专题03 名词&代词-【简语法-暑假自习课】2026-2027学年译林版英语八年级上册

暑假 · 重难点突破 专题03名词&代词 新八年级英语 语法突破（新教材译林版） 1. 熟悉“名词&代词”用法 2. 掌握“名词&代词”解题技巧 3. 轻松驾驭“名词&代词”真题 模块一 名词所有格（学习目标 1：熟悉基础用法） 分类 具体规则 适用场景 高频易错点 1. 单数名词所有格 单数人名 / 动物名词后加 ’s Lily’s bag 莉莉的书包 人、动物所属关系 无生命物体误用 ’s，改用 of 2. 复数名词所有格 以 s 结尾复数名词只加 ’ boys’ room 男生房间 复数人群物品 复数名词漏写 s 直接加’s 3. 特殊共有所有格 两人共有，只在最后名词加 ’s Lily and Lucy’s room 两人共有的房间 多人共用物品 各自拥有时两个名词都加’s 4. 无生命所属 物品之间所属用 of 结构 the door of the classroom 教室的门 物品归属 书本、桌子等物品乱用’s 配套例句（附汉语翻译） 1. This is Tom’s pencil. 这是汤姆的铅笔。 2. These are the girls’ books. 这些是女孩们的书。 3. This is the window of the house. 这栋房子的窗户。 模块二 名词所有格（学习目标 2：解题技巧） 分类 解题步骤 判断依据 考场技巧 1. 判断所有者是人 / 动物 人名、动物名词优先 ’s 看到人名直接考虑所有格 单数人名一律加 ’s 2. 判断名词单复数 复数带 s 只加 ’，不带 s 复数加 ’s children’s 孩子们的 不规则复数（children）加 ’s 3. 判断有无生命 桌椅、门窗等物品用 of 翻译 “…… 的” 先看是人还是物 无生命禁用名词所有格’s 模块三 形物代 & 名物代（学习目标 1：熟悉基础用法） 分类 具体规则 适用场景 高频易错点 1. 形容词性物主代词 my/your/his/her/its/our/their 后面必须搭配名词，不能单独使用 名词前修饰 mine 后面多加名词 2. 名词性物主代词 mine/yours/his/hers/its/ours/theirs 后面不加名词，单独指代前文物品 句末单独作表语、宾语 空后有名词误用 mine/hers 配套例句（附汉语翻译） 1. This is her pen. 这是她的钢笔。（形物代 + 名词） 2. This pen is hers. 这支钢笔是她的。（名物代单独用） 模块四 形物代 & 名物代（学习目标 2：解题技巧） 分类 解题步骤 判断依据 1. 看空格后有无名词 后面有名词→形物代（my/your…） 空紧跟名词，必选形容词性物主代词 2. 空格后无名词→名物代（mine/yours…） 单独作主语、表语，只用名词性物主代词 3. 同义转换 my book = mine；your bag = yours 避免重复名词直接用名物代 模块五 不定代词 something /anything/nothing（学习目标 1：熟悉基础用法） 分类 具体规则 适用场景 高频易错点 1.something 某物，用于肯定句；表委婉请求问句也可用 肯定陈述句、礼貌邀请问句 疑问句乱用 something 2.anything 任何事物，否定句、一般疑问句 否定、普通疑问 肯定句乱用 anything 3.nothing 没有东西，本身表否定含义，无需再加 not 陈述句完全否定 nothing+not 双重否定错误 4. 定语后置 形容词修饰不定代词，必须放后面 something interesting 有趣的事 单选、语法填空 interesting 放 something 前面 配套例句（附汉语翻译） 1. I want something to eat. 我想吃点东西。 2. Do you have anything to tell me? 你有什么事要告诉我吗？ 3. There is nothing in the box. 盒子里什么都没有。 模块六 不定代词解题技巧 分类 解题步骤 判断依据 1. 区分句式 肯定句用 something；否定 / 普通疑问句用 anything 看到 not 直接选 anything 2. 完全否定含义 句中无 not，表达 “什么都没有” 用 nothing nothing 自带否定，不再加 not 3. 形容词位置 出现形容词修饰不定代词，一律后置 something good 正确，good something 错误 模块七 综合辨析口诀 人有生命加’s，物品所属用 of； 有名形物代，无名名物代； 肯定 something，疑问否定 anything，完全否定 nothing； 修饰不定代词，形容词放后面。 一、单项选择题（15 小题） 1. This is ________ new desk. ________ is over there. A. my; Your B. my; Yours C. mine; Your D. mine; Yours 2. This is ________ room. They live together. A. Lily and Lucy B. Lily’s and Lucy’s C. Lily and Lucy’s D. Lilys and Lucys 3. —Is there ________ in the box? —No, ________ is inside it. A. something; anything B. anything; nothing C. nothing; anything D. anything; something 4. These ________ bags are on the desk. A. girl B. girls C. girl’s D. girls’ 5. The red skirt is ________. I bought it yesterday. A. me B. my C. mine D. I 6. I have ________ important to tell you. Please listen carefully. A. something B. anything C. everything D. nothing 7. The window ________ the classroom is open now. A. of B. ’s C. for D. to 8. —Can I have ________ to drink? —Sure, here is some water. A. anything B. nothing C. something D. everything 9. That blue bike is ________. A. his B. he C. him D. he’s 10. There is ________ wrong with my watch. It doesn’t work. A. nothing B. something C. anything D. everything 11. Those are the ________ books. A. child B. childs C. children’s D. children 12. —Is ________ here today? —Yes, no one is absent. A. anybody B. somebody C. everybody D. nobody 13. Her parents’ house is bigger than ________. A. our B. we C. ours D. us 14. I looked everywhere but found ________. A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything 15. This new dictionary is ________. A. Tom B. Tom’s C. Toms D. Toms’ 二、单句语法填空（15 小题，用括号内词适当形式填空） 1. This ruler isn’t mine. It’s ________ (she). 2. This is ________ (Tom and Jack) bedroom. They share it. 3. There is ________ (something) wrong with my computer. 4. The white coat is my ________ (sister). 5. Is there ________ (anything) interesting in today’s newspaper? 6. We love ________ (we) school very much. 7. ________ (child) games are very interesting. 8. He told me ________ (something) important this morning. 9. That new ball is ________ (they). 10. The door ________ the room is closed. (填介词 / 所有格符号) 11. There is ________ (nothing) in the box, it’s empty. 12. These are the ________ (girl) new desks. 解析：句意：这些是女孩们的新书桌。girls 复数 s 结尾，所有格只加 ’。 13. Can I borrow ________ (you) pen? 14. I have ________ (something) to ask you. 15. This book is not mine. It’s ________ (Mike). 三、阅读理解 Passage 1 The Great Barrier Reef in Australia is the world’s largest coral reef (珊瑚礁) system. It’s popular for adventure activities, such as diving, swimming and sailing. There are great hotels and restaurants for visitors. The seafood there is very famous. It is facing many problems. Pollution, overfishing and too many visits have all caused danger to the reef. However, global warming is the biggest danger to them because corals will turn white and die because of warmer seawater. They are disappearing. You mustn’t touch them. The Amazon rainforest in Brazil is home to many wild animals. However, this great forest is crying for help now. It is facing serious problems. Over the past 50 years, 17% of the Amazon rainforest has disappeared because of human activities, such as fishing, mining (采矿), cutting down trees and other development activities. More environmental groups (环保群体) call on people to stop destroying the rainforest and take practical (实际的) steps to save it. The Arctic sea ice is an important home for polar bears. They depend on thick ice to hunt seals for food. In recent years, rising temperatures make much sea ice melt earlier every spring. Many baby polar bears starve because they can’t get enough food. Besides, less ice changes the ocean’s environment, bringing trouble to lots of small sea lives. Scientists warn (警告) that if warming goes on, polar bears may disappear in the future. Urban wetlands (城市湿地) are called “the city’s natural water filters (过滤器)”. They can clean dirty rainwater and make the air fresher. Lots of birds and small frogs choose to live here. But some cities fill wetland to build new houses. More waste water is poured (倾倒) into wetlands without cleaning. Now many wetland areas become smaller and dirtier, and local wild animals lose their homes. More people start to protect wetlands by making strict environmental rules these days. 1．What can’t you do if you go to the Great Barrier? A．Enjoy delicious seafood. B．Do some water sports. C．Have a good rest in great hotels. D．Touch corals by hand. 2．What does the underlined word “starve” in the third passage mean in Chinese? A．遭受 B．迁徙 C．挨饿 D．死亡 3．What’s the function (功能) of urban wetlands? A．To produce fresh food for people. B．To clean dirty rainwater and fresher air. C．To build lots of comfortable houses. D．To pour all kinds of waste water. 4．From the passage, we can learn that ________. A．overfishing is the top reason for the death of corals in Australia B．nearly one fifth of Amazon rainforest is lost in half a century C．polar bears have already (已经) disappeared because of early ice-melting D．all cities make strict laws to stop wetlands from being polluted (被污染) 5．Where can we most probably read these passages? A．A magazine about nature. B．A traveler’s dairy. C．A storybook for kids. D．A science textbook. Passage 2 Do you know that animals can help people in many ways? Some animals are our friends and helpers. Dogs are the most common helper animals. They can guide (引导) blind people to walk safely on the street. They can also help people who cannot hear sounds. These special dogs are called guide dogs. They are trained (训练) to help their owners in different situations (情况). Cats are good at catching mice. On farms, cats help protect grain (谷物) by keeping mice away. At home, they can make people feel relaxed. Studies show that watching cats can lower (降低) people’s stress (压力) levels. Horses can carry heavy things and help farmers work in the field. In some places, horses are still used for transportation (交通). They can also help children with special needs. Riding horses can be a kind of therapy (疗法) for them. Dolphins are known for their intelligence (智力). They can help doctors work with sick children. Swimming with dolphins can make the children feel happy and relaxed. We should protect animals and never hurt them. They are our friends on this planet (星球). 1. What can guide dogs help blind people do? A．Catch mice. B．Lower stress levels. C．Walk safely. D．Do therapy. 2. The underlined word “they” in Paragraph 3 refers to (指的是) ________. A．mice B．cats C．grain D．farms 3. How can horses help children with special needs? A．By carrying heavy things. B．By working in the field. C．By being used for training. D．By riding as a kind of therapy. 4. What is the main idea of the last paragraph? A．Animals are useful. B．We should protect animals. C．Animals are our family. D．We should never hurt dogs. 5. Which of the following best shows the structure (结构) of the passage? A． B．C． D． 四、短文填空 Passage 3 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 On a warm spring day, the sun shone brightly. Tom sat under a tree 1 began writing his diary. He wrote, “Today, my friends and I 2 (explore) the forest. Deep in the woods, we discovered a very old tree whose 3 (branch) seemed like pages of history, and it was telling stories of the past.” Tom’s grandfather 4 (teach) him how to find out the age of trees by their rings. He touched the bark, feeling the passage of time through nature. After 5 day’s adventure (冒险), they filled their backpacks with fresh flowers and seeds (种子). Back home, Tom used these seeds 6 (plant) a small garden. He knew they would grow up under the sun and rain. 7 (final), he wrote about his day’s experiences happily. He believed these seeds of nature would bring 8 (he) more surprises in the future. On the last page of his diary, Tom noted, “Today, I not only used my eyes to see but also my heart to feel.” He closed the diary, looking forward 9 his next forest adventure. He realized a common truth: every small seed 10 (grow) well with enough water and sunshine. Passage 4 Do you know how weather affects our lives? Well, it affects where we go, what we do, and what we wear. And it also affects how we feel and act. It is 1 big part of our lives! We often use weather language to talk 2 how we feel. For example, if we are feeling ill, we say we are “under the weather”. If we are feeling tired and have too many 3 (thing) to do, we can say that we are “snowed under”. We use bad weather like 4 (rain) days to describe (描述) a bad feeling, and we 5 (usual) use warm sunny days for happy feelings. And that is not all. The weather can change the way we feel! For example, sunlight helps 6 (we) body to make vitamin D (维生素D). Last winter, lots of people 7 (be) sad with little sunlight. When it is too hot, some people get angry easily. Now scientists 8 (study) how the weather changes the way people feel and act. Many people stay inside most of the time these days. It’s important 9 (go) out in all kinds of weather, rain 10 shine! 6 / 8乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $暑假 · 重难点突破 专题03名词&代词 新八年级英语 语法突破（新教材译林版） 1. 熟悉“名词&代词”用法 2. 掌握“名词&代词”解题技巧 3. 轻松驾驭“名词&代词”真题 模块一 名词所有格（学习目标 1：熟悉基础用法） 分类 具体规则 适用场景 高频易错点 1. 单数名词所有格 单数人名 / 动物名词后加 ’s Lily’s bag 莉莉的书包 人、动物所属关系 无生命物体误用 ’s，改用 of 2. 复数名词所有格 以 s 结尾复数名词只加 ’ boys’ room 男生房间 复数人群物品 复数名词漏写 s 直接加’s 3. 特殊共有所有格 两人共有，只在最后名词加 ’s Lily and Lucy’s room 两人共有的房间 多人共用物品 各自拥有时两个名词都加’s 4. 无生命所属 物品之间所属用 of 结构 the door of the classroom 教室的门 物品归属 书本、桌子等物品乱用’s 配套例句（附汉语翻译） 1. This is Tom’s pencil. 这是汤姆的铅笔。 2. These are the girls’ books. 这些是女孩们的书。 3. This is the window of the house. 这栋房子的窗户。 模块二 名词所有格（学习目标 2：解题技巧） 分类 解题步骤 判断依据 考场技巧 1. 判断所有者是人 / 动物 人名、动物名词优先 ’s 看到人名直接考虑所有格 单数人名一律加 ’s 2. 判断名词单复数 复数带 s 只加 ’，不带 s 复数加 ’s children’s 孩子们的 不规则复数（children）加 ’s 3. 判断有无生命 桌椅、门窗等物品用 of 翻译 “…… 的” 先看是人还是物 无生命禁用名词所有格’s 模块三 形物代 & 名物代（学习目标 1：熟悉基础用法） 分类 具体规则 适用场景 高频易错点 1. 形容词性物主代词 my/your/his/her/its/our/their 后面必须搭配名词，不能单独使用 名词前修饰 mine 后面多加名词 2. 名词性物主代词 mine/yours/his/hers/its/ours/theirs 后面不加名词，单独指代前文物品 句末单独作表语、宾语 空后有名词误用 mine/hers 配套例句（附汉语翻译） 1. This is her pen. 这是她的钢笔。（形物代 + 名词） 2. This pen is hers. 这支钢笔是她的。（名物代单独用） 模块四 形物代 & 名物代（学习目标 2：解题技巧） 分类 解题步骤 判断依据 1. 看空格后有无名词 后面有名词→形物代（my/your…） 空紧跟名词，必选形容词性物主代词 2. 空格后无名词→名物代（mine/yours…） 单独作主语、表语，只用名词性物主代词 3. 同义转换 my book = mine；your bag = yours 避免重复名词直接用名物代 模块五 不定代词 something /anything/nothing（学习目标 1：熟悉基础用法） 分类 具体规则 适用场景 高频易错点 1.something 某物，用于肯定句；表委婉请求问句也可用 肯定陈述句、礼貌邀请问句 疑问句乱用 something 2.anything 任何事物，否定句、一般疑问句 否定、普通疑问 肯定句乱用 anything 3.nothing 没有东西，本身表否定含义，无需再加 not 陈述句完全否定 nothing+not 双重否定错误 4. 定语后置 形容词修饰不定代词，必须放后面 something interesting 有趣的事 单选、语法填空 interesting 放 something 前面 配套例句（附汉语翻译） 1. I want something to eat. 我想吃点东西。 2. Do you have anything to tell me? 你有什么事要告诉我吗？ 3. There is nothing in the box. 盒子里什么都没有。 模块六 不定代词解题技巧 分类 解题步骤 判断依据 1. 区分句式 肯定句用 something；否定 / 普通疑问句用 anything 看到 not 直接选 anything 2. 完全否定含义 句中无 not，表达 “什么都没有” 用 nothing nothing 自带否定，不再加 not 3. 形容词位置 出现形容词修饰不定代词，一律后置 something good 正确，good something 错误 模块七 综合辨析口诀 人有生命加’s，物品所属用 of； 有名形物代，无名名物代； 肯定 something，疑问否定 anything，完全否定 nothing； 修饰不定代词，形容词放后面。 一、单项选择题（15 小题） 1. This is ________ new desk. ________ is over there. A. my; Your B. my; Yours C. mine; Your D. mine; Yours 答案：B 解析：句意：这是我的新书桌，你的在那边。