named “Rubber Gloves of Love'”. Hospital procedures 4 surgical person- nel to wash and disinfect their hands before inter- acting with patients.Carolyn 5 severe der- ·35 基础必备选择性必修第四册 了中央公园建设的特殊历史时期，为文章讲述 中央公园交代了历史背景。故选D。] 7.What do the underlined words "in proximity to"in Paragraph 5 mean? A.close to B.free from C.at a distance from D.in comparison with 解析：A[词句猜测题。根据第五段中“gave us a sense of community-the sense that we would somehow persevere.(给了我们一种归属 的感觉一一种我们会以某种方式坚持下去的 感觉)”可知，句中的community意为“归属感”， 只有人们之间近距离接触的时候才会有归属 感，A选项意为“接近”，符合题意。门 8.Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A.Find Refuge in Central Park B.Take Your Breath by Snow Owl C.Trace Central Park to difficult times D.Meet an improbable“visitor”in person 解析：A[主旨大意题。根据全文可知，揭示了 长期以来，纽约人一直把中央公园视为城市的 中心，更是神奇野生动物的家园。同时交代了 中央公园建设的历史背景，不论是战争年代，还 是和平年代，中央公园已然成为了纽约人的归 属感的代表和象征。以及根据最后一段中“Just being in proximity to other people in Central Park gave us a sense of community-the sense that we would somehow persevere.(在中夹公 园和其他人近距离接触给了我们一种归属的感 觉一一种我们会以某种方式坚持下去的感 觉。)”可知，人们在中央公园中能够找到人们坚 持下去的归属感。表明中央公园为纽约人提供 了精神慰藉。与A选项“在中央公园找寻慰藉” 符合题意。] 裁：记叙文 话题：橡胶手套发明背后的故事 matitis (due to the use of mercuric chloride (氯化汞)for disinfection.She was almost about to 6 but Halsted wanted to keep her near him.To protect her 7,he thought hard and suddenly,something 8 him.He contacted the Goodyear Rubber Company,asking the engi- neers there to 9 thin rubber gloves for Car- olyn. 10 rubber gloves were very different from what we have today,but they proved to be an excellent 11 to the operating room.The 9 高考总复习英语(BS) gloves were 12 well received.Many other personnel began wearing the gloves.It's general- ly 13 that now they have many uses,far be- yond their original 14.For example,hair- dressers use them to prevent getting poisoned by dyes and solutions used in their business. Whenever I see gloves anywhere,I couldn't help but think of this 15 of inventing the “rubber gloves of love”. [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。如今橡胶手套 在医院随处可见，文章主要讲述了这个发明背后 是一个关于丈夫对妻子的爱的故事。 1.A.seen B.made C.tested D.confirmed 解析：A[考查动词词义辨析。句意：信不信由 你，这个在每个医生的办公室和医院里都能看 到的小工具是出于爱而发明的。A.seen看见； B.made制作；C.tested测试；D.confirmed确 认。根据后文“in every doctor's office and hos- pital”可知，橡胶手套在每个医生的办公室和医 院都能看见。] 2.A.sympathy B.love C.curiosity D.thankfulness 解析：B考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. sympathy同情；B.love爱；C.curiosity好奇心； D.thankfulness感谢。根据后文“Rubber Gloves of Love'”可知，这个工具是出于爱而发 明的。] 3.A.Instead B.Besides C.Indeed D.Otherwise 解析：C[考查副词词义辨析。句意：的确，这 项发明应该被命名为“爱的橡胶手套”。A.In stead相反；B.Besides此外；C.Indeed确实； D.Other wise否则。根据后文可知橡胶手套是 因为丈夫对妻子的爱而发明的，所以“的确”应 该被命名为“爱的橡胶手套”。] 4.A.allow B.cause C.promise D.require 解析：D[考查动词词义辨析。句意：医院程序 要求外科人员在与病人接触之前洗手消毒。 A.allow允许；B.cause造成；C.promise承诺； D.require要求。根据后文“surgical personnel to wash and disinfect their hands before inter- acting with patients'”指医院程序要求外科人员 在与病人接触之前洗手消毒。] ·36 5.A.developed B.discovered C.controlled D.cured 解析：A[考查动词词义辨析。句意：由于使用 氯化汞进行消毒，卡罗琳患上了严重的皮炎。 A.developed发展；B.discovered发现；C.con trolled控制；D.cured治愈。根据后文“severe dermatitis(皮炎)due to the use of mercuric chloride(氯化汞)for disinfection”指由于使用 氯化汞进行消毒，卡罗琳患上了严重的皮炎，此 处develop表示“患病”。] 6.A.succeed B.graduate C.resign D.retire 解析：C[考查动词词义辨析。句意：她几乎就 要辞职了，但霍尔斯特德想把她留在他身边。 A.succeed成功；B.graduate毕业；C.resign辞 职；D.retire退休。上文“severe dermatitis”提 到她患了严重的皮炎，无法工作，所以几乎快要 辞职了。] 7.A.achievement B.courage C.legs D.hands 解析：D[考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了保护 她的手，他苦苦思索，突然，他想到了一件事。 A.achievement成就；B.courage勇气；C.legs 腿；D.hands手。根据上文“wash and disinfect their hands”可知是手得了皮炎，因此要保 护手。门 8.A.happened to B.occurred to C.answered for D.waited for 解析：B[考查动词短语辨析。句意同上。A, happened to碰巧；B.occurred to突然想到；C. answered for对…负责；D.waited for等待。 根据后文“He contacted the Goodyear Rubber Company,asking the engineers there to”他想出 了橡胶手套的主意，可知为短语sth.occurred to sb.表示“某人突然想到”。] 9.A.check B.clean C.count D.fashion 解析：D[考查动词词义辨析。句意：他联系了 固特异橡胶公司，请那里的工程师为卡洛琳制 作薄橡胶手套。A.check检查；B.clean清扫； C.count计算；D.fashion(尤指用手工)制作。 根据后文“thin rubber gloves for Carolyn”可 知，丈夫联系了公司为妻子制作薄橡胶手套。] 10.A.Original B.New C.Extra D.Regular 解析：A[考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最初 的橡胶手套与我们今天使用的非常不同，但它 们被证明是手术室的一个很好的补充。 A.(Driginal起初的；B.New新的；C.Extra额 外的；D.Regular定期的。根后文“rubber gloves were very different from what we have today'”指最初的橡胶手套与我们今天使用的 非常不同。] 11.A.response B.attitude C.sensitivity D.addition 解析：D[考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。 A.response回答；B.attitude态度； C.sensitivity感知；D.addition增加物，补充。 根据后文“to the operating room”以及常识，手 术室里离不开橡胶手套，即它们被证明是手术 室的一个很好的补充。] 12.A.usually B.actually C.carefully D.nearly 解析：B[考查副词词义辨析。句意：这些手 套实际上很受欢迎。A.usually通常；B.actu ally实际上；C.carefully仔细地；D.nearly几 乎。根据后文“Many other personnel began wearing the gloves.”可知，这些手套实际上很 受欢迎。] Ⅲ.应用文写作（短文投稿）……… 假设你是红星中学高一学生李华。为响应 “健康中国2030”全民健身号召，你校英文校报正 在开展以“Build a Healthy China Through Sports'”为主题的征文活动。请你写一篇短文投 稿，内容包括： 1.体育锻炼对学生的积极影响； 2.针对中学生的具体运动建议； 3.呼吁更多同学参加体育运动。 注意：词数80词左右。 Build a Healthy China Through Sports ·36 基础必备选择性必修第四册 13.A.said B.known C.reported D.announced 解析：B[考查动词词义辨析。句意：众所周 知，现在它们有很多用途，远远超出了它们最 初的用途。A.said说；B.known知道；C.re ported报告；D.announced宣布。根据后文 “now they have many uses”以及句意可知此 处为句型It's generally known that.··表示 “众所周知”。] 14.A.belief B.identity C.purpose D.quality 解析：C[考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。 A.belief信念；B.identity身份；C.purpose目 的；D.quality质量。根据上文“now they have many uses,far beyond their original”可知，橡 胶手套如今用途变多了，即远远超出了它们最 初的用途。门 15.A.story B.record C.work D.memory 解析：A[考查名词词义辨析。句意：每当我 在任何地方看到手套，我就会不由地想起这个 发明“爱情橡胶手套”的故事。A.story故事； B.record记录；C.work工作；D.memory记 忆。根据后文“of inventing the‘rubber gloves of love'”以及上文讲述了橡胶手套是因为丈 夫对妻子的爱而发明的，所以是想起这个发明 背后的故事。] …………………………………… [参考范文] Build a Healthy China Through Sports As a student,I deeply believe sports are the golden key to a healthy life.Regular exercise not only strengthens our bodies but also sharpens our minds,helping us reduce stress and stay energetic for studies. For students,I suggest that we take 30-mi- nute daily activities like jogging or playing Ping- Pong;it is also a good idea to replace screen time with team sports such as basketball to build friendships.During the break,using school play- grounds creatively for fun workouts is a good choice,too.Remember,consistency matters more than intensity. Let's all embrace the spirit of sports-not mere- ly as a duty,but as a joyful journey of self-discovery. Together,we can build a healthier China.