专题04 形容词和副词-2026年小升初英语知识详细讲解

2026学年英语小升初知识详细讲解 专题04 形容词和副词 专题解说 形容词是用来描述人或事物的外观、形状、颜色、性质、状态的词汇，核心作用是修饰名词、代词，补充事物特征信息，是小升初英语基础句法的核心考点。 副词是用来补充说明动作、状态特征的词汇，主要修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子，可精准表达动作的时间、地点、方式、程度、频率等含义，是完形填空、单项选择的高频考点。 考点归纳 考点 知识梳理 要点提示 形容词和副词的基本用法 1. 形容词核心用法(1) 作定语：常规置于被修饰名词前，是最基础用法(例：a tall boy 一个高个子男孩)。(2) 作表语：置于系动词之后，描述主语状态。常用系动词分类：①变化类：become、get、go、turn(变得)；②感官类：feel、look、sound、smell、taste(感观起来)；③保持类：keep、stay(保持)。(3) 后置定语：修饰something、anything、nothing、everything等复合不定代词时，形容词必须后置(重点易错点)。(4) 特殊后置：描述物体长、宽、高、深、年龄的形容词，置于对应名词后。(5) 特殊形容词分类：①仅作表语：afraid、alone、asleep、awake、alive、well、ill；②仅作定语：little、only、wooden、woolen、elder；③形似副词实为形容词：lonely、friendly、lively、lovely；④高频复合形容词：ten-year-old、well-known、kind-hearted、man-made。2. 多形容词修饰名词顺序固定口诀：限定词→大小长短→形状新旧→颜色→出处→材料→类别→名词，适用于所有小升初题型。3. 形容词高频句型(1) It's + adj. + of sb. + to do sth.(评价人品质性格，如kind、nice、clever)(2) It's + adj. + for sb. + to do sth.(评价事情难易程度，如hard、important、useful)(3) 主语 + be + adj. + to do sth.(表情绪、能力，如glad、ready、able)4. 副词分类(小升初必考8类)方式副词、程度副词、地点副词、时间副词、频度副词、否定副词、疑问副词、限定副词。5. 副词核心用法修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整句，在句中位置灵活，多数后置修饰动词。6. 高频近义副词辨析(重难点)(1) very/very much/much：very修饰原级形/副词，much修饰比较级，very much修饰动词；(2) so/such：so接形/副词，such接名词；固定特例：so many/ few/much/little；(3) also/too/as well/either：前三者用于肯定句，either专用于否定句句末；(4) sometime/sometimes/some time/some times：区分“某时、有时、一段时间、几次”；(5) ago/before：ago以现在为起点，配一般过去时；before可用于过去/将来、完成时。 1. 复合不定代词后置形容词为单选必考陷阱；2. of/for句型区分看形容词修饰对象(人/事)；3. 频度副词、so/such辨析为小升初高频易错点；4. 形似副词的形容词不可修饰动词。 形容词和副词的级 1. 三级分类：原级(原形)、比较级(两者对比，更……)、最高级(三者及以上对比，最……)。2. 变形规则(1) 规则变化：①一般单词直接加-er/-est；②e结尾加-r/-st；③重读闭音节辅元辅结构，双写尾字母加-er/-est；④辅音+y结尾，变y为i加-er/-est；⑤多音节词、部分双音节词，前加more/most。(2) 不规则变化(必背)：good/well-better-best；bad/badly-worse-worst；many/much-more-most；little-less-least。3. 核心用法(1) 比较级：标志词than、much、a little、even；(2) 最高级：标志范围in/of+群体，序数词+最高级；(3) 原级同级比较：as+原级+as(和……一样)；not as/so+原级+as(不如……)。 比较级口诀：遇than用比较级，双写变y记仔细；多音节词more替，as as中间用原级；最高级必带the，范围词汇是依据。 考点剖析 考点一 形容词和副词的基本用法 单项选择 1. She is a ______ girl and she always does things ______. A. careful; carefully B. carefully; careful C. care; carefully 2. The cake ______ terrible. I don’t want to eat it at all. A. tastes B. tastes like C. looks like 例题剖析 1. 第一空修饰名词girl，需用形容词careful；第二空修饰动词does，需用副词carefully，故选A。本题考查形副词基础句法区分，为小升初必考基础题型。 2. 感官系动词taste后直接接形容词作表语，结合句意“蛋糕尝起来很难吃”，选A。本题重点考查感官系动词+形容词的固定结构。 答案：1.A 2.A 考点二 形容词和副词的级 单项选择 1. This storybook is ______ than that one. I like it better. A. interesting B. more interesting C. most interesting 2. Tom is ______ student in his class. He studies hardest. A. diligent B. more diligent C. the most diligent 例题剖析 1. 句中有比较级标志词than，多音节形容词interesting的比较级为more interesting，故选B。考查多音节形容词比较级变形及用法。 2. 范围限定in his class(全班范围内)，三者及以上对比用最高级，最高级前需加the，故选C。 答案：1.B 2.C 知能训练一 一、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. The little boy is too ______ (lazy) to do his homework. 2. My mother smiles ______ (happy) every day. 3. You look much ______ (good) after rest. 4. We can finish the task ______ (easy) by working together. 二、单项选择 1. There is ______ in today’s newspaper. A. new something B. something new C. anything new 2. The music sounds ______. I love it very much. A. wonderful B. wonderfully C. well 3. —How is your grandma? —She is ______ now, thank you. A. good B. well C. fine 4. He is a ______ teacher and all students like him. A. friendly B. friend C. friendily 知能训练二 一、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. This bag is as ______ (heavy) as mine. 2. Lily sings ______ (badly) than Lucy. 3. Which is ______ (fast), a bike or a bus? 4. Shanghai is one of ______ (big) cities in China. 5. He runs ______ (well) than his brother. 二、单项选择 1. This year’s winter is ______ than last year’s. A. warm B. warmer C. the warmest 2. The more you practice, the ______ you will be. A. good B. better C. best 3. I think swimming is ______ than running. A. more interesting B. interesting C. most interesting 4. This book is not as ______ as that one. A. useful B. more useful C. most useful 过关训练 一、按要求写单词 1. wind(形容词) ________ 2. care(形容词) ________ 3. small(最高级) ________ 4. use(形容词) ________ 5. bad(比较级) ________ 6. Japan(形容词) ________ 7. quick(副词) ________ 8. quiet(副词) ________ 9. great(最高级) ________ 10. thin(比较级) ________ 11. short(反义词) ________ 12. young(比较级) ________ 13. busy(反义词) ________ 14. noisy(反义词) ________ 15. late(反义词) ________ 16. tidy(反义词) ________ 17. wide(反义词) ________ 18. beautiful(比较级) ________ 19. little(比较级) ________ 20. comfortable(最高级) ________ 二、选词填空 1. This tree is ______ (tall/taller) than that one. 2. The baby is too ______ (small/smaller) to walk. 3. Can you speak ______ (loud/louder) than before? 4. My pen is as ______ (new/newer) as yours. 5. She studies ______ (hard/hardly) every day. 三、单项选择 1. Which animal is ______, the panda or the koala? A. cute B. cuter C. cutest 2. My sister is two years ______ than me. A. old B. older C. oldest 3. This is ______ park in our city. A. beautiful B. more beautiful C. the most beautiful 4. I feel ______. I want to have a rest. A. tired B. happy C. hungry 5. The river is ______ than it was ten years ago. A. clean B. cleaner C. cleanest 6. ______ season do you like ______, spring, summer or autumn? A. Better B. Best C. Good 7. He is ______ enough to finish the hard work. A. brave B. braver C. bravest 8. I have ______ to tell you after school. A. important something B. something important C. nothing important 9. This skirt is ______ than the red one. A. cheap B. cheaper C. cheapest 10. The children look ______ after playing games. A. happy B. happier C. happily 四、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. This story is ______ (funny) than the last one. 2. I feel ______ (sad) when I lose my toy. 3. The street is about five hundred metres ______ (long). 4. My bag is ______ (light) than yours. 5. Who writes ______ (well), Tom or Jerry? 五、阅读对话，选择正确答案 Lucy: Do you have a twin sister, Lily? Lily: Yes, her name is Lucy. She is one year younger than me. Lucy: Is she taller than you? Lily: No, she is a little shorter than me. Lucy: Does she have longer hair than you? Lily: Yes, her hair is longer and softer than mine. Lucy: Who is more outgoing, you or your sister? Lily: She is more outgoing. She is the most active girl in our grade. 1. Lucy is ______ than Lily. A. older B. younger C. taller 2. Lily is ______ than her sister. A. a little taller B. a little shorter C. much taller 3. Lucy’s hair is ______ than Lily’s. A. shorter B. longer C. softer 4. Lily’s sister is ______ than Lily. A. quieter B. more outgoing C. shyer 5. Lucy is the ______ girl in their grade. A. tallest B. most active C. prettiest 六、选词完成短文 备选词：young kind big bright honest warm shy happy quiet beautiful I have a ______ family with three people. My parents are ______ and patient. My mother has a ______ smile and ______ eyes. My father is ______ but strong. I am a ______ boy. I am a little ______ but very ______. We live a ______ life. I think my family is the ______ one in the world. 实战演练 一、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. He runs ______ (fast) to catch the early bus every morning. 2. We want to live in a ______ (warm) place in winter. 3. Don’t eat too ______ (many) sweets. It’s ______ (healthy). 4. The tree is ______ (tall) than it was last year. 5. It will be ______ (wind) tomorrow morning. 二、单项选择 1. When spring comes, the days get ______. A. long and long B. longer and longer C. shortest and shortest 2. Tom is 158cm tall. Mike is 5cm taller than him. Mike is ______. A. 153cm B. 163cm C. 158cm 3. We shouldn’t waste ______ water ______ paper. A. too much; or B. too many; or C. too much; and 4. The students are ______ about the ______ sports meeting. A. excited; exciting B. exciting; excited C. excited; excited 5. English is ______ for me to learn well with hard work. A. difficult B. easy C. useless 三、完形填空 Water is very important for all living things. It can keep us 1 and clean. Plants need water to grow 2 . No one 3 know when people first used water. But water is the most 4 thing in our life. We can’t live without water. Sometimes water can be 5 too. Too much rain will cause floods(洪水). So we should protect water resources. 1. A. healthy B. weak C. tired D. cold 2. A. good B. well C. bad D. badly 3. A. real B. really C. quiet D. quietly 4. A. useless B. dangerous C. important D. boring 5. A. safe B. dangerous C. happy D. warm 参考答案 知能训练一 一、1. lazy 2. happily 3. better 4. easily 二、1.B 2.A 3.B 4.A 知能训练二 一、1. heavy 2. worse 3. faster 4. the biggest 5. better 二、1.B 2.B 3.A 4.A 过关训练 一、1. windy 2. careful 3. smallest 4. useful 5. worse 6. Japanese 7. quickly 8. quietly 9. greatest 10. thinner 11. long/tall 12. younger 13. free 14. quiet 15. early 16. messy 17. narrow 18. more beautiful 19. less 20. most comfortable 二、1. older 2. small 3. louder 4. new 5. hard 三、1.B 2.B 3.C 4.A 5.B 6.B 7.A 8.B 9.B 10.A 四、1. funnier 2. sad 3. long 4. lighter 5. better 五、1.B 2.A 3.B 4.B 5.B 六、big; kind; warm; bright; young; quiet; shy; honest; happy; beautiful 实战演练 一、1. fast 2. warm 3. much; unhealthy 4. taller 5. windy 二、1.B 2.B 3.A 4.A 5.B 三、1.A 2.B 3.B 4.C 5.B 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2026学年英语小升初知识详细讲解 专题04 形容词和副词 专题解说 形容词是用来描述人或事物的外观、形状、颜色、性质、状态的词汇，核心作用是修饰名词、代词，补充事物特征信息，是小升初英语基础句法的核心考点。 副词是用来补充说明动作、状态特征的词汇，主要修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子，可精准表达动作的时间、地点、方式、程度、频率等含义，是完形填空、单项选择的高频考点。 考点归纳 考点 知识梳理 要点提示 形容词和副词的基本用法 1. 形容词核心用法(1) 作定语：常规置于被修饰名词前，是最基础用法(例：a tall boy 一个高个子男孩)。(2) 作表语：置于系动词之后，描述主语状态。常用系动词分类：①变化类：become、get、go、turn(变得)；②感官类：feel、look、sound、smell、taste(感观起来)；③保持类：keep、stay(保持)。(3) 后置定语：修饰something、anything、nothing、everything等复合不定代词时，形容词必须后置(重点易错点)。(4) 特殊后置：描述物体长、宽、高、深、年龄的形容词，置于对应名词后。(5) 特殊形容词分类：①仅作表语：afraid、alone、asleep、awake、alive、well、ill；②仅作定语：little、only、wooden、woolen、elder；③形似副词实为形容词：lonely、friendly、lively、lovely；④高频复合形容词：ten-year-old、well-known、kind-hearted、man-made。2. 多形容词修饰名词顺序固定口诀：限定词→大小长短→形状新旧→颜色→出处→材料→类别→名词，适用于所有小升初题型。3. 形容词高频句型(1) It's + adj. + of sb. + to do sth.(评价人品质性格，如kind、nice、clever)(2) It's + adj. + for sb. + to do sth.(评价事情难易程度，如hard、important、useful)(3) 主语 + be + adj. + to do sth.(表情绪、能力，如glad、ready、able)4. 副词分类(小升初必考8类)方式副词、程度副词、地点副词、时间副词、频度副词、否定副词、疑问副词、限定副词。5. 副词核心用法修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整句，在句中位置灵活，多数后置修饰动词。6. 高频近义副词辨析(重难点)(1) very/very much/much：very修饰原级形/副词，much修饰比较级，very much修饰动词；(2) so/such：so接形/副词，such接名词；固定特例：so many/ few/much/little；(3) also/too/as well/either：前三者用于肯定句，either专用于否定句句末；(4) sometime/sometimes/some time/some times：区分“某时、有时、一段时间、几次”；(5) ago/before：ago以现在为起点，配一般过去时；before可用于过去/将来、完成时。 1. 复合不定代词后置形容词为单选必考陷阱；2. of/for句型区分看形容词修饰对象(人/事)；3. 频度副词、so/such辨析为小升初高频易错点；4. 形似副词的形容词不可修饰动词。 形容词和副词的级 1. 三级分类：原级(原形)、比较级(两者对比，更……)、最高级(三者及以上对比，最……)。2. 变形规则(1) 规则变化：①一般单词直接加-er/-est；②e结尾加-r/-st；③重读闭音节辅元辅结构，双写尾字母加-er/-est；④辅音+y结尾，变y为i加-er/-est；⑤多音节词、部分双音节词，前加more/most。(2) 不规则变化(必背)：good/well-better-best；bad/badly-worse-worst；many/much-more-most；little-less-least。3. 核心用法(1) 比较级：标志词than、much、a little、even；(2) 最高级：标志范围in/of+群体，序数词+最高级；(3) 原级同级比较：as+原级+as(和……一样)；not as/so+原级+as(不如……)。 比较级口诀：遇than用比较级，双写变y记仔细；多音节词more替，as as中间用原级；最高级必带the，范围词汇是依据。 考点剖析 考点一 形容词和副词的基本用法 单项选择 1. She is a ______ girl and she always does things ______. A. careful; carefully B. carefully; careful C. care; carefully 2. The cake ______ terrible. I don’t want to eat it at all. A. tastes B. tastes like C. looks like 考点二 形容词和副词的级 单项选择 1. This storybook is ______ than that one. I like it better. A. interesting B. more interesting C. most interesting 2. Tom is ______ student in his class. He studies hardest. A. diligent B. more diligent C. the most diligent 知能训练一 一、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. The little boy is too ______ (lazy) to do his homework. 2. My mother smiles ______ (happy) every day. 3. You look much ______ (good) after rest. 4. We can finish the task ______ (easy) by working together. 二、单项选择 1. There is ______ in today’s newspaper. A. new something B. something new C. anything new 2. The music sounds ______. I love it very much. A. wonderful B. wonderfully C. well 3. —How is your grandma? —She is ______ now, thank you. A. good B. well C. fine 4. He is a ______ teacher and all students like him. A. friendly B. friend C. friendily 知能训练二 一、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. This bag is as ______ (heavy) as mine. 2. Lily sings ______ (badly) than Lucy. 3. Which is ______ (fast), a bike or a bus? 4. Shanghai is one of ______ (big) cities in China. 5. He runs ______ (well) than his brother. 二、单项选择 1. This year’s winter is ______ than last year’s. A. warm B. warmer C. the warmest 2. The more you practice, the ______ you will be. A. good B. better C. best 3. I think swimming is ______ than running. A. more interesting B. interesting C. most interesting 4. This book is not as ______ as that one. A. useful B. more useful C. most useful 过关训练 一、按要求写单词 1. wind(形容词) ________ 2. care(形容词) ________ 3. small(最高级) ________ 4. use(形容词) ________ 5. bad(比较级) ________ 6. Japan(形容词) ________ 7. quick(副词) ________ 8. quiet(副词) ________ 9. great(最高级) ________ 10. thin(比较级) ________ 11. short(反义词) ________ 12. young(比较级) ________ 13. busy(反义词) ________ 14. noisy(反义词) ________ 15. late(反义词) ________ 16. tidy(反义词) ________ 17. wide(反义词) ________ 18. beautiful(比较级) ________ 19. little(比较级) ________ 20. comfortable(最高级) ________ 二、选词填空 1. This tree is ______ (tall/taller) than that one. 2. The baby is too ______ (small/smaller) to walk. 3. Can you speak ______ (loud/louder) than before? 4. My pen is as ______ (new/newer) as yours. 5. She studies ______ (hard/hardly) every day. 三、单项选择 1. Which animal is ______, the panda or the koala? A. cute B. cuter C. cutest 2. My sister is two years ______ than me. A. old B. older C. oldest 3. This is ______ park in our city. A. beautiful B. more beautiful C. the most beautiful 4. I feel ______. I want to have a rest. A. tired B. happy C. hungry 5. The river is ______ than it was ten years ago. A. clean B. cleaner C. cleanest 6. ______ season do you like ______, spring, summer or autumn? A. Better B. Best C. Good 7. He is ______ enough to finish the hard work. A. brave B. braver C. bravest 8. I have ______ to tell you after school. A. important something B. something important C. nothing important 9. This skirt is ______ than the red one. A. cheap B. cheaper C. cheapest 10. The children look ______ after playing games. A. happy B. happier C. happily 四、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. This story is ______ (funny) than the last one. 2. I feel ______ (sad) when I lose my toy. 3. The street is about five hundred metres ______ (long). 4. My bag is ______ (light) than yours. 5. Who writes ______ (well), Tom or Jerry? 五、阅读对话，选择正确答案 Lucy: Do you have a twin sister, Lily? Lily: Yes, her name is Lucy. She is one year younger than me. Lucy: Is she taller than you? Lily: No, she is a little shorter than me. Lucy: Does she have longer hair than you? Lily: Yes, her hair is longer and softer than mine. Lucy: Who is more outgoing, you or your sister? Lily: She is more outgoing. She is the most active girl in our grade. 1. Lucy is ______ than Lily. A. older B. younger C. taller 2. Lily is ______ than her sister. A. a little taller B. a little shorter C. much taller 3. Lucy’s hair is ______ than Lily’s. A. shorter B. longer C. softer 4. Lily’s sister is ______ than Lily. A. quieter B. more outgoing C. shyer 5. Lucy is the ______ girl in their grade. A. tallest B. most active C. prettiest 六、选词完成短文 备选词：young kind big bright honest warm shy happy quiet beautiful I have a ______ family with three people. My parents are ______ and patient. My mother has a ______ smile and ______ eyes. My father is ______ but strong. I am a ______ boy. I am a little ______ but very ______. We live a ______ life. I think my family is the ______ one in the world. 实战演练 一、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. He runs ______ (fast) to catch the early bus every morning. 2. We want to live in a ______ (warm) place in winter. 3. Don’t eat too ______ (many) sweets. It’s ______ (healthy). 4. The tree is ______ (tall) than it was last year. 5. It will be ______ (wind) tomorrow morning. 二、单项选择 1. When spring comes, the days get ______. A. long and long B. longer and longer C. shortest and shortest 2. Tom is 158cm tall. Mike is 5cm taller than him. Mike is ______. A. 153cm B. 163cm C. 158cm 3. We shouldn’t waste ______ water ______ paper. A. too much; or B. too many; or C. too much; and 4. The students are ______ about the ______ sports meeting. A. excited; exciting B. exciting; excited C. excited; excited 5. English is ______ for me to learn well with hard work. A. difficult B. easy C. useless 三、完形填空 Water is very important for all living things. It can keep us 1 and clean. Plants need water to grow 2 . No one 3 know when people first used water. But water is the most 4 thing in our life. We can’t live without water. Sometimes water can be 5 too. Too much rain will cause floods(洪水). So we should protect water resources. 1. A. healthy B. weak C. tired D. cold 2. A. good B. well C. bad D. badly 3. A. real B. really C. quiet D. quietly 4. A. useless B. dangerous C. important D. boring 5. A. safe B. dangerous C. happy D. warm 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $