专题02 名词-2026年小升初英语知识详细讲解

2026学年英语小升初知识详细讲解 专题02 名词 专题解说 名词是英语十大词类核心词汇，主要用来表示人、事物、地点、抽象情感、概念等。名词是小升初语法必考重点，核心考查三大模块：名词分类、名词单复数变化、名词所有格，题型覆盖单选、词形填空、句型转换、改错，分值占比稳定，是小升初提分关键模块。 考点归纳 考点 知识梳理 要点提示(小升初易错) 名词的分类 名词整体分为专有名词和普通名词两大类。1. 专有名词：特指独一无二的人、地点、国家、节日、月份等专属名称，首字母必须大写，一般不加冠词、不变复数。例：China(中国)、Beijing(北京)、May(五月)、Christmas(圣诞节)。2. 普通名词：泛指各类人或事物，分为可数名词(可直接用数字计数，有单复数)和不可数名词(无法直接计数，无单复数变化)。 1. 禁止用汉语思维判断可数/不可数(如bread面包、water水汉语可数，英语不可数)；2. 专有名词大小写、零冠词是高频陷阱。 名词的数 1. 可数名词：分单数(单个事物)、复数(两个及以上事物)，复数变化分规则变化和不规则变化。规则变化：一般加-s；s/x/ch/sh结尾加-es；辅音+y结尾变y为i加-es；o结尾有生命加-es、无生命加-s；f/fe结尾变v加-es。不规则变化：单复同形、内部元音变化、特殊变形(小升初核心考点)。2. 不可数名词：无复数形式，不能直接用数词修饰，表数量需借助量词短语。 1. 不可数名词计量结构：数词+量词+of+不可数名词(量词可单复，名词不变)，例：two cups of tea；2. o结尾必考：有生命tomato/potato加-es，无生命photo/zoo加-s；3. 复合名词变复数：中心词变形(apple tree→apple trees)，man/woman修饰名词双双变复数(woman teacher→women teachers)。 名词的所有格 所有格用于表示所属关系(……的)，分两种核心形式：1. 's所有格：多用于有生命事物，也可用于时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命抽象名词。①单数名词直接加's；②s结尾复数名词加'，非s结尾复数名词加's；③多人共有：只在最后一个名词加's；各自拥有：每个名词分别加's；④店铺、住所、诊所等所有格后可省略名词。2. of所有格：多用于无生命事物，结构：名词+of+所有者。 1. 区分s(复数)与's(所有格)，是小升初最高频易错点；2. 时间、距离所有格特殊用法必考：twenty minutes' walk(二十分钟路程)；3. 共有与各自拥有的句式辨析是单选核心考点。 考点剖析(2026最新考向) 考点一 名词的分类 核心考向：专有名词用法、可数与不可数名词辨析、some/many/much修饰词搭配 最新真题例题 单项选择 1. We will visit ________ next summer holiday. A. usa B. USA C. a USA 2. I usually have some ________ for breakfast. A. rices B. milk C. egg 真题剖析 1. 考查专有名词：国家缩写属于专有名词，必须大写且不加不定冠词，故选B。 2. 考查可数与不可数名词：some后接可数名词复数或不可数名词；rice、milk为不可数名词无复数，egg为单数可数名词需变复数，故选B。 答案：1.B 2.B 考点二 名词的数 核心考向：不规则复数、复合名词复数、不可数名词计量、特殊名词单复同形 最新真题例题 单项选择 1. How many ________ can you see in the picture? A. sheep B. sheeps C. sheepes 2. There are five ________ teachers in our school. A. woman B. women C. womens 3. I’d like three ________ of juice. A. glass B. glasses C. glasss 真题剖析 1. sheep为单复同形特殊名词，无sheeps/sheepes写法，how many后接复数，直接选A。 2. man/woman作定语修饰名词时，需与后面名词同步变复数，woman复数为women，故选B。 3. glass以s结尾，复数加es；不可数名词计量时，量词随数词变复数，juice保持原形，故选B。 答案：1.A 2.B 3.B 考点三 名词的所有格 核心考向：共有与各自拥有辨析、时间距离所有格、of所有格用法 最新真题例题 单项选择 1. This is ________ bedroom. They live together. A. Tom and Jerry's B. Tom's and Jerry's C. Tom and Jerry 2. The window ________ the classroom is big and clean. A. of B. 's C. in 真题剖析 1. 由“They live together”可知是两人共有一间卧室，只需在最后一个名词后加's，各自拥有才需分别加's，故选A。 2. classroom是无生命事物，无生命名词的所属关系用of所有格，'s仅用于有生命主体，故选A。 答案：1.A 2.A 知能训练一 一、选出每组中不同类的一项 1. A. China B. Canada C. school 2. A. juice B. bread C. notebook 3. A. teacher B. doctor C. water 4. A. summer B. Monday C. sunny 二、选出正确的单词或词组，用“√”标出 1. This (dog / dogs) is very cute. 2. I have some (orange / oranges) in the bag. 3. She drinks two (bottle / bottles) of milk every day. 4. There is much (rice / rices) on the plate. 5. These (child / children) are playing games. 6. We celebrate (Teachers' / Teacher's) Day on September 10th. 知能训练二 一、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. There are many ________ (flower) in the garden. 2. I saw three ________ (mouse) in the old house. 3. How many ________ (country) are there in the world? 4. These ________ (photo) are taken in Beijing. 5. I need two ________ (box) of pencils. 6. Different ________ (family) have different habits. 7. There are some ________ (people) in the park. 8. We can eat some fresh ________ (fish) for dinner. 二、单项选择 1. There are lots of ________ in the kitchen. A. tomatos B. tomatoes C. tomato 2. I have two ________ and three ________. A. watchs; knifes B. watches; knives C. watch; knife 3. She would like four ________ of water. A. glasses B. glass C. glasss 4. The ________ are running fast on the grass. A. deer B. deers C. deeres 5. We should brush our ________ every morning. A. tooth B. teeth C. tooths 知能训练三 一、用's或'改写下列所有格 1. the pen of Mr Wang ________ 2. the balls of the boys ________ 3. the room of my parents ________ 4. the clothes of the women ________ 5. the wings of the bird ________ 6. the birthday of Lily ________ 二、单项选择 1. This is my ________ new bag. A. sister B. sisters C. sister's 2. ________ bedroom is big and bright. They are twin sisters. A. Lucy and Lily's B. Lucy's and Lily's C. Lucy and Lily 3. It’s only a ________ walk from my home to school. A. ten minute's B. ten minutes' C. ten minutes 过关训练 一、选出每组中不同类的选项 1. A. sofa B. table C. water 2. A. lion B. tiger C. hamburger 3. A. plane B. bike C. forest 4. A. shoes B. coats C. desk 5. A. driver B. nurse C. school 二、选词填空 1. This is the ________ (king / king's) palace. 2. There are many beautiful ________ (village / villages) in China. 3. I can see one small ________ (bird / birds) in the tree. 4. The cat has two little ________ (kitten / kittens). 5. How many ________ (coach / coaches) are there in the station? 6. This is ________ (Tom and Mike's / Tom's and Mike's) new classroom. 7. She likes catching colourful ________ (butterfly / butterflies). 8. These toys are my ________ (cousin's / cousins). 9. There is a new ________ (TV / TVs) in my living room. 10. Look at those strong ________ (child / children). 三、单项选择 1. We can see many ________ and three ________ on the farm. A. sheep; foxes B. sheeps; foxs C. sheep; fox 2. This new pencil case is ________. A. Amy B. Amy's C. Amys' 3. There are three ________ on the dining table. A. bottle of juice B. bottles of juice C. bottles of juices 4. I bought lots of ________ in the supermarket yesterday. A. potatoes B. potatos C. potato 5. The little girl has two beautiful ________. A. scarf B. scarves C. scarfes 6. There are six ________ in my big family. A. people B. peoples C. a people 7. The green ________ turn yellow in autumn. A. leaf B. leaves C. leafs 8. These new ________ are for my classmates. A. book B. books C. a book 9. How many ________ are there on the grassland? A. deer B. deers C. deeres 10. How much are the black ________? A. skirt B. hat C. trousers 四、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. I have lots of ________ (sticker) in my album. 2. One of the ________ (student) is from England. 3. Today is my ________ (father) 40th birthday. 4. There are five ________ (bus) in front of the school. 5. I put some ________ (box) under my bed. 6. Those are fierce ________ (wolf) in the forest. 7. There is some ________ (tea) in the cup. 8. This is my ________ (sister) new skirt. 9. We can see many ________ (kangaroo) in Australia. 10. There are tall ________ (building) in the big city. 五、将下列句子改成复数句 1. This is a potato. → ________ are some ________. 2. That is a tomato. → ________ are some ________. 3. There is a red bus. → There ________ some red ________. 4. That child is clever. → ________ ________ are clever. 5. It is a new watch. → ________ are some new ________. 实战演练 一、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. I have three ________ (cousin). 2. He collects many old ________ (watch). 3. We can see some ________ (fireman) on the street. 4. Would you like some ________ (rice)? 5. This is ________ (Tom and Jack) shared room. 二、单项选择 1. There are two ________ and four ________ in the classroom. A. Canadian; Japanese B. Canadians; Japanese C. Canadians; Japaneses 2. I can see many ________ swimming in the river. A. fish B. duck C. horse 3. The ________ are visiting our school today. A. German B. Germans C. Germanys 4. There are fifty ________ in our grade. A. peoples B. people C. person 5. This sweater is my ________. A. brother's B. brother C. brothers 三、阅读理解填空 Lucy is an American girl. Her birthday is in October. She got many nice presents on her 12th birthday. Her parents gave her a new storybook. They said the stories in it are interesting and helpful. Her elder sister gave her a cute toy bear. Lucy loves soft toys very much. Her best friend Lily gave her a beautiful kite. They often fly kites together on weekends. 1. Lucy’s birthday is in ________. 2. Lucy’s parents gave her a ________. 3. Lucy’s sister gave her a ________ toy bear. 4. Lily is Lucy’s ________. 5. Lily gave Lucy a ________ as a birthday present. 参考答案 知能训练一 一、1.C 2.C 3.C 4.C 二、1.cat√ 2.oranges√ 3.bottles√ 4.rice√ 5.children√ 6.Teachers'√ 知能训练二 一、1.flowers 2.mice 3.countries 4.photos 5.boxes 6.families 7.people 8.fish 二、1.B 2.B 3.A 4.A 5.B 知能训练三 一、1.Mr Wang's pen 2.the boys' balls 3.my parents' room 4.the women's clothes 5.the bird's wings 6.Lily's birthday 二、1.C 2.A 3.B 过关训练 一、1.C 2.C 3.C 4.C 5.C 二、1.king's 2.villages 3.bird 4.kittens 5.coaches 6.Tom and Mike's 7.butterflies 8.cousin's 9.TV 10.children 三、1.A 2.B 3.B 4.A 5.B 6.A 7.B 8.B 9.A 10.C 四、1.stickers 2.students 3.father's 4.buses 5.boxes 6.wolves 7.tea 8.sister's 9.kangaroos 10.buildings 五、1.These; potatoes 2.Those; tomatoes 3.are; buses 4.Those; children 5.They; watches 实战演练 一、1.cousins 2.watches 3.firemen 4.rice 5.Tom and Jack's 二、1.B 2.A 3.B 4.B 5.A 三、1.October 2.storybook 3.cute 4.best friend 5.kite 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2026学年英语小升初知识详细讲解 专题02 名词 专题解说 名词是英语十大词类核心词汇，主要用来表示人、事物、地点、抽象情感、概念等。名词是小升初语法必考重点，核心考查三大模块：名词分类、名词单复数变化、名词所有格，题型覆盖单选、词形填空、句型转换、改错，分值占比稳定，是小升初提分关键模块。 考点归纳 考点 知识梳理 要点提示(小升初易错) 名词的分类 名词整体分为专有名词和普通名词两大类。1. 专有名词：特指独一无二的人、地点、国家、节日、月份等专属名称，首字母必须大写，一般不加冠词、不变复数。例：China(中国)、Beijing(北京)、May(五月)、Christmas(圣诞节)。2. 普通名词：泛指各类人或事物，分为可数名词(可直接用数字计数，有单复数)和不可数名词(无法直接计数，无单复数变化)。 1. 禁止用汉语思维判断可数/不可数(如bread面包、water水汉语可数，英语不可数)；2. 专有名词大小写、零冠词是高频陷阱。 名词的数 1. 可数名词：分单数(单个事物)、复数(两个及以上事物)，复数变化分规则变化和不规则变化。规则变化：一般加-s；s/x/ch/sh结尾加-es；辅音+y结尾变y为i加-es；o结尾有生命加-es、无生命加-s；f/fe结尾变v加-es。不规则变化：单复同形、内部元音变化、特殊变形(小升初核心考点)。2. 不可数名词：无复数形式，不能直接用数词修饰，表数量需借助量词短语。 1. 不可数名词计量结构：数词+量词+of+不可数名词(量词可单复，名词不变)，例：two cups of tea；2. o结尾必考：有生命tomato/potato加-es，无生命photo/zoo加-s；3. 复合名词变复数：中心词变形(apple tree→apple trees)，man/woman修饰名词双双变复数(woman teacher→women teachers)。 名词的所有格 所有格用于表示所属关系(……的)，分两种核心形式：1. 's所有格：多用于有生命事物，也可用于时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命抽象名词。①单数名词直接加's；②s结尾复数名词加'，非s结尾复数名词加's；③多人共有：只在最后一个名词加's；各自拥有：每个名词分别加's；④店铺、住所、诊所等所有格后可省略名词。2. of所有格：多用于无生命事物，结构：名词+of+所有者。 1. 区分s(复数)与's(所有格)，是小升初最高频易错点；2. 时间、距离所有格特殊用法必考：twenty minutes' walk(二十分钟路程)；3. 共有与各自拥有的句式辨析是单选核心考点。 考点剖析(2026最新考向) 考点一 名词的分类 核心考向：专有名词用法、可数与不可数名词辨析、some/many/much修饰词搭配 最新真题例题 单项选择 1. We will visit ________ next summer holiday. A. usa B. USA C. a USA 2. I usually have some ________ for breakfast. A. rices B. milk C. egg 考点二 名词的数 核心考向：不规则复数、复合名词复数、不可数名词计量、特殊名词单复同形 最新真题例题 单项选择 1. How many ________ can you see in the picture? A. sheep B. sheeps C. sheepes 2. There are five ________ teachers in our school. A. woman B. women C. womens 3. I’d like three ________ of juice. A. glass B. glasses C. glasss 考点三 名词的所有格 核心考向：共有与各自拥有辨析、时间距离所有格、of所有格用法 最新真题例题 单项选择 1. This is ________ bedroom. They live together. A. Tom and Jerry's B. Tom's and Jerry's C. Tom and Jerry 2. The window ________ the classroom is big and clean. A. of B. 's C. in 知能训练一 一、选出每组中不同类的一项 1. A. China B. Canada C. school 2. A. juice B. bread C. notebook 3. A. teacher B. doctor C. water 4. A. summer B. Monday C. sunny 二、选出正确的单词或词组，用“√”标出 1. This (dog / dogs) is very cute. 2. I have some (orange / oranges) in the bag. 3. She drinks two (bottle / bottles) of milk every day. 4. There is much (rice / rices) on the plate. 5. These (child / children) are playing games. 6. We celebrate (Teachers' / Teacher's) Day on September 10th. 知能训练二 一、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. There are many ________ (flower) in the garden. 2. I saw three ________ (mouse) in the old house. 3. How many ________ (country) are there in the world? 4. These ________ (photo) are taken in Beijing. 5. I need two ________ (box) of pencils. 6. Different ________ (family) have different habits. 7. There are some ________ (people) in the park. 8. We can eat some fresh ________ (fish) for dinner. 二、单项选择 1. There are lots of ________ in the kitchen. A. tomatos B. tomatoes C. tomato 2. I have two ________ and three ________. A. watchs; knifes B. watches; knives C. watch; knife 3. She would like four ________ of water. A. glasses B. glass C. glasss 4. The ________ are running fast on the grass. A. deer B. deers C. deeres 5. We should brush our ________ every morning. A. tooth B. teeth C. tooths 知能训练三 一、用's或'改写下列所有格 1. the pen of Mr Wang ________ 2. the balls of the boys ________ 3. the room of my parents ________ 4. the clothes of the women ________ 5. the wings of the bird ________ 6. the birthday of Lily ________ 二、单项选择 1. This is my ________ new bag. A. sister B. sisters C. sister's 2. ________ bedroom is big and bright. They are twin sisters. A. Lucy and Lily's B. Lucy's and Lily's C. Lucy and Lily 3. It’s only a ________ walk from my home to school. A. ten minute's B. ten minutes' C. ten minutes 过关训练 一、选出每组中不同类的选项 1. A. sofa B. table C. water 2. A. lion B. tiger C. hamburger 3. A. plane B. bike C. forest 4. A. shoes B. coats C. desk 5. A. driver B. nurse C. school 二、选词填空 1. This is the ________ (king / king's) palace. 2. There are many beautiful ________ (village / villages) in China. 3. I can see one small ________ (bird / birds) in the tree. 4. The cat has two little ________ (kitten / kittens). 5. How many ________ (coach / coaches) are there in the station? 6. This is ________ (Tom and Mike's / Tom's and Mike's) new classroom. 7. She likes catching colourful ________ (butterfly / butterflies). 8. These toys are my ________ (cousin's / cousins). 9. There is a new ________ (TV / TVs) in my living room. 10. Look at those strong ________ (child / children). 三、单项选择 1. We can see many ________ and three ________ on the farm. A. sheep; foxes B. sheeps; foxs C. sheep; fox 2. This new pencil case is ________. A. Amy B. Amy's C. Amys' 3. There are three ________ on the dining table. A. bottle of juice B. bottles of juice C. bottles of juices 4. I bought lots of ________ in the supermarket yesterday. A. potatoes B. potatos C. potato 5. The little girl has two beautiful ________. A. scarf B. scarves C. scarfes 6. There are six ________ in my big family. A. people B. peoples C. a people 7. The green ________ turn yellow in autumn. A. leaf B. leaves C. leafs 8. These new ________ are for my classmates. A. book B. books C. a book 9. How many ________ are there on the grassland? A. deer B. deers C. deeres 10. How much are the black ________? A. skirt B. hat C. trousers 四、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. I have lots of ________ (sticker) in my album. 2. One of the ________ (student) is from England. 3. Today is my ________ (father) 40th birthday. 4. There are five ________ (bus) in front of the school. 5. I put some ________ (box) under my bed. 6. Those are fierce ________ (wolf) in the forest. 7. There is some ________ (tea) in the cup. 8. This is my ________ (sister) new skirt. 9. We can see many ________ (kangaroo) in Australia. 10. There are tall ________ (building) in the big city. 五、将下列句子改成复数句 1. This is a potato. → ________ are some ________. 2. That is a tomato. → ________ are some ________. 3. There is a red bus. → There ________ some red ________. 4. That child is clever. → ________ ________ are clever. 5. It is a new watch. → ________ are some new ________. 实战演练 一、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. I have three ________ (cousin). 2. He collects many old ________ (watch). 3. We can see some ________ (fireman) on the street. 4. Would you like some ________ (rice)? 5. This is ________ (Tom and Jack) shared room. 二、单项选择 1. There are two ________ and four ________ in the classroom. A. Canadian; Japanese B. Canadians; Japanese C. Canadians; Japaneses 2. I can see many ________ swimming in the river. A. fish B. duck C. horse 3. The ________ are visiting our school today. A. German B. Germans C. Germanys 4. There are fifty ________ in our grade. A. peoples B. people C. person 5. This sweater is my ________. A. brother's B. brother C. brothers 三、阅读理解填空 Lucy is an American girl. Her birthday is in October. She got many nice presents on her 12th birthday. Her parents gave her a new storybook. They said the stories in it are interesting and helpful. Her elder sister gave her a cute toy bear. Lucy loves soft toys very much. Her best friend Lily gave her a beautiful kite. They often fly kites together on weekends. 1. Lucy’s birthday is in ________. 2. Lucy’s parents gave her a ________. 3. Lucy’s sister gave her a ________ toy bear. 4. Lily is Lucy’s ________. 5. Lily gave Lucy a ________ as a birthday present. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $