专题二 第一讲 第三节 主谓一致（配套教参）-【创新教程】2027年高考英语总复习大一轮讲义语法突破+写作寻芳

语法突破专题二动词强化篇 四、不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语 have(有)，wish(希望)，cost(花费)，date back to(追溯到)，agree with(同意)，arrive at/,in(到达)， shake hands with(握手)，succeed in(在…方面成功)，suffer from(受…之苦)，take part in(参加)， walk into/enter(走进)，belong to(属于)等。 五、在“主语（人/物）+b+形容词+动词不定式”中，动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。这些形容词 nice,easy,fit,hard,difficult,important,impossible,pleasant,interesting Some parts of the screen have been damaged,under these circumstances,I find it hard to use. 屏幕的一些部分已经损坏，在这种情况下，我发现它很难用。 六、be to blame(该受责备，对某件坏事应负责任)与be to let(待出租)两种结构中，用动词不定式的主动 形式表示被动含义。 Which driver is to blame for the accident? 这次事故是哪个司机的责任？ This house is to let. 这座房子要出租。 [对点演练]一用所给动词的正确形式填空 L.(2o25·全国-卷)“The players'personalities are revealed(reveal)during the game,and one's weaknes- ses are exposed to the opponent,"she adds. 2.(2024·新课标I卷)Because I was inspired(inspire)by the fantastic scenery,I decided to create a watercolor painting of the small bridge over the park's pond,... 第三节主谓一致 对应学生P11 主谓一致是指句子的谓语动词和其主语在人称和数上必须保持一致，该语法常与动词时态一起考 查。主谓一致一般遵循三个原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则或就近一致原则。 一、主谓一致三原则 1.语法一致 主语和谓语通常是从语法形式上取得一致，即主语是单数形式，谓语动词也采取单数形式；主语是复数 形式，谓语动词也采取复数形式。 用法 例句 主语是单数，谓语动词用单数；主语是复 The results of the research are to be published soon. 数，谓语动词用复数。 研究结果不久将发表。 复合不定代词someone,anyone,every If anyone sees Lisa,ask her to call me. one,nobody/no one,something,any- 如果有人看到莉萨，请她给我打个电话。 thing,everything,nothing等作主语， Nothing is more important in my life than health. 谓语动词用单数。 在我的生活中，没有什么比健康更重要的。 each of+(名词复数them/us/you)作主 Each of the students has an apple. 这些学生每人有一个苹果。（不定代词Each作主语） 语时，谓语动词用单数形式，但“we, you,they或名词复数十each”作主语 The students each have an apple. 时，谓语动词用复数形式。 这些学生每人有一个苹果。(The students作主语，each 作同位语) All are equal before the law. 代词al作主语：若指人，谓语动词用复 数；若指事物或现象，谓语动词通常用 法律面前，人人平等。 All is well that ends well. 单数。 结局好一切都好。 动词不定式、动词-ing形式或从句作主 Having to change trains is a small inconvenience. 语时，谓语动词通常用单数。 不得不换乘火车有一点儿不便。 many a/the whole/ )十单数 Many a page in this book is missing. 这本书缺了许多页。 each/every./either/,neither了名词 作主语，谓语动词用单数。 The whole nation is in deep sorrow. 整个国家沉浸在悲痛之中。 ·11· 高考总复习英语 2.意义一致 意义一致是指谓语动词与主语的一致取决于主语所表达的意义。若主语形式上为复数，而意义上是单 数，动词要用单数；若主语形式上为单数，而意义上为复数，则动词要用复数。 用法 例句 表示时间、距离、金钱、重量、度量、容量 Twenty years has passed since we left school. 我们离开学校已经20年了。 温度等的复数名词作主语通常看作一个 整体，谓语动词用单数形式。 Ten thousand dollars is a lot of money. 一万美元是一大笔钱。 集合名词family,class,.crowd,team, My family is a big one. government,.company,group等作主语 我家是个大家庭。 时，如果强调整体，谓语动词用单数；如 My family are all fond of sports. 果强调个体，谓语动词用复数。 我们全家人都喜欢体育。 单复数同形的名词作主语时，谓语动词 Each means has been tried to solve the problem,but none is ef- 根据其表示的单复数而定。此类名 fective. 词有： 解决这个问题的每一种方法都试过，但没有一种有效。 means方法，手段，crossroads十字路 There are various means of communicating with a stran- 口，works工厂，series系列，sheep羊， ger. species种类，deer鹿等。 同陌生人交流有很多种不同的方法。 形式为单数但意义为复数概念的po lice,cattle等作主语时，谓语动词用 The police have not made any arrest. 复数。 警方未逮捕任何人。 表示一类人的the poor/rich/dead/in The rich are to help the poor. jured/,wounded等和“the十姓氏复数” 富人应该帮助穷人。 作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 The Greens are going to London. 格林一家要去伦敦。 表示某国人的总称的the Chinese,the British,the Irish等作主语时，谓语动词用 The Chinese are hard-working. 复数。 中国人民是勤劳的。 诸如maths,physics,politics,news等 Physics is my favorite subject. 以“s”结尾却表示单数或不可数概念的 物理是我最喜欢的科目。 名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 Bad news has wings. 坏事传千里。 3.就近一致 用法 例句 or,either...or,nor,nei- Either his friends or his brother is wrong. 不是他的朋友们错了，就是他的哥哥错了。 ther...nor,not only...but al- so,not..but连接的并列主语， Not only I but also Jane and Mary are tired of having examina- 通常按照就近原则。 tions one after another. 不仅我而且简和玛丽都讨厌一个接一个的考试。 There is a book,a pen and a pencil on the desk. “There十be”遵循就近一致的 书桌上有一本书、一支钢笔和一支铅笔。 原则。 There are some books,a pen and a pencil on the desk. 书桌上有一些书、一支钢笔和一支铅笔。 The students,as well as the teacher like the paintings. 当主语后面接由as well as,as 学生和老师都喜欢这些画。 much as,including,in addition The teacher,together with his students is going to have a picnic this weekend. to,more than,no less than,rather than,with,together with等构成 学生们打算这个周末与他们的老师一起去野炊。 的词组时，其谓语动词的形式要 The famous musician,as well as his students,was invited to per- 依主语的单复数而定。 form at the opening ceremony of the 2023 Wu Han Flower Expo. 那位著名的音乐家还有他的学生们被邀请参加2023年武汉花卉 展的开幕式表演。 ·12· 语法突破专题二 动词强化篇 二、主谓一致的几个注意点 1.并列主语的主谓一致 用法 例句 两个单数可数名词或不可数名词用and Tom and Jack are close friends. 连接，表示两个不同的概念时，谓语动词 汤姆和杰克是亲密的朋友。 用复数。 Steam and ice are different forms of water. 蒸汽和冰是水的不同形式。 两个单数可数名词用and连接，表示同 一人、同一物或同一个概念，或表示不可 The singer and dancer is to attend our evening party. 分割的整体时，谓语动词仍用单数。 那位歌舞演员将参加我们的晚会。 被every,each,many a,no等限定词修 饰的可数名词由and连接时，谓语动词 Many a teacher and (many a)student has seen the film. 仍用单数。 许多老师和学生都看过这部电影。 一个单数可数名词或不可数名词被几个 用and连接的并列形容词所修饰时，可 Simple and plain living is a fine quality. 以指一件事或几件事，这种名词作主语， 生活简朴是一种优良的品质。 要根据意义一致的原则决定谓语动词的 English and American literature are appealing to her. 单复数形式。 她对英国文学和美国文学很感兴趣。 由and连接的两个what从句作主语 What he says and does do not agree. 时，要根据意义一致的原则决定谓语动 他言行不一致。 词的单复数形式。 What he says and does does not concern me. 他的言行与我无关。 2.“数词与量词十名词”作主语时的主谓一致 用法 例句 Two fifths of the land in that district is covered with “分数/百分数十of短语”作主语，这时 trees and grass. 谓语动词的数要依of短语中名词的数 该地区五分之二的土地被树木和草所覆盖。 而定。 Eighty-nine percent of smokers are male. 89%的吸烟者是男性。 由“kind/fom/type/sort/series/..+of+ This type of buses is now on show. 名词”作主语时，其谓语动词形式取决于 =Buses of this kind are now on show. of前的这些词的单复数形式 现在正展出这种类型的公共汽车。 a quantity of/,quantities of后既可接复数 名词，亦可接不可数名词，谓语动词的单 There is a large quantity of milk 复数取决于quantity的形式，quantity 这里有很多牛奶。 用单数，谓语动词用单数；quantities用 Great quantities of fish were caught on the high seas. 复数，谓语动词用复数。 在公海上捕到了大量的鱼。 a number of-十名词复数十谓语动词的 A number of students are from the south. 复数形式（许多）； 不少学生来自南方。 the number of+名词复数十谓语动词的 The number of students from the north is small. 单数形式(…的数量)。 来自北方的学生人数很少。 [对点演练]一用所给动词的正确形式填空 l.(2025·全国二卷)People often feel they are(be)too busy to volunteer. 2.(2o25·全国-卷)A decent winner always tries(try)to beat the opponent by no more than one or two points as a gesture()of respect for the other side. 3.(2o24·新课标lⅡ卷)Some of the things that Tang was writing about were(be)also Shakespeare's concerns.. 4.(2o23·全国甲卷)It was full of ideas that were(be)new to me,so I spent the summer with my head in and out of that book. 5.(2023·全国乙卷)Being at the right place at the right time is(be)decisive in any style of photography. 6.(2o23·全国乙卷)The remarkable development of this city,which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world,means (mean)there is always something new to dis- cover here,and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years. ·13· 高考总复习英语 D [课后微练] 对应学生卫4 I.语法单句练 Ⅱ.语法写作练 L.(2025·北京卷)Usually,better outcomes are 1.Look at the timetable.Hurry up!Flight 4026 takes achieved(achieve)through a thorough under- off at 18:20. 看看时间表。快点儿吧！4026航班将在18：20 standing of strategies like risk tolerance. 起飞。 2.(2025·浙江1月卷)The concept is(be)cer 2.Large quantities of populated water are poured tainly not new-men have been renting good into the lake. suits for decades-but for female shoppers,it 大量污水被倾倒入湖泊(quantities)。 is just taking off. 3.Two-fifths of the country is covered with for- 3.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Two years later,asix ests. 这个国家的五分之二的国土被森林所覆盖。 meter-tall pavilion,inspired by The Peony Pa- 4.What the young man likes and wants to do is vilion,was built(build)at the Firs Garden, playing video games at home. just ten minutes'walk from Shakespeare's 这位年轻人所喜欢的及想做的事就是在家打电 birthplace. 脑游戏。 4.(2024·北京卷)When we slow down,we cre 5.The musician,along with his band members ate space to reflect on our thoughts and emo- has given ten performances in the last three months. tions,which helps us identify important areas 在过去的三个月里，这位音乐家和他的乐队成 of our lives and gives (give)us the opportunity 员们已经进行了十场演出。 to make right choices. 6.Listening to music makes me relaxed after a 5.(2024·北京卷)On April5,2024,John Tinn busy day. iswood was named (name)the world's oldest 听音乐使我在一天的忙碌之后得到了片刻的 living man. 放松。 Ⅲ.语法语篇练（用所给动词的适当形式填空） 6.(2023·全国甲卷)In1975,grizzlies were listed I used to think there 1.were (be)few tasks (list)under the Endangered Species Act. more difficult than picking out birthday presents 7.(2023·全国乙卷)Having visited several times for my friends.Since my husband and I don't over the last 10 years,I was amazed (amaze) have much extra money,expensive gifts are out, by the co-existence of old and new,and how a and the household(家庭的)goods on sale at city was able to keep such a rich heritage K-Mart 2.are (be)not the kinds of presents while constantly growing. they'd enjoy getting.But birthday shopping 3.has become(become)simpler since I found that eve- 8.(2023·浙江1月卷)The large siheyuan of rybody really 4.likes(like)toys.Up to now,my these high-ranking officials and wealthy busi- favorites of the whole toy collection 5.have been nessmen often featured (feature)beautifully (be)the rubber stamp sets.One of them 6.contains carved and painted roof beams and pillars (contain)funny pictures of parts of faces:eyes,ears, (柱子). noses,and so on.With it,anyone 7.becomes (be- 9.(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)Henry was fixing(fix) come)a cartoonist,creating silly faces to decorate all kinds of things.Once a friend 8.was sent his car when he heard the screams. (send)flying saucers that fly into the air when 10.(2022·全国甲卷)In the last five years,Cao you pull their strings.There 9.are (be)now sau- has walked (walk)through 34 countries in six cers all over the roof of her apartment building, continents,and in 2016,he reached the top of and her neighbors have no idea where the saucers Kilimanjaro,Africa's highest mountain. l0.came(come）from. 14·