Unit 4 Inventions单元知识总结及重点易错专项训练2026-2027学年沪教版英语八年级上册

主题类别

核心单词

发明与创造

invention 发明（物）；inventor 发明者；invent 发明；discover 发现；develop 研制；create 创造；technique 技巧

交通与器具

wheel 轮；telephone 电话；light bulb 电灯泡；mobile phone 手机；balloon 气球；candle 蜡烛；lamp 灯；train 火车；car 汽车；3D printer 3D打印机；steam locomotive 蒸汽机车；crewed spacecraft 载人航天器

物质与材料

metal 金属；mixture 混合物；petrol 汽油；wing 机翼；type 类型

动作与状态

attach 固定；pull 拉；depend 依靠；avoid 避免；notice 注意到；heat 加热；press 压；change 改变；allow 允许；imagine 想象；lead 导致

评价与属性

comfortable 舒适的；practical 实用的；central 中心的；international 国际的；important 重要的；popular 受欢迎的；special 特殊的

其他名词

doubt 疑惑；prediction 预言；statement 说明；benefit 益处；distance 距离；century 世纪；passenger 乘客；traffic jam 交通阻塞；international trade 国际贸易

功能类别

重点短语

被动结构

be invented by 由……发明；be used for 被用来做（接名词/动名词）；be used to do 被用来做（接动词原形）；be made of

由……制成（看出原料）；be made from 由……制成（看不出原料）；be made in 在……制造

数量与程度

a number of 若干；the number of ……的数量；large amounts of 大量的（接不可数）；all over the world 全世界；of all time 有史以来

动作与搭配

depend on 依靠；attach...to... 把……固定在……上；make fun of 取笑；keep in touch with 保持联系；lead to 导致；make a difference 发挥作用；come up with 想出；try out 试验；work on 从事

时间与因果

since then 自那以来；from then on 从那时起；as a result 结果；at the same time 同时；in the daytime 在白天

举例与搜寻

for instance 例如；in search of 寻找；without doubt 毫无疑问；on foot 步行；take place 发生

功能

例句

询问发明时间

— When was the telephone invented? — It was invented in 1876.

询问发明者

— Who was it invented by? — It was invented by Alexander Graham Bell.

询问用途

— What is it used for? — It is used for communication.

描述影响

The invention of the airplane changed the world greatly. / Computers have made our lives much easier.

not only…but also

Not only the wheel but also the telephone has changed the world.

although 让步

Although the old lamp was weak, people could read at night.

语法项目

结构 / 要点

一般过去时被动

was / were + 过去分词（主语是动作承受者，强调过去被做）

一般现在时被动

am / is / are + 过去分词（经常性、习惯性被动状态）

be made of / from / in

of 看出原料；from 看不出原料；in 接产地

be used for / to do

for 后接名词/动名词；to 后接动词原形，均表"被用来做"

not only…but also

就近原则：谓语动词与靠近 but also 的主语一致

a number of / the number of

a number of + 复数（谓语复数）；the number of + 复数（谓语单数）

large amounts of

后接不可数名词，谓语用复数

although

引导让步状语从句，不与 but 连用

depend on / attach…to… /

均为固定搭配，介词（on / to / of）不可省略

make fun of

invent / discover

invent 发明新事物；discover 发现已存在事物