第一空后有名词 desk，用形容词性物主代词 my；第二空无名词，单独作主语用名词性物主代词 Yours。 2. This is ________ room. They live together. A. Lily and Lucy B. Lily’s and Lucy’s C. Lily and Lucy’s D. Lilys and Lucys 答案：C 解析：句意：这是莉莉和露西共有的房间，她们住在一起。两人共用一间房，只在最后名词加 ’s。 3. —Is there ________ in the box? —No, ________ is inside it. A. something; anything B. anything; nothing C. nothing; anything D. anything; something 答案：B 解析：句意：盒子里有东西吗？没有，里面什么都没有。一般疑问句用 anything；答句表完全否定用 nothing。 4. These ________ bags are on the desk. A. girl B. girls C. girl’s D. girls’ 答案：D 解析：句意：女孩们的书包在桌上。girls 是复数且以 s 结尾，所有格只加 ’。 5. The red skirt is ________. I bought it yesterday. A. me B. my C. mine D. I 答案：C 解析：句意：这条红裙子是我的，我昨天买的。空格后无名词，用名词性物主代词 mine。 6. I have ________ important to tell you. Please listen carefully. A. something B. anything C. everything D. nothing 答案：A 解析：句意：我有重要的事告诉你，请认真听。肯定陈述句用 something，形容词 important 后置。 7. The window ________ the classroom is open now. A. of B. ’s C. for D. to 答案：A 解析：句意：教室的窗户现在开着。window 无生命，所属关系用 of 结构，不能用’s。 8. —Can I have ________ to drink? —Sure, here is some water. A. anything B. nothing C. something D. everything 答案：C 解析：句意：能给我来点喝的吗？委婉请求的疑问句用 something。 9. That blue bike is ________. A. his B. he C. him D. he’s 答案：A 解析：句意：那辆蓝色自行车是他的。无名词，名词性物主代词 his 可单独使用。 10. There is ________ wrong with my watch. It doesn’t work. A. nothing B. something C. anything D. everything 答案：B 解析：句意：我的手表出了点问题，不走了。肯定句表 “某事” 用 something。 11. Those are the ________ books. A. child B. childs C. children’s D. children 答案：C 解析：句意：那些是孩子们的书。children 是不规则复数名词，所有格加 ’s。 12. —Is ________ here today? —Yes, no one is absent. A. anybody B. somebody C. everybody D. nobody 答案：C 解析：句意：今天所有人都到齐了吗？是的，没人缺席。everybody 表示每个人、所有人。 13. Her parents’ house is bigger than ________. A. our B. we C. ours D. us 答案：C 解析：句意：她父母的房子比我们的大。ours = our house，无名词用名物代。 14. I looked everywhere but found ________. A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything 答案：C 解析：句意：我到处找，但什么都没找到。表完全否定用 nothing。 15. This new dictionary is ________. A. Tom B. Tom’s C. Toms D. Toms’ 答案：B 解析：句意：这本新词典是汤姆的。单数人名 Tom 后加 ’s 构成所有格。 二、单句语法填空（15 小题，用括号内词适当形式填空） 1. This ruler isn’t mine. It’s ________ (she). 答案：hers 解析：句意：这把尺子不是我的，是她的。空后无名词，用名词性物主代词 hers。 2. This is ________ (Tom and Jack) bedroom. They share it. 答案：Tom and Jack’s 解析：句意：这是汤姆和杰克共用的卧室。两人共有，最后名词加 ’s。 3. There is ________ (something) wrong with my computer. 答案：something 解析：句意：我的电脑出故障了。肯定句用 something。 4. The white coat is my ________ (sister). 答案：sister’s 解析：句意：这件白色外套是我姐姐的。单数名词所有格加 ’s。 5. Is there ________ (anything) interesting in today’s newspaper? 答案：anything 解析：句意：今天报纸上有什么有趣的事吗？一般疑问句用 anything。 6. We love ________ (we) school very much. 答案：our 解析：句意：我们非常热爱我们的学校。空后有名词 school，用形容词性物主代词 our。 7. ________ (child) games are very interesting. 答案：Children’s 解析：句意：孩子们的游戏十分有趣。children 复数所有格，句首大写。 8. He told me ________ (something) important this morning. 答案：something 解析：句意：今早他告诉了我一件重要的事。肯定句不定代词 something。 9. That new ball is ________ (they). 答案：theirs 解析：句意：那个新球是他们的。无名词，名词性物主代词 theirs。 10. The door ________ the room is closed. (填介词 / 所有格符号) 答案：of 解析：句意：房间的门关着。door 无生命，用 of 表所属。 11. There is ________ (nothing) in the box, it’s empty. 答案：nothing 解析：句意：盒子里什么都没有，是空的。完全否定用 nothing。 12. These are the ________ (girl) new desks. 答案：girls’ 解析：句意：这些是女孩们的新书桌。girls 复数 s 结尾，所有格只加 ’。 13. Can I borrow ________ (you) pen? 答案：your 解析：句意：我能借你的钢笔吗？后有名词 pen，形物代 your。 14. I have ________ (something) to ask you. 答案：something 解析：句意：我有件事要问你。肯定陈述句用 something。 15. This book is not mine. It’s ________ (Mike). 答案：Mike’s 解析：句意：这本书不是我的，是迈克的。人名单数所有格 Mike’s。 三、阅读理解 Passage 1 The Great Barrier Reef in Australia is the world’s largest coral reef (珊瑚礁) system. It’s popular for adventure activities, such as diving, swimming and sailing. There are great hotels and restaurants for visitors. The seafood there is very famous. It is facing many problems. Pollution, overfishing and too many visits have all caused danger to the reef. However, global warming is the biggest danger to them because corals will turn white and die because of warmer seawater. They are disappearing. You mustn’t touch them. The Amazon rainforest in Brazil is home to many wild animals. However, this great forest is crying for help now. It is facing serious problems. Over the past 50 years, 17% of the Amazon rainforest has disappeared because of human activities, such as fishing, mining (采矿), cutting down trees and other development activities. More environmental groups (环保群体) call on people to stop destroying the rainforest and take practical (实际的) steps to save it. The Arctic sea ice is an important home for polar bears. They depend on thick ice to hunt seals for food. In recent years, rising temperatures make much sea ice melt earlier every spring. Many baby polar bears starve because they can’t get enough food. Besides, less ice changes the ocean’s environment, bringing trouble to lots of small sea lives. Scientists warn (警告) that if warming goes on, polar bears may disappear in the future. Urban wetlands (城市湿地) are called “the city’s natural water filters (过滤器)”. They can clean dirty rainwater and make the air fresher. Lots of birds and small frogs choose to live here. But some cities fill wetland to build new houses. More waste water is poured (倾倒) into wetlands without cleaning. Now many wetland areas become smaller and dirtier, and local wild animals lose their homes. More people start to protect wetlands by making strict environmental rules these days. 1．What can’t you do if you go to the Great Barrier? A．Enjoy delicious seafood. B．Do some water sports. C．Have a good rest in great hotels. D．Touch corals by hand. 2．What does the underlined word “starve” in the third passage mean in Chinese? A．遭受 B．迁徙 C．挨饿 D．死亡 3．What’s the function (功能) of urban wetlands? A．To produce fresh food for people. B．To clean dirty rainwater and fresher air. C．To build lots of comfortable houses. D．To pour all kinds of waste water. 4．From the passage, we can learn that ________. A．overfishing is the top reason for the death of corals in Australia B．nearly one fifth of Amazon rainforest is lost in half a century C．polar bears have already (已经) disappeared because of early ice-melting D．all cities make strict laws to stop wetlands from being polluted (被污染) 5．Where can we most probably read these passages? A．A magazine about nature. B．A traveler’s dairy. C．A storybook for kids. D．A science textbook. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．B 5．A 【导语】本文包含四篇科普短文，分别介绍大堡礁、亚马逊雨林、北极海冰、城市湿地四种自然环境，讲述各类生态面临的污染、气候变暖等危机，呼吁人们保护自然生态。 【详解】1．文中“You mustn’t touch them.”，原文表明禁止触碰珊瑚。 2．文中“Many baby polar bears starve because they can’t get enough food.”指出，小熊因缺少食物挨饿，starve意为“挨饿”。 3．文中“They can clean dirty rainwater and make city air fresher.”表明，城市湿地的功能是净化雨水、清新空气。 4．文中“Over the past 50 years, 17% of the Amazon rainforest has disappeared”表明，17%接近五分之一。 5．四篇文章均围绕自然生态、动植物与环境保护展开，内容偏向自然科普，最可能出自自然杂志。 Passage 2 Do you know that animals can help people in many ways? Some animals are our friends and helpers. Dogs are the most common helper animals. They can guide (引导) blind people to walk safely on the street. They can also help people who cannot hear sounds. These special dogs are called guide dogs. They are trained (训练) to help their owners in different situations (情况). Cats are good at catching mice. On farms, cats help protect grain (谷物) by keeping mice away. At home, they can make people feel relaxed. Studies show that watching cats can lower (降低) people’s stress (压力) levels. Horses can carry heavy things and help farmers work in the field. In some places, horses are still used for transportation (交通). They can also help children with special needs. Riding horses can be a kind of therapy (疗法) for them. Dolphins are known for their intelligence (智力). They can help doctors work with sick children. Swimming with dolphins can make the children feel happy and relaxed. We should protect animals and never hurt them. They are our friends on this planet (星球). 1. What can guide dogs help blind people do? A．Catch mice. B．Lower stress levels. C．Walk safely. D．Do therapy. 2. The underlined word “they” in Paragraph 3 refers to (指的是) ________. A．mice B．cats C．grain D．farms 3. How can horses help children with special needs? A．By carrying heavy things. B．By working in the field. C．By being used for training. D．By riding as a kind of therapy. 4. What is the main idea of the last paragraph? A．Animals are useful. B．We should protect animals. C．Animals are our family. D．We should never hurt dogs. 5. Which of the following best shows the structure (结构) of the passage? A． B．C． D． 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. D 4. B 5. A 【导语】本文介绍了狗、猫、马和海豚如何帮助人类，并呼吁保护动物。 【详解】1. 第二段指出：“They can guide blind people to walk safely on the street.”，说明导盲犬帮助盲人安全行走。 2. 第三段中“they”所在句为：“At home, they can make people feel relaxed”，结合前文“Cats are good at catching mice. On farms, cats...”，说明“they”指代“cats”。 3. 第四段指出：“Riding horses can be a kind of therapy for them.”，说明骑马是一种疗法。 4. 最后一段指出：“We should protect animals and never hurt them.”，说明我们应该保护动物。 5. 文章结构为：第一段总起，第二至五段分别介绍四种动物，第六段总结，符合“总——分——总”结构。 四、短文填空 Passage 3 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 On a warm spring day, the sun shone brightly. Tom sat under a tree 1 began writing his diary. He wrote, “Today, my friends and I 2 (explore) the forest. Deep in the woods, we discovered a very old tree whose 3 (branch) seemed like pages of history, and it was telling stories of the past.” Tom’s grandfather 4 (teach) him how to find out the age of trees by their rings. He touched the bark, feeling the passage of time through nature. After 5 day’s adventure (冒险), they filled their backpacks with fresh flowers and seeds (种子). Back home, Tom used these seeds 6 (plant) a small garden. He knew they would grow up under the sun and rain. 7 (final), he wrote about his day’s experiences happily. He believed these seeds of nature would bring 8 (he) more surprises in the future. On the last page of his diary, Tom noted, “Today, I not only used my eyes to see but also my heart to feel.” He closed the diary, looking forward 9 his next forest adventure. He realized a common truth: every small seed 10 (grow) well with enough water and sunshine. 【答案】 1. and 2. explored 3. branches 4. taught 5. a 6. to plant 7. Finally 8. him 9. to 10. grows 【导语】本文讲述了汤姆在春日和伙伴探索森林，发现古树、收集种子，回家后种下小花园，把这段自然冒险的经历写进日记，期待种子未来带来惊喜，也领悟到小种子有了充足的阳光雨露就能好好成长的故事。 【详解】1. 句意：汤姆坐在一棵树下，开始写日记。空前后是两个顺承发生的动作，用并列连词and连接。 2. 句意：今天，我和朋友们去森林探险了。全文整体为一般过去时，讲述当天发生过的事，explore变为过去式explored。 3. 句意：在树林深处，我们发现了一棵非常古老的树，它的树枝仿佛是历史的篇章，讲述着过去的故事。branch是可数名词，树有很多树枝，用复数形式branches。 4. 句意：汤姆的爷爷教过他如何通过年轮判断树的年龄。动作发生在过去，用一般过去时，teach的过去式为taught。 5. 句意：一天的冒险结束后，他们在背包里装满了鲜花和种子。day是以辅音音素开头的单数名词，表示“一”用不定冠词a。 6. 句意：回到家，汤姆用这些种子种了一个小花园。固定搭配use sth. to do sth.“用某物做某事”，填不定式to plant。 7. 句意：最后，他开心地写下了一天的经历。此处修饰整个句子，要用final的副词形式finally，句首首字母大写。 8. 句意：他相信这些大自然的种子未来会给他带来更多惊喜。bring是动词，后接人称代词宾格，he的宾格是him。 9. 句意：他合上日记本，期待下一次森林探险。固定短语look forward to“期待”，介词to不可省略。 10. 句意：他意识到一个普遍的道理：每颗小种子只要有充足的水和阳光，都能茁壮成长。冒号后是客观真理，用一般现在时；主语“every small seed”为单数，谓语动词用三单形式grows。 阅读下面短文，在空格内填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 Passage 4 Do you know how weather affects our lives? Well, it affects where we go, what we do, and what we wear. And it also affects how we feel and act. It is 1 big part of our lives! We often use weather language to talk 2 how we feel. For example, if we are feeling ill, we say we are “under the weather”. If we are feeling tired and have too many 3 (thing) to do, we can say that we are “snowed under”. We use bad weather like 4 (rain) days to describe (描述) a bad feeling, and we 5 (usual) use warm sunny days for happy feelings. And that is not all. The weather can change the way we feel! For example, sunlight helps 6 (we) body to make vitamin D (维生素D). Last winter, lots of people 7 (be) sad with little sunlight. When it is too hot, some people get angry easily. Now scientists 8 (study) how the weather changes the way people feel and act. Many people stay inside most of the time these days. It’s important 9 (go) out in all kinds of weather, rain 10 shine! 【答案】 1. a 2. about 3. things 4. rainy 5. usually 6. our 7. were 8. are studying 9. to go 10. or 【导语】本文介绍了天气对人类生活、情绪表达以及情绪本身的影响，呼吁人们无论何种天气都要多出门活动。 【详解】1. 句意：它是我们生活中很重要的一部分。此处泛指“我们生活的一大重要组成部分”，“big”以辅音音素开头，因此用不定冠词a。 2. 句意：我们经常用和天气相关的习语来表达感受。talk about是固定短语，意为“谈论”，符合下文表示“用天气相关的语言谈论感受”的例子。 3. 句意：如果我们疲惫不堪，还有一大堆事要做，就可以说自己“忙得不可开交”。“many”修饰可数名词复数，因此用thing的复数形式things。 4. 句意：我们用雨天这类坏天气形容坏情绪，通常用温暖的晴天形容好心情。此处需要形容词修饰名词“days”，rain的形容词形式是rainy，符合要求。 5. 句意：我们用雨天这类坏天气形容坏情绪，通常用温暖的晴天形容好心情。此处需要副词修饰动词“use”，usual的副词形式是usually。 6. 句意：例如，阳光可以帮助我们的身体合成维生素D。此处需要形容词性物主代词修饰名词“body”，we的形容词性物主代词是our，符合语义。 7. 句意：去年冬天因为日照少，很多人都心情低落。时间状语为“Last winter”，要用一般过去时，主语“lots of people”是复数，因此be动词用were。 8. 句意：如今科学家们正在研究天气如何改变人们的情绪和行为模式。标志词“Now”表示当前正在进行的研究，用现在进行时，主语“scientists”是复数，因此填are studying。 9. 句意：其实不管晴雨，出门走走对我们来说很重要！此处使用句型It’s +形容词+ to do sth.，“It”是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式，因此填to go。 10. 句意：其实不管晴雨，出门走走对我们来说很重要！此处表示选择关系，固定表达rain or shine意为“无论晴雨”，因此用连词or。 9 / 14乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $