专题四 第二讲 定语从句（配套教参）-【创新教程】2027年高考英语总复习大一轮讲义语法突破+写作寻芳

语法突破专题四句式全解篇 专点三 特殊并列连词及并列句 3.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language and see how Tang's when可用作并列连词，意为“这时，那时”，相当 play was being performed. 于and at this/that time。常用于下列句式： 4.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)I felt a deep sense of peace ①be about to do sth..when..某人正要做某 as I painted. 事，这时突然… 5.(2024·全国甲卷)Although parks of all sizes ②be on the point of doing sth.when..某人正 and types exist at any level,the national 要做某事，这时突然… parks,in particular,tend to catch our atten- ③be doing sth.when..某人正在做某事，这时 tion because of their large size and variety. 突然… 6.(2023·全国乙卷)It is a distinct visual con ④sb.had just done sth.when..某人刚做完某 trast(反差)that shouldn't work,but/yet 事，这时突然… somehow these two very different worlds make “祈使句十and/or十陈述句”，有时祈使句部分 也可用名词短语 a good combination. 7.(2023·新课标I卷)To eat one,you have to He was about to go to school when a strong wind decide whether to bite a small hole in it first, began to blow. 他正要去上学，这时突然刮起了大风。 releasing the stream and risking a spill(谥出)， Give me a chance,and I'll give you a wonderful or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, surprise. letting the hot soup explode on your tongue. 给我一个机会，我会还你一个奇迹。 Ⅱ.补全句子 [对点演练] 1.You can stay here,or you can leave. I.在空格处填入一个适当的单词 你可以待在这里，也可以离开。 L.(2025·全国一卷)Tu says that the balance be- 2.I was tired,so/and I went home early. tween the black and white pieces,the beauty in 我累了，于是早早地回家了。 the strategic placement of the pieces,and the 3.We love peace but we are not afraid of war. energy flow following each move inspired art- 我们热爱和平，但我们不害怕战争。 ists to create oil paintings,sculptures,digital- ly generated pictures and silk-screen prints for 4.I was driving down to London when I suddenly the exhibition. found that I was on the wrong road. 2.(2025·全国-卷)Many parents say there's 我正在开车去伦敦，这时我突然发现自己走错 too much traffic on the roads for their children 了路。 to walk safely to school,so they pack them into 5.One step further and you'll fall down. the car instead. 再多走一步，你就会摔倒。 第二讲 定语从句 对应学生P43 在句中修饰或限制一个名词或代词的句子叫定语从句，主要考查关系代词(which,that,who, whom,whose,.as)或关系副词(where,when,why)。 专点一 关系代词引导的定语从句 1.关系代词的基本用法 关系代词 用法 例句 二者都用于指人。who在定语从句 He is the man who lives next door. 中作主语、宾语等；whom在定语从句 who,whom 中作宾语。作宾语的关系代词who, 他就是住在隔壁的那个男子。 whom可以省略（介词后作宾语的关 That's the girl(whom/who)I teach.(先行词在定 语从句中作宾语)那就是我教的女孩。 系代词除外)。 ·43· 高考总复习英语 关系代词 用法 例句 般指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语 The river,which runs through the centre of the 等。which在句中作主语时不可以省 city,brings us lots of pleasure. which 略，作宾语时，可以省略（放在介词后 穿过市中心的那条河给我们带来了很多欢乐。 除外)。 This is the book (which)you are looking for. 这正是你在找的书。 既可以指人也可以指物，指人时可与 The city has narrow streets and small houses that/which are built close. who,whom互换，指物时可与which that 互换。在定语从句中作主语、宾语或 这座城市有狭窄的街道和建筑紧凑的小房子。 表语。作宾语时可以省略。 She is the girl (that/who/whom)we all like. 她就是我们都喜欢的那个女孩。 The prize will go to the writer whose story 可以指人也可以指物，在定语从句中 shows the most imagination. whose 作定语。 这个奖项将颁发给故事最具想象力的那位作家。 Please pass me the book whose cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。 用作关系代词时既可指人也可指物， The air quality in the city,as is shown in the report,has improved over the past two months. as 引导限制性或非限制性定语从句。as 在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语。 正如报告里显示的那样，这个城市的空气质量在 过去的两个月里已有所改善。 [温馨提示j在定语从句中，“whose-+名词”可用“the十名词十of+which/whom”或“of十which/. whom十the十名词”来代替。 The house whose windows face south is ours. =The house the windows of which face south is ours. =The house of which the windows face south isous8.窗户朝南的那座房子是我们的。. 2.关系代词that和which的用法区别 先行词是all,much,few,little,everything,anything,nothing,none,the one等不定代词时 先行词被any,few,little,much,some,no等词修饰或被the only,the very,the same,the last 等修饰时 只用 that 先行词是形容词的最高级或先行词前有形容词最高级修饰时 的情况 先行词是序数词或先行词前有序数词对其进行修饰时 先行词既指人又指物时 主句是who或which等引出的特殊疑问句时 只用 在非限制性定语从句中用which不用that which 的情况 介词后边用which不用that This is one of the most exciting football games that I have ever seen. 这是我看过的最激动人心的足球比赛之一。 The scientist and his achievements that you told me about are admired by us all. 我们所有人都钦佩你告诉我的那位科学家和他所取得的成就。 Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others,which,of course,made the others envy him. 海伦对她最小的儿子比对其他的儿子好得多，这当然让其他的儿子很嫉妒她的小儿子。 This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived. 这是鲁迅曾住过的房子。 The result was not the same as they had expected,which was rather disappointing. 结果与当初预料的不一样，这让人觉得很失望。 ·44· 语法突破专题四句式全解篇 3.关系代词as和which的区别 (1)在下列情况通常只用as而不用which 用法 例句 当定语从句置于主句前面时。 As we all know,the Great Wall is very famous. 众所周知，长城非常有名。 先行词作主语且定语从句为被动语态的形式时， 从句谓语通常为：be known,be said,be reported, She has been absent again,as is expected. 她又缺席了，这在预料之中。 be announced,be mentioned等。 There is no simple answer,as is often the case in 在下列习惯用语中：as(it)seems likely,as(it) science. often happens,as (it)was printed out,as (it) 没有简单的答案，这是科学界常有的事。 was said earlier,as I remember (it),as I under- She has read widely in Romantic literature,as it stand (it),as (it)appears,as is often the case,as appears from her essay. anybody can see,as we have expected. 她广泛涉猎了浪漫主义文学，这从她的文章中可以 看出来。 (2)在下列情况通常只用which而不用as 用法 例句 关系代词所代表的前面主句中的宾语从句或 I don't think that he will come to see me,which makes 定语从句的谓语带有一个复合宾语结构时。 me sad. 我认为他不会来看我了，这使我很伤心。 Tom was late for school again and again,which made 当主句和从句存在着逻辑上的因果关系时。 his teacher very angry. 汤姆一次又一次上学迟到，这使得他的老师很生气。 The moon,which is 384,400 kilometres away from the 关系代词指代主句中的某一个单词时。 earth,creates many beautiful stories. 月球，这个离地球384400公里远的星球，使许多美丽的 故事得以存在。 关系代词在从句中作定语或介词的宾语时，如： She might possibly come,in which case I'll ask her. in which case,at which point(相当于and in 她可能会来的，要是那样的话我就去问她。 this/that case或and at this/that point)等。 4.“介词十关系代词”结构 “介词十关系代词”引导定语从句时，关系代词只能用which(指物)或whom(指人)，即：介词+which/ whom。 He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows,most of which hadn't been cleaned for at least a year. 他付给男孩10美元擦洗10个窗户，这10个窗户中大部分至少一年没擦了。 In the dark street,there wasn't a single person to whom she could turn for help. 在黑暗的街道上，她没有一个可以求助的人。 ·45· 高考总复习英语 吉点二 关系副词引导的定语从句基本用法 关系副词 用法 例句 在定语从句中指时间，作时间状语。它 There was a time when my little brother didn't like when 的先行词通常为time,day,morning, to go to school. night,week,year等表示时间的名词。 有一段时间我的小弟弟不喜欢上学。 The small town is just the one where I used to live where在定语从句中指地点，作地点状 语，它的先行词通常为place,spot,street, for years. 这个小镇恰好是我曾经住过多年的那个。 house,room,city,town,country等表示地 点的名词。where引导的定语从句还可 He stood at the window,from where he could see everyone enter the school. where 以放在from的后面。 他站在窗口，从那里他可以看见每个走进学校的人。 当先行词为有地点含义的抽象名词 They have reached the point where they point,position,situation,stage,state, case,scene等时，常用where引导定语 have to separate with each other. 从句 他们已经到了必须分手的地步。 why相当于for which,在从句中作原因 Can you tell me the reason why(=for which)you why 状语，且先行词只有the reason。 are late again? 你能告诉我你再次迟到的原因吗？ [对点演练] I.在空格处填入一个适当的单词 1.(2025.)An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go,or weiqi in Chinese,which originated in China more than 4,000 years ago. 2.(2025·全国二卷)The shape creates a perfect market where goods could be shipped and received using the river as a highway. 3.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Chinese cultural elements commemorating(纪念)Tang Xianzu,who is known as "the Shakespeare of Asia,"add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon,William Shakespeare's hometown. 4.(2o24·浙江l月卷)Of course,shops are not charities-they price goods in the way that/which will make them the most money. 5.(2023·全国甲卷)Yet,the form of the fable still has values today,as Rachel Carson says in“A Fable for Tomorrow.” 6.(2023·全国甲卷)There was once a town in the heart of America,where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings. 7.(2o23·全国乙卷)..，Beijing is also a place that/which welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life,... 8.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)Besides,working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo's special education students,many of whom have emotional control issues. Ⅱ.补全句子 1.He is the man (whom/who/that)you are looking for. 他就是你正在找的那个人。 2.The building which/that stands near the train station is a supermarket. 位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。 3.This is the smallest computer that can be found in the world now. 这是目前发现的世界上最小的计算机。 4.She was late for school again,as we had expected. 正如我们预料的那样，她上学又迟到了。 5.The reason why he failed in the exam was that he didn't study hard. 他考试失败的原因是他学习不努力。 ·46·