专题03 代词-2026年小升初英语知识详细讲解

2026学年英语小升初知识详细讲解 专题03 代词 专题解说 代词是小学英语核心基础词类，主要用来替代人、事物、地点等名词，避免语句重复、精简表达。小升初阶段重点考查六大类代词：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词、疑问代词，侧重辨析用法、单复数变化、主宾格区分及情景运用，是小升初单选、填空、句型转换的高频考点。 考点归纳 考点 知识梳理 要点提示 人称代词 1. 定义：指代人或事物的代词，分为第一、二、三人称，有单数、复数以及主格、宾格的形态变化，是小升初最基础考点。2. 并列排列规则：(1)单数并列：遵循“二、三、一”顺序(尊重他人、谦逊自我)，例：you, she and I；(2)复数并列：遵循“一、二、三”顺序，例：we, you and they。3. 核心用法：主格作句子主语(句首/谓语前)，宾格作宾语，固定放在动词、介词之后。 人称代词口诀：主格作主语，句首谓语前；宾格作宾语，动介后面站；单数二三一，复数一二三。 物主代词 1. 定义：表示人或事物所属关系的代词，分两类，均有人称和数的变化。2. 形容词性物主代词：相当于形容词，不能单独使用，后必须接名词，用于修饰限定名词。3. 名词性物主代词：相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”，独立使用，后面不接名词，可单独作主语、宾语、表语。 物主代词变形口诀：形物代变名物代，多数加s记心怀；my变mine，its、his不用改；名物代独用，形物代接材。 反身代词 1. 定义：指代动作执行者自身的代词，译为“自己、亲自”。2. 形态变化：单数后缀-self，复数后缀-selves；一二人称由形物代变形，第三人称由宾格变形。3. 两大核心用法：① 反射用法，动作作用于自身；② 强调用法，加强语气，表“亲自、独自”。 反身代词记忆歌：一二形物加self，三人宾格来替补；单数self复数ves，自用自加强语气。 指示代词 1. 定义：用于指代近处、远处人或事物的代词，核心四个：this(这个)、that(那个)、these(这些)、those(那些)。2. 基本规则：近单用this，远单用that；近复用these，远复用those。3. 答题关键：回答this/that问句用it替代，回答these/those问句用they替代；指示代词与冠词、形物代不可连用。 单复数转换技巧：this变these，that变those；is/am变are，单数名词变复数；问句替换要牢记，单it复they不出错。 不定代词 1. 定义：不特指某一人或事物的代词，小升初高频辨析组：2. 核心用法辨析：① some/any：some多用于肯定句、委婉请求问句；any多用于否定句、一般疑问句；② few/a few + 可数名词；little/a little + 不可数名词；few/little表否定(几乎没有)，a few/a little表肯定(有一点)；③ both(两者都)、all(三者及以上都)；many(可数多)、much(不可数多)。 1. 委婉请求句式(Would you like...)固定用some；2. the other特指两者中另一个，others泛指其他人/物；3. 可数不可数搭配是高频易错点。 疑问代词 1. 定义：用于特殊疑问句，对人、物、所属、数量等提问的代词。2. 高频疑问代词：who(对人提问)、whose(对所属关系提问)、what(对事物/职业提问)、which(对指定范围选择提问)。3. 主谓一致：疑问代词作主语，无明确复数概念时，谓语动词用单数。 疑问代词辨析：who问人物，whose问归属；what问事物职业，which问指定选择。 考点剖析 考点一 人称代词 最新真题例题 选词填空 1. Let _________ (me/I) help you with your homework. 2. My new deskmate is friendly. I like _________ (she/her) very much. 3. _________ (We/Us) will go to the park this weekend. 例题剖析：本题考查人称代词主格、宾格核心用法。1. 动词Let后接宾格，故用me；2. 动词like后接宾语，用宾格her；3. 句子开头作主语，用主格We。 答案：1.me 2.her 3.We 知能训练一 一、用所给代词的正确形式填空 1. _________ (I) often play basketball with _________ (he) after school. 2. Can you wait for _________ (they) at the school gate? 3. _________ (She) is a good student. All teachers like _________ (she). 4. My uncle takes _________ (we) to the zoo every summer. 5. Shall _________ (you) and _________ (I) clean the classroom together? 二、用适当的人称代词填空 1. —Who is singing in the room? —_________ is my sister. 2. I don't know this man. Can you tell _________ about him? 3. Tom and Jerry are classmates. _________ study hard. 4. This is my cat. _________ is very cute. I love _________ very much. 考点二 物主代词 最新真题例题 用所给代词的正确形式填空 1. This is _________ (I) pencil box. _________ (you) is on the desk. 2. —Are these _________ (they) toys? —No, they aren't _________ (their). 例题剖析：考查形物代与名物代辨析。1. 第一空后有名词pencil box，用形容词性物主代词my；第二空独立作主语，无名次，用名词性物主代词yours。2. 第一空修饰名词toys，用their；第二空独立使用，用theirs。 答案：1.my; Yours 2.their; theirs 知能训练二 一、单项选择 1. The little dog likes _________ new bowl very much. A. It's B. Its C. It D. Its' 2. These books are _________. I wrote _________ names on them. A. mine; my B. my; mine C. me; my D. mine; me 3. This skirt is _________, not _________. A. hers; your B. her; yours C. hers; yours D. her; your 4. My parents love _________ job and work hard every day. A. their B. theirs C. them D. they 5. We should clean _________ classroom before class. A. ours B. our C. us D. we 二、补全对话(选用适当物主代词) A: Hello, Lucy! Is this 1. _________ (you) ruler? B: No, it's not 2. _________ (I). 3. _________ (I) ruler is blue. A: Whose ruler is it? B: Maybe it's 4. _________ (Lily). 5. _________ (She) ruler is white. 考点三 反身代词 最新真题例题 单项选择 1. Kids can wash clothes by _________ at the age of six. A. themselves B. yourself C. himself D. herself 2. Help _________ to some fruit, boys and girls. A. yourself B. yourselves C. myself D. ourselves 例题剖析：考查反身代词单复数及固定搭配。1. 主语kids为复数，对应反身代词themselves；2. 语境对象是多人，help yourselves to 为固定搭配，表“随便吃”。 答案：1.A 2.B 知能训练三 一、单项选择 1. My little brother can dress _________ now. A. himself B. yourself C. themselves D. myself 2. She finished her homework by _________. No one helped her. A. herself B. myself C. yourself D. himself 3. We enjoyed _________ during the summer holiday. A. ourselves B. yourselves C. themselves D. myself 二、用所给单词适当形式填空 1. No one taught him English. He learned it by _________ (he). 2. Help _________ (you) to some cakes, Tom. 3. The students clean the classroom by _________ (they). 考点四 指示代词 最新真题例题 单项选择 1. _________ is my uncle, and _________ are my cousins. A. This; these B. These; this C. That; this D. Those; these 2. —Are those your pencils? —_________ A. Yes, it is. B. Yes, they are. C. No, it isn't. D. No, they don't. 例题剖析：考查指示代词单复数匹配及问答规则。1. 单数搭配this/that，复数搭配these/those，选A；2. those引导的问句，答语用they替代，选B。 答案：1.A 2.B 知能训练四 一、单项选择 1. Look at _________ birds in the tree. They are beautiful. A. this B. that C. these D. those 2. —Is that your schoolbag? —_________ A. Yes, it's. B. Yes, it is. C. No, that isn't. D. Yes, that is. 3. _________ is my bedroom and _________ are my parents' rooms. A. This; those B. These; that C. That; this D. Those; these 4. —What are these? —_________ new books. A. This is B. That is C. They are D. These are 二、按要求完成句子 1. Is that your eraser?(肯定回答) 2. These are my new pens.(改为单数句) 3. Those are yellow bananas.(对画线部分提问) 4. Are these their desks?(否定回答) 考点五 不定代词 最新真题例题 完成填空 1. —Would you like _________ juice? —Yes, just _________. A. some; a little B. any; little C. some; a few D. any; few 2. There is _________ water in the bottle. We can drink it. A. a few B. few C. a little D. little 例题剖析：考查不定代词高频辨析。1. Would you like委婉请求用some，juice为不可数名词，用a little，选A；2. 后文表可以饮用，表肯定，water不可数，用a little，选C。 答案：1.A 2.C 知能训练五 一、单项选择 1. I have _________ friends here, so I never feel lonely. A. a few B. few C. a little D. little 2. There isn't _________ milk in the fridge. I need to buy some. A. many B. much C. few D. a few 3. —Do you want tea or coffee? —_________. I only want water. A. Both B. All C. Neither D. Either 4. _________ of my parents like reading books. A. All B. Both C. Each D. Every 二、改错(选出错误选项并改正) 1. I don't have some new notebooks. _________ 2. There are a little apples on the plate. _________ 3. He has many water to drink. _________ 考点六 疑问代词 最新真题例题 完成习题 1. —_________ is your favourite teacher? —Miss Wang. A. Who B. What C. Where D. How 2. —_________ bag is this? —It's my brother's. A. What B. Who C. Whose D. Which 例题剖析：考查疑问代词词义辨析。1. 答语为人，用who提问；2. 答语为所属关系，用whose提问。 答案：1.A 2.C 知能训练六 一、填入合适的疑问代词 1. —_________ is your father's job? —He is a doctor. 2. —_________ pen do you like, the red one or the blue one? —The red one. 3. —_________ is waiting for you at the door? —My best friend. 4. —_________ umbrella is this? —It's my sister's. 二、情景匹配 1. Why do you like summer? A. It's mine. 2. Which toy do you want? B. Because it's hot. 3. Whose bike is this? C. The white one. 4. What does your mother do? D. She is a nurse. 过关训练 一、完善代词变形表格 主格 宾格 形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代词 I you you he his she her it we us they their 二、单项选择 1. _________ will go to the museum together tomorrow. A. You, he and I B. I, you and he C. He, I and you 2. This new book is _________. I bought it by _________. A. mine; myself B. my; me C. me; mine 3. —Who is knocking at the door? —_________ must be my cousin. A. He B. It C. She 4. There is _________ bread on the table. You can eat it. A. a few B. few C. a little 5. Can you help _________ with _________ English study? A. I; my B. me; my C. me; mine 实战演练 一、单项选择 1. My sister often shares snacks with _________ classmates. A. her B. hers C. she 2.—Is this pen _________? —Yes, it's mine. A. your B. yours C. you 3. There is _________ wrong with my bike. It works well. A. nothing B. something C. anything 4. Please tell _________ your daily life. A. they B. them C. their 5. I have two sisters. _________ are both teachers. A. We B. They C. You 6. I don't like this dress. Please show me _________ one. A. another B. other C. others 7.—_________ do you get up every morning? —At 6:30. A. How B. When C. Where 二、用所给单词适当形式填空 1. This toy car is _________ (he). 2. She teaches _________ (she) English every day. 3. Do you have _________ (any) storybooks? 4. _________ (we) classroom is big and bright. 三、补全对话 A: Hi, Jack! 1. _________ did you go last weekend? B: I went to the countryside. A: 2. _________ did you go there? B: I went there by bike. A: 3. _________ did you do there? B: I picked apples with my grandparents. A: 4. _________ apples did you pick? B: About ten kilos. A: Sounds great! 5. _________ had a good time! 参考答案 知能训练一 一、1.I; him 2.them 3.She; her 4.us 5.you; I 二、1.It 2.me 3.They 4.It; it 知能训练二 一、1.B 2.A 3.C 4.A 5.B 二、1.your 2.mine 3.My 4.hers 5.Her 知能训练三 一、1.A 2.A 3.A 二、1.himself 2.yourself 3.themselves 知能训练四 一、1.D 2.B 3.A 4.C 二、1.Yes, it is. 2.This is my new pen. 3.What are those? 4.No, they aren't. 知能训练五 一、1.A 2.B 3.C 4.B 二、1.some→any 2.little→few 3.many→much 知能训练六 一、1.What 2.Which 3.Who 4.Whose 二、1.B 2.C 3.A 4.D 过关训练 一、1.me; my; mine 2.your; yours 3.him; his 4.her; hers 5.it; its; its 6.our; ours 7.them; theirs 二、1.A 2.A 3.B 4.C 5.B 实战演练 一、1.A 2.B 3.A 4.B 5.B 6.A 7.B 二、1.his 2.herself 3.any 4.Our 三、1.Where 2.How 3.What 4.How many 5.You 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2026学年英语小升初知识详细讲解 专题03 代词 专题解说 代词是小学英语核心基础词类，主要用来替代人、事物、地点等名词，避免语句重复、精简表达。小升初阶段重点考查六大类代词：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词、疑问代词，侧重辨析用法、单复数变化、主宾格区分及情景运用，是小升初单选、填空、句型转换的高频考点。 考点归纳 考点 知识梳理 要点提示 人称代词 1. 定义：指代人或事物的代词，分为第一、二、三人称，有单数、复数以及主格、宾格的形态变化，是小升初最基础考点。2. 并列排列规则：(1)单数并列：遵循“二、三、一”顺序(尊重他人、谦逊自我)，例：you, she and I；(2)复数并列：遵循“一、二、三”顺序，例：we, you and they。3. 核心用法：主格作句子主语(句首/谓语前)，宾格作宾语，固定放在动词、介词之后。 人称代词口诀：主格作主语，句首谓语前；宾格作宾语，动介后面站；单数二三一，复数一二三。 物主代词 1. 定义：表示人或事物所属关系的代词，分两类，均有人称和数的变化。2. 形容词性物主代词：相当于形容词，不能单独使用，后必须接名词，用于修饰限定名词。3. 名词性物主代词：相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”，独立使用，后面不接名词，可单独作主语、宾语、表语。 物主代词变形口诀：形物代变名物代，多数加s记心怀；my变mine，its、his不用改；名物代独用，形物代接材。 反身代词 1. 定义：指代动作执行者自身的代词，译为“自己、亲自”。2. 形态变化：单数后缀-self，复数后缀-selves；一二人称由形物代变形，第三人称由宾格变形。3. 两大核心用法：① 反射用法，动作作用于自身；② 强调用法，加强语气，表“亲自、独自”。 反身代词记忆歌：一二形物加self，三人宾格来替补；单数self复数ves，自用自加强语气。 指示代词 1. 定义：用于指代近处、远处人或事物的代词，核心四个：this(这个)、that(那个)、these(这些)、those(那些)。2. 基本规则：近单用this，远单用that；近复用these，远复用those。3. 答题关键：回答this/that问句用it替代，回答these/those问句用they替代；指示代词与冠词、形物代不可连用。 单复数转换技巧：this变these，that变those；is/am变are，单数名词变复数；问句替换要牢记，单it复they不出错。 不定代词 1. 定义：不特指某一人或事物的代词，小升初高频辨析组：2. 核心用法辨析：① some/any：some多用于肯定句、委婉请求问句；any多用于否定句、一般疑问句；② few/a few + 可数名词；little/a little + 不可数名词；few/little表否定(几乎没有)，a few/a little表肯定(有一点)；③ both(两者都)、all(三者及以上都)；many(可数多)、much(不可数多)。 1. 委婉请求句式(Would you like...)固定用some；2. the other特指两者中另一个，others泛指其他人/物；3. 可数不可数搭配是高频易错点。 疑问代词 1. 定义：用于特殊疑问句，对人、物、所属、数量等提问的代词。2. 高频疑问代词：who(对人提问)、whose(对所属关系提问)、what(对事物/职业提问)、which(对指定范围选择提问)。3. 主谓一致：疑问代词作主语，无明确复数概念时，谓语动词用单数。 疑问代词辨析：who问人物，whose问归属；what问事物职业，which问指定选择。 考点剖析 考点一 人称代词 最新真题例题 选词填空 1. Let _________ (me/I) help you with your homework. 2. My new deskmate is friendly. I like _________ (she/her) very much. 3. _________ (We/Us) will go to the park this weekend. 知能训练一 一、用所给代词的正确形式填空 1. _________ (I) often play basketball with _________ (he) after school. 2. Can you wait for _________ (they) at the school gate? 3. _________ (She) is a good student. All teachers like _________ (she). 4. My uncle takes _________ (we) to the zoo every summer. 5. Shall _________ (you) and _________ (I) clean the classroom together? 二、用适当的人称代词填空 1. —Who is singing in the room? —_________ is my sister. 2. I don't know this man. Can you tell _________ about him? 3. Tom and Jerry are classmates. _________ study hard. 4. This is my cat. _________ is very cute. I love _________ very much. 考点二 物主代词 最新真题例题 用所给代词的正确形式填空 1. This is _________ (I) pencil box. _________ (you) is on the desk. 2. —Are these _________ (they) toys? —No, they aren't _________ (their). 知能训练二 一、单项选择 1. The little dog likes _________ new bowl very much. A. It's B. Its C. It D. Its' 2. These books are _________. I wrote _________ names on them. A. mine; my B. my; mine C. me; my D. mine; me 3. This skirt is _________, not _________. A. hers; your B. her; yours C. hers; yours D. her; your 4. My parents love _________ job and work hard every day. A. their B. theirs C. them D. they 5. We should clean _________ classroom before class. A. ours B. our C. us D. we 二、补全对话(选用适当物主代词) A: Hello, Lucy! Is this 1. _________ (you) ruler? B: No, it's not 2. _________ (I). 3. _________ (I) ruler is blue. A: Whose ruler is it? B: Maybe it's 4. _________ (Lily). 5. _________ (She) ruler is white. 考点三 反身代词 最新真题例题 单项选择 1. Kids can wash clothes by _________ at the age of six. A. themselves B. yourself C. himself D. herself 2. Help _________ to some fruit, boys and girls. A. yourself B. yourselves C. myself D. ourselves 知能训练三 一、单项选择 1. My little brother can dress _________ now. A. himself B. yourself C. themselves D. myself 2. She finished her homework by _________. No one helped her. A. herself B. myself C. yourself D. himself 3. We enjoyed _________ during the summer holiday. A. ourselves B. yourselves C. themselves D. myself 二、用所给单词适当形式填空 1. No one taught him English. He learned it by _________ (he). 2. Help _________ (you) to some cakes, Tom. 3. The students clean the classroom by _________ (they). 考点四 指示代词 最新真题例题 单项选择 1. _________ is my uncle, and _________ are my cousins. A. This; these B. These; this C. That; this D. Those; these 2. —Are those your pencils? —_________ A. Yes, it is. B. Yes, they are. C. No, it isn't. D. No, they don't. 知能训练四 一、单项选择 1. Look at _________ birds in the tree. They are beautiful. A. this B. that C. these D. those 2. —Is that your schoolbag? —_________ A. Yes, it's. B. Yes, it is. C. No, that isn't. D. Yes, that is. 3. _________ is my bedroom and _________ are my parents' rooms. A. This; those B. These; that C. That; this D. Those; these 4. —What are these? —_________ new books. A. This is B. That is C. They are D. These are 二、按要求完成句子 1. Is that your eraser?(肯定回答) 2. These are my new pens.(改为单数句) 3. Those are yellow bananas.(对画线部分提问) 4. Are these their desks?(否定回答) 考点五 不定代词 最新真题例题 完成填空 1. —Would you like _________ juice? —Yes, just _________. A. some; a little B. any; little C. some; a few D. any; few 2. There is _________ water in the bottle. We can drink it. A. a few B. few C. a little D. little 知能训练五 一、单项选择 1. I have _________ friends here, so I never feel lonely. A. a few B. few C. a little D. little 2. There isn't _________ milk in the fridge. I need to buy some. A. many B. much C. few D. a few 3. —Do you want tea or coffee? —_________. I only want water. A. Both B. All C. Neither D. Either 4. _________ of my parents like reading books. A. All B. Both C. Each D. Every 二、改错(选出错误选项并改正) 1. I don't have some new notebooks. _________ 2. There are a little apples on the plate. _________ 3. He has many water to drink. _________ 考点六 疑问代词 最新真题例题 完成习题 1. —_________ is your favourite teacher? —Miss Wang. A. Who B. What C. Where D. How 2. —_________ bag is this? —It's my brother's. A. What B. Who C. Whose D. Which 知能训练六 一、填入合适的疑问代词 1. —_________ is your father's job? —He is a doctor. 2. —_________ pen do you like, the red one or the blue one? —The red one. 3. —_________ is waiting for you at the door? —My best friend. 4. —_________ umbrella is this? —It's my sister's. 二、情景匹配 1. Why do you like summer? A. It's mine. 2. Which toy do you want? B. Because it's hot. 3. Whose bike is this? C. The white one. 4. What does your mother do? D. She is a nurse. 过关训练 一、完善代词变形表格 主格 宾格 形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代词 I you you he his she her it we us they their 二、单项选择 1. _________ will go to the museum together tomorrow. A. You, he and I B. I, you and he C. He, I and you 2. This new book is _________. I bought it by _________. A. mine; myself B. my; me C. me; mine 3. —Who is knocking at the door? —_________ must be my cousin. A. He B. It C. She 4. There is _________ bread on the table. You can eat it. A. a few B. few C. a little 5. Can you help _________ with _________ English study? A. I; my B. me; my C. me; mine 实战演练 一、单项选择 1. My sister often shares snacks with _________ classmates. A. her B. hers C. she 2.—Is this pen _________? —Yes, it's mine. A. your B. yours C. you 3. There is _________ wrong with my bike. It works well. A. nothing B. something C. anything 4. Please tell _________ your daily life. A. they B. them C. their 5. I have two sisters. _________ are both teachers. A. We B. They C. You 6. I don't like this dress. Please show me _________ one. A. another B. other C. others 7.—_________ do you get up every morning? —At 6:30. A. How B. When C. Where 二、用所给单词适当形式填空 1. This toy car is _________ (he). 2. She teaches _________ (she) English every day. 3. Do you have _________ (any) storybooks? 4. _________ (we) classroom is big and bright. 三、补全对话 A: Hi, Jack! 1. _________ did you go last weekend? B: I went to the countryside. A: 2. _________ did you go there? B: I went there by bike. A: 3. _________ did you do there? B: I picked apples with my grandparents. A: 4. _________ apples did you pick? B: About ten kilos. A: Sounds great! 5. _________ had a good time! 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $