Unit 1 Water（复习讲义）英语新教材沪教版五四学制八年级上册

该初中英语Unit 1 Water复习讲义通过表格梳理、分类归纳构建知识体系，涵盖地球水资源分布等三大场景词汇、时间状语从句与复合不定代词两大核心语法、提建议等交际句型及节水主题写作，用对比表格明确语法重难点，如when/while/as场景区分和复合不定代词三考点，呈现清晰知识脉络。 讲义亮点在于分层练习设计与核心素养融合，通过单词拼写、语法单句填空到短文写作的梯度题型，结合“主将从现”等语法规则训练思维品质，写作专题提供“叙事+观点”框架及高分句型提升语言能力，环保素材积累培养文化意识，助力不同学生掌握方法，支持自主复习与教师精准教学。

Unit 1 Water（复习讲义) 复习要点 1. 掌握地球水资源分布、沙漠取水、校园节水三大场景词汇、短语、功能句型； 2. 吃透两大核心语法：①时间状语从句（when/while/as/before/after/until/as soon as/since/by the time）；②不定代词（some-/any-/no-/every - 复合不定代词）； 3. 熟练运用提建议、赞同 / 反对、描述经历、发表环保观点交际句型； 4. 能完成节水主题短文写作，理清叙事 + 观点表达逻辑； 5.树立水资源保护意识，积累环保类写作素材。 复习重难点 重点： 时间状语从句时态规则：主将从现、主过从过、since/by the time 固定时态搭配； when/while/as 三者场景区分；not…until 倒装与强调句型； 复合不定代词三考点：形容词后置、主谓一致、不定式后置； 水资源主题固定搭配、写作万能句型。 难点： while 仅接延续性动词的易错判断； 时间状语从句省略主语简化结构； 不定代词 something/anything/nobody 在否定、疑问、肯定句的区分 单元考点：单词、短语、句型 知识点1：How much water do we need to take in every day? 我们每天需要摄入多少水？ 【详解】 (1) How much 是一个疑问短语，用于对不可数名词的量进行提问。water 是不可数名词，所以用 How much 来提问。对于可数名词的数量，用 How many 提问。 (2) need 表示 “需要”，need to do sth. 需要做某事。 【例句】I need to finish my homework before dinner. 我需要在晚饭前完成我的家庭作业。 (3) take in 表示 “摄入；吸收”，take in water 摄入水。 【例句】We need to take in enough fresh air to keep healthy. 我们需要吸入足够的新鲜空气来保持健康。 知识点2： Most of the fresh water we can reach is polluted, leaving only about 3% for people to drink. 我们能够获取的大部分淡水都被污染了，只剩下大约 3% 的水可供人们饮用。 【详解】 (1) 在本句中，定语从句 we can reach 省略了关系代词 that，修饰先行词 fresh water，表示 “我们能够获取的淡水”。 原句相当于：Most of the fresh water that we can reach is polluted… (2) leaving only about 3% for people to drink 是现在分词短语作结果状语。分词短语通常用逗号与主句隔开，强调主句动作带来的自然结果，原句相当于：…and this leaves only about 3% for people to drink. 知识点3： In supporting life, I take great pride. 在滋养生命方面，我深感自豪。 【详解】 (1) in + 动名词短语 (supporting life) 作方式状语，表示 “在…… 方面”。原句将 “in supporting life” 置于句首，属于状语前置，目的是强调 “滋养生命” 这一行为或领域，正常语序为：I take great pride in supporting life. (2) take pride in + 名词 / 代词 / 动名词，表示 “对…… 感到自豪 / 骄傲”，强调因某事物或某行为而产生的积极情感。 【例句】She takes great pride in her students' progress. 她为学生们的进步深感自豪。 【辨析】take pride in 与 be proud of 两者可互换，但 take pride in 更强调 “(主动) 以…… 为傲” 的行为，be proud of 更侧重 “处于自豪的状态”。动词短语 take pride in 可用于各种时态，而形容词短语 be proud of 需借助 be 动词变形。 【例句】She takes pride in her artwork. 她为自己的艺术作品感到自豪。 【例句】She is proud of her artwork. 她为自己的艺术作品感到自豪。(含义与前者几乎一致，但更侧重状态，语气更口语化。) 知识点4： Shall we talk about how useful water is? 我们谈谈水多么有用怎么样？ 【详解】 （1）以情态动词 Shall 开头，提出建议或请求，属于提建议的疑问句。 表示建议的句型：Shall we +do…? 用于第一人称 (we)，委婉提议共同做某事，语气轻松友好。 【例句】Shall we go for a walk after dinner? 晚饭后我们去散步好吗？ (2) 宾语从句 how useful water is 是由 how 引导的感叹句，作介词 about 的宾语。 辨析 talk about、talk to/with sb. 与 talk over sth. (with sb.) ①talk about 谈论某事 (具体或抽象的话题)。 【例句】We talked about our plans for the summer holiday. 我们谈论了暑假计划。 ②talk to/with sb. 与某人交谈 (to 强调单向交流，with 强调互动)。 【例句】The teacher needs to talk to your parents. 老师需要和你父母谈谈。 ③talk over sth. (with sb.)(与某人) 详细讨论某事 (= discuss sth. thoroughly)。 【例句】Let's talk over the project details with the team. 我们和团队详细讨论项目细节吧。 知识点5： This not only wastes energy but also makes water less safe for drinking. 这不仅浪费能源，还让水变得更不安全，不适合饮用。 【详解】 not only… but also… 不仅…… 而且…… 这是一个并列连词结构，用于连接两个语法地位相同的成分 (如单词、短语或分句)，强调后者的重要性或补充说明前者。 基本结构： 成分 A 和成分 B：必须是同一语法类型 (即词性、结构一致) 并列主语：Not only John but also Mary likes reading. (名词) 并列谓语：She not only sings but also dances. (动词) 并列句子：Not only did he finish the work, but also he helped others. (分句) 注意：①not only 位于句首时，其所在分句要用倒装语序，but also 部分不倒装。②not only… but also… 连接两个主语时，谓语动词要与 but also 后面的主语保持一致，即 “就近原则”。 知识点6：Keeping my eyes shut, I carefully rub the soap into my hair and skin until every drop of water is fully used. 我闭着眼睛，仔细地把肥皂揉进头发和皮肤里，直到每一滴水都用尽。 【详解】 (1)“Keeping my eyes shut” 描述主句动作 (rub the soap) 发生时的伴随状态 (“闭着眼睛”)。逻辑主语：与主句主语 “I” 一致，即动作由 “我” 主动发出。现在分词 keeping 表示主动关系 (“我保持眼睛闭着”)。my eyes 是 keeping 的宾语，shut 是形容词作宾语补足语 (补充说明眼睛的状态)。 (2) until 引导的时间状语从句： ①主句若为肯定句，谓语需为延续性动词 (如：rub，wait，work)，表示动作持续到从句动作发生为止。 ②主句若为否定句，常用 “not…until…” 结构，意为 “直到…… 才……”。 【例句】I didn't leave until he arrived. 直到他来我才离开。 知识点7： Mum used to bathe my sister and me with just one cup of water when we were small. 小时候，妈妈只用一杯水给我和姐姐洗澡。 【详解】 (1) used to do sth. 过去常常做某事，be used to do sth. 被用来做某事，be used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事。 【例句】Wood is used to make furniture. 木材被用来制作家具。 【例句】She is used to living in the city. 她习惯了住在城市。 (2) 并列宾语 my sister and me 中，me 是宾格 (动词 bathe 的宾语)，不能用主格 “I”。 【例句】He invited Lily and me to the party. (√宾格正确) He invited Lily and I to the party. (× 主格错误) 单元语法：动词不定式 语法 1：时间状语从句 一、基础定义 在复合句中，修饰主句、表示主句动作发生时间的从句叫时间状语从句；引导词：when /while/as /before/after /until/as soon as /since/by the time。 二、引导词细分 + 动词限制 + 例句 + 易错警示 when 当…… 时 ① 可接短暂性动词（动作先后发生）：When the bell rang, we ran out. ② 可接延续性动词（同步发生）：When I wash hands, I turn off the tap. ③ 主句延续动作 + when 短暂动作（译为 “这时”）：I was reading when my mum came back. ⚠易错：短暂动词（ring/arrive/stop）只能用 when，不能用 while/as。 while 正当…… 时 ① 从句只能接延续性动词，主从句动作同步持续；常搭配过去进行时。 例句：While my dad was fixing the tap, I collected grey water. ② 表对比，译为 “然而”：Some save water while others waste it. ⚠易错：While the rain stopped ❌ → When the rain stopped ✔ as 一边…… 一边；随着 ① 同步交替动作：As I walked, I thought about water shortage. ② 随着（环境、时间缓慢变化）：As summer comes, we use more water. ⚠不接瞬间短暂动词。 before 在…… 之前 固定句型： ① It will be + 时间段 + before… 还要过多久才…… It will be one month before we finish the water survey. ② It won’t be long before… 不久就会…… It won’t be long before everyone learns to save water. ③ It was + 时间段 + before… 过了多久才…… It was two hours before we found the leaking tap. after 在…… 之后 主句将来时，从句一般现在时（主将从现）：I will clean the river after school ends. until /till ① 肯定句：主句动词必须是延续性动词，until 译为 “直到” I will wait until you finish your presentation. ② 否定句 not…until 直到…… 才（所有动词通用） I didn’t stop washing until all grey water was reused. ③ 区别：until 可放句首、用于倒装；till 只能放句中。 倒装：Not until he fixed the tap did he leave. 强调句型：It was not until midnight that I finished the report. as soon as 一…… 就…… 时态规则：主将从现、主过从过 I will tell you the facts as soon as class begins. He jumped happily as soon as he heard the news yesterday. since 自从 时态固定搭配：since 从句用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时 We have learned water knowledge since we came to this school. by the time 到…… 为止 时态固定搭配：by the time 从句一般过去时，主句过去完成时（had done） By the time the presentation started, we had prepared all materials. 三、通用时态三大黄金规则（必背） 主将从现：主句一般将来时 / 含情态动词，从句一般现在时 You can’t go out until you turn off all taps. 主过从过：主句为任意过去时态，从句匹配对应过去时态 While she was cooking, she reused vegetable water. 主现完，从一过：since 专用时态搭配（单独记忆） 四、时间状语从句简化 适用条件：主句、从句主语完全一致；从句为进行时 结构：引导词 + doing 原句：While I was waiting for water, I saw a dripping tap. 简化：While waiting for water, I saw a dripping tap. 语法 2：复合不定代词 一、分类表格 前缀 指人 指物 使用场景 some- somebody / someone something 肯定句，表 “某一” any- anybody / anyone anything 否定句、疑问句，表 “任何” no- nobody / no one nothing 本身表否定，无需再加 not every- everybody / everyone everything 所有人 / 所有事物，单数概念 二、三大核心考点 1.形容词后置修饰 adj 必须放在不定代词后面：something valuable 珍贵的东西 错误：valuable something ❌ 2.主谓一致：所有复合不定代词作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数 Everyone knows water is limited. Nothing is more important than fresh water. 3.后置不定式：不定代词后可接 to do 作后置定语 I have something to talk about water waste. 三、易错区分 1. something vs anything 肯定句用 something；疑问、否定句用 anything I have something to share. Do you have anything to say? 2. nobody vs nothing nobody 指人；nothing 指事物 Nobody is wasting water. Nothing can live without water. 单元写作专题：节约用水 写作主题：Save Every Drop of Water 写作框架（三段式） 1. 开头：点明水资源珍贵，淡水资源稀缺 2. 中间：列举生活浪费水现象 + 个人节水做法 3. 结尾：呼吁大家共同节水 高分句型储备 1. Water is necessary for all living things. 2. Lots of people waste water without realizing it. 3. We can reuse grey water to water plants. 4. It’s our duty to protect limited fresh water. 5. If everyone saves water, our world will be better. 满分范文赏析 Save Every Drop of Water Water is very precious for humans, animals and plants. However, much fresh water is polluted and wasted every day. Some people leave taps running while brushing teeth, which wastes plenty of water. I have some good habits to save water. I always turn off taps tightly after use. I also keep water from washing vegetables to water my small flowers. Water is nature’s great gift. Let’s take small actions to save every drop of water together. 满分 100 分 时间 30 分钟 一、单词拼写（每空 2 分，共 20 分） 根据中文提示写出单词，注意词形变化 1. We need three ________ (升) of fresh water for the desert trip. 2. Many ________ (工厂) pour harmful chemicals into rivers every year. 3. The water in the sea is too ________ (咸的) for humans to drink. 4. Scientists do much ________ (研究) on ways to save water. 5. Clean fresh water on Earth is very ________ (有限的). 6. We should raise public ________ (意识) of protecting water resources. 7. Every ________ (水滴) of water is precious in dry areas. 8. We need to ________ (传播) water-saving knowledge to more students. 9. This ________ (棉) shirt uses lots of water to produce. 10. Water is the most ________ (珍贵的) natural resource for all living things. 答案解析 1. litres 解析：litre 可数名词，three 后用复数形式。 2. factories 解析：factory 以 “辅音字母 + y” 结尾，变复数 y 变 i+es；many 后接可数名词复数。 3. salty 解析：be 动词后用形容词作表语，salt 名词→salty 形容词 “咸的”。 4. research 解析：research 表 “研究” 为不可数名词，无复数。 5. limited 解析：形容词作表语，limit 动词→limited 形容词 “有限的”。 6. awareness 解析：public 形容词后接名词，awareness “意识”，固定搭配 raise awareness。 7. drop 解析：every 后接可数名词单数，a drop of water 一滴水。 8. spread 解析：need to do sth. 不定式后用动词原形，spread “传播”。 9. cotton 解析：cotton 棉花，不可数名词，直接修饰 shirt。 10. precious 解析：the most 后接形容词原形，构成最高级，precious 珍贵的。 二、语法单句填空（每空 2 分，共 20 分） 用括号内词的正确形式或填入合适引导词 1. While my sister ________ (wash) dishes last night, I collected grey water. 2. Everyone ________ (know) we must protect limited fresh water. 3. It ________ (take) plenty of water to make a hamburger every day. 4. We ________ (not leave) the river until we clean all rubbish later. 5. He ________ (do) research on water pollution since last summer. 6. ________ (walk) to the water hole, we saw many dry plants in the desert. 7. I will share water tips ________ I finish my class presentation. 8. ________ my mum was fixing the tap, my dad watered flowers. 9. There is ________ interesting in the book about water protection.（肯定句） 10. Not until he fixed the tap ________ he go home yesterday. 答案解析 1. was washing 解析：while 引导过去同步进行动作，主句过去时，从句用过去进行时。 2. knows 解析：everyone 复合不定代词作主语，谓语动词三单。 3. takes 解析：固定句型 It takes…to do，every day 为一般现在时，it 三单。 4. won’t leave 解析：until 引导时间状语从句，later 表将来，遵循主将从现，主句将来否定。 5. has done 解析：since + 过去时间，主句用现在完成时 have/has done；he 三单。 6. Walking 解析：从句与主句主语一致，省略主语 + be 动词，用现在分词简化。 7. as soon as 解析：句意 “我一完成汇报就分享节水技巧”，as soon as 一…… 就。 8. While 解析：主从句均为长动作同步进行，用 while 引导延续性动作。 9. something 解析：肯定句，修饰不定代词 interesting 后置，something interesting 有趣的内容。 10. did 解析：Not until 放句首，主句部分倒装；yesterday 过去时，加助动词 did，动词还原。 三、短文语法填空（每空 2 分，共 20 分） Water is the most precious resource on Earth. It is very ______(1)(limit), so we can’t waste even one ______(2)(drop). Many ______(3)(factory) used to pour harmful ______(4)(chemical) into rivers. Now cities build wastewater ______(5)(treat) systems. ______(6) I walk outside every morning, I always check if taps are dripping. While I ______(7)(wash) vegetables, I collect grey water to water flowers. I have done this ______(8) I learned water facts at school. Everyone ______(9)(need) to protect water. ______(10) we work together, we can save lots of fresh water for the future. 【答案】1. limited 2. drop 3. factories 4. chemicals 5. treatment 6. When 7. am washing 8. since 9. needs 10. If 四、完成句子（每空 1 分，共 30 分，每小题 3 空） 根据中文意思完成句子，每空限填一词 1. 我们用水越多，产生的废水就越多。 ______ ______ water we use, ______ ______ wastewater we produce. 2. 我一到家就会检查所有水龙头。 I will check all taps ______ ______ ______ I get home. 3. 直到爸爸修好漏水的水龙头，我们才离开。 We ______ ______ until Dad ______ the leaking tap. 4. 正当妈妈洗碗时，我收集废水浇花。 ______ Mum ______ dishes, I collected grey water ______ flowers. 5. 自从去年学习水资源知识，我就养成了节水习惯。 I ______ ______ water-saving habits ______ I learned water knowledge last year. 6. 张贴标语可以提高大家的节水意识。 ______ ______ signs can ______ people’s awareness of saving water. 7. 生产一件棉衬衫需要消耗大量淡水。 It ______ lots of fresh water ______ ______ a cotton shirt. 8. 没有人意识到沙漠里每一滴水都十分珍贵。 ______ ______ that every drop of water ______ precious in the desert. 9. 我们不仅要节约水，还要传播节水理念。 We should ______ save water, ______ ______ spread water-saving ideas. 10. 到展示开始时，我们已经收集了全部节水资料。 ______ the presentation began, we ______ ______ all water-saving materials. 参考答案 1. The more; the more 解析：固定句型 The + 比较级，the + 比较级 越…… 越……。 2. as soon as 解析：as soon as 一…… 就，引导时间状语从句。 3. didn’t leave; fixed 解析：not…until 直到…… 才；全句过去时态，fix 过去式 fixed。 4. While; washed; to water 解析：while 正当；主句过去时，从句 wash 变 washed；不定式 to water 表目的。 5. have formed; since 解析：since 从句一般过去时，主句现在完成时 have done；form habits 养成习惯。 6. Putting up; raise 解析：动名词短语作主语 put up 张贴；raise awareness 提升意识。 7. takes; to make 解析：固定句型 It takes sth. to do sth. 做某事消耗……。 8. Nobody realizes; is 解析：nobody 不定代词作主语，谓语三单 realizes；water 不可数，be 动词 is。 9. not only; but also 解析：并列结构 not only…but also… 不仅…… 而且……。 10. By the time; had collected 解析：by the time 引导过去时从句，主句过去完成时 had done。 五、写作（共 10 分） 请以 My Ways to Save Water 为题写短文（60词左右），包含： 1. 淡水资源有限；2. 两种你的节水方法；3. 呼吁同学节水。 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【参考范文】 My Ways to Save Water Fresh water on the Earth is limited, so we can’t waste any drop. I have two easy ways to save water. First, I always turn off the tap tightly while brushing teeth. Second, I reuse the water after washing vegetables to water my small plants. Water is valuable. Let’s take small actions and save water together, my dear classmates! 【详细解析】 [第一步：审题立意] 体裁：议论文（观点 + 个人做法 + 呼吁） 词数要求：60 词左右，范文 62 词符合标准 必须包含三大要点 ①淡水资源有限；②两种个人节水方法；③呼吁同学们节水 时态规划 客观事实（水资源有限）：一般现在时 个人日常节水习惯：一般现在时 结尾呼吁：祈使句（let’s） 写作基调：简洁、积极、贴合八年级单元词汇，无超纲表达 [第二步：构思布局（三段式短结构） 段落 功能 写作内容规划 第 1 段（1 句） 开篇点题 点明核心事实：地球上淡水资源有限，不能浪费 第 2 段（2 句） 主体核心 分 First/Second 列举两种具体节水方法，清晰有条理 第 3 段（1 句） 结尾升华 点明水很珍贵，发出呼吁，号召全体同学一起节水 [第三步：要点展开（逐点对应原文） 要点 1：淡水资源有限 原句：Fresh water on the Earth is limited, so we can’t waste any drop. 用词解析：limited（单元核心单词，有限的），any drop 每一滴水，用 so 连接因果，逻辑通顺。 要点 2：两种节水方法（分点清晰，不重复） ①方法一：刷牙时拧紧水龙头 原句：I always turn off the tap tightly while brushing teeth. 语法亮点：while + 现在分词简化时间状语从句（本单元重点语法） ②方法二：洗菜水二次利用浇花 原句：Second, I reuse the water after washing vegetables to water my small plants. 用词：reuse water 循环用水；to water 不定式表目的，单元高频句型。 要点 3：呼吁同学节水 原句：Water is valuable. Let’s take small actions and save water together, my dear classmates! 亮点句型：Let’s 祈使句发出呼吁，贴合写作要求，紧扣对象 “classmates”。 加分词句积累（单元课内词汇，可替换使用） 必备单词：limited adj. 有限的；precious/valuable adj. 珍贵的 节水短语：turn off the tap 关水龙头；reuse grey water 循环废水 连接词：First; Second 分点清晰；so 表因果 万能呼吁句：Let’s save every drop of water together. 6 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 27 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 1 Water（复习讲义) 复习要点 1. 掌握地球水资源分布、沙漠取水、校园节水三大场景词汇、短语、功能句型； 2. 吃透两大核心语法：①时间状语从句（when/while/as/before/after/until/as soon as/since/by the time）；②不定代词（some-/any-/no-/every - 复合不定代词）； 3. 熟练运用提建议、赞同 / 反对、描述经历、发表环保观点交际句型； 4. 能完成节水主题短文写作，理清叙事 + 观点表达逻辑； 5.树立水资源保护意识，积累环保类写作素材。 复习重难点 重点： 时间状语从句时态规则：主将从现、主过从过、since/by the time 固定时态搭配； when/while/as 三者场景区分；not…until 倒装与强调句型； 复合不定代词三考点：形容词后置、主谓一致、不定式后置； 水资源主题固定搭配、写作万能句型。 难点： while 仅接延续性动词的易错判断； 时间状语从句省略主语简化结构； 不定代词 something/anything/nobody 在否定、疑问、肯定句的区分 单元考点：单词、短语、句型 知识点1：How much water do we need to take in every day? 我们每天需要摄入多少水？ 【详解】 (1) How much 是一个疑问短语，用于对不可数名词的量进行提问。water 是不可数名词，所以用 How much 来提问。对于可数名词的数量，用 How many 提问。 (2) need 表示 “需要”，need to do sth. 需要做某事。 【例句】I need to finish my homework before dinner. 我需要在晚饭前完成我的家庭作业。 (3) take in 表示 “摄入；吸收”，take in water 摄入水。 【例句】We need to take in enough fresh air to keep healthy. 我们需要吸入足够的新鲜空气来保持健康。 知识点2： Most of the fresh water we can reach is polluted, leaving only about 3% for people to drink. 我们能够获取的大部分淡水都被污染了，只剩下大约 3% 的水可供人们饮用。 【详解】 (1) 在本句中，定语从句 we can reach 省略了关系代词 that，修饰先行词 fresh water，表示 “我们能够获取的淡水”。 原句相当于：Most of the fresh water that we can reach is polluted… (2) leaving only about 3% for people to drink 是现在分词短语作结果状语。分词短语通常用逗号与主句隔开，强调主句动作带来的自然结果，原句相当于：…and this leaves only about 3% for people to drink. 知识点3： In supporting life, I take great pride. 在滋养生命方面，我深感自豪。 【详解】 (1) in + 动名词短语 (supporting life) 作方式状语，表示 “在…… 方面”。原句将 “in supporting life” 置于句首，属于状语前置，目的是强调 “滋养生命” 这一行为或领域，正常语序为：I take great pride in supporting life. (2) take pride in + 名词 / 代词 / 动名词，表示 “对…… 感到自豪 / 骄傲”，强调因某事物或某行为而产生的积极情感。 【例句】She takes great pride in her students' progress. 她为学生们的进步深感自豪。 【辨析】take pride in 与 be proud of 两者可互换，但 take pride in 更强调 “(主动) 以…… 为傲” 的行为，be proud of 更侧重 “处于自豪的状态”。动词短语 take pride in 可用于各种时态，而形容词短语 be proud of 需借助 be 动词变形。 【例句】She takes pride in her artwork. 她为自己的艺术作品感到自豪。 【例句】She is proud of her artwork. 她为自己的艺术作品感到自豪。(含义与前者几乎一致，但更侧重状态，语气更口语化。) 知识点4： Shall we talk about how useful water is? 我们谈谈水多么有用怎么样？ 【详解】 （1）以情态动词 Shall 开头，提出建议或请求，属于提建议的疑问句。 表示建议的句型：Shall we +do…? 用于第一人称 (we)，委婉提议共同做某事，语气轻松友好。 【例句】Shall we go for a walk after dinner? 晚饭后我们去散步好吗？ (2) 宾语从句 how useful water is 是由 how 引导的感叹句，作介词 about 的宾语。 辨析 talk about、talk to/with sb. 与 talk over sth. (with sb.) ①talk about 谈论某事 (具体或抽象的话题)。 【例句】We talked about our plans for the summer holiday. 我们谈论了暑假计划。 ②talk to/with sb. 与某人交谈 (to 强调单向交流，with 强调互动)。 【例句】The teacher needs to talk to your parents. 老师需要和你父母谈谈。 ③talk over sth. (with sb.)(与某人) 详细讨论某事 (= discuss sth. thoroughly)。 【例句】Let's talk over the project details with the team. 我们和团队详细讨论项目细节吧。 知识点5： This not only wastes energy but also makes water less safe for drinking. 这不仅浪费能源，还让水变得更不安全，不适合饮用。 【详解】 not only… but also… 不仅…… 而且…… 这是一个并列连词结构，用于连接两个语法地位相同的成分 (如单词、短语或分句)，强调后者的重要性或补充说明前者。 基本结构： 成分 A 和成分 B：必须是同一语法类型 (即词性、结构一致) 并列主语：Not only John but also Mary likes reading. (名词) 并列谓语：She not only sings but also dances. (动词) 并列句子：Not only did he finish the work, but also he helped others. (分句) 注意：①not only 位于句首时，其所在分句要用倒装语序，but also 部分不倒装。②not only… but also… 连接两个主语时，谓语动词要与 but also 后面的主语保持一致，即 “就近原则”。 知识点6：Keeping my eyes shut, I carefully rub the soap into my hair and skin until every drop of water is fully used. 我闭着眼睛，仔细地把肥皂揉进头发和皮肤里，直到每一滴水都用尽。 【详解】 (1)“Keeping my eyes shut” 描述主句动作 (rub the soap) 发生时的伴随状态 (“闭着眼睛”)。逻辑主语：与主句主语 “I” 一致，即动作由 “我” 主动发出。现在分词 keeping 表示主动关系 (“我保持眼睛闭着”)。my eyes 是 keeping 的宾语，shut 是形容词作宾语补足语 (补充说明眼睛的状态)。 (2) until 引导的时间状语从句： ①主句若为肯定句，谓语需为延续性动词 (如：rub，wait，work)，表示动作持续到从句动作发生为止。 ②主句若为否定句，常用 “not…until…” 结构，意为 “直到…… 才……”。 【例句】I didn't leave until he arrived. 直到他来我才离开。 知识点7： Mum used to bathe my sister and me with just one cup of water when we were small. 小时候，妈妈只用一杯水给我和姐姐洗澡。 【详解】 (1) used to do sth. 过去常常做某事，be used to do sth. 被用来做某事，be used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事。 【例句】Wood is used to make furniture. 木材被用来制作家具。 【例句】She is used to living in the city. 她习惯了住在城市。 (2) 并列宾语 my sister and me 中，me 是宾格 (动词 bathe 的宾语)，不能用主格 “I”。 【例句】He invited Lily and me to the party. (√宾格正确) He invited Lily and I to the party. (× 主格错误) 单元语法：动词不定式 语法 1：时间状语从句 一、基础定义 在复合句中，修饰主句、表示主句动作发生时间的从句叫时间状语从句；引导词：when /while/as /before/after /until/as soon as /since/by the time。 二、引导词细分 + 动词限制 + 例句 + 易错警示 when 当…… 时 ① 可接短暂性动词（动作先后发生）：When the bell rang, we ran out. ② 可接延续性动词（同步发生）：When I wash hands, I turn off the tap. ③ 主句延续动作 + when 短暂动作（译为 “这时”）：I was reading when my mum came back. ⚠易错：短暂动词（ring/arrive/stop）只能用 when，不能用 while/as。 while 正当…… 时 ① 从句只能接延续性动词，主从句动作同步持续；常搭配过去进行时。 例句：While my dad was fixing the tap, I collected grey water. ② 表对比，译为 “然而”：Some save water while others waste it. ⚠易错：While the rain stopped ❌ → When the rain stopped ✔ as 一边…… 一边；随着 ① 同步交替动作：As I walked, I thought about water shortage. ② 随着（环境、时间缓慢变化）：As summer comes, we use more water. ⚠不接瞬间短暂动词。 before 在…… 之前 固定句型： ① It will be + 时间段 + before… 还要过多久才…… It will be one month before we finish the water survey. ② It won’t be long before… 不久就会…… It won’t be long before everyone learns to save water. ③ It was + 时间段 + before… 过了多久才…… It was two hours before we found the leaking tap. after 在…… 之后 主句将来时，从句一般现在时（主将从现）：I will clean the river after school ends. until /till ① 肯定句：主句动词必须是延续性动词，until 译为 “直到” I will wait until you finish your presentation. ② 否定句 not…until 直到…… 才（所有动词通用） I didn’t stop washing until all grey water was reused. ③ 区别：until 可放句首、用于倒装；till 只能放句中。 倒装：Not until he fixed the tap did he leave. 强调句型：It was not until midnight that I finished the report. as soon as 一…… 就…… 时态规则：主将从现、主过从过 I will tell you the facts as soon as class begins. He jumped happily as soon as he heard the news yesterday. since 自从 时态固定搭配：since 从句用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时 We have learned water knowledge since we came to this school. by the time 到…… 为止 时态固定搭配：by the time 从句一般过去时，主句过去完成时（had done） By the time the presentation started, we had prepared all materials. 三、通用时态三大黄金规则（必背） 主将从现：主句一般将来时 / 含情态动词，从句一般现在时 You can’t go out until you turn off all taps. 主过从过：主句为任意过去时态，从句匹配对应过去时态 While she was cooking, she reused vegetable water. 主现完，从一过：since 专用时态搭配（单独记忆） 四、时间状语从句简化 适用条件：主句、从句主语完全一致；从句为进行时 结构：引导词 + doing 原句：While I was waiting for water, I saw a dripping tap. 简化：While waiting for water, I saw a dripping tap. 语法 2：复合不定代词 一、分类表格 前缀 指人 指物 使用场景 some- somebody / someone something 肯定句，表 “某一” any- anybody / anyone anything 否定句、疑问句，表 “任何” no- nobody / no one nothing 本身表否定，无需再加 not every- everybody / everyone everything 所有人 / 所有事物，单数概念 二、三大核心考点 1.形容词后置修饰 adj 必须放在不定代词后面：something valuable 珍贵的东西 错误：valuable something ❌ 2.主谓一致：所有复合不定代词作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数 Everyone knows water is limited. Nothing is more important than fresh water. 3.后置不定式：不定代词后可接 to do 作后置定语 I have something to talk about water waste. 三、易错区分 1. something vs anything 肯定句用 something；疑问、否定句用 anything I have something to share. Do you have anything to say? 2. nobody vs nothing nobody 指人；nothing 指事物 Nobody is wasting water. Nothing can live without water. 单元写作专题：节约用水 写作主题：Save Every Drop of Water 写作框架（三段式） 1. 开头：点明水资源珍贵，淡水资源稀缺 2. 中间：列举生活浪费水现象 + 个人节水做法 3. 结尾：呼吁大家共同节水 高分句型储备 1. Water is necessary for all living things. 2. Lots of people waste water without realizing it. 3. We can reuse grey water to water plants. 4. It’s our duty to protect limited fresh water. 5. If everyone saves water, our world will be better. 满分范文赏析 Save Every Drop of Water Water is very precious for humans, animals and plants. However, much fresh water is polluted and wasted every day. Some people leave taps running while brushing teeth, which wastes plenty of water. I have some good habits to save water. I always turn off taps tightly after use. I also keep water from washing vegetables to water my small flowers. Water is nature’s great gift. Let’s take small actions to save every drop of water together. 满分 100 分 时间 30 分钟 一、单词拼写（每空 2 分，共 20 分） 根据中文提示写出单词，注意词形变化 1. We need three ________ (升) of fresh water for the desert trip. 2. Many ________ (工厂) pour harmful chemicals into rivers every year. 3. The water in the sea is too ________ (咸的) for humans to drink. 4. Scientists do much ________ (研究) on ways to save water. 5. Clean fresh water on Earth is very ________ (有限的). 6. We should raise public ________ (意识) of protecting water resources. 7. Every ________ (水滴) of water is precious in dry areas. 8. We need to ________ (传播) water-saving knowledge to more students. 9. This ________ (棉) shirt uses lots of water to produce. 10. Water is the most ________ (珍贵的) natural resource for all living things. 二、语法单句填空（每空 2 分，共 20 分） 用括号内词的正确形式或填入合适引导词 1. While my sister ________ (wash) dishes last night, I collected grey water. 2. Everyone ________ (know) we must protect limited fresh water. 3. It ________ (take) plenty of water to make a hamburger every day. 4. We ________ (not leave) the river until we clean all rubbish later. 5. He ________ (do) research on water pollution since last summer. 6. ________ (walk) to the water hole, we saw many dry plants in the desert. 7. I will share water tips ________ I finish my class presentation. 8. ________ my mum was fixing the tap, my dad watered flowers. 9. There is ________ interesting in the book about water protection.（肯定句） 10. Not until he fixed the tap ________ he go home yesterday. 三、短文语法填空（每空 2 分，共 20 分） Water is the most precious resource on Earth. It is very ______(1)(limit), so we can’t waste even one ______(2)(drop). Many ______(3)(factory) used to pour harmful ______(4)(chemical) into rivers. Now cities build wastewater ______(5)(treat) systems. ______(6) I walk outside every morning, I always check if taps are dripping. While I ______(7)(wash) vegetables, I collect grey water to water flowers. I have done this ______(8) I learned water facts at school. Everyone ______(9)(need) to protect water. ______(10) we work together, we can save lots of fresh water for the future. 四、完成句子（每空 1 分，共 30 分，每小题 3 空） 根据中文意思完成句子，每空限填一词 1. 我们用水越多，产生的废水就越多。 ______ ______ water we use, ______ ______ wastewater we produce. 2. 我一到家就会检查所有水龙头。 I will check all taps ______ ______ ______ I get home. 3. 直到爸爸修好漏水的水龙头，我们才离开。 We ______ ______ until Dad ______ the leaking tap. 4. 正当妈妈洗碗时，我收集废水浇花。 ______ Mum ______ dishes, I collected grey water ______ flowers. 5. 自从去年学习水资源知识，我就养成了节水习惯。 I ______ ______ water-saving habits ______ I learned water knowledge last year. 6. 张贴标语可以提高大家的节水意识。 ______ ______ signs can ______ people’s awareness of saving water. 7. 生产一件棉衬衫需要消耗大量淡水。 It ______ lots of fresh water ______ ______ a cotton shirt. 8. 没有人意识到沙漠里每一滴水都十分珍贵。 ______ ______ that every drop of water ______ precious in the desert. 9. 我们不仅要节约水，还要传播节水理念。 We should ______ save water, ______ ______ spread water-saving ideas. 10. 到展示开始时，我们已经收集了全部节水资料。 ______ the presentation began, we ______ ______ all water-saving materials. 五、写作（共 10 分） 请以 My Ways to Save Water 为题写短文（60词左右），包含： 1. 淡水资源有限；2. 两种你的节水方法；3. 呼吁同学节水。 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 27 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $