第3讲 初升高英语衔接-被动语态与主谓一致 导学案-2026-2027学年初高中英语衔接复习专项

初升高英语暑假衔接学习手册 Day 3 · 第 3 讲 被动语态与主谓一致 项目 内容 版本 答案解析版 建议用时 30-40 分钟 学习程式 情境观察 → 规律发现 → 知识梳理 → 分层练习 → 语篇应用 → 学习打卡 使用建议 先核对结构，再核对拼写。被动题要同时说明时态和主语与动作的关系；主谓一致题要圈出真正的主语。 一、情境导入参考 1. designed（主动） 主语 Students 执行设计动作。 2. was designed（被动） 主语 robot 承受设计动作，且动作发生在过去。 3. holds（主动） 主语 school 执行举办动作；every year 表示一般现在时。 4. is held（被动） festival 是被举办的，且表示固定安排。 5. will be opened（被动） next term 表将来，lab 承受 open 动作。 6. have been prepared（被动） tools 是复数，并强调准备工作已经完成。 二、即时练习答案与解析 1. has each + 单数名词作主语，谓语用第三人称单数。 2. was opened last month 表过去；library 是被开放的。 3. is preparing 真正主语是 teacher；now 表示现在进行时。 4. were taken photos 是复数且承受 take 动作；last week 表过去。 5. are there be 与最近的 two labs 保持一致。 6. is spoken English 是被使用的语言；陈述客观事实。 7. enjoy both...and...连接两个主语，谓语用复数形式。 8. will be shown next week 表将来；robots 是被展示的。 9. is neither...nor...就近一致，最近的 Li Hua 是单数。 10. has; been finished already 提示现在完成时；project 是被完成的。 11. be followed 情态动词的被动结构为 must + be + done。 12. is the number of...意为“……的数量”，中心词 number 是单数。 三、主动语态改为被动语态答案 1. The reading room is cleaned by students every afternoon. 原句是一般现在时；reading room 为单数，使用 is cleaned。执行者不重要时也可省略 by students。 2. These trees were planted by our school last spring. last spring 表示一般过去时；trees 为复数，使用 were planted。 3. A picture show will be held by the art club next Friday. next Friday 表示将来；一般将来时被动结构为 will be held。 4. The classroom poster has been finished by the students. 原句为现在完成时；poster 为单数，使用 has been finished。 5. The school rules must be followed. 含情态动词的被动结构为 must be followed；执行者 we 不必保留。 6. Each student was given a useful guide by the teacher. 双宾语句可把表示人的间接宾语变为主语；一般过去时使用 was given。 四、易错诊断答案 1. The classroom is cleaned every day. classroom 承受 clean 动作；一般现在时单数被动用 is cleaned。 2. The books were sent yesterday. books 是复数，一般过去时被动用 were sent。 3. The teacher, together with two students, is preparing the show. together with 不改变主语，谓语跟 teacher。 4. There are two labs in our school. be 后最近的名词 two labs 是复数。 五、基础闯关答案 1. B / is held every autumn 表示固定安排，meeting 是被举办的。 2. A / has every A and every B 后通常用单数谓语。 3. B / were sent yesterday 表过去；computers 是复数且被送来。 4. C / is neither...nor...就近一致，brother 是单数。 5. is held 一般现在时的单数被动。 6. has every 修饰的两个单数名词整体按单数处理。 7. were sent 一般过去时的复数被动。 8. is 就近主语 my brother 为单数。 六、翻译巩固参考答案 1. The classroom is cleaned every day. 一般现在时被动：is + cleaned。 2. These photos were taken last year. last year 决定一般过去时；photos 用 were。 3. The new gym will be built next year. 一般将来时被动：will be + built。 4. Each student has a school card. each student 是单数，使用 has。 5. The books and the map are on the desk. and 连接两个主语，使用 are。 6. English is used in many parts of the world. English 承受 use 动作，表示客观事实。 7. Not only the teachers but also the students are invited to the culture festival. 就近主语 students 为复数；同时使用一般现在时被动。 8. A lot of learning materials have been prepared for the new students. 强调已经准备好，materials 为复数，使用现在完成时被动。 9. My head teacher, together with two students, is organizing the activity. 谓语跟 head teacher，当前进行的动作使用 is organizing。 10. Before entering the lab, all the safety rules must be followed carefully. 情态动词被动为 must be followed；介词 before 后接 doing。 七、语篇一答案与解析 1. was held last Friday 表过去；exhibition 是被举办的，且为单数。 2. were displayed pieces 是复数并承受 display 动作，使用一般过去时被动。 3. shows each work 是单数；文章描述展品内容，用一般现在时。 4. were invited guides 是复数且被邀请，语境为过去。 5. has attracted since it opened 提示现在完成时；together with 不改变主语，exhibition 是单数。 八、语篇二答案与解析 1. is loved Xiaolongbao 在此指一种食品，按单数概念处理，并且是被喜爱。 2. is made each dumpling 是单数，dumpling 承受 make 动作。 3. are put soup and meat 由 and 连接，按复数处理，并且是被放入。 4. are pressed wrappers 是复数且承受 press 动作。 5. seems 中心主语是 one basket，而不是 dumplings，所以用第三人称单数。 九、微写作参考 1. A science festival was held in our school last Friday. 2. Each class prepared an interesting project. 3. Several robots were shown in the school hall. 4. Our science teacher, together with two students, introduced a smart car. 5. Not only the teachers but also the students were excited about the festival. 自查清单 是否有2个被动句？be 的时态和单复数是否正确？过去分词是否拼写正确？with 或 not only...but also 后的谓语是否与真正主语一致？ 初升高英语暑假衔接学习手册 · 第3讲 · 第 1 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 初升高英语暑假衔接学习手册 Day 3 · 第 3 讲 被动语态与主谓一致 项目 内容 版本 学生版 建议用时 30-40 分钟 学习程式 情境观察 → 规律发现 → 知识梳理 → 分层练习 → 语篇应用 → 学习打卡 学习目标 能判断主动与被动；能根据时态写出被动结构；能找到真正的主语并完成主谓一致；能在语篇中综合运用。 一、情境导入：校园科技文化节 阅读下面的校园通知，圈出谓语动词，并思考：句子强调的是“谁做事”，还是“什么事物被处理”？ 1. Students designed the welcome robot. 2. The welcome robot was designed by students. 3. Our school holds a science festival every year. 4. The science festival is held every year. 5. A new lab will be opened next term. 6. Many useful tools have been prepared for new students. 本讲主线 先看主语与动作的关系，再选主动或被动；确定谓语结构后，还要检查主语的单复数。 二、例句观察：同一件事可以换一个观察角度 例句 主语 谓语 表达重点 Students designed the robot. students designed 强调动作执行者 The robot was designed by students. the robot was designed 强调动作承受者 The school holds the festival yearly. the school holds 说明学校做什么 The festival is held yearly. the festival is held 说明活动如何安排 三、规律发现：谓语三层检查法 第一层——时间：动作发生在现在、过去还是将来？时间决定 be 动词或助动词的形式。 第二层——语态：主语是动作的执行者，用主动语态；主语是动作的承受者，用被动语态。 第三层——一致：找到真正的主语，判断单数或复数，再确定谓语形式。 被动语态核心 be + 过去分词。be 负责表示时间和单复数，过去分词说明“被做”。解题时二者缺一不可。 四、知识梳理（一）：什么情况下使用被动语态 1. 不知道动作执行者：My bike was stolen yesterday. 说话人不知道是谁偷了自行车。 2. 动作执行者不重要或不必说明：English is spoken in many countries. 重点是英语的使用范围。 3. 强调动作承受者或结果：The new library has been completed. 重点是图书馆已经建成。 4. 通知、规则、科学说明等较客观的表达：Phones must be turned off in the lab. 时间或结构 被动形式 情境例句 一般现在时 am/is/are + done The room is cleaned every day. 一般过去时 was/were + done The photos were taken last week. 一般将来时 will be + done The results will be shared tomorrow. 现在完成时 have/has been + done The work has been finished. 含情态动词 情态动词 + be + done The rules must be followed. 现在进行时（拓展） am/is/are being + done The hall is being decorated. 主动变被动三步：①把主动句宾语变为被动句主语；②根据原句时间和新主语确定 be；③把原动词变为过去分词。需要说明执行者时再加 by。 例：Students planted the trees last spring. → The trees were planted last spring (by students). 提高提醒 make sb. do sth. 变为被动时，省略的 to 要恢复：We were made to wait. 双宾语句也可把“人”变为主语：I was given a useful guide. 主动语态改为被动语态 按要求把下列主动语态句子改为被动语态。 1. Students clean the reading room every afternoon. → __________________________________________________________ 2. Our school planted these trees last spring. → __________________________________________________________ 3. The art club will hold a picture show next Friday. → __________________________________________________________ 4. The students have finished the classroom poster. → __________________________________________________________ 5. We must follow the school rules. → __________________________________________________________ 6. The teacher gave each student a useful guide. → __________________________________________________________ 五、知识梳理（二）：主谓一致要看真正的主语 主语特点 判断规则 例句 单数主语/不可数名词 用单数谓语 Each student has a card. / Information is useful. 复数主语 用复数谓语 The students are ready. A and B 通常用复数 Tom and Amy enjoy reading. each/every + 单数名词 用单数 Every classroom has a screen. with/together with/as well as 谓语跟前面的主语 The teacher with two students is preparing. either...or / neither...nor / not only...but also 就近一致 Neither the teacher nor the students are late. there be 跟 be 后最近的名词一致 There are two labs and a library. a number of / the number of 前者复数，后者单数 A number of students are here. The number is rising. 判断顺序 先划出主语中心词；暂时跳过 with 等插入部分；遇到 or/nor 或 there be 再看离谓语最近的名词。 即时练习 用括号内单词的正确形式填空。 1. Each student __________ (have) a learning card. 2. The new library __________ (open) last month. 3. The teacher, together with two students, __________ (prepare) for the show now. 4. These photos __________ (take) during our school trip last week. 5. There __________ (be) two labs and a reading room in the new building. 6. English __________ (speak) in many parts of the world. 7. Both Tom and Jack __________ (enjoy) the robot show. 8. Two new robots __________ (show) at the festival next week. 9. Neither the teacher nor Li Hua __________ (be) in the classroom now. 10. The project __________ already __________ (finish). 11. The lab rules must __________ (follow) carefully. 12. The number of school clubs __________ (be) increasing. 六、易错诊断 错误表达 问题在哪里 请写出正确表达 The classroom cleans every day. 教室是 clean 的承受者，应使用被动语态。 ________________________________________ The books was sent yesterday. 主语 books 是复数，be 动词也要用复数。 ________________________________________ The teacher, together with two students, are preparing the show. 谓语应与 together with 前的 teacher 一致。 ________________________________________ There is two labs in our school. there be 的谓语与后面最近的名词一致。 ________________________________________ 七、基础闯关 A. 选择正确答案。 1. The school sports meeting ________ every autumn. A. holds B. is held C. was held 2. Every student and every teacher ________ an ID card. A. has B. have C. are having 3. The new computers ________ to our school yesterday. A. sent B. were sent C. are sent 4. Neither my parents nor my brother ________ free today. A. are B. were C. is B. 去掉选项，用括号内单词的正确形式填空。 5. The school sports meeting __________ (hold) every autumn. 6. Every student and every teacher __________ (have) an ID card. 7. The new computers __________ (send) to our school yesterday. 8. Neither my parents nor my brother __________ (be) free today. 八、翻译巩固：先定主语，再搭谓语 1. 教室每天都打扫。 ______________________________________________ 2. 这些照片是去年拍摄的。 ______________________________________________ 3. 新体育馆将于明年建成。 ______________________________________________ 4. 每位学生都有一张校园卡。 ______________________________________________ 5. 书和地图都在桌子上。 ______________________________________________ 6. 英语在世界许多地方被使用。 ______________________________________________ 7. 不仅老师，而且学生也被邀请参加文化节。 ______________________________________________ 8. 已经为新生准备了许多学习资料。 ______________________________________________ 9. 我的班主任和两位学生正在组织这次活动。 ______________________________________________ 10. 进入实验室前，所有安全规则都必须被认真遵守。 ______________________________________________ 九、语篇应用：高考真题话题改编 语篇一：围棋文化展（改编自 2025 年新课标 I 卷语法填空，重点考查被动语态与主谓一致） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。 A Go culture exhibition ________1________ (hold) at our school last Friday. Black and white Go pieces ________2________ (display) beside old books and pictures. Each work ________3________ (show) a different part of Go culture. A group of student guides ________4________ (invite) to explain the game to visitors. The exhibition, together with several AI pictures, ________5________ (attract) many students since it opened. 语篇二：校园小笼包节（改编自 2023 年新课标 I 卷语法填空，重点考查被动语态与主谓一致） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。 Xiaolongbao ________1________ (love) by many people in China. At our school food festival, each dumpling ________2________ (make) with a thin wrapper. Hot soup and fresh meat ________3________ (put) inside it. The wrappers ________4________ (press) by hand before the dumplings are cooked. One basket of these small dumplings often ________5________ (seem) enough at first, but many students soon order another one. 十、微写作：介绍一次校园活动 用5句话介绍一次校园活动。至少使用2个被动语态句，并使用2种主谓一致结构（如 each、together with、not only...but also）。 1. ____________________________________________________________ 2. ____________________________________________________________ 3. ____________________________________________________________ 4. ____________________________________________________________ 5. ____________________________________________________________ 十一、学习打卡 我能判断主动与被动：□ □ □ □ □ 我能写出 be + done：□ □ □ □ □ 我能找到真正的主语：□ □ □ □ □ 今天仍需复习：________________________ 初升高英语暑假衔接学习手册 · 第3讲 · 第 1 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $