内容正文:
Unit 1 People of Achievement单元核心知识(背诵版)
一、词性转换
1.crucial adj. 至关重要的;关键性的→crucially adv. 关键地;至关重要地
2.vital adj. 必不可少的;极其重要的;充满生机的→vitally adv. 极其;绝对
3.commit vt. 承诺;保证 vi. 忠于;全心全意投入(工作、活动等)→ committed adj. 尽心尽力的;坚定的;坚信的→commitment n. 承诺;保证;投入;奉献
4.academy n. (艺术、文学、科学等的)研究院;学会;专科院校→academic adj. 学业的;学术的→adv.______________学业上;学术上
5.objective n. 目标;目的 adj. 客观的→object n. 目标;物体;宾语 vt. 提出……作为反对的理由 vi. 反对;拒绝→___________adj. 主观的
6.botany n. 植物学→botanical adj. 植物学的
7.evaluate vt. 评价;评估→evaluation n. 评估;评价
8.distinct adj. 清晰的;清楚的;有区别的→distinction n. 区别;差别;特性
9.boil vt. & vi. (使)沸腾,煮开;烧开 n. 沸腾;沸点→boiling adj. 炽热的;→boiled adj. 煮沸的
10.acknowledge vt. 承认(属实、权威等);(公开)感谢→acknowledgement n. 承认;感谢
11.analyse vt. 分析→analysis n. 分析;分析结果→analysis n. 分析师;分析家
12.science n. 科学→scientific adj. 科学(上)的;关于科学的→scientist n. 科学家
13.conclude vt. 推断;结束,终止→conclusion n. 结论;推论
14.politics n. 政治→politician n. 从政者;政治家;政客→political adj. 政治的
15.novel n. (长篇)小说→novelist n. 小说家
16.gentle adj. 温柔的;文静的→gently adv. 轻柔地;温柔地
17._______adj. 非凡的;显著的→_______adv.惊人地→_________ v.&n. 谈论;评论
18.__________ n. 结果;后果→________ adj. 随之发生的;作为结果的→_________ adv. 结果;因此
19.______ adv. 显而易见;看来;显然→_______ adj. 显而易见的;明显的
20.________ n. 相对论;相对性→__________ adj. 相对的 n. 亲戚→_____ v. 叙述;使有联系;有关联
21._____vt. 推断;推定→_______n. 推断;推论→________(过去式/过去分词/现在分词)
22.________n. 酷爱;激情→________ adj. 热情的;狂热的
二、核心单词
1. ______________ adj. 必不可少的; 极其重要的; 充满生机的
2. ______________ n. 失败; 挫败vt. 击败; 战胜
3. ______________ vt. 评价; 评估
4. ______________ vt. 承认(属实、权威等); (公开)感谢
5. ______________ vt. 偶然碰到; 遇到n. 邂逅; 遭遇
6. ______________ vt. (尤指经努力)获得; 赢得
vi. (规章、习俗等)存在; 流行
7. ______________ adj. 不一般的; 非凡的; 意想不到的
8. ______________ vt. 承诺; 保证(某个人、机构等)
vi. 忠于; 全心全意投入(工作、活动等)
9. ______________ vt. 推断; 推定
10. ______________ n. 条件; 环境; 状况
三、重点短语
1. ______________ 以(做)……为目的
2. ______________ 坚决要求
3. ______________ (正常使用造成的)磨损; 损耗
4. ______________ (开始)掌权; 上台
5. ______________ 担任; 任职
6. ______________ 总结; 概括
7. ______________ 进入僵局; 被卡住
8. ______________ 偶然; 意外地
9. ______________ 导致, 通向
10. ______________ 经得起; 抵抗; 勇敢地面对
四、核心语法
非限制性定语从句:
非限制性定语从句是相对限制性定语从句而言的。非限制性定语与先行词的关系并不十分密切,只是对先行词做些 ,即使去掉,主句的意思仍然清楚。它与主句之间通常用 隔开。翻译时常常单独翻译。常有who, whom, which, whose, as, when, where等关系词引导。
即学即练1:
1. Water, ______is a clear liquid, has many uses.
2. Mr. Zhang, came to see me yesterday, is an old friend of my father’s.
3. Peter, ________ you met in London, is now back in Paris.
4. The books on the desk, _______ covers are shiny, are prizes for us.
5. They went to London , __________they lived for six months .
6. We’ll put off the picnic in the park until next week ,
________ the weather may be better .
7. Opposite is St . Paul’s Church , __________ you can hear
some lovely music .
8. I left on Sunday , _______________ everyone was at home .
9. _______ we all know,Taiwan belongs to China.
二、两类定语从句七不同
定语从句可分为限制性和非限制性两种,它们在用法上有如下区别:
1. 能否删除不同
限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的修饰成分,若删除,主句的意思则不完整或不明确;非限定性定语从句是先行词的补充或附加说明,即使删除,主句的意思依然清楚完整。例如:
Those who want to go please hand in their money tonight.想去的人请今晚把钱交上来。(限制性,删除后意思不明确)
This is a Chinese-English dictionary, which I borrowed from Li Ping. 这是一本汉英词典,我是从李平那里借的。(非限制性,可删除)
2. 是否用逗号隔开不同
限制性定语从句与主句之间不能用逗号分开,而非限定性定语从句常用逗号与主句分开。例如:
He is the man who often helps me with my study. 他就是那个经常帮助我学习的人。
I know the driver,whom you were talking with just now. 我认识那位司机,就是刚才同你说话的那位。
3. 对先行词的要求不同
限制性定语从句的先行词总是一个名词或代词,而非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是一个词,也可以是整个主句。例如:
He is one of the students who (that) have been invited.他是被邀请的学生之一。(the students)
He doesn’t know English,which you already know. 他不懂英语,这一点你已知道。(先行词为整个主句)
4. 关系代词能否省略不同
限制性定语从句中,充当宾语的关系代词通常可省略,例如:
Are you interested in the girl (whom / who / that) you spoke to just now?
I lost the magazine (which / that) I borrowed from my English teacher.
而非限制性定語从句中,即使是充当宾语的关系代词也不能省略。例如:
There was a terrible noise in midnight,which I heard and felt much frightened.
5. 能否使用关系代词that不同
限制性定语从句可以用that引导,非限制性从句无论指人还是指物均不能用that,指人用who,指物用which。例如:
I don’t like the book which (that) she sent me.
Do you know the girl who (that) is standing by the door?
This is Comrade Li Fen, who comes from Beijing University.
She lost the English book, which was given by Alice.
6. 能否使用关系副词why不同
引导非限制性定语从句的关系副词有where和when。why只能用于限制性定语从句。例如:
He lives a faraway village, where he can enjoy fresh air and silence.他住在一个偏远的村庄,在那他可以享受新鲜空气和宁静。
In the old days, when I was a child, there was no cinema in the town. 过去,当我还是个孩子时,镇上没有电影院。
when在引导一个有逗号和前面句子隔开的句子时,常被看作并列连词,其意义相当于and then, just then, at the time等。例如:
The meeting will be put off till the day after tomorrow, when all the comrades will be back from the farm. 会议被推迟到后天,这时所有的同志将从农场返回。
作为关系副词,why可引导限制性定语从句,但不能引导非限制性定语从句。若引导非限制性定语从句,则要用for which代替why。例如:
That is the reason why (for which) she refused your invitation. 那就是她拒绝你邀请的原因。
I had told them the reason, for which I didn’t attend the meeting.我把理由告诉了他们,为此我没去开会。
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Unit 1 People of Achievement单元核心知识(背诵版)
一、词性转换
1.Crucial adj. 至关重要的;关键性的→crucially adv. 关键地;至关重要地
2.vital adj.必不可少的;极其重要的;充满生机的→adv.极其;绝对
3.commit vt. 承诺;保证(某个人、机构等)vi. 忠于;全心全意投入(工作、活动等)→committed adj. 尽心尽力的;坚定的;坚信的→commitment n. 投入;承诺
4.academy n. (艺术、文学、科学等的)研究院;学会;专科院校→academic adj. 学业的;学术的→academically adv. 学业上;学术上
5.objective n. 目标;物体;宾语 adj. 客观的→object n. 物体v. 反对→(反)subjective adj. 主观的
6.botany n. 植物学→botanical adj. 植物学的
7.evaluate vt. 评价;评估→evaluation n. 评价;评估
8.distinct adj. 清晰的;清楚的;有区别的→distinction n. 清楚;清晰
9.boil vt.&vi. (使)沸腾;煮开;烧开 n. 沸腾;沸点→boiling adj. 沸腾的→boiled adj. 煮开的
10.acknowledge vt. 承认(属实、权威等);(公开)感谢→acknowledgment n. 承认(属实、权威等);(公开)感谢
11.analyse vt. 分析→ n. 分析→(pl.) analyses→analyst n. 分析师;分析家
12.scientific adj. 科学(上)的;关于科学的→scientifically adv. 合乎科学地→science n. 科学→scientist n. 科学家
13.conclude v. 下结论;得出结论→conclusion n. 结论;推论
14.politics n. 政治→politician n. 从政者;政治家;政客→political adj. 与政治有关的
15.novel n. (长篇)小说→novelist n. 小说家
16.gentle adj. 温柔的;文静的→gently adv. 温柔地;温和地
17.remarkable adj. 非凡的;显著的→remarkably adv.惊人地→remark v.&n. 谈论;评论
18.consequence n. 结果;后果→consequent adj. 随之发生的;作为结果的→consequently adv. 结果;因此
19.apparently adv. 显而易见;看来;显然→apparent adj. 显而易见的;明显的
20.relativity n. 相对论;相对性→relative adj. 相对的 n. 亲戚→relate v. 叙述;使有联系;有关联
21.infer vt. 推断;推定→inference n. 推断;推论→/inferred/inferring (过去式/过去分词/现在分词)
22.passion n. 酷爱;激情→passionate adj. 热情的;狂热的
二、核心单词
1. vital adj. 必不可少的; 极其重要的; 充满生机的
2. defeat n. 失败; 挫败vt. 击败; 战胜
3. evaluate vt. 评价; 评估
4. acknowledge vt. 承认(属实、权威等); (公开)感谢
5. encounter vt. 偶然碰到; 遇到n. 邂逅; 遭遇
6. obtain vt. (尤指经努力)获得; 赢得
vi. (规章、习俗等)存在; 流行
7. extraordinary adj. 不一般的; 非凡的; 意想不到的
8. commit vt. 承诺; 保证(某个人、机构等)
vi. 忠于; 全心全意投入(工作、活动等)
9. infer vt. 推断; 推定
10. circumstance n. 条件; 环境; 状况
三、重点短语
1. with the objective of (doing) 以(做)……为目的
2. insist on 坚决要求
3. wear and tear (正常使用造成的)磨损; 损耗
4. come to power (开始)掌权; 上台
5. take up a position 担任; 任职
6. sum up 总结; 概括
7. get stuck 进入僵局; 被卡住
8. by chance 偶然; 意外地
9. lead to 导致, 通向
10. stand up to 经得起; 抵抗; 勇敢地面对
四、核心语法
非限制性定语从句:
一、非限制性定语从句概况
非限制性定语从句是相对限制性定语从句而言的。非限制性定语与先行词的关系并不十分密切,只是对先行词做些 补充说明,即使去掉,主句的意思仍然清楚。它与主句之间通常用逗号隔开。翻译时常常单独翻译。常有who, whom, which, whose, as, when, where等关系词引导。
即学即练1:
1. Water, which is a clear liquid, has many uses.
2. Mr. Zhang,who came to see me yesterday, is an old friend of my father’s.
3. Peter, whom_ you met in London, is now back in Paris.
4. The books on the desk, whose covers are shiny, are prizes for us.
5. They went to London , where they lived for six months .
6. We’ll put off the picnic in the park until next week , when the weather may be better .
7. Opposite is St . Paul’s Church , where you can hear some lovely music .
8. I left on Sunday , when everyone was at home .
9. As we all know,Taiwan belongs to China.
二、两类定语从句七不同
定语从句可分为限制性和非限制性两种,它们在用法上有如下区别:
1. 能否删除不同
限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的修饰成分,若删除,主句的意思则不完整或不明确;非限定性定语从句是先行词的补充或附加说明,即使删除,主句的意思依然清楚完整。例如:
Those who want to go please hand in their money tonight.想去的人请今晚把钱交上来。(限制性,删除后意思不明确)
This is a Chinese-English dictionary, which I borrowed from Li Ping. 这是一本汉英词典,我是从李平那里借的。(非限制性,可删除)
2. 是否用逗号隔开不同
限制性定语从句与主句之间不能用逗号分开,而非限定性定语从句常用逗号与主句分开。例如:
He is the man who often helps me with my study. 他就是那个经常帮助我学习的人。
I know the driver,whom you were talking with just now. 我认识那位司机,就是刚才同你说话的那位。
3. 对先行词的要求不同
限制性定语从句的先行词总是一个名词或代词,而非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是一个词,也可以是整个主句。例如:
He is one of the students who (that) have been invited.他是被邀请的学生之一。(the students)
He doesn’t know English,which you already know. 他不懂英语,这一点你已知道。(先行词为整个主句)
4. 关系代词能否省略不同
限制性定语从句中,充当宾语的关系代词通常可省略,例如:
Are you interested in the girl (whom / who / that) you spoke to just now?
I lost the magazine (which / that) I borrowed from my English teacher.
而非限制性定語从句中,即使是充当宾语的关系代词也不能省略。例如:
There was a terrible noise in midnight,which I heard and felt much frightened.
5. 能否使用关系代词that不同
限制性定语从句可以用that引导,非限制性从句无论指人还是指物均不能用that,指人用who,指物用which。例如:
I don’t like the book which (that) she sent me.
Do you know the girl who (that) is standing by the door?
This is Comrade Li Fen, who comes from Beijing University.
She lost the English book, which was given by Alice.
6. 能否使用关系副词why不同
引导非限制性定语从句的关系副词有where和when。why只能用于限制性定语从句。例如:
He lives a faraway village, where he can enjoy fresh air and silence.他住在一个偏远的村庄,在那他可以享受新鲜空气和宁静。
In the old days, when I was a child, there was no cinema in the town. 过去,当我还是个孩子时,镇上没有电影院。
when在引导一个有逗号和前面句子隔开的句子时,常被看作并列连词,其意义相当于and then, just then, at the time等。例如:
The meeting will be put off till the day after tomorrow, when all the comrades will be back from the farm. 会议被推迟到后天,这时所有的同志将从农场返回。
作为关系副词,why可引导限制性定语从句,但不能引导非限制性定语从句。若引导非限制性定语从句,则要用for which代替why。例如:
That is the reason why (for which) she refused your invitation. 那就是她拒绝你邀请的原因。
I had told them the reason, for which I didn’t attend the meeting.我把理由告诉了他们,为此我没去开会。
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