Unit 2 Beyond Earth 航天与航空（单元阅读精练）英语新教材鲁教版五四制九年级全一册

**基本信息** 以航天航空为主题，通过分层语篇训练提升说明文阅读能力，融合语言知识与科技素养，逻辑递进且贴近中考命题趋势。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |时文阅读|2篇说明文|阅读理解（细节理解、推理判断）|从太空旅行环保延伸至外星生命科学，构建“现象-原理-拓展”认知链| |实战演练|5篇（含2篇七选五）|阅读理解（信息检索、主旨归纳）、七选五（逻辑衔接）|聚焦中国航天成就、太空生活、月壤砖研发，形成“成就-应用-未来”实践逻辑，强化语言能力与家国情怀|

Unit 2 Beyond Earth 航天与航空 单元阅读精练 模块 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 时文阅读 Passage1 阅读理解 说明文 323 文章以太空旅行为切入点，科普太空物资循环、垃圾处理相关知识，借太空环境限制引申地球环保理念。 Passage2 阅读理解 说明文 293 本文围绕外星智慧生命这一科学话题，客观介绍两位天文学家的观点、支撑依据以及人类搜寻外星生命的技术现状。 实战演练 Passage1 阅读理解 说明文 123 介绍中国航天事业取得重大进步，分别介绍了神舟、嫦娥、天问、天宫以及巡天望远镜的相关任务与发展成果。 Passage2 阅读理解 说明文 137 本文主要介绍了太空生活的特点，包括失重环境下的睡眠与饮食、宇航员的科学实验工作、从太空观察地球的景象以及宇航员的训练情况。 Passage3 阅读理解 说明文 267 本文介绍华科大研发月壤砖，其强度远超红砖，科学家通过模拟月壤实验优选原料，砖块经太空极端环境测试，有望用于搭建月球科研站。 Passage4 阅读理解七选五 说明文 224 本文介绍了NASA研究发现月球因收缩而产生月震，并解释了月球的演化过程。 Passage5 阅读理解七选五 说明文 172 本文介绍了宇航员在太空中的日常生活细节。 Passage1 Have you ever dreamed of travelling in space? For many kids, staring at the stars leads to daydreams about what it would be like to be an astronaut. Just think about how amazing it would be to set foot on the moon or another planet! Although it sounds like it would be great fun to travel to outer space, it would be a lot of work too. Travelling to outer space needs lots and lots of preparation. Once you are in space, nothing can come on board the spaceship and nothing can go out. You must take all you need into outer space to keep yourself alive. Let’s call these things “inputs”, including food, water and oxygen. Every input creates an output. If you open a box of cookies for breakfast, what will you do with the box when it’s empty? Every piece of rubbish you create in space will remain on the ship with you. Your body will also output food and water. Since nothing can leave the spaceship, you will have to think of another way to deal with these bodily wastes. Even breathing creates an output: carbon dioxide (二氧化碳)! It’s true that plants depend on carbon dioxide in the same way humans depend on oxygen to breathe. However, plants have other input needs. If you take a banana tree with you, you will need to bring enough water to keep it alive. You must also consider another type of output rubbish in the ship after taking the fruit as snacks—the banana peel. See how carefully you have to plan for a trip to outer space? How can you plan your actions on Earth to have the least influence on the environment and your future? Not only do you have to think about all the things you’ll need, you will also have to consider the influence of those things because of the wastes they may create. 你是否曾梦想遨游太空？对许多孩子来说，仰望星空时总会幻想成为宇航员的模样。试想，踏上月球或是其他星球，该是多么奇妙！ 尽管太空旅行听起来乐趣无穷，背后却需要付出巨大的努力。前往太空要做海量准备工作。 一旦进入太空，任何物品都无法进出宇宙飞船。你必须携带所有维持生存所需的物资，我们称这些物资为“供给物”，包括食物、水和氧气。每一种供给都会产生废弃物。如果你早餐拆开一盒饼干，空盒子该如何处理？在太空产生的所有垃圾，都只能留在飞船内。人体代谢也会产生排泄物与废水。由于任何东西都不能排出飞船，你必须想出别的办法处理这些人体废弃物。 就连呼吸也会产生废弃物——二氧化碳！植物依靠二氧化碳生存，就像人类离不开氧气。但植物也需要其他生存供给。如果你带上香蕉树，就要备足水分养活它。同时还要考虑吃完香蕉后，果皮这类新的飞船垃圾。 由此可见，太空出行需要周密至极的规划。我们该如何规划日常行为，最大限度降低对地球环境与未来的影响？我们不仅要考虑所需物资，还要思考这些物资产生垃圾带来的环境影响。 【长难句分析】 1.For many kids, staring at the stars leads to daydreams about what it would be like to be an astronaut. 对很多孩子来说，仰望星空会让他们幻想成为宇航员是什么样子。 ① staring at the stars 动名词短语作主语； ② about 后接宾语从句 what it would be like； ③ 从句中 it 作形式主语，真正主语是 to be an astronaut。 2.Although it sounds like it would be great fun to travel to outer space, it would be a lot of work too. 虽然去太空旅行听起来十分有趣，但这也意味着大量准备工作。 ① Although 引导让步状语从句； ② 从句内 it 作形式主语，真正主语 to travel to outer space； ③ 主句为简单句，it 指代太空旅行这件事。 3.You must take all you need into outer space to keep yourself alive. 你必须带上所有维持自身生存所需的物资进入太空。 ① all you need 定语从句，省略关系代词that，修饰all； ② to keep yourself alive 不定式作目的状语。 4.It’s true that plants depend on carbon dioxide in the same way humans depend on oxygen to breathe. 确实，植物依靠二氧化碳生存，正如人类依靠氧气呼吸一样。 ① It 形式主语，that引导主语从句； ② in the same way 引导方式状语从句，从句省略引导词as。 5.Not only do you have to think about all the things you’ll need, you will also have to consider the influence of those things because of the wastes they may create. 你不仅要想好所有必需品，还要考虑这些物品因产生垃圾带来的影响。 ① Not only置于句首，主句部分倒装； ② you’ll need / they may create 两处定语从句，均省略that； ③ because of 后接名词短语作原因状语。 【重难词汇梳理】 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. astronaut /ˈæstrənɔːt/ n. 宇航员 2. oxygen /ˈɒksɪdʒən/ n. 氧气 3. carbon dioxide 二氧化碳 4. waste /weɪst/ n. 废弃物，垃圾 5. planet /ˈplænɪt/ n. 行星 6. set foot on 踏上，登上 7. outer space 外太空 8. deal with 处理，应对 9. depend on 依靠，依赖 10. have influence on 对……产生影响 Passage2 Is there intelligent (有智力的) life on other planets? For years, scientists said “no” or “we don’t know”. But today this is changing. Seth Shostak and Alexandra Barnett are astronomers (天文学家). They believe intelligent life exists (存在) somewhere in the universe. They also think we will soon contact these beings (人；生物). Why do Shostak and Barnett think intelligent life exists on other planets? The first reason is time. Scientists believe the universe is about 12 billion years old. “This is long enough for other planets to have intelligent life,” say Shostak and Barnett. The second reason is size—the universe is huge. “Tools like the Hubble Telescope (哈勃望远镜) have shown that there are at least 100 billion galaxies,” says Shostak. “And our galaxy, the Milky Way, has at least 100 billion stars. Some planets going around these stars might be similar to the Earth.” In the past, it was hard to look for signs of intelligent life in the universe. But now, powerful telescopes (高倍望远镜) allow scientists to discover smaller planets—the size of Mars or the Earth—in other solar systems. These planets might have intelligent life. Have beings from space already visited the Earth? “Probably not,” says Shostak. “It’s a long way away. However, intelligent beings may contact us in other ways, such as radio signals (信号). In fact, they may be trying to communicate with us now, but we don’t have the right tools to receive their messages. However, this is changing. By 2025, we could make contact with other life forms in our universe and we might help each other.” 其他星球上存在智慧生命吗？多年以来，科学家们的答案是“没有”或者“我们无从知晓”。但如今，这一观点正在发生改变。塞思·肖斯塔克与亚历山德拉·巴尼特是两位天文学家，他们认为宇宙某处存在智慧生命，还觉得人类很快就能和这些外星生物取得联系。 肖斯塔克和巴尼特为什么认为其他星球存在智慧生命？第一个原因是时间。科学家推算宇宙已有约120亿年历史。二人表示：“这段时间足够漫长，足以让其他星球孕育出智慧生命。”第二个原因是宇宙的规模——宇宙浩瀚无边。肖斯塔克说：“哈勃望远镜这类观测工具已经证实，宇宙中至少有一千亿个星系。我们所在的银河系，就拥有至少一千亿颗恒星，围绕这些恒星运转的部分行星或许和地球环境相近。” 过去，人类很难搜寻到宇宙中智慧生命的踪迹。但如今，高倍望远镜能帮助科学家在其他恒星系统中找到体积和火星、地球相仿的小型行星，这类行星或许孕育着智慧生命。 外星生物是否已经到访过地球？肖斯塔克认为：“大概率没有，星际距离太过遥远。”不过智慧生物或许会通过其他方式联系我们，比如无线电信号。事实上，它们此刻可能正在尝试与我们沟通，只是我们缺少合适的设备接收信号。但现状正在改善，到2025年，人类有望和宇宙里的其他生命建立联系，彼此互助。 【长难句分析】 1.Seth Shostak and Alexandra Barnett are astronomers who believe intelligent life exists somewhere in the universe and that we will soon make contact with these beings. 塞思·肖斯塔克与亚历山德拉·巴尼特是天文学家，他们相信宇宙某处存在智慧生命，且人类很快能与这些生物取得联系。 who引导定语从句修饰astronomers；从句内含由and连接的两个that宾语从句，第二个that不可省略。 2. Scientists calculate that the universe is about 12 billion years old, long enough for intelligent life to develop on other planets. 科学家测算宇宙约有120亿年历史，这段时间足够漫长，能让其他星球演化出智慧生命。 that引导宾语从句；long enough...为形容词短语作结果状语，不定式to develop作后置定语。 3.Tools such as the Hubble Telescope have proved that there are at least 100 billion galaxies in the universe. 哈勃望远镜这类观测设备已经证实，宇宙中至少存在一千亿个星系。 such as举例修饰主语；that引导宾语从句，从句为there be存在句型。 4.In the past, it was hard for humans to search for signs of intelligent life in space, but powerful telescopes now help scientists find small planets similar to Mars or Earth around other stars. 过去人类很难搜寻太空智慧生命的踪迹，但如今高倍望远镜可帮助科学家找到其他恒星周边、与火星或地球相仿的小型行星。 it作形式主语，真正主语to search for；similar to Mars or Earth形容词短语后置修饰planets。 5.It is possible that they are trying to communicate with us right now, but we do not have the right equipment to receive their signals. 它们此刻或许正尝试和我们交流，只是我们尚无合适设备接收它们的信号。 It作形式主语，that引导主语从句；不定式to receive作后置定语修饰equipment。 【重难词汇梳理】 1. astronomer /əˈstrɒnəmə(r)/ n. 天文学家 2. universe /ˈjuːnɪvɜːs/ n. 宇宙 3. galaxy /ˈɡæləksi/ n. 星系；银河系 4. planet /ˈplænɪt/ n. 行星 5. signal /ˈsɪɡnəl/ n. 信号 v. 发信号 6. make contact with 与……取得联系 7. search for 搜寻，寻找 8. be similar to 与……相似 9. at least 至少 10. radio signal 无线电信号 Passage1 China’s space programme has made great progress. There are four main space projects: Shenzhou, Chang’e, Tianwen and Tiangong. Shenzhou missions carry Chinese astronauts into space. Wang Yaping became the first Chinese woman to walk in space and give space lessons. Chang’e series are moon exploration rovers and spacecraft. Yutu rovers travel on the moon’s surface to collect rocks and soil. Tianwen 1 carried Zhurong to Mars in 2021. It worked well on Mars for a long time. Tiangong is our own space station. Scientists from different countries will work there together. Xuntian space telescope is another big plan. It will fly near Tiangong. It can take sharper photos than most telescopes on Earth. More space tasks will be planned in the following years. 1．How many main space projects are mentioned in the text? A．Three. B．Four. C．Five. D．Six. 2．What’s the task of Chang’e series? A．Carry astronauts. B．Explore the moon. C．Travel on Mars. D．Study faraway stars. 3．Zhurong rover was sent to Mars by ________. A．Shenzhou B．Chang’e C．Tianwen D．Xuntian 4．Which of the following is TRUE? A．No foreign scientists can work in Tiangong. B．Wang Yaping gave lessons from space. C．Xuntian will work far away from Tiangong. D．Yutu rover works on Mars. 5．The text mainly talks about ________. A．Chinese space achievements B．space life in Tiangong C．famous space telescopes D．future Mars trips 1．B 2．B 3．C 4．B 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍中国航天事业取得重大进步，分别介绍了神舟、嫦娥、天问、天宫以及巡天望远镜的相关任务与发展成果。 【详解】1．原文第一段提到“There are four main space projects: Shenzhou, Chang’e, Tianwen and Tiangong.”，这句话直接点明主要的航天工程是4个；Xuntian只是另外一项计划，不属于“main space projects”。 2．第二段“Chang’e series are moon exploration rovers and spacecraft.”表明嫦娥系列是月球探测器和航天器，它的任务是探索月球。 3．根据第二段“Tianwen 1 carried Zhurong to Mars in 2021.”可知，天问一号把祝融号送到火星。 4．第二段提到“Wang Yaping became the first Chinese woman to walk in space and give space lessons.”，王亚平在太空授课，B选项表述正确。 5．文章开篇点明“China’s space programme has made great progress.”，后面依次介绍各个航天项目和巡天望远镜，全篇围绕中国航天成就展开。 Passage2 What’s life like in space? It’s totally different from life on Earth. First, people become weightless. Astronauts can float everywhere, but they have to tie themselves down when sleeping, or they will fly around. All food is packed in special bags. There are over 120 kinds of dishes for them to choose. Second, they do lots of scientific experiments every day. They study medicine, biology and materials in space environment. These experiments help us make new technology for daily life on Earth. Third, space is a great place to watch our planet. The Earth looks like a bright blue and white ball from space. It’s so beautiful that all astronauts feel shocked when they see it. Though space life is fun, it’s also hard work. Every astronaut trains for many years before they are sent into space. 1．Why do astronauts tie themselves down when sleeping? A．To keep warm. B．To avoid floating away. C．To sleep faster. D．To do experiments. 2．How many kinds of space food can astronauts choose? A．Less than 100. B．Over 120. C．About 50. D．Only 20. 3．What do astronauts mainly do in space besides daily life? A．Watch stars only. B．Do scientific experiments. C．Take photos all day. D．Grow plants for food. 4．What does Earth look like from space? A．A red planet. B．A small grey rock. C．A bright blue-white ball. D．A yellow star. 5．The best title for the passage is ________. A．The beautiful Earth B．Hard training for astronauts C．Life in space D．How to fly a spacecraft 1．B 2．B 3．B 4．C 5．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了太空生活的特点，包括失重环境下的睡眠与饮食、宇航员的科学实验工作、从太空观察地球的景象以及宇航员的训练情况。 【详解】1．根据第二段“Astronauts can float everywhere, but they have to tie themselves down when sleeping, or they will fly around.”可知，宇航员睡觉时把自己绑住是为了防止飘走。 2．根据第二段“There are over 120 kinds of dishes for them to choose.”可知，可供选择的太空食物超过120种。 3．根据第三段“Second, they do lots of scientific experiments every day.”可知，除了日常生活，宇航员主要做科学实验。 4．根据第四段“The Earth looks like a bright blue and white ball from space.”可知，从太空看地球像一个明亮的蓝白球。 5．文章首句以“What’s life like in space?”引出话题，随后围绕太空生活的睡眠、饮食、工作、视野等方面展开介绍，因此“Life in space”是最合适的标题。 Passage3 On Earth, we use bricks (砖块) to build houses, but what about building things on the moon? We use “lunar bricks”, of course! Scientists at Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) have developed “lunar bricks”. They hope to use the bricks to build a research station on the moon. To make the bricks, the scientists used a lunar soil simulant (模拟月壤). The bricks are more than three times stronger than normal red bricks. They also have special structures, which were used in ancient Chinese buildings. This makes it possible to simply put these bricks together. Professor Zhou Cheng from HUST said that they had tested five different kinds of simulated lunar soil composition (成分) and used three ways to harden them. In this way they could choose the best materials for making the bricks. “Lunar soil isn’t the same everywhere on the moon,” Zhou said. “For example, one of the kinds tested simulates the lunar soil at the landing site of Chang’e-5, which is mainly basalt (玄武岩).” The lunar bricks need to be tested well before being used because the moon has an extreme (极端的) environment. Quakes often happen there. And it gets as hot as 180 ℃ during the day and as cold as -190 ℃ at night. The lunar bricks have been sent to China’s space station on the “Tianzhou-8” spacecraft. There, scientists carried out tests to see how well the bricks work in space. The first bricks returned to Earth on November 14th, 2025. 1．Which properly shows the strength comparison of lunar bricks and red bricks? A． B． C． D． 2．How did scientists find the best materials for making lunar bricks? A．They learned about lunar soil from scientific reports. B．They compared different bricks used widely nowadays. C．They read many books about ancient Chinese buildings. D．They did many tests on simulated lunar soil and treated it in different ways. 3．What is the main idea of the fourth paragraph? A．The introduction of China’s “Tianzhou-8” spacecraft. B．The reasons why lunar bricks need to be tested in space. C．The temperature difference on the moon between day and night. D．The time when the first lunar bricks returned to Earth. 4．Which of the following best explains the purpose of developing “lunar bricks” according to Paragraph 1? A．To study the composition of lunar soil. B．To build a research station on the moon. C．To test the technology of making bricks in space. D．To improve the strength of normal red bricks. 5．What is most probably the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 1．D 2．D 3．B 4．B 5．D 【导语】本文介绍华科大研发月壤砖，其强度远超红砖，科学家通过模拟月壤实验优选原料，砖块经太空极端环境测试，有望用于搭建月球科研站。 【详解】1．原文第二段：“The bricks are more than three times stronger than normal red bricks.”，月壤砖强度是普通红砖的三倍以上。柱状图里代表lunar bricks的柱子要远高于red bricks，对应图D。 2．原文第三段：“they had tested five different kinds of simulated lunar soil composition and used three ways to harden them.”，科学家测试五种模拟月壤配方，并使用三种硬化方式做实验，以此选出最优材料。D对模拟月壤开展大量实验，用不同方式处理，符合原文。 3．原文第四段：先介绍月球昼夜温差极大、多发震动的极端恶劣环境，以此说明月壤砖必须经过太空实测的必要性，再补充搭载飞船测试、砖块返回地球的相关信息。段落核心是解释月壤砖太空测试的原因。 4．原文第一段：“They hope to use the bricks to build a research station on the moon.”，研发月壤砖的目的是在月球建造科研站。 5．文章第①段总述月壤砖的研发背景与用途；②③④段分别从砖块自身特点、材料实验、太空测试三个独立角度分层展开说明，属于“总-分” 结构，①统领②③④，对应选项B图示。 Passage4 You probably know what an earthquake is. 1 A recent study by NASA shows that the moon is producing moonquakes because it is shrinking (缩小). Don’t panic. As planetary scientist Thomas Watters comforts us, “This isn’t anything to worry about. 2 It’s not going anywhere.” So what exactly is going on? After examining thousands of high-resolution photographs taken by a NASA orbiter, US scientists discovered faults (断层) on the moon’s surface that were formed by recent movement on the moon. Formed out of pieces of rock with a hot core, the moon expanded (膨胀) when it was born. 3 As it shrinks, it produces faults. These faults can be several metres long and dozens of metres tall, 4 But unlike the soft skin of the raisin, the moon’s crust is hard and stiff, and therefore causes moonquakes when it shrinks. People believed for a long time that the moon had already stopped shrinking billions of years ago. 5 “These faults are still active and likely producing moonquakes today as the moon continues to gradually cool and shrink,” Watters said. Looking up at the night sky, you might feel a bit differently about the moon now. After all, it is not a cold dead lump, but an active neighbor of Earth that is still changing now. A．But what about a moonquake? B．Moonquakes are more dangerous. C．They are similar to the wrinkles in raisins. D．The moon may be shrinking, but not by much. E．However, these new findings prove that is not true. F．Later as it lost energy, it gradually cooled down and began to shrink. G．Scientists worry this means the moon will not appear any more in the future. 1．A 2．D 3．F 4．C 5．E 【导语】本文介绍了NASA研究发现月球因收缩而产生月震，并解释了月球的演化过程。 【详解】 1．上文提到你可能知道地震是什么，下文说NASA研究表明月球因缩小而产生月震。A项“But what about a moonquake?”引出月震的话题，与上下文衔接，符合逻辑。 2．上文提到不必恐慌，科学家说这没什么好担心的，下文说月球哪儿也不会去。D项“The moon may be shrinking, but not by much.”说明月球可能在缩小但幅度不大，与上下文衔接，符合逻辑。 3．上文提到月球由岩石碎片和炽热内核构成，诞生时膨胀，下文说随着收缩产生断层。F项“Later as it lost energy, it gradually cooled down and began to shrink.”说明后来失去能量后冷却并开始收缩，与上下文衔接，符合逻辑。 4．上文提到断层有数米长、数十米高，下文说与葡萄干的皱皮不同，月球地壳坚硬。C项“They are similar to the wrinkles in raisins.”说明这些断层类似于葡萄干的皱皮，与上下文衔接，符合逻辑。 5．上文提到人们长期以来认为月球数十亿年前就已停止收缩，下文说这些断层今天仍然活跃，可能仍在产生月震。E项“However, these new findings prove that is not true.”说明这些新发现证明之前的观点不正确，与上下文衔接，符合逻辑。 Passage5 Are you interested in the life of astronauts in space? Do you know how they eat, sleep and bathe in space? 1 How do the astronauts eat in space? Like people on the Earth, the astronauts also have three meals every day. 2 They can help stop the food from flying away. The astronauts need to heat their food before they eat. It takes them about 20-30 minutes to finish this step. 3 We all know that things are easy to float in space, and so are the bodies of the astronauts. To solve the problem, their bodies will be strapped when they sleep. The astronauts can be stopped from floating away in this way. The astronauts have their bedtime. 4 How do the astronauts shower in space? Because of the effect of zero gravity, the astronauts don’t have the luxury of taking showers in outer space. Water can’t flow the way it does on the Earth. 5 For example, they use wet towels and waterless shampoos (洗发水). A．How do the astronauts sleep in space? B．It’s difficult to eat in space. C．Next we will tell you some useful information. D．They usually sleep for 8 hours a day. E．Their food is stored in some special locker trays (托盘). F．How do the astronauts live in space? G．That’s why the astronauts have to use other methods to keep themselves clean. 1．C 2．E 3．A 4．D 5．G 【导语】本文介绍了宇航员在太空中的日常生活细节。 【详解】1．根据“Are you interested in the life of astronauts in space? Do you know how they eat, sleep and bathe in space?”及下文的内容可知，此处需要一个过渡句，来引起下面关于宇航员在太空生活的具体细节内容，选项C“接下来我们将告诉你一些有用的信息。”符合语境。故选C。 2．根据“They can help stop the food from flying away.”可知，此处应说明是什么能阻止食物飘走，选项E“他们的食物储存在一些特殊的储物托盘中。”符合语境。故选E。 3．根据“We all know that things are easy to float in space, and so are the bodies of the astronauts. To solve the problem, their bodies will be strapped when they sleep.”可知，本段主要讲述宇航员在太空如何睡觉，选项A“宇航员在太空如何睡觉？”符合语境。故选A。 4．根据“The astronauts have their bedtime.”可知，此处应说明宇航员的睡眠时间情况，选项D“他们通常每天睡8个小时。”符合语境。故选D。 5．根据“For example, they use wet towels and waterless shampoos (洗发水).”可知，此处应说明宇航员使用这些替代方式清洁的原因，选项G“这就是为什么宇航员必须使用其他方法来保持自己清洁。”符合语境。故选G。 1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 2 Beyond Earth 航天与航空 单元阅读精练 模块 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 时文阅读 Passage1 阅读理解 说明文 323 文章以太空旅行为切入点，科普太空物资循环、垃圾处理相关知识，借太空环境限制引申地球环保理念。 Passage2 阅读理解 说明文 293 本文围绕外星智慧生命这一科学话题，客观介绍两位天文学家的观点、支撑依据以及人类搜寻外星生命的技术现状。 实战演练 Passage1 阅读理解 说明文 123 介绍中国航天事业取得重大进步，分别介绍了神舟、嫦娥、天问、天宫以及巡天望远镜的相关任务与发展成果。 Passage2 阅读理解 说明文 137 本文主要介绍了太空生活的特点，包括失重环境下的睡眠与饮食、宇航员的科学实验工作、从太空观察地球的景象以及宇航员的训练情况。 Passage3 阅读理解 说明文 267 本文介绍华科大研发月壤砖，其强度远超红砖，科学家通过模拟月壤实验优选原料，砖块经太空极端环境测试，有望用于搭建月球科研站。 Passage4 阅读理解七选五 说明文 224 本文介绍了NASA研究发现月球因收缩而产生月震，并解释了月球的演化过程。 Passage5 阅读理解七选五 说明文 172 本文介绍了宇航员在太空中的日常生活细节。 Passage1 Have you ever dreamed of travelling in space? For many kids, staring at the stars leads to daydreams about what it would be like to be an astronaut. Just think about how amazing it would be to set foot on the moon or another planet! Although it sounds like it would be great fun to travel to outer space, it would be a lot of work too. Travelling to outer space needs lots and lots of preparation. Once you are in space, nothing can come on board the spaceship and nothing can go out. You must take all you need into outer space to keep yourself alive. Let’s call these things “inputs”, including food, water and oxygen. Every input creates an output. If you open a box of cookies for breakfast, what will you do with the box when it’s empty? Every piece of rubbish you create in space will remain on the ship with you. Your body will also output food and water. Since nothing can leave the spaceship, you will have to think of another way to deal with these bodily wastes. Even breathing creates an output: carbon dioxide (二氧化碳)! It’s true that plants depend on carbon dioxide in the same way humans depend on oxygen to breathe. However, plants have other input needs. If you take a banana tree with you, you will need to bring enough water to keep it alive. You must also consider another type of output rubbish in the ship after taking the fruit as snacks—the banana peel. See how carefully you have to plan for a trip to outer space? How can you plan your actions on Earth to have the least influence on the environment and your future? Not only do you have to think about all the things you’ll need, you will also have to consider the influence of those things because of the wastes they may create. 你是否曾梦想遨游太空？对许多孩子来说，仰望星空时总会幻想成为宇航员的模样。试想，踏上月球或是其他星球，该是多么奇妙！ 尽管太空旅行听起来乐趣无穷，背后却需要付出巨大的努力。前往太空要做海量准备工作。 一旦进入太空，任何物品都无法进出宇宙飞船。你必须携带所有维持生存所需的物资，我们称这些物资为“供给物”，包括食物、水和氧气。每一种供给都会产生废弃物。如果你早餐拆开一盒饼干，空盒子该如何处理？在太空产生的所有垃圾，都只能留在飞船内。人体代谢也会产生排泄物与废水。由于任何东西都不能排出飞船，你必须想出别的办法处理这些人体废弃物。 就连呼吸也会产生废弃物——二氧化碳！植物依靠二氧化碳生存，就像人类离不开氧气。但植物也需要其他生存供给。如果你带上香蕉树，就要备足水分养活它。同时还要考虑吃完香蕉后，果皮这类新的飞船垃圾。 由此可见，太空出行需要周密至极的规划。我们该如何规划日常行为，最大限度降低对地球环境与未来的影响？我们不仅要考虑所需物资，还要思考这些物资产生垃圾带来的环境影响。 【长难句分析】 1.For many kids, staring at the stars leads to daydreams about what it would be like to be an astronaut. 对很多孩子来说，仰望星空会让他们幻想成为宇航员是什么样子。 ① staring at the stars 动名词短语作主语； ② about 后接宾语从句 what it would be like； ③ 从句中 it 作形式主语，真正主语是 to be an astronaut。 2.Although it sounds like it would be great fun to travel to outer space, it would be a lot of work too. 虽然去太空旅行听起来十分有趣，但这也意味着大量准备工作。 ① Although 引导让步状语从句； ② 从句内 it 作形式主语，真正主语 to travel to outer space； ③ 主句为简单句，it 指代太空旅行这件事。 3.You must take all you need into outer space to keep yourself alive. 你必须带上所有维持自身生存所需的物资进入太空。 ① all you need 定语从句，省略关系代词that，修饰all； ② to keep yourself alive 不定式作目的状语。 4.It’s true that plants depend on carbon dioxide in the same way humans depend on oxygen to breathe. 确实，植物依靠二氧化碳生存，正如人类依靠氧气呼吸一样。 ① It 形式主语，that引导主语从句； ② in the same way 引导方式状语从句，从句省略引导词as。 5.Not only do you have to think about all the things you’ll need, you will also have to consider the influence of those things because of the wastes they may create. 你不仅要想好所有必需品，还要考虑这些物品因产生垃圾带来的影响。 ① Not only置于句首，主句部分倒装； ② you’ll need / they may create 两处定语从句，均省略that； ③ because of 后接名词短语作原因状语。 【重难词汇梳理】 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. astronaut /ˈæstrənɔːt/ n. 宇航员 2. oxygen /ˈɒksɪdʒən/ n. 氧气 3. carbon dioxide 二氧化碳 4. waste /weɪst/ n. 废弃物，垃圾 5. planet /ˈplænɪt/ n. 行星 6. set foot on 踏上，登上 7. outer space 外太空 8. deal with 处理，应对 9. depend on 依靠，依赖 10. have influence on 对……产生影响 Passage2 Is there intelligent (有智力的) life on other planets? For years, scientists said “no” or “we don’t know”. But today this is changing. Seth Shostak and Alexandra Barnett are astronomers (天文学家). They believe intelligent life exists (存在) somewhere in the universe. They also think we will soon contact these beings (人；生物). Why do Shostak and Barnett think intelligent life exists on other planets? The first reason is time. Scientists believe the universe is about 12 billion years old. “This is long enough for other planets to have intelligent life,” say Shostak and Barnett. The second reason is size—the universe is huge. “Tools like the Hubble Telescope (哈勃望远镜) have shown that there are at least 100 billion galaxies,” says Shostak. “And our galaxy, the Milky Way, has at least 100 billion stars. Some planets going around these stars might be similar to the Earth.” In the past, it was hard to look for signs of intelligent life in the universe. But now, powerful telescopes (高倍望远镜) allow scientists to discover smaller planets—the size of Mars or the Earth—in other solar systems. These planets might have intelligent life. Have beings from space already visited the Earth? “Probably not,” says Shostak. “It’s a long way away. However, intelligent beings may contact us in other ways, such as radio signals (信号). In fact, they may be trying to communicate with us now, but we don’t have the right tools to receive their messages. However, this is changing. By 2025, we could make contact with other life forms in our universe and we might help each other.” 其他星球上存在智慧生命吗？多年以来，科学家们的答案是“没有”或者“我们无从知晓”。但如今，这一观点正在发生改变。塞思·肖斯塔克与亚历山德拉·巴尼特是两位天文学家，他们认为宇宙某处存在智慧生命，还觉得人类很快就能和这些外星生物取得联系。 肖斯塔克和巴尼特为什么认为其他星球存在智慧生命？第一个原因是时间。科学家推算宇宙已有约120亿年历史。二人表示：“这段时间足够漫长，足以让其他星球孕育出智慧生命。”第二个原因是宇宙的规模——宇宙浩瀚无边。肖斯塔克说：“哈勃望远镜这类观测工具已经证实，宇宙中至少有一千亿个星系。我们所在的银河系，就拥有至少一千亿颗恒星，围绕这些恒星运转的部分行星或许和地球环境相近。” 过去，人类很难搜寻到宇宙中智慧生命的踪迹。但如今，高倍望远镜能帮助科学家在其他恒星系统中找到体积和火星、地球相仿的小型行星，这类行星或许孕育着智慧生命。 外星生物是否已经到访过地球？肖斯塔克认为：“大概率没有，星际距离太过遥远。”不过智慧生物或许会通过其他方式联系我们，比如无线电信号。事实上，它们此刻可能正在尝试与我们沟通，只是我们缺少合适的设备接收信号。但现状正在改善，到2025年，人类有望和宇宙里的其他生命建立联系，彼此互助。 【长难句分析】 1.Seth Shostak and Alexandra Barnett are astronomers who believe intelligent life exists somewhere in the universe and that we will soon make contact with these beings. 塞思·肖斯塔克与亚历山德拉·巴尼特是天文学家，他们相信宇宙某处存在智慧生命，且人类很快能与这些生物取得联系。 who引导定语从句修饰astronomers；从句内含由and连接的两个that宾语从句，第二个that不可省略。 2. Scientists calculate that the universe is about 12 billion years old, long enough for intelligent life to develop on other planets. 科学家测算宇宙约有120亿年历史，这段时间足够漫长，能让其他星球演化出智慧生命。 that引导宾语从句；long enough...为形容词短语作结果状语，不定式to develop作后置定语。 3.Tools such as the Hubble Telescope have proved that there are at least 100 billion galaxies in the universe. 哈勃望远镜这类观测设备已经证实，宇宙中至少存在一千亿个星系。 such as举例修饰主语；that引导宾语从句，从句为there be存在句型。 4.In the past, it was hard for humans to search for signs of intelligent life in space, but powerful telescopes now help scientists find small planets similar to Mars or Earth around other stars. 过去人类很难搜寻太空智慧生命的踪迹，但如今高倍望远镜可帮助科学家找到其他恒星周边、与火星或地球相仿的小型行星。 it作形式主语，真正主语to search for；similar to Mars or Earth形容词短语后置修饰planets。 5.It is possible that they are trying to communicate with us right now, but we do not have the right equipment to receive their signals. 它们此刻或许正尝试和我们交流，只是我们尚无合适设备接收它们的信号。 It作形式主语，that引导主语从句；不定式to receive作后置定语修饰equipment。 【重难词汇梳理】 1. astronomer /əˈstrɒnəmə(r)/ n. 天文学家 2. universe /ˈjuːnɪvɜːs/ n. 宇宙 3. galaxy /ˈɡæləksi/ n. 星系；银河系 4. planet /ˈplænɪt/ n. 行星 5. signal /ˈsɪɡnəl/ n. 信号 v. 发信号 6. make contact with 与……取得联系 7. search for 搜寻，寻找 8. be similar to 与……相似 9. at least 至少 10. radio signal 无线电信号 Passage1 China’s space programme has made great progress. There are four main space projects: Shenzhou, Chang’e, Tianwen and Tiangong. Shenzhou missions carry Chinese astronauts into space. Wang Yaping became the first Chinese woman to walk in space and give space lessons. Chang’e series are moon exploration rovers and spacecraft. Yutu rovers travel on the moon’s surface to collect rocks and soil. Tianwen 1 carried Zhurong to Mars in 2021. It worked well on Mars for a long time. Tiangong is our own space station. Scientists from different countries will work there together. Xuntian space telescope is another big plan. It will fly near Tiangong. It can take sharper photos than most telescopes on Earth. More space tasks will be planned in the following years. 1．How many main space projects are mentioned in the text? A．Three. B．Four. C．Five. D．Six. 2．What’s the task of Chang’e series? A．Carry astronauts. B．Explore the moon. C．Travel on Mars. D．Study faraway stars. 3．Zhurong rover was sent to Mars by ________. A．Shenzhou B．Chang’e C．Tianwen D．Xuntian 4．Which of the following is TRUE? A．No foreign scientists can work in Tiangong. B．Wang Yaping gave lessons from space. C．Xuntian will work far away from Tiangong. D．Yutu rover works on Mars. 5．The text mainly talks about ________. A．Chinese space achievements B．space life in Tiangong C．famous space telescopes D．future Mars trips Passage2 What’s life like in space? It’s totally different from life on Earth. First, people become weightless. Astronauts can float everywhere, but they have to tie themselves down when sleeping, or they will fly around. All food is packed in special bags. There are over 120 kinds of dishes for them to choose. Second, they do lots of scientific experiments every day. They study medicine, biology and materials in space environment. These experiments help us make new technology for daily life on Earth. Third, space is a great place to watch our planet. The Earth looks like a bright blue and white ball from space. It’s so beautiful that all astronauts feel shocked when they see it. Though space life is fun, it’s also hard work. Every astronaut trains for many years before they are sent into space. 1．Why do astronauts tie themselves down when sleeping? A．To keep warm. B．To avoid floating away. C．To sleep faster. D．To do experiments. 2．How many kinds of space food can astronauts choose? A．Less than 100. B．Over 120. C．About 50. D．Only 20. 3．What do astronauts mainly do in space besides daily life? A．Watch stars only. B．Do scientific experiments. C．Take photos all day. D．Grow plants for food. 4．What does Earth look like from space? A．A red planet. B．A small grey rock. C．A bright blue-white ball. D．A yellow star. 5．The best title for the passage is ________. A．The beautiful Earth B．Hard training for astronauts C．Life in space D．How to fly a spacecraft Passage3 On Earth, we use bricks (砖块) to build houses, but what about building things on the moon? We use “lunar bricks”, of course! Scientists at Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) have developed “lunar bricks”. They hope to use the bricks to build a research station on the moon. To make the bricks, the scientists used a lunar soil simulant (模拟月壤). The bricks are more than three times stronger than normal red bricks. They also have special structures, which were used in ancient Chinese buildings. This makes it possible to simply put these bricks together. Professor Zhou Cheng from HUST said that they had tested five different kinds of simulated lunar soil composition (成分) and used three ways to harden them. In this way they could choose the best materials for making the bricks. “Lunar soil isn’t the same everywhere on the moon,” Zhou said. “For example, one of the kinds tested simulates the lunar soil at the landing site of Chang’e-5, which is mainly basalt (玄武岩).” The lunar bricks need to be tested well before being used because the moon has an extreme (极端的) environment. Quakes often happen there. And it gets as hot as 180 ℃ during the day and as cold as -190 ℃ at night. The lunar bricks have been sent to China’s space station on the “Tianzhou-8” spacecraft. There, scientists carried out tests to see how well the bricks work in space. The first bricks returned to Earth on November 14th, 2025. 1．Which properly shows the strength comparison of lunar bricks and red bricks? A． B． C． D． 2．How did scientists find the best materials for making lunar bricks? A．They learned about lunar soil from scientific reports. B．They compared different bricks used widely nowadays. C．They read many books about ancient Chinese buildings. D．They did many tests on simulated lunar soil and treated it in different ways. 3．What is the main idea of the fourth paragraph? A．The introduction of China’s “Tianzhou-8” spacecraft. B．The reasons why lunar bricks need to be tested in space. C．The temperature difference on the moon between day and night. D．The time when the first lunar bricks returned to Earth. 4．Which of the following best explains the purpose of developing “lunar bricks” according to Paragraph 1? A．To study the composition of lunar soil. B．To build a research station on the moon. C．To test the technology of making bricks in space. D．To improve the strength of normal red bricks. 5．What is most probably the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． Passage4 You probably know what an earthquake is. 1 A recent study by NASA shows that the moon is producing moonquakes because it is shrinking (缩小). Don’t panic. As planetary scientist Thomas Watters comforts us, “This isn’t anything to worry about. 2 It’s not going anywhere.” So what exactly is going on? After examining thousands of high-resolution photographs taken by a NASA orbiter, US scientists discovered faults (断层) on the moon’s surface that were formed by recent movement on the moon. Formed out of pieces of rock with a hot core, the moon expanded (膨胀) when it was born. 3 As it shrinks, it produces faults. These faults can be several metres long and dozens of metres tall, 4 But unlike the soft skin of the raisin, the moon’s crust is hard and stiff, and therefore causes moonquakes when it shrinks. People believed for a long time that the moon had already stopped shrinking billions of years ago. 5 “These faults are still active and likely producing moonquakes today as the moon continues to gradually cool and shrink,” Watters said. Looking up at the night sky, you might feel a bit differently about the moon now. After all, it is not a cold dead lump, but an active neighbor of Earth that is still changing now. A．But what about a moonquake? B．Moonquakes are more dangerous. C．They are similar to the wrinkles in raisins. D．The moon may be shrinking, but not by much. E．However, these new findings prove that is not true. F．Later as it lost energy, it gradually cooled down and began to shrink. G．Scientists worry this means the moon will not appear any more in the future. Passage5 Are you interested in the life of astronauts in space? Do you know how they eat, sleep and bathe in space? 1 How do the astronauts eat in space? Like people on the Earth, the astronauts also have three meals every day. 2 They can help stop the food from flying away. The astronauts need to heat their food before they eat. It takes them about 20-30 minutes to finish this step. 3 We all know that things are easy to float in space, and so are the bodies of the astronauts. To solve the problem, their bodies will be strapped when they sleep. The astronauts can be stopped from floating away in this way. The astronauts have their bedtime. 4 How do the astronauts shower in space? Because of the effect of zero gravity, the astronauts don’t have the luxury of taking showers in outer space. Water can’t flow the way it does on the Earth. 5 For example, they use wet towels and waterless shampoos (洗发水). A．How do the astronauts sleep in space? B．It’s difficult to eat in space. C．Next we will tell you some useful information. D．They usually sleep for 8 hours a day. E．Their food is stored in some special locker trays (托盘). F．How do the astronauts live in space? G．That’s why the astronauts have to use other methods to keep themselves clean. 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $