Unit 1 Power of Ideas 发明与创造（单元阅读精练）英语新教材鲁教版五四制九年级全一册

**基本信息** 以“发明与创造”为主题，通过时文阅读与实战演练结合，构建从现实生活到科技发展的知识逻辑链，培养语言能力与思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |时文阅读|2篇（李奶奶访谈、植物运动与发明）|记叙文+说明文，侧重细节对比与信息提取|从生活变化切入，关联植物特性与科技应用，铺垫主题认知| |实战演练|4篇（火星生活、地图史、无人机、烟花）|阅读理解+七选五+完形填空+阅读填空，覆盖中考核心题型|围绕发明创造，从未来场景到历史演变，从科技应用到文化表达，深化主题与语言技能融合|

Unit 1 Power of Ideas 发明与创造 单元阅读精练 模块 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 时文阅读 Passage1 阅读理解 记叙文 290 通过记者与80多岁李奶奶的问答，对比过去与现在的生活差异。 Passage2 阅读理解 说明文 258 介绍植物独特的运动特点，以及人类模仿植物特性做出的科技发明。 实战演练 Passage1 阅读理解 说明文 218 畅想了未来人类在火星上的生活场景，从住房、食物、交通等方面介绍了火星生活的特点与挑战。 Passage2 阅读理解 七选五 说明文 245 文章主要介绍了地图的发展历史，从早期地图的起源到现代数字地图的演变过程，展示了地图如何塑造我们的生活和对世界的看法。 Passage3 完形填空 说明文 230 本文主要介绍无人机的多种用途，包括拍照、送咖啡、运送医疗物资、搜救迷路人员及协助灭火等，展示了科技对生活的帮助。 Passage4 阅读填空 说明文 217 介绍了烟花的起源与发展历程，讲述了烟花从古至今用途的变化，既作为庆典燃放物，也引申为英语里形容情绪、氛围的常用表达。 Passage1 Mrs Li is over 80 years old. She has lived in Beijing all her life. A reporter interviewed her yesterday. The following are their questions and answers. Q: What was your life like in the past? A: My family lived in a tiny house on a farm. My father was a postman, and he often worked twelve hours a day outside in the winter cold or in the summer heat. My mum was a farm girl before she met my father. She was a kind and loving mother. She didn’t go out to work. There were five children in my family, and looking after us was more than a full-time job. The food we ate was simple. We could only eat meat once or twice a year. I wasn’t sent to school because my family couldn’t afford the tuition (学费). Q: How has life changed? A: Families have got smaller than they were in the past. The role of women has changed too. My daughter is really lucky. She has a good education. I’m happy that she can go to work even after getting married, but sometimes I feel lonely because she can’t come to see me often. Transport and travel are easier today. When I was young, I went everywhere on foot. Now we can take the bus, drive the car or ride the shared bikes. What I don’t like is that there’s so much more traffic. It’s so difficult to cross the road. And, of course, we have televisions today and I really enjoy watching TV. But I hate some of the shows because they are too noisy for me. Generally speaking, I think life is better today. We eat better and we live longer. 李奶奶已经八十多岁了。她一辈子都住在北京。昨天一名记者采访了她，以下是二人的问答。 问：您过去的生活是什么样的？ 答：我们一家住在农场一间狭小的房子里。我的父亲是邮递员，无论寒冬酷暑，他每天在外工作长达十二个小时。母亲在认识父亲之前是农场女工，她温柔顾家，没有外出工作。家里有五个孩子，照料我们几乎占满了她全部时间。 我们的吃食十分简单，一年只能吃上一两次肉。家里负担不起学费，所以我从没上过学。 问：生活发生了哪些变化？ 答：现在的家庭规模比过去小了，女性的角色也有所改变。我的女儿十分幸运，接受过良好教育。我很欣慰她婚后依旧能工作，但她很少来看我，我时常感到孤单。 如今出行交通便利许多。我年轻时去哪都只能步行，现在人们可以坐公交、开车或是骑共享单车。但我不喜欢拥堵的车流，过马路变得很困难。当然，现在家家户户都有电视，我很爱看电视，可有些节目声音太吵，我不太喜欢。 总的来说，我认为现在的生活更好了，我们吃得更好，也更加长寿。 【长难句分析】 1. She has lived in Beijing all her life.她一辈子都住在北京。 本句为现在完成时，结构have/has+过去分词，强调动作从过去持续到现在；all her life作时间状语。 2. What was your life like in the past? 你过去的生活是什么样子的？ 固定句型What be sth. like？用于询问事物的样貌、情况；in the past是一般过去时标志，be动词用was。 3. Looking after us was more than a full-time job.照顾我们远比一份全职工作还要辛苦。 动名词短语Looking after us在句中作主语，谓语动词用单数was；more than此处意为“不仅仅、远超”。 4. I wasn’t sent to school because my family couldn’t afford the tuition.我没能去上学，因为家里负担不起学费。 主句为一般过去时被动语态wasn’t sent，表示“被送去（上学）”；because引导原因状语从句；afford后直接接宾语，表负担费用。 5. Generally speaking, I think life is better today.总的来说，我认为如今的生活更好了。 Generally speaking为插入语，表总结；think后接宾语从句；better是good的比较级，暗含现在和过去生活对比。 【重难词汇梳理】 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. interview v. 采访 2. tiny adj. 狭小的 3. afford v. 承担得起 4. transport n. 交通 5. generally adv. 大体上 6. all one’s life 一辈子 7. once or twice a year 一年一两次 8. generally speaking 总的来说 Passage2 Plants can not move like animals, but they communicate and respond to the environment through their own movement—a type of “plant body language”. Scientists have been amazed by these movements and created inventions based on them. Everyone knows sunflowers turn to face the sun as it moves across the sky. This gave engineers the idea to create SmartFlower solar panels. They are in the shape of flowers, and each “petal(花瓣)” is a solar panel. SmartFlower follows the sun all day, which helps produce 40% more energy than normal solar panels. After dark or when there’s bad weather like heavy rain, the “petals” will close up. Some plants, such as ivy (常春藤), can climb walls using sticky pads. The pads help ivy stick to wood, stone, and other surfaces. After studying this plant, scientists created soft climbing robots. Though small, these robots are strong enough to move on different surfaces and turn corners. This allows them to work in hard-to-reach places. Another amazing plant is the exploding cucumber (喷瓜). It has a cool trick. When touched, it shoots seeds up to 6 metres away! Learning from this plant’s “body language”, medical researchers have developed a new way to send medicine to where it’s needed in the body, just as the plants shoot seeds to the right places. Plants may seem quiet and still, but their special movements have inspired real-world inventions. Next time you see a plant, watch its “body language” carefully; you might catch the next scientific breakthrough! 植物无法像动物一样移动，但它们会通过自身特有的动作交流、回应环境，这是一种“植物肢体语言”。科学家对这些植物的运动方式十分惊叹，并以此为基础研发出各类发明。 所有人都知道向日葵会随着太阳在空中移动而转向太阳。这给工程师带来灵感，发明了智能花太阳能板。它整体造型如同花朵，每一片“花瓣”都是一块太阳能板。智能花全天跟随太阳转动，发电量比普通太阳能板高出40%。天黑或是遭遇大雨等恶劣天气时，“花瓣”就会收拢闭合。 还有一些植物，比如常春藤，依靠粘性吸盘攀爬墙面。这些吸盘能让常春藤牢牢附着在木头、石头以及其他物体表面。科学家研究这种植物后，研制出了柔性攀爬机器人。这类机器人体型小巧，却足以在各类表面移动、转弯，适合在常人难以抵达的区域作业。 另一种神奇植物是喷瓜，它拥有独特的本领：一旦被触碰，就能将种子喷射至6米远的地方。医学研究者借鉴这种植物的“肢体语言”，研发出一种全新给药方式，如同喷瓜精准喷射种子一般，把药物输送到人体需要治疗的部位。 植物看似安静静止，但它们独特的运动特性启发了众多现实发明。下次你看见植物时，可以仔细观察它的“肢体语言”，说不定你能从中发现下一项科学突破！ 【长难句分析】 1.Plants can not move like animals, but they communicate and respond to the environment through their own movement—a type of “plant body language”. 植物不能像动物一样移动，但它们能依靠自身的动作交流、回应环境，这就是一种“植物肢体语言”。 列句，由but连接前后两个分句，表转折； like animals作方式状语；through their own movement是方式状语。 2.SmartFlower follows the sun all day, which helps produce 40% more energy than normal solar panels. 智能花太阳能板全天追随太阳转动，这让它的发电量比普通太阳能板多出40%。  which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整件事；比较级结构more…than…，对比智能太阳能板与普通板的发电量; help (to) do sth. 固定搭配，to可省略。 3.Though small, these robots are strong enough to move on different surfaces and turn corners. 尽管体型小巧，这些机器人动力充足，能在各类材质表面移动并转弯。 状语从句省略，完整为Though they are small； enough to do 固定结构，表“足够……去做某事”； 4.Learning from this plant’s “body language”, medical researchers have developed a new way to send medicine to where it’s needed in the body, just as the plants shoot seeds to the right places. 医学科研人员借鉴这种植物的“肢体语言”，研发出新型给药方式，能将药物送至体内病灶，原理和喷瓜把种子喷射到合适位置如出一辙。 句首Learning from…是现在分词作状语，表主动伴随； to send medicine…不定式作后置定语修饰way；where引导宾语从句，作介词to的宾语； 4. just as引导方式状语从句，类比植物喷种子的行为。 5.Next time you see a plant, watch its “body language” carefully; you might catch the next scientific breakthrough!下次看见植物时，仔细观察它的“肢体语言”，你或许能迎来下一项科学突破！  might情态动词表推测，语气委婉；catch此处引申为发现、取得。 【重难词汇梳理】 1. respond v. 回应，作出反应 2. environment n. 环境 3. surface n. 表面 4. develop v. 研发；发展 5. breakthrough n. 突破 6. respond to the environment 对环境作出反应 7. close up 收拢，闭合 8. hard-to-reach places 难以抵达的地方 Passage1 Have you ever imagined living on Mars? Many scientists believe that it could happen in the next 50 years. Let’s take a look at what life might be like there. First, the houses on Mars would be very different from those on Earth. They would need to be strong enough to protect people from the dangerous radiation (辐射) and extreme temperatures. Most houses would be built under the ground or inside large domes (圆顶建筑) with air systems to keep the air clean and warm. Second, food would also be a big challenge. Farmers would grow vegetables in special greenhouses where they can control the light and water. People might also eat a lot of protein bars made from insects, because raising animals would take too much space and resources. Transportation on Mars would be mainly by rovers (漫游车) or flying cars. Since Mars has weaker gravity than Earth, people could jump much higher and even fly with special suits. However, living on Mars wouldn’t be easy. People would have to learn to live without many things we take for granted, like fresh water and large open spaces. But many people think that the adventure and the chance to start a new life would be worth it. 1．What is the main idea of the text? A．How to build houses on Mars. B．What life might be like on Mars. C．Why people want to live on Mars. D．The challenges of living on Earth. 2．Why would houses on Mars be built under the ground or in domes? A．To save space. B．To protect people from bad conditions. C．To make them look more beautiful. D．To keep away from insects. 3．What would people probably eat on Mars? A．Fresh vegetables from outside. B．Meat from animals. C．Protein bars made from insects. D．Traditional Earth food. 4．Which of the following is TRUE about transportation on Mars? A．People can’t jump high there. B．Rovers and flying cars are common. C．Gravity is stronger than on Earth. D．People don’t need special suits. 5．What do many people think of living on Mars? A．It’s impossible to achieve. B．It’s not worth the trouble. C．It’s an exciting and valuable adventure. D．It’s just a dream with no real meaning. Passage2 Maps have guided us for thousands of years. The art and science of making maps is called cartography (制图学). 1 Early maps The earliest maps were artistic representations of the world and often incorrect. One of the oldest surviving maps was created in Mesopotamia in the 6th century BCE. It was called the Babylonian Map of the World. Some maps from China and the Turin map from ancient Egypt showed some more geographical features (地理特征) like rivers. In the next few centuries, maps became more correct. 2 Scientific improvements In about 150 AD, a Greek named Claudius Ptolemy published his Guide to Geography, which became a basis for later maps. Ptolemy created latitude and longitude (经纬度) in his map. 3 It was found centuries later. The Age of Exploration Mapmaking got popular in the 15th century in Europe, known as the Age of Exploration. Maps became more and more accurate. A turning point came in 1569 when Gerardus Mercator made a 2D map of the world. In the 20th century, maps played a big role in World War I and World War II. 4 For example, paper road maps guided drivers from one place to another. Modern maps 5 The GPS became widely available for everyone. Today, millions of people worldwide use digital maps every day. From centuries ago to today, maps have shaped our lives and our view of the world. A．That was because people understood more about the shape of the Earth and its oceans. B．Later all old maps had no mistakes at all. C．But his map was lost for years. D．Soon after maps entered daily life. E．Now, let’s look at the long history of mapmaking. F．US newspapers published a special map. G．In the late 20th century, digital technology changed maps greatly. Passage3 Drones (无人机) were invented in recent years. They are very helpful to us. They can do a lot of things for us. They can 1 photos, deliver (递送) things from packages (包裹) to pizzas and follow wild animals. But they have many 2 uses now. Can you believe it? Drones can serve people coffee. This kind of drone was made by US company IBM. It can deliver 3 to sleepy people. The drone can know when to bring a cup of coffee by studying a person’s 4 information. Then, the drone will fly to the person. There is a 5 device (设备) under the drone. It helps the drone to give coffee. The drone can also learn 6 someone’s coffee-drinking habits, and tell when someone needs next 7 of coffee. Drones can also save lives. One company in Africa uses drones to deliver medicine and blood fast and 8 many people’s lives. The drones are able to fly at 9 of up to 60 mph. When they are within a minute of the destination (目的地) , the doctors will get a message and 10 for them nearby. The drone drops off the package 11 then returns to its home. A 92-year-old hunter (猎手) in Virginia was 12 and had to spend a night in the woods. The 13 searched for him all night but failed to find him. It is 14 that the drone found him in only 20 minutes. Also, drones helped firefighters know better about the 15 in wildfire fighting. 1．A．take B．remain C．list D．lock 2．A．all B．both C．other D．nor 3．A．biscuit B．cookie C．salt D．coffee 4．A．accidental B．personal C．professional D．educational 5．A．musical B．daily C．special D．local 6．A．about B．off C．onto D．under 7．A．style B．trade C．smell D．cup 8．A．develop B．save C．solve D．improve 9．A．heels B．patterns C．speeds D．bells 10．A．wait B．heat C．spread D．treat 11．A．if B．but C．so D．and 12．A．low B．lost C．hungry D．blind 13．A．hero B．customer C．police D．saint 14．A．lucky B．private C．local D．proud 15．A．electricity B．situation C．pioneer D．Earthquake Passage4 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 Fireworks were invented in China in the 7th century. A group of Taoists (道士) were trying to create a medicine that would make people live 1 (long) than before. Instead, they 2 (accidental) invented gunpowder (火药). From then on, it was always 3 (use) for fireworks. Today, fireworks are used for celebrations in our daily life. From ancient China to the New World, fireworks have 4 (develop) a lot. The very first fireworks didn’t do much more than pop (爆炸), but modern ones have many 5 (style). And they can also create lots of shapes, many colors and different sounds. People shoot fireworks into the sky when they 6 (be) celebrating a great event. It fills the dark sky 7 bright reds, blues, yellows, greens and whites. Often movies or television cartoons show fireworks to mark the excitement of any event or activity. One such event is 8 (fall) in love. If anything can produce fireworks, it is a sweetheart’s kiss 9 the touch of a lover’s hand. Fireworks can also be 10 useful expression. For example, when one wants to stop a loud argument, he may say, “I want no more of these fireworks in this room.” Whether you are happy or angry, there are always fireworks. 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 1 Power of Ideas 发明与创造 单元阅读精练 模块 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 时文阅读 Passage1 阅读理解 记叙文 290 通过记者与80多岁李奶奶的问答，对比过去与现在的生活差异。 Passage2 阅读理解 说明文 258 介绍植物独特的运动特点，以及人类模仿植物特性做出的科技发明。 实战演练 Passage1 阅读理解 说明文 218 畅想了未来人类在火星上的生活场景，从住房、食物、交通等方面介绍了火星生活的特点与挑战。 Passage2 阅读理解 七选五 说明文 245 文章主要介绍了地图的发展历史，从早期地图的起源到现代数字地图的演变过程，展示了地图如何塑造我们的生活和对世界的看法。 Passage3 完形填空 说明文 230 本文主要介绍无人机的多种用途，包括拍照、送咖啡、运送医疗物资、搜救迷路人员及协助灭火等，展示了科技对生活的帮助。 Passage4 阅读填空 说明文 217 介绍了烟花的起源与发展历程，讲述了烟花从古至今用途的变化，既作为庆典燃放物，也引申为英语里形容情绪、氛围的常用表达。 Passage1 Mrs Li is over 80 years old. She has lived in Beijing all her life. A reporter interviewed her yesterday. The following are their questions and answers. Q: What was your life like in the past? A: My family lived in a tiny house on a farm. My father was a postman, and he often worked twelve hours a day outside in the winter cold or in the summer heat. My mum was a farm girl before she met my father. She was a kind and loving mother. She didn’t go out to work. There were five children in my family, and looking after us was more than a full-time job. The food we ate was simple. We could only eat meat once or twice a year. I wasn’t sent to school because my family couldn’t afford the tuition (学费). Q: How has life changed? A: Families have got smaller than they were in the past. The role of women has changed too. My daughter is really lucky. She has a good education. I’m happy that she can go to work even after getting married, but sometimes I feel lonely because she can’t come to see me often. Transport and travel are easier today. When I was young, I went everywhere on foot. Now we can take the bus, drive the car or ride the shared bikes. What I don’t like is that there’s so much more traffic. It’s so difficult to cross the road. And, of course, we have televisions today and I really enjoy watching TV. But I hate some of the shows because they are too noisy for me. Generally speaking, I think life is better today. We eat better and we live longer. 李奶奶已经八十多岁了。她一辈子都住在北京。昨天一名记者采访了她，以下是二人的问答。 问：您过去的生活是什么样的？ 答：我们一家住在农场一间狭小的房子里。我的父亲是邮递员，无论寒冬酷暑，他每天在外工作长达十二个小时。母亲在认识父亲之前是农场女工，她温柔顾家，没有外出工作。家里有五个孩子，照料我们几乎占满了她全部时间。 我们的吃食十分简单，一年只能吃上一两次肉。家里负担不起学费，所以我从没上过学。 问：生活发生了哪些变化？ 答：现在的家庭规模比过去小了，女性的角色也有所改变。我的女儿十分幸运，接受过良好教育。我很欣慰她婚后依旧能工作，但她很少来看我，我时常感到孤单。 如今出行交通便利许多。我年轻时去哪都只能步行，现在人们可以坐公交、开车或是骑共享单车。但我不喜欢拥堵的车流，过马路变得很困难。当然，现在家家户户都有电视，我很爱看电视，可有些节目声音太吵，我不太喜欢。 总的来说，我认为现在的生活更好了，我们吃得更好，也更加长寿。 【长难句分析】 1. She has lived in Beijing all her life.她一辈子都住在北京。 本句为现在完成时，结构have/has+过去分词，强调动作从过去持续到现在；all her life作时间状语。 2. What was your life like in the past? 你过去的生活是什么样子的？ 固定句型What be sth. like？用于询问事物的样貌、情况；in the past是一般过去时标志，be动词用was。 3. Looking after us was more than a full-time job.照顾我们远比一份全职工作还要辛苦。 动名词短语Looking after us在句中作主语，谓语动词用单数was；more than此处意为“不仅仅、远超”。 4. I wasn’t sent to school because my family couldn’t afford the tuition.我没能去上学，因为家里负担不起学费。 主句为一般过去时被动语态wasn’t sent，表示“被送去（上学）”；because引导原因状语从句；afford后直接接宾语，表负担费用。 5. Generally speaking, I think life is better today.总的来说，我认为如今的生活更好了。 Generally speaking为插入语，表总结；think后接宾语从句；better是good的比较级，暗含现在和过去生活对比。 【重难词汇梳理】 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. interview v. 采访 2. tiny adj. 狭小的 3. afford v. 承担得起 4. transport n. 交通 5. generally adv. 大体上 6. all one’s life 一辈子 7. once or twice a year 一年一两次 8. generally speaking 总的来说 Passage2 Plants can not move like animals, but they communicate and respond to the environment through their own movement—a type of “plant body language”. Scientists have been amazed by these movements and created inventions based on them. Everyone knows sunflowers turn to face the sun as it moves across the sky. This gave engineers the idea to create SmartFlower solar panels. They are in the shape of flowers, and each “petal(花瓣)” is a solar panel. SmartFlower follows the sun all day, which helps produce 40% more energy than normal solar panels. After dark or when there’s bad weather like heavy rain, the “petals” will close up. Some plants, such as ivy (常春藤), can climb walls using sticky pads. The pads help ivy stick to wood, stone, and other surfaces. After studying this plant, scientists created soft climbing robots. Though small, these robots are strong enough to move on different surfaces and turn corners. This allows them to work in hard-to-reach places. Another amazing plant is the exploding cucumber (喷瓜). It has a cool trick. When touched, it shoots seeds up to 6 metres away! Learning from this plant’s “body language”, medical researchers have developed a new way to send medicine to where it’s needed in the body, just as the plants shoot seeds to the right places. Plants may seem quiet and still, but their special movements have inspired real-world inventions. Next time you see a plant, watch its “body language” carefully; you might catch the next scientific breakthrough! 植物无法像动物一样移动，但它们会通过自身特有的动作交流、回应环境，这是一种“植物肢体语言”。科学家对这些植物的运动方式十分惊叹，并以此为基础研发出各类发明。 所有人都知道向日葵会随着太阳在空中移动而转向太阳。这给工程师带来灵感，发明了智能花太阳能板。它整体造型如同花朵，每一片“花瓣”都是一块太阳能板。智能花全天跟随太阳转动，发电量比普通太阳能板高出40%。天黑或是遭遇大雨等恶劣天气时，“花瓣”就会收拢闭合。 还有一些植物，比如常春藤，依靠粘性吸盘攀爬墙面。这些吸盘能让常春藤牢牢附着在木头、石头以及其他物体表面。科学家研究这种植物后，研制出了柔性攀爬机器人。这类机器人体型小巧，却足以在各类表面移动、转弯，适合在常人难以抵达的区域作业。 另一种神奇植物是喷瓜，它拥有独特的本领：一旦被触碰，就能将种子喷射至6米远的地方。医学研究者借鉴这种植物的“肢体语言”，研发出一种全新给药方式，如同喷瓜精准喷射种子一般，把药物输送到人体需要治疗的部位。 植物看似安静静止，但它们独特的运动特性启发了众多现实发明。下次你看见植物时，可以仔细观察它的“肢体语言”，说不定你能从中发现下一项科学突破！ 【长难句分析】 1.Plants can not move like animals, but they communicate and respond to the environment through their own movement—a type of “plant body language”. 植物不能像动物一样移动，但它们能依靠自身的动作交流、回应环境，这就是一种“植物肢体语言”。 列句，由but连接前后两个分句，表转折； like animals作方式状语；through their own movement是方式状语。 2.SmartFlower follows the sun all day, which helps produce 40% more energy than normal solar panels. 智能花太阳能板全天追随太阳转动，这让它的发电量比普通太阳能板多出40%。  which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整件事；比较级结构more…than…，对比智能太阳能板与普通板的发电量; help (to) do sth. 固定搭配，to可省略。 3.Though small, these robots are strong enough to move on different surfaces and turn corners. 尽管体型小巧，这些机器人动力充足，能在各类材质表面移动并转弯。 状语从句省略，完整为Though they are small； enough to do 固定结构，表“足够……去做某事”； 4.Learning from this plant’s “body language”, medical researchers have developed a new way to send medicine to where it’s needed in the body, just as the plants shoot seeds to the right places. 医学科研人员借鉴这种植物的“肢体语言”，研发出新型给药方式，能将药物送至体内病灶，原理和喷瓜把种子喷射到合适位置如出一辙。 句首Learning from…是现在分词作状语，表主动伴随； to send medicine…不定式作后置定语修饰way；where引导宾语从句，作介词to的宾语； 4. just as引导方式状语从句，类比植物喷种子的行为。 5.Next time you see a plant, watch its “body language” carefully; you might catch the next scientific breakthrough!下次看见植物时，仔细观察它的“肢体语言”，你或许能迎来下一项科学突破！  might情态动词表推测，语气委婉；catch此处引申为发现、取得。 【重难词汇梳理】 1. respond v. 回应，作出反应 2. environment n. 环境 3. surface n. 表面 4. develop v. 研发；发展 5. breakthrough n. 突破 6. respond to the environment 对环境作出反应 7. close up 收拢，闭合 8. hard-to-reach places 难以抵达的地方 Passage1 Have you ever imagined living on Mars? Many scientists believe that it could happen in the next 50 years. Let’s take a look at what life might be like there. First, the houses on Mars would be very different from those on Earth. They would need to be strong enough to protect people from the dangerous radiation (辐射) and extreme temperatures. Most houses would be built under the ground or inside large domes (圆顶建筑) with air systems to keep the air clean and warm. Second, food would also be a big challenge. Farmers would grow vegetables in special greenhouses where they can control the light and water. People might also eat a lot of protein bars made from insects, because raising animals would take too much space and resources. Transportation on Mars would be mainly by rovers (漫游车) or flying cars. Since Mars has weaker gravity than Earth, people could jump much higher and even fly with special suits. However, living on Mars wouldn’t be easy. People would have to learn to live without many things we take for granted, like fresh water and large open spaces. But many people think that the adventure and the chance to start a new life would be worth it. 1．What is the main idea of the text? A．How to build houses on Mars. B．What life might be like on Mars. C．Why people want to live on Mars. D．The challenges of living on Earth. 2．Why would houses on Mars be built under the ground or in domes? A．To save space. B．To protect people from bad conditions. C．To make them look more beautiful. D．To keep away from insects. 3．What would people probably eat on Mars? A．Fresh vegetables from outside. B．Meat from animals. C．Protein bars made from insects. D．Traditional Earth food. 4．Which of the following is TRUE about transportation on Mars? A．People can’t jump high there. B．Rovers and flying cars are common. C．Gravity is stronger than on Earth. D．People don’t need special suits. 5．What do many people think of living on Mars? A．It’s impossible to achieve. B．It’s not worth the trouble. C．It’s an exciting and valuable adventure. D．It’s just a dream with no real meaning. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 4．B 5．C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，畅想了未来人类在火星上的生活场景，从住房、食物、交通等方面介绍了火星生活的特点与挑战。 1．文章第一段末尾提出“Let’s take a look at what life might be like there.”，随后各段分别从住房、食物、交通及生活感受等方面具体描述了火星生活的场景，因此全文主旨是介绍火星生活可能是什么样子的。 2．根据第二段中“They would need to be strong enough to protect people from the dangerous radiation and extreme temperatures.”可知，房屋建在地下或圆顶内是为了保护人们免受辐射和极端温度等恶劣环境条件的伤害。 3．根据第三段中“People might also eat a lot of protein bars made from insects...”可知，由于饲养动物太占空间和资源，人们可能会食用昆虫制成的蛋白棒。A选项的“户外新鲜蔬菜”不符合火星环境，B选项的“动物肉类”因资源限制难以实现，D选项的“传统地球食物”未被提及。 4．根据文章第四段“Transportation on Mars would be mainly by rovers(漫游车)or flying cars.”，可知火星上的主要交通方式是漫游车和飞行汽车，对应B选项。 5．根据文章最后一段“But many people think that the adventure and the chance to start a new life would be worth it.”，可知许多人认为在火星上生活是一场值得的冒险，对应C选项“一场令人兴奋且有价值的冒险”。A、B、D选项均与文中worth it“值得”的积极态度相悖，因此排除。 Passage2 Maps have guided us for thousands of years. The art and science of making maps is called cartography (制图学). 1 Early maps The earliest maps were artistic representations of the world and often incorrect. One of the oldest surviving maps was created in Mesopotamia in the 6th century BCE. It was called the Babylonian Map of the World. Some maps from China and the Turin map from ancient Egypt showed some more geographical features (地理特征) like rivers. In the next few centuries, maps became more correct. 2 Scientific improvements In about 150 AD, a Greek named Claudius Ptolemy published his Guide to Geography, which became a basis for later maps. Ptolemy created latitude and longitude (经纬度) in his map. 3 It was found centuries later. The Age of Exploration Mapmaking got popular in the 15th century in Europe, known as the Age of Exploration. Maps became more and more accurate. A turning point came in 1569 when Gerardus Mercator made a 2D map of the world. In the 20th century, maps played a big role in World War I and World War II. 4 For example, paper road maps guided drivers from one place to another. Modern maps 5 The GPS became widely available for everyone. Today, millions of people worldwide use digital maps every day. From centuries ago to today, maps have shaped our lives and our view of the world. A．That was because people understood more about the shape of the Earth and its oceans. B．Later all old maps had no mistakes at all. C．But his map was lost for years. D．Soon after maps entered daily life. E．Now, let’s look at the long history of mapmaking. F．US newspapers published a special map. G．In the late 20th century, digital technology changed maps greatly. 【答案】1．E 2．A 3．C 4．D 5．G 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了地图的发展历史，从早期地图的起源到现代数字地图的演变过程，展示了地图如何塑造我们的生活和对世界的看法。 1．第一段介绍了制图学的定义，空格后为“Early maps”小标题，说明下文将讲述地图的历史。E项“Now, let’s look at the long history of mapmaking.”中的“now”和“long history”起到承上启下的作用，引出下文对地图历史的介绍。 2．第二段讲述早期地图从错误到逐渐准确的过程，空格前“In the next few centuries, maps became more correct.”说明地图变得更准确，空格处应解释原因。A项“That was because people understood more about the shape of the Earth and its oceans.”中的“that”指代前文“maps became more correct”，解释了变得更准确的原因。 3．第三段讲述托勒密制作了经纬度地图，空格后“It was found centuries later.”中的“it”指代前文提到的某物，说明该地图后来被找到。C项“But his map was lost for years.”中的“his map”指代托勒密的地图，与后文“found centuries later”构成“丢失多年后被找到”的逻辑关系。 4．第四段讲述大航海时代地图变得更准确，空格后“For example, paper road maps guided drivers from one place to another.”举例说明地图在日常生活中的应用，空格处应引出这一变化。D项“Soon after maps entered daily life.”中的“entered daily life”与后文“guided drivers”形成呼应，说明地图进入日常生活后的具体用途。 5．第五段讲述现代地图，空格后“The GPS became widely available for everyone.”提到GPS的普及，空格处应说明数字技术的变革。G项“In the late 20th century, digital technology changed maps greatly.”中的“digital technology”与后文“GPS”形成逻辑关联，且“late 20th century”与后文“today”构成时间递进。 Passage3 Drones (无人机) were invented in recent years. They are very helpful to us. They can do a lot of things for us. They can 1 photos, deliver (递送) things from packages (包裹) to pizzas and follow wild animals. But they have many 2 uses now. Can you believe it? Drones can serve people coffee. This kind of drone was made by US company IBM. It can deliver 3 to sleepy people. The drone can know when to bring a cup of coffee by studying a person’s 4 information. Then, the drone will fly to the person. There is a 5 device (设备) under the drone. It helps the drone to give coffee. The drone can also learn 6 someone’s coffee-drinking habits, and tell when someone needs next 7 of coffee. Drones can also save lives. One company in Africa uses drones to deliver medicine and blood fast and 8 many people’s lives. The drones are able to fly at 9 of up to 60 mph. When they are within a minute of the destination (目的地) , the doctors will get a message and 10 for them nearby. The drone drops off the package 11 then returns to its home. A 92-year-old hunter (猎手) in Virginia was 12 and had to spend a night in the woods. The 13 searched for him all night but failed to find him. It is 14 that the drone found him in only 20 minutes. Also, drones helped firefighters know better about the 15 in wildfire fighting. 1．A．take B．remain C．list D．lock 2．A．all B．both C．other D．nor 3．A．biscuit B．cookie C．salt D．coffee 4．A．accidental B．personal C．professional D．educational 5．A．musical B．daily C．special D．local 6．A．about B．off C．onto D．under 7．A．style B．trade C．smell D．cup 8．A．develop B．save C．solve D．improve 9．A．heels B．patterns C．speeds D．bells 10．A．wait B．heat C．spread D．treat 11．A．if B．but C．so D．and 12．A．low B．lost C．hungry D．blind 13．A．hero B．customer C．police D．saint 14．A．lucky B．private C．local D．proud 15．A．electricity B．situation C．pioneer D．Earthquake 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．B 5．C 6．A 7．D 8．B 9．C 10．A 11．D 12．B 13．C 14．A 15．B 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍无人机的多种用途，包括拍照、送咖啡、运送医疗物资、搜救迷路人员及协助灭火等，展示了科技对生活的帮助。 1．句意：它们可以拍照，递送从包裹到披萨等各种物品，还能追踪野生动物。 根据“photos”可知此处指拍照，固定搭配take photos意为“拍照”，应用take。其他选项与照片搭配不当。 2．句意：但它们现在有许多其他用途。 根据前文列举了几种用途及转折词“But”可知，此处指除了前述之外的“其他”用途，应用other。all所有，both两者，nor也不，不符合逻辑。 3．句意：它可以给困倦的人送咖啡。 根据“Drones can serve people coffee”以及“to sleepy people”可知，此处指送“咖啡”，应用coffee。biscuit饼干，cookie曲奇，salt盐，不符合逻辑。 4．句意：无人机可以通过研究一个人的个人信息知道何时送上一杯咖啡。 无人机要判断送咖啡的时间，需要研究人的个人信息，personal information符合语义，应用personal。accidental意外的，professional专业的，educational教育的，不符合逻辑。 5．句意：无人机下面有一个特殊设备。 根据“It helps the drone to give coffee”可知，这个设备是用来帮无人机递送咖啡的特殊装置，应用special。musical音乐的，daily日常的，local当地的，无法体现该设备的功能性。 6．句意：这款无人机还能了解一个人的喝咖啡习惯，并判断出何时需要下一杯咖啡。 固定搭配learn about意为“了解”，此处表示无人机了解人们喝咖啡的习惯，应用about。其他介词无此搭配。 7．句意：这款无人机还能了解一个人的喝咖啡习惯，并判断出何时需要下一杯咖啡。 前文提到a cup of coffee，此处表示判断人们什么时候需要下一杯咖啡，应用cup。 8．句意：非洲的一家公司利用无人机快速运送药品和血液，挽救了许多人的生命。 根据上文“Drones can also save lives”可知，此处指无人机快速送药物和血液，拯救很多人的生命，应用save。develop发展，solve解决，improve改善，不符合逻辑。 9．句意：无人机能以高达60英里每小时的速度飞行。 后文提到时速60英里，可知此处表示飞行速度，固定搭配at speeds of意为“以……的速度”，应用speeds。 10．句意：当他们距离目的地还有一分钟时，医生们会收到一条消息，并在附近等待它们。 根据逻辑，医生收到信息后会在附近“等待”接收，固定搭配wait for意为“等待”，应用wait。heat加热，spread传播，treat治疗，不符合语境。 11．句意：无人机放下包裹然后返回家园。 “drops off the package”和“then returns to its home”是顺承的连续动作，用并列连词and连接。if如果，but但是，so所以，逻辑关系不符。 12．句意：弗吉尼亚州一位92岁的猎人在森林中迷路，不得不在野外度过了一夜。 根据下文“searched for him”可知，他“迷路”了，应用lost。low低的，hungry饿的，blind盲的，逻辑不符。 13．句意：警察找了他一整夜，但没能找到他。 猎人迷路失踪，搜寻失踪人员的是警察police，符合常识。hero英雄，customer顾客，saint圣徒，不符合职业身份。 14．句意：很幸运无人机只用了20分钟就找到了他。 根据对比警察搜寻失败而无人机成功，可知这是“幸运的”，应用lucky。private私人的，local当地的，proud骄傲的，逻辑不符。 15．句意：无人机还帮助消防员更好地了解野火扑救的情况。 根据语境，无人机帮助消防员了解野火扑救的情况，应用situation。electricity电，pioneer先锋，earthquake地震，均不符合语义。 Passage4 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 Fireworks were invented in China in the 7th century. A group of Taoists (道士) were trying to create a medicine that would make people live 1 (long) than before. Instead, they 2 (accidental) invented gunpowder (火药). From then on, it was always 3 (use) for fireworks. Today, fireworks are used for celebrations in our daily life. From ancient China to the New World, fireworks have 4 (develop) a lot. The very first fireworks didn’t do much more than pop (爆炸), but modern ones have many 5 (style). And they can also create lots of shapes, many colors and different sounds. People shoot fireworks into the sky when they 6 (be) celebrating a great event. It fills the dark sky 7 bright reds, blues, yellows, greens and whites. Often movies or television cartoons show fireworks to mark the excitement of any event or activity. One such event is 8 (fall) in love. If anything can produce fireworks, it is a sweetheart’s kiss 9 the touch of a lover’s hand. Fireworks can also be 10 useful expression. For example, when one wants to stop a loud argument, he may say, “I want no more of these fireworks in this room.” Whether you are happy or angry, there are always fireworks. 【答案】1．longer 2．accidentally 3．used 4．developed 5．styles 6．are 7．with 8．falling 9．or 10．a 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了烟花的起源与发展历程，讲述了烟花从古至今用途的变化，既作为庆典燃放物，也引申为英语里形容情绪、氛围的常用表达。 1．句意：一群道士当时正试图炼制一种能让人比以往活得更久的丹药。后面有标志词than（比），必须用形容词/副词比较级；long的比较级是longer。 2．句意：可事与愿违，他们意外发明出了火药。invented是谓语动词，需要副词修饰动词； 形容词accidental变为副词accidentally，意为 “意外地、偶然地”。 3．句意：从那以后，火药就一直被用于制作烟花。一般过去时被动语态结构：was/were+动词过去分词； 主语it指代 gunpowder（火药），火药是“被使用”，use过去分词为used。 4．句意：从古中国传到新大陆，烟花已经发展演变了许多。现在完成时结构：have/has+动词过去分词； develop的过去分词developed。 5．句意：最早的烟花仅仅只会爆开，而现代烟花拥有众多样式，还能幻化出多样造型、缤纷色彩与不同声响。many（许多）后必须接可数名词复数styles。 6．句意：人们在庆祝重大盛典时会燃放烟花。主语they是复数，be动词选用are。 7．句意：漆黑的夜空便被绚烂的红、蓝、黄、绿、白色烟火填满。固定搭配“fill…with…”意为“用……填满/布满……”，是固定介词搭配，故填介词with。 8．句意：坠入爱河便是其中一种场景。本句主语event（事件），系动词is后需要名词性成分作表语； 动词fall变动名词 falling。 9．句意：如果有什么瞬间能如同烟花般绚烂，那便是爱人的亲吻或是牵手触碰。kiss（亲吻）和touch of hand（牵手）是二选一的并列选择关系，表示“或是”，故填or。 10．句意：烟花还可以作为一种很实用的英语表达。expression是可数名词单数；useful音标开头为辅音音素，因此用不定冠词a。 $