Unit 1 课时4 Section B 1a-2d（知识清单）英语新教材人教版七年级上册

该初中英语知识清单聚焦“家庭”主题，系统梳理Unit 1 Section B核心内容。从必背词汇（家庭成员、外貌、性格、爱好等）出发，延伸至句型（描述外貌、性格、爱好）、语法（所有格用法）、阅读技巧，再到短文填空、翻译等综合应用，构建从基础积累到综合运用的学习支架。 知识链路按“词汇-句型-语法-阅读-应用”逻辑递进，每个考点配挖空练习和即学即练题。通过分层练习提升语言能力，逻辑梳理培养思维品质，阅读技巧与易错辨析总结发展学习能力，助力学生扎实掌握家庭主题语言知识与运用技能。

Unit 1 You and Me Section B Reading 1a-2d 核心知识梳理（背诵版） 一、必背词汇 1. 喜爱；爱（动词/名词）（love） 2. 母亲；妈妈 （mother / mum） 3. 父亲；爸爸 （father / dad） 4. 兄；弟 （brother） 5. 姐；妹 （sister） 6. 祖父/外祖父 （grandfather / grandpa） 7. 祖母/外祖母（grandmother / grandma） 8. 祖父母；外祖父母 （grandparents） 9. 父（母）亲 （parent） 10. 堂/表兄（弟、姊、妹）（cousin） 11. 姑/姨/伯/婶/舅母 （aunt） 12. 叔/舅/伯/姑父 （uncle） 13. 儿子 （son） 14. 女儿 （daughter） 15. 孙子/孙女；外孙/外孙女（grandchild） 16. 丈夫 （husband） 17. 英俊的 （handsome） 18. 漂亮的；美丽的 （beautiful） 19. 善良的（kind） 20. 幽默的；好笑（funny） 21. 安静的（quiet） 22. 聪明的（clever） 23. 高的（tall） 24. 矮的（short） 25. 高兴的（happy） 26. 爱好（hobby） 27. 时常；常常（often） 28. 阅读（read） 29. 网球（tennis） 30. 国际象棋（chess） 31. 钢琴（piano） 32. 乒乓球（ping-pong） 33. 篮球（basketball） 二、必会考点 考点 1：家庭成员称呼 本单元围绕家庭话题，需要掌握各类家庭成员的英文名称。注意区分父系与母系亲属在英语中的表达差异。 英文 中文含义 father / dad 父亲；爸爸 mother / mum / mom 母亲；妈妈 grandfather / grandpa 爷爷；外公 grandmother / grandma 奶奶；外婆 brother 兄；弟 sister 姐；妹 cousin 堂/表兄（弟、姊、妹） aunt 姑/姨/伯/婶/舅母 uncle 叔/舅/伯/姑父 parent 父（母）亲（可指父亲或母亲） grandparent 祖父母；外祖父母（复数） son 儿子 daughter 女儿 grandchild 孙子/孙女；外孙/外孙女 husband 丈夫 知识拓展：英语中 cousin 不分男女和长幼，可指堂兄、堂姐、表弟、表妹等；aunt/uncle 同样不区分父系母系，需根据语境判断。 搭配提醒：parents = father + mother（双亲，用复数）；grandparents = grandfather + grandmother（祖父母/外祖父母，用复数）。 ✏️【即学即练】 ① 家庭成员称呼 1. My mum's sister is my ________.（填家庭成员词） 【答案】aunt 2. My father and mother are my ________.（填家庭成员词） 【答案】parents 3. My uncle's daughter is my ________.（填家庭成员词） 【答案】cousin 4. —Is the old man your ________? —Yes, he's my dad's father. 【答案】grandfather 5. Tom's parents have a son and a ________. Tom is the son and Lily is the ________. 【答案】daughter, daughter 考点 2：描述外貌特征 描述家人外貌时，常用 be 动词 + 形容词，或 have/has + 名词（身体部位/穿戴）。 句型 含义 He's / She's tall. 他/她很高。 He's / She's short. 他/她很矮。 He / She has short hair. 他/她留着短发。 He / She has long hair. 他/她留着长发。 She's beautiful. 她很漂亮。 He's handsome. 他很英俊。 He / She has big eyes. 他/她眼睛很大。 搭配提醒：① have/has + 身体部位：表示"长着/有"某种外貌特征，如 has long hair（留着长发）。 ② be + 形容词：描述整体外观，如 is tall / is handsome。注意不能说 is long hair ✘，应该说 has long hair ✔。 ✏️【即学即练】 ② 描述外貌特征 1. My sister ________ big eyes and long hair.（用have/has的正确形式填空） 【答案】has 2. My dad is very ________（英俊的）. He is also very tall. 【答案】handsome 3. —Is your brother tall? —No, he's ________.（填反义词） 【答案】short 4. The girl ________ beautiful and she ________ short hair. 【答案】is, has 考点 3：描述性格特征 描述性格常用 be 动词 + 性格形容词，也可加程度副词 really / very / always 等修饰。 句型 含义 She's kind. 她很善良。 He's funny. 他很幽默。 She's quiet. 她很安静。 He's clever. 他很聪明。 She's always happy. 她总是很开心。 He's really nice. 他人真的很好。 搭配提醒：always（总是）是频度副词，放在 be 动词后面：She is always happy. 注意不能说 She always is happy. ✘ 用法辨析：funny vs fun：funny 表示"好笑的；滑稽的"（如 He's funny. 他很幽默）；fun 表示"有趣的；好玩的"（如 The game is fun. 这个游戏很有趣）。 ✏️【即学即练】 ③ 描述性格特征 1. My grandma is very ________（善良的）. She often helps others. 【答案】kind 2. My brother is very ________（幽默的）. He always makes us laugh. 【答案】funny 3. She doesn't talk much. She is a ________ girl. 【答案】quiet 4. The little boy can answer difficult questions. He is very ________. 【答案】clever 考点 4：描述爱好与活动 描述家人爱好时，常用 like/love + doing（动名词）或一般现在时的动词来描述经常性活动。 句型 含义 He often plays tennis. 他经常打网球。 She always reads me a story. 她总是给我读故事。 He really likes chess. 他非常喜欢国际象棋。 She can play the piano really well. 她钢琴弹得非常好。 He spends a lot of time fishing. 他花很多时间钓鱼。 My mum loves sport. 我妈妈热爱运动。 He likes playing basketball. 他喜欢打篮球。 重点搭配： ① like / love + doing sth. 喜欢做某事（如 likes chess / likes playing basketball） ② spend time doing sth. 花时间做某事（如 spends a lot of time fishing） ③ play + the + 乐器（如 play the piano）；play + 球类/棋类（如 play tennis / play chess），不加 the ④ play ... really well ……弹/打得非常好（really 修饰 well，表示程度） 即学即练 ④ 描述爱好与活动 1. My sister likes ________（read）books every evening. 【答案】reading 2. He spends a lot of time ________（play）ping-pong with his grandpa. 【答案】playing 3. My mother can play ________ piano very well, but she doesn't play ________ chess. 【答案】the, / 4. —Does your father like ________（fish）? —Yes, he does. He often goes fishing on weekends. 【答案】fishing 5. Tom ________（love）sport and he plays basketball every day. 【答案】loves 考点 5：家庭关系表达与所有格 介绍家庭关系时，常用所有格 -'s 表达"某人的"，以及 This is... / These are... 介绍家人。 句型 含义 This is my dad, Fred. 这是我爸爸 Fred。 These are my grandparents. 这些是我的祖父母。 They're my dad's parents. 他们是我爸爸的父母。 It's my mother's piano. 这是我妈妈的钢琴。 Whose fishing rods are those? 那些钓鱼竿是谁的？ They're my grandparents'. 它们是我祖父母的。 Fred is Jack and Sarah's son. Fred 是 Jack 和 Sarah 的儿子。 Lily is Lucy's cousin. Lily 是 Lucy 的堂/表姐妹。 所有格 -'s 用法： ① 单数名词加 -'s：my mother's piano（我妈妈的钢琴） ② 复数名词以 s 结尾只加 -'：my grandparents' dog（我祖父母的狗） ③ 两人共有，在最后一个名词加 -'s：Jack and Sarah's son（Jack 和 Sarah 的儿子） ④ 两人分别拥有，各加 -'s：Kate's and Emma's rooms（Kate 和 Emma 各自的房间） 易错提醒：Whose vs Who's：Whose 询问"谁的"；Who's = Who is 的缩写。读音相同，写法不同！ ✏️【即学即练】 ⑤ 家庭关系表达与所有格 1. This is ________（Kate）cat. It likes fish very much. 【答案】Kate's 2. These are my ________（grandparents）caps. They like wearing caps. 【答案】grandparents' 3. —________ piano is this? —It's my mum's. 【答案】Whose 4. Jack and Sarah ________（have）three grandchildren. 【答案】have 5. Lucy is my aunt's daughter, so she is my ________. 【答案】cousin 考点 6：课文精读 — Lily's Family 阅读技巧点拨： ① 介绍家庭照片时，通常按空间位置描述人物（on the left, on the right, in the middle），阅读时可在图中标注方位帮助理解。 ② 注意作者使用的衔接词：This is... / These are... 用来引出人物；My little brother... / My mum... / My grandparents... 用来更换主语。 ③ 描述人物的顺序通常是：姓名 → 外貌 → 性格 → 爱好/活动，阅读时注意每项信息的对应关系。 ④ 关注 but 等转折词，它们常暗示与预期相反的信息（如 but I think they say the same thing to all of us）。 课文原文： Hi, I'm Lily from Ireland. I love my big family. Here's a photo of us. I'm the one with the pink hat. This is my dad, Fred, on the left. He's very handsome. He often plays tennis with me. My little brother, Sam, is on his knee. Sam is seven, and he really likes chess. My mum, Jane, is on the right. She's beautiful and kind. She always reads me a story at night. My grandparents, Jack and Sarah, are in the middle. They're my dad's parents. They have a dog. His name is Oscar. My grandparents have three grandchildren: Sam, my cousin Lucy, and me. They often say I'm their favourite grandchild, but I think they say the same thing to all of us! 课文信息梳理： 人物 外貌/特征 性格 爱好/活动 Lily the one with the pink hat loves her big family Fred (Dad) handsome often plays tennis Sam (Brother) little; seven years old really likes chess Jane (Mum) beautiful kind always reads a story at night Jack & Sarah (Grandparents) have a dog (Oscar) ✏️【即学即练】 ⑥ 课文阅读理解 1. Fred is Jack and Sarah's son. (T/F) 【答案】T 2. Oscar is Lily's pet dog. (T/F) 【答案】F 【解析】（Oscar是Lily祖父母的狗） 3. Lily thinks she is really her grandparents' favourite grandchild. (T/F) 【答案】F 【解析】（她认为祖父母对每个孙辈都说同样的话） 4. Sam is ________ years old and he really likes ________. 【答案】seven, chess 5. Lily's mother is beautiful and ________. She always reads a story ________ ________ at night. 【答案】kind, at, night 考点 7：重点词组与表达 词组 含义 a photo of 一张……的照片 the one with the pink hat 戴粉色帽子的那个人 on the left 在左边 on the right 在右边 in the middle 在中间 on his knee 在他的膝上 at night 在晚上 a lot of / lots of 许多；大量 spend time doing sth. 花时间做某事 play ... really well ……弹/打得非常好 say the same thing to 对……说同样的话 each other 彼此；互相 make sb. laugh 使某人发笑 go hiking 去远足 ✏️【即学即练】 ⑦ 重点词组 1. Here's a photo ________ my family. 【答案】of 2. My little brother often sits ________ my dad's knee. 【答案】on 3. My mum always reads me a story ________ night. 【答案】at 4. He spends a lot ________ time fishing every weekend. 【答案】of 5. —Where is your grandpa in the photo? —He is ________ the middle. 【答案】in 考点 8：短文填空综合练习 根据课文话题和所学知识，完成下面短文填空： Hi, I'm Hu Xiao. I have a happy 1.______. My dad is 2.______（英俊的）and funny. He often 3.______（踢）football with me. My mum is 4.______（漂亮的）and 5.______（善良的）. She likes 6.______（去远足）with us. I'm tall and always 7.______. I 8.______（热爱）animals. My little sister Hu Rui has big 9.______（眼睛）and she is very clever. She likes 10.______（阅读）. We all love each other! 参考答案 1. family 2. handsome 3. plays 4. beautiful 5. kind 6. going hiking 7. happy 8. love 9. eyes 10. reading 考点 9：翻译练习 即学即练 ⑨ 中译英 1. 这是我的爸爸。他又高又英俊。 【答案】This is my dad/father. He is tall and handsome. 2. 我妈妈很善良，她总是在晚上给我读故事。 【答案】My mum/mother is kind. She always reads me a story at night. 3. 我弟弟七岁了，他非常喜欢国际象棋。 【答案】My little brother is seven (years old), and he really likes chess. 4. 那些钓鱼竿是谁的？是我爷爷的。 【答案】Whose fishing rods are those? They're my grandpa's. 三、易错辨析 ✘错误 ✔正确 错误原因 ✘ He is long hair. ✔ He has long hair. have/has 表示"拥有"，不能用 be 动词 is。 ✘ She always is happy. ✔ She is always happy. 频度副词 always 放在 be 动词之后，不能放在 be 动词之前。 ✘ my parent's dog ✔ my parents' dog parents 是复数名词以 s 结尾，所有格只在 s 后加撇号 '，不加 's。 ✘ play the chess ✔ play chess play + 球类/棋类名词时不加 the，play + 乐器才加 the。 ✘ Who's piano is this? ✔ Whose piano is this? Whose 询问"谁的"；Who's = Who is 的缩写。读音相同，含义不同。 ✘ He spend a lot of time fish. ✔ He spends a lot of time fishing. 主语 He 为第三人称单数，动词用 spends；spend time doing sth. 用动名词 fishing。 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 1 You and Me Section B Reading 1a-2d 核心知识梳理（挖空版） 一、必背词汇 1. 喜爱；爱（动词/名词）（______） 2. 母亲；妈妈（______） 3. 父亲；爸爸（______） 4. 兄；弟（______） 5. 姐；妹（______） 6. 祖父/外祖父（______） 7. 祖母/外祖母（______） 8. 祖父母；外祖父母（______） 9. 父（母）亲（______） 10. 堂/表兄（弟、姊、妹）（______） 11. 姑/姨/伯/婶/舅母（______） 12. 叔/舅/伯/姑父（______） 13. 儿子（______） 14. 女儿（______） 15. 孙子/孙女；外孙/外孙女（______） 16. 丈夫（______） 17. 英俊的（______） 18. 漂亮的；美丽的（______） 19. 善良的（______） 20. 幽默的；好笑的（______） 21. 安静的（______） 22. 聪明的（______） 23. 高的（______） 24. 矮的（______） 25. 高兴的（______） 26. 爱好（______） 27. 时常；常常（______） 28. 阅读（______） 29. 网球（______） 30. 国际象棋（______） 31. 钢琴（______） 32. 乒乓球（______） 33. 篮球（______） 二、必会考点 考点 1：家庭成员称呼 本单元围绕家庭话题，需要掌握各类家庭成员的英文名称。注意区分父系与母系亲属在英语中的表达差异。 英文 中文含义 father / dad mother / mum / mom grandfather / grandpa grandmother / grandma brother sister cousin aunt uncle parent grandparent son daughter grandchild husband 知识拓展：英语中 cousin 不分男女和长幼，可指堂兄、堂姐、表弟、表妹等；aunt/uncle 同样不区分父系母系，需根据语境判断。 搭配提醒：parents = father + mother（双亲，用复数）；grandparents = grandfather + grandmother（祖父母/外祖父母，用复数）。 ✏️【即学即练】 ① 家庭成员称呼 1. My mum's sister is my ________.（填家庭成员词） 2. My father and mother are my ________.（填家庭成员词） 3. My uncle's daughter is my ________.（填家庭成员词） 4. —Is the old man your ________? —Yes, he's my dad's father. 5. Tom's parents have a son and a ________. Tom is the son and Lily is the ________. 考点 2：描述外貌特征 描述家人外貌时，常用 be 动词 + 形容词，或 have/has + 名词（身体部位/穿戴）。 句型 含义 He's / She's tall. He's / She's short. He / She has short hair. He / She has long hair. She's beautiful. He's handsome. He / She has big eyes. 搭配提醒：① have/has + 身体部位：表示"长着/有"某种外貌特征，如 has long hair（留着长发）。 ② be + 形容词：描述整体外观，如 is tall / is handsome。注意不能说 is long hair ✘，应该说 has long hair ✔。 ✏️【即学即练】 ② 描述外貌特征 1. My sister ________ big eyes and long hair.（用have/has的正确形式填空） 2. My dad is very ________（英俊的）. He is also very tall. 3. —Is your brother tall? —No, he's ________.（填反义词） 4. The girl ________ beautiful and she ________ short hair. 考点 3：描述性格特征 描述性格常用 be 动词 + 性格形容词，也可加程度副词 really / very / always 等修饰。 句型 含义 She's kind. He's funny. She's quiet. He's clever. She's always happy. He's really nice. 搭配提醒：always（总是）是频度副词，放在 be 动词后面：She is always happy. 注意不能说 She always is happy. ✘ 用法辨析：funny vs fun：funny 表示"好笑的；滑稽的"（如 He's funny. 他很幽默）；fun 表示"有趣的；好玩的"（如 The game is fun. 这个游戏很有趣）。 ✏️【即学即练】 ③ 描述性格特征 1. My grandma is very ________（善良的）. She often helps others. 2. My brother is very ________（幽默的）. He always makes us laugh. 3. She doesn't talk much. She is a ________ girl. 4. The little boy can answer difficult questions. He is very ________. 考点 4：描述爱好与活动 描述家人爱好时，常用 like/love + doing（动名词）或一般现在时的动词来描述经常性活动。 句型 含义 He often plays tennis. She always reads me a story. He really likes chess. She can play the piano really well. He spends a lot of time fishing. My mum loves sport. He likes playing basketball. 重点搭配： ① like / love + doing sth. 喜欢做某事（如 likes chess / likes playing basketball） ② spend time doing sth. 花时间做某事（如 spends a lot of time fishing） ③ play + the + 乐器（如 play the piano）；play + 球类/棋类（如 play tennis / play chess），不加 the ④ play ... really well ……弹/打得非常好（really 修饰 well，表示程度） ✏️【即学即练】 ④ 描述爱好与活动 1. My sister likes ________（read）books every evening. 2. He spends a lot of time ________（play）ping-pong with his grandpa. 3. My mother can play ________ piano very well, but she doesn't play ________ chess. 4. —Does your father like ________（fish）? —Yes, he does. He often goes fishing on weekends. 5. Tom ________（love）sport and he plays basketball every day. 考点 5：家庭关系表达与所有格 介绍家庭关系时，常用所有格 -'s 表达"某人的"，以及 This is... / These are... 介绍家人。 句型 含义 This is my dad, Fred. These are my grandparents. They're my dad's parents. It's my mother's piano. Whose fishing rods are those? They're my grandparents'. Fred is Jack and Sarah's son. Lily is Lucy's cousin. 所有格 -'s 用法： ① 单数名词加 -'s：my mother's piano（我妈妈的钢琴） ② 复数名词以 s 结尾只加 -'：my grandparents' dog（我祖父母的狗） ③ 两人共有，在最后一个名词加 -'s：Jack and Sarah's son（Jack 和 Sarah 的儿子） ④ 两人分别拥有，各加 -'s：Kate's and Emma's rooms（Kate 和 Emma 各自的房间） 易错提醒：Whose vs Who's：Whose 询问"谁的"；Who's = Who is 的缩写。读音相同，写法不同！ ✏️【即学即练】 ⑤ 家庭关系表达与所有格 1. This is ________（Kate）cat. It likes fish very much. 2. These are my ________（grandparents）caps. They like wearing caps. 3. —________ piano is this? —It's my mum's. 4. Jack and Sarah ________（have）three grandchildren. 5. Lucy is my aunt's daughter, so she is my ________. 考点 6：课文精读 — Lily's Family 阅读技巧点拨： ① 介绍家庭照片时，通常按空间位置描述人物（on the left, on the right, in the middle），阅读时可在图中标注方位帮助理解。 ② 注意作者使用的衔接词：This is... / These are... 用来引出人物；My little brother... / My mum... / My grandparents... 用来更换主语。 ③ 描述人物的顺序通常是：姓名 → 外貌 → 性格 → 爱好/活动，阅读时注意每项信息的对应关系。 ④ 关注 but 等转折词，它们常暗示与预期相反的信息（如 but I think they say the same thing to all of us）。 课文原文： Hi, I'm Lily from Ireland. I love my big family. Here's a photo of us. I'm the one with the pink hat. This is my dad, Fred, on the left. He's very handsome. He often plays tennis with me. My little brother, Sam, is on his knee. Sam is seven, and he really likes chess. My mum, Jane, is on the right. She's beautiful and kind. She always reads me a story at night. My grandparents, Jack and Sarah, are in the middle. They're my dad's parents. They have a dog. His name is Oscar. My grandparents have three grandchildren: Sam, my cousin Lucy, and me. They often say I'm their favourite grandchild, but I think they say the same thing to all of us! 课文信息梳理： 人物 外貌/特征 性格 爱好/活动 Lily the one with the pink hat loves her big family Fred (Dad) handsome often plays tennis Sam (Brother) little; seven years old really likes chess Jane (Mum) beautiful kind always reads a story at night Jack & Sarah (Grandparents) have a dog (Oscar) ✏️【即学即练】 ⑥ 课文阅读理解 1. Fred is Jack and Sarah's son. (T/F) 2. Oscar is Lily's pet dog. (T/F) 3. Lily thinks she is really her grandparents' favourite grandchild. (T/F) 4. Sam is ________ years old and he really likes ________. 5. Lily's mother is beautiful and ________. She always reads a story ________ ________ at night. 考点 7：重点词组与表达 词组 含义 a photo of the one with the pink hat on the left on the right in the middle on his knee at night a lot of / lots of spend time doing sth. play ... really well say the same thing to each other make sb. laugh go hiking ✏️【即学即练】 ⑦ 重点词组 1. Here's a photo ________ my family. 2. My little brother often sits ________ my dad's knee. 3. My mum always reads me a story ________ night. 4. He spends a lot ________ time fishing every weekend. 5. —Where is your grandpa in the photo? —He is ________ the middle. 考点 8：短文填空综合练习 根据课文话题和所学知识，完成下面短文填空： Hi, I'm Hu Xiao. I have a happy 1.______. My dad is 2.______（英俊的）and funny. He often 3.______（踢）football with me. My mum is 4.______（漂亮的）and 5.______（善良的）. She likes 6.______（去远足）with us. I'm tall and always 7.______. I 8.______（热爱）animals. My little sister Hu Rui has big 9.______（眼睛）and she is very clever. She likes 10.______（阅读）. We all love each other! 考点 9：翻译练习 即学即练 ⑨ 中译英 1. 这是我的爸爸。他又高又英俊。 ______________________________________________________ 2. 我妈妈很善良，她总是在晚上给我读故事。______________________________________________________ 3. 我弟弟七岁了，他非常喜欢国际象棋。 ______________________________________________________ 4. 那些钓鱼竿是谁的？是我爷爷的。 _______________________________________________________ 三、易错辨析 错误表达 请改正 He is long hair. She always is happy. my parent's dog play the chess Who's piano is this? He spend a lot of time fish. 1 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $