Unit 3 语法讲练二【现在完成时】2026-2027学年仁爱科普版九年级英语上册

**基本信息** 聚焦现在完成时for/since用法，构建“定义-用法-考点-应用”四维体系，融合环保主题实现语法与话题的深度结合，提升语言应用与逻辑思维能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |核心定义|3点（结构/标志词/区分）|“主语+have/has+延续动词过去分词”结构公式|从时态本质出发，明确持续动作的时间表达逻辑| |for/since用法|2类用法+互换规则|“since+时间段+ago=for+对应时间段”转换技巧|先分述for（时间段）与since（时间点/从句），再建立互换联系| |延续性动词|7组转换（buy→have等）|短暂动词→延续动词对应表|针对考点难点，通过错误案例强化转换必要性| |句型模板|4类问答句式|How long提问+for/since回答的万能模板|从提问到回答形成完整语用链，提升语言表达准确性| |综合练习|6类题型（默写/填空等）|环保主题语境化应用|从基础词汇到短文填空，实现知识从理解到综合运用的迁移|

Unit 3 A Green Earth，A Better Home Grammar in Use：【现在完成时-for & since】语法讲解（二） 一、核心定义 本课时重点学习现在完成时搭配 for / since，用来描述从过去开始、持续到现在的动作/状态，常用来回答 How long 提问（多久）。 1. 时态结构：主语 + have / has + 延续性动词过去分词 2. 核心标志词：for + 时间段；since + 过去时间点 3. 核心区分： • for：后接一段时间（持续多久） • since：后接过去时间起点（从何时开始） 二、for & since 完整用法精讲 1. for 的用法 搭配公式：for + 一段时间（two days / five years / several months） 含义：动作持续了……时长，时间段可长可短。 例句： ① I have kept sorting waste at home for five days. 我在家坚持垃圾分类已经5天了。 ② We have recycled paper for two years. 我们回收纸张已经两年了。 2. since 的用法 搭配公式分两类： ① since + 过去时间点（年份、日期、...ago） since 2020 / since last week / since three years ago ② since + 一般过去时完整从句（动作发生在过去某一刻） since I listened to the speech / since the new term began 含义：动作从这个过去时间点一直延续到现在。 例句： ① I have learned waste sorting since last Saturday. 自从上周六起，我就学习垃圾分类了。 ② She has planted trees since she was 10. 她从10岁起就种树了。 3. for & since 互换规则（中考必考） • since + 时间段 + ago = for + 对应时间段 例：since three years ago = for three years He has protected the river since three years ago. = He has protected the river for three years. 三、关键语法考点：延续性动词 for / since 描述持续动作，不能搭配短暂性动词，必须替换为延续性动词： 短暂动词（瞬间动作）→ 延续动词（可持续） 1. buy → have 拥有 2. borrow → keep 持有 3. begin/start → be on 进行 4. join → be in / be a member of 加入 5. die → be dead 去世 6. leave → be away 离开 7. come/go → be in/at 待在 错误：I have bought the bin for 1 year. 正确：I have had the bin for 1 year. 四、句型模板（问答万能句式） 1. 提问时长：How long + have/has + 主语 + 延续动词...? 2. for 回答：主语 + have/has + 动词过去分词 + for + 时间段. 3. since 回答：主语 + have/has + 动词过去分词 + since + 过去时间. 4. 否定句：主语 + haven’t / hasn’t + 延续动词 + for/since... 例：We haven’t seen rubbish in the river for months. 我们好几个月都没在河里看到垃圾了。 五、写作高频固定搭配（环保话题专用） 1. keep sorting waste 坚持垃圾分类 2. take part in environmental activities 参加环保活动 3. recycle waste paper and plastic 回收废纸塑料 4. plant trees to protect mountains 植树护山 5. join the environmental group 加入环保社团 6. clean up river waste 清理河道垃圾 六、易混易错点总结 1. How long 提问时长，回答必须用 for / since，不能用一般过去时 2. since 后面句子动词只用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时 3. ago 只能放在时间段后，只和 since 搭配，不能搭配 for 4. 短暂动词不与 for/since 连用，必须换成延续动词 七、写作万能句型 1. I have taken part in tree-planting activities for one year. 我参加植树活动已经一年了。 2. She has recycled waste since three years ago. 她从三年前就开始回收废弃物了。 3. We haven’t thrown plastic into the lake since the new rules came out. 新规出台后，我们再也没有往湖里扔塑料。 Grammar in Use：Present perfect tense (II) 语法练习（二） 一、基础单词&短语默写（28题） 时间短语默写 1. 两周 _______________ 2. 两周前 _______________ 3. 好几个月 _______________ 4. 自2020年以来 _______________ 5. 自从新学期开始 _______________ 6. 三年前 _______________ 7. 一年（时长）_______________ 8. 自从上周六 _______________ 动词变形（现在完成时分词） 9. take part in _______________ 10. learn _______________ 11. keep _______________ 12. sort _______________ 13. recycle _______________ 14. plant _______________ 15. clean _______________ 16. join _______________ 短暂动词→延续动词转换 17. buy _______________ 18. borrow _______________ 19. join _______________ 20. die _______________ 21. leave _______________ 22. begin _______________ 拓展默写 23. 垃圾分类（短语）_______________ 24. 环保社团 _______________ 25. 植树活动 _______________ 26. 持续整理垃圾（现在完成时）_______________ 27. 回收废品一年 _______________ 28. 自从三年前 _______________ 二、选词填空 for / since（20题） 1. My sister has kept sorting waste ______ six days. 2. We have protected the river ______ last summer. 3. They haven’t used plastic bags ______ two months. 4. The factory has recycled paper ______ 2018. 5. —How long have you joined the green group? —I’ve been in it ______ one term. 6. I have planted trees ______ three years ago. 7. No rubbish has appeared in the lake ______ the rules came out. 8. She has kept old glass bottles ______ half a year. 9. Volunteers have cleaned the beach ______ five weeks. 10. We haven’t taken plastic shopping bags ______ last month. 11. He has learned environmental knowledge ______ he was 9. 12. The town has sorted waste ______ two years. 13. Birds have come back to the woods ______ people stopped cutting trees. 14. My mom has reused cloth bags ______ one year ago. 15. Students have taken part in tree planting ______ this spring. 16. We haven’t thrown cans everywhere ______ several months. 17. The park has been clean ______ workers cleaned it last year. 18. I have saved waste paper ______ 4 weeks. 19. People have stopped polluting the stream ______ 3 years ago. 20. Our class has held eco-meetings ______ the new term began. 三、句型改写（for ↔ since 互换，12道） 例句：He has recycled waste for 3 years. → He has recycled waste since three years ago. 1. I have sorted rubbish for five days. → ________________________________________ 2. They have planted trees since one year ago. → ________________________________________ 3. We have been in the environmental group for two terms. → ________________________________________ 4. She has kept reusing bags since two months ago. → ________________________________________ 5. Volunteers have cleaned the river for half a year. → ________________________________________ 6. The school has recycled paper since one term ago. → ________________________________________ 7. My dad has stopped using plastic for three months. → ________________________________________ 8. Kids have learned waste sorting since one week ago. → ________________________________________ 9. We haven’t seen dirty water for several months. → ________________________________________ 10. Farmers have protected hills since two years ago. → ________________________________________ 11. The factory has reused waste for one year. → ________________________________________ 12. I have joined the green club since one month ago. → ________________________________________ 四、单项选择（18道，辨析for/since、延续动词、时态） 1. I ______ waste sorting for 6 days. A. learn B. learned C. have learned D. learns 2. We haven’t seen plastic rubbish ______ last spring. A. for B. since C. in D. at 3. —How long has Li Ming ______ the environmental club? —For one year. A. join B. joined C. been in D. joins 4. She has recycled old bottles ______ three years ago. A. for B. since C. over D. during 5. They ______ trees for one year. A. plant B. planted C. have planted D. plants 6. The river has been clean ______ workers cleaned it in 2023. A. for B. since C. before D. after 7. I ______ this reusable bin for two months. (buy) A. buy B. bought C. have had D. have bought 8. —How long have you sorted waste at home? —______ five days. A. Since B. For C. From D. At 9. He hasn’t used disposable bags ______ two months. A. since B. for C. ago D. past 10. We ______ eco-activities since the new term began. A. take part in B. took part in C. have taken part in D. takes part in 11. My sister ______ in the green group since last summer. A. is B. was C. has been D. will be 12. The town has stopped river pollution ______ 2 years. A. for B. since C. ago D. past 13. You can’t use “buy” with “for”, you need to change it to ______. A. keep B. have C. borrow D. own 14. —How long has the park been clean? —______ three years ago. A. For B. Since C. In D. On 15. Volunteers ______ beach rubbish for half a year. A. clean B. cleaned C. have cleaned D. cleans 16. No one ______ plastic into the lake since the rule came out. A. throw B. threw C. has thrown D. throws 17. I have kept old cartons ______ one year ago. A. for B. since C. about D. with 18. We ______ waste paper since we were Grade 8 students. A. recycle B. recycled C. have recycled D. recycles 五、中英互译（20题，环保写作专项） 汉译英 1. 坚持垃圾分类五天 ________________________ 2. 自从上周六学习环保知识 ________________________ 3. 参加植树活动一年 ________________________ 4. 加入环保社团两个学期 ________________________ 5. 三个月没在河里看到垃圾 ________________________ 6. 从三年前开始回收塑料瓶 ________________________ 7. 重复使用布袋半年 ________________________ 8. 清理河道垃圾五个星期 ________________________ 9. 自从新学期开始举办环保班会 ________________________ 10. 两年没有使用一次性塑料袋 ________________________ 英译汉 1. keep sorting waste at home ________________________ 2. take part in environmental speeches ________________________ 3. recycle waste paper and metal cans ________________________ 4. since three years ago ________________________ 5. for several months ________________________ 6. join the environmental protection group ________________________ 7. clean up the rubbish along the river ________________________ 8. reuse cloth shopping bags ________________________ 9. plant trees to protect mountains ________________________ 10. haven’t seen dirty water in the lake ________________________ 六、短文综合填空（3篇原创环保短文，用括号动词变形+for/since填空） Passage 1（校园环保） I 1.________ (keep) sorting waste at home 2.________ five days. I 3.________ (learn) lots of environmental knowledge 4.________ I listened to the eco-speech last Saturday. My classmates 5.________ (take) part in tree-planting activities 6.________ one year. We 7.________ (not see) plastic rubbish in our school yard 8.________ two months. Our teacher 9.________ (join) the city environmental group 10.________ the new term began. Passage 2（城市河道治理） Volunteers 1.________ (clean) waste along the river 2.________ half a year. People 3.________ (recycle) plastic bottles 4.________ three years ago. We 5.________ (not throw) rubbish into the lake 6.________ the strict rules came out in 2020. Factories 7.________ (reuse) waste paper 8.________ two years. Kids 9.________ (plant) trees by the river 10.________ last spring. Passage 3（居家低碳生活） My family 1.________ (reuse) cloth bags for shopping 2.________ one year ago. We 3.________ (save) waste paper and glass bottles 4.________ several months. I 5.________ (not buy) disposable plastic boxes 6.________ I joined the green club. My dad 7.________ (sort) kitchen waste 8.________ five weeks. We 9.________ (take) part in community clean-up activities 10.________ the summer holiday began. 参考答案 一、基础单词&短语默写 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. two weeks 2. two weeks ago 3. several months 4. since 2020 5. since the new term began 6. three years ago 7. one year 8. since last Saturday 9. taken part in 10. learned / learnt 11. kept 12. sorted 13. recycled 14. planted 15. cleaned 16. joined 17. have 18. keep 19. be in / be a member of 20. be dead 21. be away 22. be on 23. waste sorting 24. environmental group 25. tree-planting activities 26. have kept sorting waste 27. recycle waste for one year 28. since three years ago 二、选词填空 for / since 1. for 2. since 3. for 4. since 5. for 6. since 7. since 8. for 9. for 10. since 11. since 12. for 13. since 14. since 15. since 16. for 17. since 18. for 19. since 20. since 三、句型改写 for/since互换 1. I have sorted rubbish since five days ago. 2. They have planted trees for one year. 3. We have been in the environmental group since two terms ago. 4. She has kept reusing bags for two months. 5. Volunteers have cleaned the river since half a year ago. 6. The school has recycled paper for one term. 7. My dad has stopped using plastic since three months ago. 8. Kids have learned waste sorting for one week. 9. We haven’t seen dirty water since several months ago. 10. Farmers have protected hills for two years. 11. The factory has reused waste since one year ago. 12. I have joined the green club for one month. 四、单项选择 1.C 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.C 6.B 7.C 8.B 9.B 10.C 11.C 12.A 13.B 14.B 15.C 16.C 17.B 18.C 五、中英互译 汉译英 1. keep sorting waste for five days 2. learn environmental knowledge since last Saturday 3. take part in tree-planting activities for one year 4. be in the environmental group for two terms 5. haven’t seen rubbish in the river for three months 6. recycle plastic bottles since three years ago 7. reuse cloth bags for half a year 8. clean up river rubbish for five weeks 9. hold eco-class meetings since the new term began 10. haven’t used disposable plastic bags for two years 英译汉 1. 在家坚持垃圾分类 2. 参加环保主题演讲 3. 回收废纸和金属易拉罐 4. 自从三年前 5. 好几个月 6. 加入环保社团 7. 清理河道沿岸垃圾 8. 重复使用布袋购物袋 9. 植树护山 10. 再也没在湖里看见脏水 六、短文综合填空 Passage 1 1. have kept 2. for 3. have learned 4. since 5. have taken 6. for 7. haven’t seen 8. for 9. has joined 10. since Passage 2 1. have cleaned 2. for 3. have recycled 4. since 5. haven’t thrown 6. since 7. have reused 8. for 9. have planted 10. since Passage 3 1. have reused 2. since 3. have saved 4. for 5. haven’t bought 6. since 7. has sorted 8. for 9. have taken 10. since $