话题综合04 人与社会—历史、社会与文化（综合训练）（北京专用）2027年高考英语一轮复习讲练测

**基本信息** 以“人与社会”为主题，整合完形、语法、阅读、七选五模块，构建从个人认知到社会议题的逻辑链条，渗透语言能力与文化意识。 **综合设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |完形填空|10题（西城一模）|记叙文，考查语境词汇与情感变化|通过个人认知转变，体现思维品质中的辩证思考| |语法填空|10题（石景山/延庆/房山模考）|涵盖动词时态、比较级等语法点，话题涉文化、社会人物、和谐理念|从语言形式到文化内涵，强化语言能力与文化意识| |阅读理解|15题（海淀/大兴/北京模考）|议论文为主，主题含优绩主义、智能手机影响等，考查推理与批判|围绕社会现象展开，提升思维品质中的分析与评价能力| |七选五|5题（顺义一模）|有机农业与传统农业对比，考查篇章逻辑衔接|聚焦现实议题，培养学习能力中的信息整合素养|

话题综合04 人与社会— 历史、社会与文化 （考试时间：60分钟 试卷满分：70分） 一、完形填空 (共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分) 1．A 2．B 3．B 4．D 5．C 6．C 7．A 8．D 9．D 10．A 二、语法填空 (共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分) 11．is highlighted 12．deeper 13．openness 14．who/that 15．To promote 16．successfully 17．have transformed 18．to form 19．lives 20．our 三、阅读理解 (共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，共 30 分) 21．D 22．B 23．A 24．B 25．C 26．D 27．B 28．A 29．C 30．A 31．C 32．C 33．A 34．D 35．B 四、七选五 (共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，共 10 分) 36．F 37．G 38．B 39．A 40．D 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 话题综合04 人与社会— 历史、社会与文化 （考试时间：60分钟 试卷满分：70分） 一、完形填空 (共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分) （2026·北京西城·一模）We are told never to judge a book by its cover, but few of us actually follow that advice. I used to think I had a good 1 on people. Quiet meant cold, and confident meant arrogant (自大的). I was especially sure of this when it came to Marcus Greene, who sat behind me in chemistry class. He was the type of person who never raised his hand and rarely made eye contact. 2 , I assumed he thought he was too good for the rest of us. Distant. Maybe even rude. One day in class, we were paired up for a group project. When the teacher announced our names together, I 3 heavily. He looked over and gave me a small nod. No smile, no greeting, just that. I rolled my eyes. Our first meeting was in the library after school. I expected it to be 4 , maybe even annoying, but to my surprise, Marcus came prepared. He had notes and questions. Not only that, but he even had suggestions for how we could divide the work fairly. I asked “Are you always this 5 ?” He said, “Only when I care about something.” Over the next two weeks, we worked side by side. He wasn’t the person I thought he was. He didn’t look down on others; he was just shy. He didn’t avoid people; he just didn’t know how to 6 . Slowly, I learned more about him. None of that arrogance I’d 7 to him was real. It had been nothing more than my assumption, wrapped up in his silence. The day we presented our project, our teacher praised us for our 8 . I turned to Marcus and said, “I’m glad we got paired up.” He looked down, smiled faintly, and replied, “Me too.” That was the day I realized I was wrong about him. And more importantly, it was the day I realized how easy it is to 9 someone when you don’t bother to look deeper. Since then, I’ve tried to listen more closely, judge more slowly, and give people the 10 to show me who they are. 1．A．read B．focus C．comment D．impression 2．A．Luckily B．Naturally C．Hopefully D．Suddenly 3．A．cried B．sighed C．protested D．sweated 4．A．formal B．smooth C．urgent D．awkward 5．A．relaxed B．critical C．organized D．confident 6．A．hang on B．show off C．reach out D．make up 7．A．assigned B．owed C．explained D．presented 8．A．ambition B．curiosity C．tolerance D．cooperation 9．A．ignore B．describe C．recognize D．misunderstand 10．A．space B．reason C．guidance D．pressure 【答案】 1．A 2．B 3．B 4．D 5．C 6．C 7．A 8．D 9．D 10．A 【导语】文章讲述了作者打破对同学Marcus的刻板印象、学会深入理解他人的经历。 【解析】 1．考查名词。句意：我曾经以为自己很会看人。A. read理解，洞察；B. focus焦点；C. comment评论；D. impression印象。根据下文的“Quiet meant cold, and confident meant arrogant(安静意味着冷漠，自信意味着自大)”可知，作者认为自己很会“看人”。have a good read on sb.为固定搭配，意为“很了解某人”。 2．考查副词。句意：自然而然地，我认为他觉得自己比我们其他人都强。A. Luckily幸运地；B. Naturally自然而然地；C. Hopefully有希望地；D. Suddenly突然地。根据上文的“He was the type of person who never raised his hand and rarely made eye contact (他是那种从不举手也很少眼神交流的人)”可知，作者“自然而然地”认为他自大。 3．考查动词。句意：当老师宣布我们的名字在一起时，我重重地叹了口气。A. cried哭；B. sighed叹气；C. protested抗议；D. sweated出汗。根据上文的“I assumed he thought he was too good for the rest of us (我认为他觉得自己比我们其他人都强)”可知，作者对和Marcus组队感到不满，所以“重重地叹了口气”。 4．考查形容词。句意：我以为会很尴尬，甚至烦人，但令我惊讶的是，Marcus做好了准备。A. formal正式的；B. smooth顺利的；C. urgent紧急的；D. awkward尴尬的。根据下文的递进表达“maybe even annoying”和转折内容“but to my surprise, Marcus came prepared”可知，作者以为和Marcus的第一次会面会很“尴尬”。 5．考查形容词。句意：我问：“你总是这么有条理吗？”A. relaxed放松的；B. critical批评的；C. organized有条理的；D. confident自信的。根据上文的“He had notes and questions. Not only that, but he even had suggestions for how we could divide the work fairly (他有笔记和问题。不仅如此，他甚至对我们如何公平分配工作有建议)”可知，Marcus很“有条理”。 6．考查动词短语。句意：他不是在回避别人；他只是不知道如何主动与人接触。A. hang on坚持；B. show off炫耀；C. reach out主动接触；D. make up编造。根据上文的“He didn’t avoid people (他不是在回避别人)”可知，他只是不知道如何“主动与人接触”。 7．考查动词。句意：我归给他的那些傲慢都不是真的。A. assigned分配，归于；B. owed欠；C. explained解释；D. presented呈现。根据第一段的“I assumed he thought he was too good for the rest of us (我认为他觉得自己比我们其他人都强)”可知，作者把傲慢“归于”Marcus。 8．考查名词。句意：我们展示项目的那天，老师表扬了我们的合作。A. ambition野心；B. curiosity好奇心；C. tolerance宽容；D. cooperation合作。根据上一段的“we worked side by side”可知，老师表扬了我们的“合作”。 9．考查动词。句意：更重要的是，从那天起我意识到，当你不费心去深入了解一个人时，很容易误解他。A. ignore忽视；B. describe描述；C. recognize认出；D. misunderstand误解。根据上文的“I was wrong about him (我错看了他)”可知，作者意识到容易“误解”别人。 10．考查名词。句意：从那以后，我试着更仔细地倾听，更慢地下判断，给人们空间来展示他们是谁。A. space空间；B. reason理由；C. guidance指导；D. pressure压力。根据上文的“listen more closely, judge more slowly (更仔细地倾听，更慢地下判断)”可知，作者给人们“空间”来展示真实的自己。 二、语法填空(共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分) 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 A （2026·北京石景山·一模） The UN observes the Chinese Language Day every year on or around April 20. The contribution of Chinese culture and language 11 (highlight) on this day. Language is a bridge of interaction between nations. As more and more people start to study Chinese, the world will gain an even 12 (deep) understanding of China. On its part, China will also welcome the world with greater 13 (open) to the international community. 【答案】11．is highlighted 12．deeper 13．openness 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了联合国中文日及中文对促进国际交流和中国开放发展的重要意义。 11．考查动词时态和语态。句意：在这一天，中国文化和语言的贡献被突出强调。空处作谓语动词，根据“every year on or around April 20”可知，句子描述经常性、习惯性的动作，应用一般现在时，主语“The contribution of Chinese culture and language”和动词“highlight”之间是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是第三人称单数，be动词用is。故填is highlighted。 12．考查形容词比较级。句意：随着越来越多的人开始学习汉语，世界将对中国有更深入的了解。根据“even”可知，此处指和之前相比，世界将对中国有更深入的了解，空处应用形容词的比较级，作定语修饰名词“understanding”，deep的比较级是deeper。故填deeper。 13．考查名词。句意：中国也将以更大的开放姿态欢迎世界，面向国际社会。根据“greater”可知，空处应用名词，作介词“with”的宾语，open的名词形式是openness，意为“开放”，是不可数名词。故填openness。 B （2026·北京延庆·一模） He Jiaolong, a former deputy mayor of Zhaosu County in Xinjiang 14 dedicated herself to boosting local agriculture, became an internet celebrity. 15 (promote) her region’s tourism and farm produce, she once rode a horse through heavy snow, a video of which went viral online in 2020. She 16 (successful) helped sell over 15 million yuan worth of local goods via livestreams, donating all rewards to public welfare causes. So far, her efforts 17 (transform) products like honey and crystal noodles into popular online goods, creating new opportunities for local farmers. 【答案】14．who/that 15．To promote 16．successfully 17．have transformed 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了新疆昭苏县原副县长何娇龙为推广当地旅游与农产品成网红，直播助农成果显著。 【解析】 14．考查定语从句。句意：何娇龙是新疆昭苏县的一位前副县长，她致力于推动当地农业发展，后来成为了网络红人。空格处引导定语从句，先行词是He Jiaolong，指人，在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词who或that引导定语从句。故填who/that。 15．考查非谓语动词。句意：为了推广当地旅游业和农产品，她曾骑马穿越大雪，相关视频在 2020 年在网上迅速走红。此处表示目的，用动词不定式作目的状语。故填To promote。 16．考查副词。句意：她通过直播成功销售了超过1500万元的当地商品，并将所有收益捐赠给了公益事业。修饰动词helped，要用副词形式。故填successfully。 17．考查时态。句意：迄今为止，她的努力使诸如蜂蜜和水晶面条等产品成为了受欢迎的网络商品，为当地农民创造了新的机遇。根据So far可知，句子要用现在完成时。主语efforts是复数，所以助动词用have。故填have transformed。 C （2026·北京房山·二模） Harmony has many different meanings. In relation to music, it refers to individual notes coming together   18 (form) a pleasant sound. When flavours are harmonious, it means a  meal is pleasing to the palate (味觉). Harmony is all about finding the right balance in different situations in order to obtain peace and happiness. A saying like “Harmony is most precious” highlights the importance of harmony in the 19 (life) of Chinese people. Harmony is great wisdom, which not only embodies   20 (we) highest value, but also reflects the basic principles of how to act and how to treat others. 【答案】18．to form 19．lives 20．our 【导语】本文阐释了和谐在音乐、饮食以及为人处世中的不同含义，并指出“和为贵”体现了和谐在中国人生活中的重要地位。 【解析】 18．考查非谓语动词。句意：在音乐层面，它指各个音符汇聚在一起形成悦耳的声响。come together目的是发出悦耳声响，空处需填动词不定式to form作目的状语。 19．考查名词。句意：像“和为贵”这样的俗语，凸显了和谐在中国人生活中的重要性。根据“Chinese people”可知，此处指众多人的生活，空处需填名词复数lives。 20．考查代词。句意：和谐是一种大智慧，它不仅体现了我们的最高价值理念，也彰显了立身行事、待人接物的基本准则。修饰名词value需用形容词性物主代词our，作定语。 三、阅读理解(共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，共30分) A （2026·北京海淀·一模）Meritocracy (优绩主义) has become a leading social ideal. Politicians continually return to the theme that the rewards of life — money, jobs, university admission — should be distributed according to skill and effort. Conceptually and morally, meritocracy is presented as the opposite of hereditary aristocracy, in which one’s social position is determined by the lottery of birth. Although widely held, the belief that merit rather than luck determines success or failure in the world is demonstrably false. This is not least because merit itself is, in large part, the result of luck. Talent and the capacity for determined effort depend a great deal on one’s genetic gifts and upbringing. This is to say nothing of other fortuitous circumstances that figure into every success story. In his book Success and Luck, Robert Frank recounts the coincidences behind the stellar rise of many successful entrepreneurs. Luck intervenes by offering people merit, and again by furnishing circumstances where merit can translate into success. This is not to deny the industry and talent of successful people. However, it does demonstrate that the link between merit and outcome is weak and indirect at best. In addition to being false, research suggests that believing in meritocracy makes people more selfish, less self-critical and even more prone to acting in discriminatory ways. The “ultimatum game” is a common psychological experiment, where one player is given a sum of money and told to propose a division between him and another player, who may accept or reject the offer. If the offer is rejected, neither gets anything. Usually a relatively even split is offered. In one variation, participants played a fake game of skill before making offers. Players who were led to believe they had “won” claimed more for themselves than those who engaged in games of chance. Similar studies suggest that just having the idea of skill in mind makes people more tolerant of unequal outcomes. By contrast, research on gratitude indicates that remembering the role of luck increases generosity. Simply asking subjects to recall external contributors to their successes made them more likely to give to charity than those remembering internal factors. Part of meritocracy’s moral appeal is its power to justify the existing social order. On top of that, it also offers flattery. Where success is determined by merit, each win can be viewed as a reflection of personal worth and worldly failures become signs of personal weaknesses. Meritocracy ought to be abandoned both as a belief about how the world works and as a general social ideal. It’s false, and believing in it encourages selfishness, discrimination and indifference to the struggles of the unfortunate. 21．What can we learn from the first three paragraphs? A．Politicians argue life rewards are set at birth. B．Talent and determination owe nothing to luck. C．Industry enhances merit and directs to success. D．Merit is largely decided by circumstantial factors. 22．What does the author imply by citing the “ultimatum game” experiment? A．The results confirm meritocracy’s moral appeal. B．Belief in merit may encourage selfishness and bias. C．Ideas of skill can increase our willingness to donate. D．Games of chance ensure even distribution of resources. 23．The author feels meritocracy’s moral appeal is ______. A．erroneous B．justified C．practical D．groundless 24．What is the purpose of this passage? A．To criticise the mindset of chasing success. B．To challenge a commonly held social belief. C．To compare different social reward systems. D．To evaluate the pros and cons of meritocracy. 【答案】21．D 22．B 23．A 24．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章针对当下流行的优绩主义社会理念展开论述，指出成功并非只由能力和努力决定，运气等偶然因素同样重要，并且信奉优绩主义会使人变得自私、产生偏见，最终提出应当摒弃这一理念。 【解析】 21．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“This is not least because merit itself is, in large part, the result of luck. Talent and the capacity for determined effort depend a great deal on one’s genetic gifts and upbringing.(这在很大程度上是因为能力本身在很大程度上是运气的结果。天赋和坚持不懈的努力能力在很大程度上取决于一个人的基因天赋和成长环境。)”以及第三段中的“This is to say nothing of other fortuitous circumstances that figure into every success story.(更不用说每个成功故事中都存在的其他偶然环境因素了。)”可知，能力在很大程度上由环境等偶然因素决定。故选D项。 22．推理判断题。根据第四段“In addition to being false, research suggests that believing in meritocracy makes people more selfish, less self-critical and even more prone to acting in discriminatory ways. The “ultimatum game” is a common psychological experiment, where one player is given a sum of money and told to propose a division between him and another player, who may accept or reject the offer. If the offer is rejected, neither gets anything. Usually a relatively even split is offered. In one variation, participants played a fake game of skill before making offers. Players who were led to believe they had “won” claimed more for themselves than those who engaged in games of chance. Similar studies suggest that just having the idea of skill in mind makes people more tolerant of unequal outcomes.(研究表明，信奉优绩主义不仅是错误的，还会让人变得更加自私、缺乏自省，甚至更容易做出歧视性的行为。“最后通牒游戏” 是一项常见的心理学实验：实验中一名参与者会获得一笔钱，并需要提出自己与另一名参与者的分配方案，后者可以选择接受或拒绝该方案。如果方案被拒绝，两人都将一无所获。通常情况下，人们会提出相对公平的分配方式。 在该实验的一个变体中，参与者在提出分配方案前会先进行一场虚假的技能比拼。那些被引导认为自己“获胜”的参与者，会比参与纯概率游戏的人给自己分配更多的钱。类似研究还表明，仅仅是脑海中产生 “凭借能力取胜” 的想法，就会让人对不平等的结果更加宽容。)”可知，作者通过引用“最后通牒游戏”实验暗示相信能力决定成败可能会助长自私与偏见。故选B项。 23．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Part of meritocracy’s moral appeal is its power to justify the existing social order. On top of that, it also offers flattery. Where success is determined by merit, each win can be viewed as a reflection of personal worth and worldly failures become signs of personal weaknesses.(优绩主义的道德吸引力部分在于它为现有社会秩序辩护的能力。除此之外，它还提供了奉承。在成功由才能决定的地方，每一次胜利都可以看作是个人价值的反映，而世俗的失败则成为个人弱点的标志。)”以及最后一段“Meritocracy ought to be abandoned both as a belief about how the world works and as a general social ideal. It’s false, and believing in it encourages selfishness, discrimination and indifference to the struggles of the unfortunate.(优绩主义作为一种关于世界如何运作的信念和一种普遍的社会理想，都应该被摒弃。它是错误的，相信它会鼓励自私、歧视和对不幸者挣扎的冷漠。)”可知，作者认为优绩主义的道德吸引力是错误的。故选A项。 24．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Meritocracy (优绩主义) has become a leading social ideal.(优绩主义已经成为一种主要的社会理想。)”以及最后一段中的“Meritocracy ought to be abandoned both as a belief about how the world works and as a general social ideal.(优绩主义作为一种关于世界如何运作的信念和一种普遍的社会理想，都应该被摒弃。)”结合全文内容可知，文章主要围绕优绩主义展开讨论，指出其错误及不良影响，目的是挑战一种普遍持有的社会信念。故选B项。 B （2026·北京大兴·三模）The Servant (1963) is an unforgettable film that ruthlessly explores the relationship between a cunning valet (Dirk Bogarde) and his weak-willed master (James Fox). The valet exploits his master’s weaknesses until their roles are reversed: by the end, the master humbly serves the valet. Yet today, it’s hard not to think of another troubled relationship — the one between workers and their smartphones. Smart devices can be empowering. They provide instant access to a vast amount of information. They allow people to work from home instead of squeezing into crowded trains with strangers. This is especially helpful for parents who need flexible hours. Smartphones and tablets also improve efficiency by letting people use spare moments that would otherwise be wasted, such as while queuing for coffee. But for most people the servant has become the master. Not long ago only doctors were on call all the time. Now everybody is. Bosses think nothing of invading their employees’ free time. Work invades the home far more than domestic chores invade the office. Otherwise—some people check their smartphones obsessively, even during pre-dinner drinks, and send e-mails first thing in the morning and last thing at night. This is partly because smartphones are addictive. Smartphones provide relentless stimuli, stimulus interspersed with rewards. Whenever you check the glowing rectangle, there is a fair chance you will see a message from a client, a herogram from your boss or at least an e-mail from a stranger offering you $1m if you share your bank details with him. Hyperconnectivity exaggerates some of the most destabilizing trends in the modern workplace: the decline of certainty and the general cult of flexibility. Smartphones make it easier for managers to change their minds at the last moment: for example, to e-mail a minion at 11 pm to tell him he must fly to Pittsburgh tomorrow. Employees find it ever harder to distinguish between “on-time” and “off-time” — and indeed between real work and make-work. Executives are lumbered with two overlapping workdays: a formal one full of meetings and an informal one spent trying to keep up with the torrent of e-mails and messages. How can we reap the benefits of connectivity without becoming its slaves? One solution is digital dieting. Just as the abundance of junk food means that people have to be more disciplined about their eating habits, so the abundance of junk information means they have to be more disciplined about their browsing habits. Banning browsing before breakfast can reintroduce a little bit of civilization. Banning texting at weekends or, say, on Thursdays, can really show the iPhone who is boss. In “Sleeping with Your Smartphone”, Leslie Perlow argues that for most people the only way to break the 24/7 habit is to act collectively rather than individually. She tells the story of how one of the world’s most hard-working organizations, the Boston Consulting Group, learned to manage hyperconnectivity better. The firm introduced rules about when people were expected to be offline, and encouraged them to work together to make this possible. It eventually forced people to work more productively while reducing burnout. 25．In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by ______. A．posing a contrast B．justifying reversed roles C．making a comparison D．explaining a film named “servant” 26．According to paragraph 5, which of the following is a consequence of hyperconnectivity in the workplace? A．Employees have fewer meetings during the formal workday. B．Managers find it harder to change plans at the last minute. C．Workers can clearly separate “on-time” from “off-time”. D．Executives face meetings and constant messages. 27．What solutions to hyperconnectivity does the author present? A．Banning browsing and texting. B．Individual digital dieting and collective action with shared offline rules. C．Acting collectively and forcing people to work more productively. D．Working more productively and reducing burnout. 28．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．When Smartphones Become the Master of Humans. B．Advantages and Disadvantages of Smart Devices. C．How to Break Away From Hyperconnectivity. D．The Film The Servant and Its Social Influence. 【答案】25．C 26．D 27．B 28．A 【导语】文章以经典电影《仆人》中主仆身份颠倒的情节作类比，讨论了“智能手机从工具变为掌控人的“主人””这一现象。 【解析】 25．推理判断题。根据第一段“The valet exploits his master’s weaknesses until their roles are reversed: by the end, the master humbly serves the valet. Yet today, it’s hard not to think of another troubled relationship — the one between workers and their smartphones. (仆人利用主人的弱点，最终二人身份彻底颠倒：到最后，反倒变成主人卑微地侍奉仆人。而如今，人们难免联想到另一种失衡的关系 —— 人与智能手机之间的关系。)”可知，电影里主仆身份颠倒，而如今人和手机也形成了类似的失衡关系。由此可知，作者在首段通过进行类比来引出话题。 26．细节理解题。根据第五段“Executives are lumbered with two overlapping workdays: a formal one full of meetings and an informal one spent trying to keep up with the torrent of e-mails and messages.(高管们如今要应付两段重叠的工作时段：一段是充斥着各类会议的正式工作时间，另一段则是忙着处理海量邮件和消息的非正式时间。)”可知，根据第五段，全天候联网给职场带来的后果是高管既要参加会议，还要应对海量消息。 27．细节理解题。根据第六段“One solution is digital dieting.(一个解决办法便是数字节食。)”和最后一段“In “Sleeping with Your Smartphone”, Leslie Perlow argues that for most people the only way to break the 24/7 habit is to act collectively rather than individually…. The firm introduced rules about when people were expected to be offline, and encouraged them to work together to make this possible.(莱斯利・珀洛在《与手机同眠》一书中提出，对大多数人而言，想要摆脱全天候在线的状态，唯有依靠集体行动，而非单打独斗。……这家公司制定了员工离线休息的相关规定，并鼓励大家协作配合，落实这项制度。)”可知，作者提出了个人数字节食和集体执行离线规则等办法来应对过度联网。 28．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Yet today, it’s hard not to think of another troubled relationship — the one between workers and their smartphones. (而如今，人们难免联想到另一种失衡的关系 ——人与智能手机之间的关系。)”可知，文章主要讨论了手机从工具变成掌控人的“主人”这一现象，由此可知，A项“当智能手机成为人类的主宰”是适合的标题。 C （2026·北京·三模）Human well-being depends on the ability to navigate the social world. Such social skill depends on reliable feedback: acts of kindness may be met with gratitude; a misstep prompts a friend’s disapproval and an apology is needed. These moments are considered crucial for deepening trust, and for personal growth to unfold. Social life is rarely frictionless, yet it is precisely through such social friction that relationships deepen and moral understanding develops. Sycophancy (奉承) is the opposite of this friction. Many users experience this when AI enthusiastically validates their ideas or writing. In academic contexts, the consequence may be investing more time in a passable idea. But as AI systems are consulted for guidance about relationships and conflicts, affirmation of this kind does not merely reassure users — it may shape how people interpret their own actions and their perspectives of others, and in turn, how they respond to conflict, and whether they take responsibility. Consider a world in which people routinely turn to AI to reflect on interpersonal conflicts or moral dilemmas. They are repeatedly reassured that they are in the right, that others are mistaken, and that no apology is warranted. Moreover, over time, such patterned communication may reshape expectations about what feedback should feel like. Individuals may begin to anticipate similar constant affirmation from others. An AI companion who is always “on your side” may sustain engagement and foster reliance. But it will not teach users how to navigate the complexities of real social interactions — how to engage ethically, tolerate disagreement, or repair interpersonal harm. The cumulative effect is a reduction in tolerance for the social friction through which perspective-taking, accountability, and growth ordinarily occur. Although AI could, in principle, be optimized to promote broader social goals or longer-term personal development, such priorities do not fit well with systems that prioritize keeping users engaged. Systems that challenge users or surface uncomfortable perspectives are less likely to maximize engagement, even if they ultimately support personal growth. These dilemmas highlight the urgent need to ensure that AI systems operate responsibly within the evolving social and psychological ecosystem they co-create with users. They also raise broader ethical questions. How should immediate psychological gratification (满足) be weighed against longer-term individual and collective outcomes? Who should determine where that balance lies? Addressing these challenges will require sustained interdisciplinary collaboration among computer scientists, social scientists, ethicists, and policy makers. 29．The academic user experience is mentioned mainly to ______. A．present a possible result B．justify a novel approach C．introduce a bigger danger D．illustrate a typical case 30．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Countering AI’s sycophancy is far from easy. B．Collaboration with responsible AI is necessary. C．Global expert involvement solves ethical questions. D．Systems with higher engagement limit personal growth. 31．What does the author intend to tell us? A．Affirmation helps avoid social friction. B．Tolerance benefits broader social goals. C．Reliable feedback facilitates social skills. D．Navigating conflicts fosters social growth. 【答案】29．C 30．A 31．C 【导语】主要指出人工智能一味奉承式反馈缺少社交摩擦，不利于人的社交能力与心智成长，并提出相关解决难题。 【解析】 29．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“In academic contexts, the consequence may be investing more time in a passable idea. But as AI systems are consulted for guidance about relationships and conflicts, affirmation of this kind does not merely reassure users — it may shape how people interpret their own actions and their perspectives of others, and in turn, how they respond to conflict, and whether they take responsibility. (在学术场景中，其后果可能是在一个平庸的观点上耗费过多时间。而当人们就人际关系与矛盾纠纷向人工智能寻求建议时，这种一味的肯定不只是宽慰使用者，还会影响人们对自身行为与他人的判断，继而左右他们处理冲突的方式以及是否承担责任。)”可知，第二段先以学术场景作为小危害举例，紧接着转折点明，AI 奉承会严重改变人的处事观念，是更严重的危害，由此可知，举例是为引出后文更大隐患。 30．推理判断题。根据尾段中的“Although AI could, in principle, be optimized to promote broader social goals or longer-term personal development, such priorities do not fit well with systems that prioritize keeping users engaged.(尽管原则上可以优化人工智能，使其服务于更宏观的社会目标与人的长期发展，但这类优化目标和以留住用户为首要任务的产品体系难以兼容。)”以及“Addressing these challenges will require sustained interdisciplinary collaboration among computer scientists, social scientists, ethicists, and policy makers.(要解决这些难题，需要计算机、社科、伦理学及政策制定者开展长期跨学科协作。)”可知，想要改善AI一味奉承的弊端绝非易事。 31．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Such social skill depends on reliable feedback: acts of kindness may be met with gratitude; a misstep prompts a friend’s disapproval and an apology is needed. These moments are considered crucial for deepening trust, and for personal growth to unfold.(这类社交能力依托真实的反馈：善意之举或许收获感激，行事失误会引来朋友的不满，继而需要致歉。这些瞬间对加深信任、促成个人成长至关重要。)”可知，作者意在说明真实有效的反馈能够助力人们培养社交能力。 D （2026·北京·三模）The Age of Information is mushrooming, perhaps even bulging. If you tried to download all the data available today, you’d need more than 180 million years to do so. But you are wrong to assume that all this information would stimulate a boost of innovation to match the output of data. Indeed, the last time we found ourselves in a period of significant innovation, pursuing the ideas with the biggest spark, was more than 120 years ago, in a period called the Age of Insight. Innovations, both big and small, start with a new idea. Often, these ideas occur as a moment of insight — the result of a novel connection in our brains made between existing and new information. Studies show insights involve quiet signals deep in the brain, just under the surface of awareness. Anything that helps us notice quiet signals, such as taking breaks between meetings, only adopting necessary learning approaches or avoiding distractions like social media, can increase the chance of insights. However, it’s becoming more challenging to find those quiet signals with the increasing use of technology, filling every moment with emergencies and an endless supply of content. Besides, we also want to increase the quality of them — to be able to sort through big new ideas and find the ones that have real value, which can be hard to measure. Launched in 2015, the Eureka Scale allows us to assess the strength of our insight experiences on a five-point scale, which is marked by intense emotions, motivation, memory advantage, aftershocks, and following ideas. The Scale combines these five variables into a single value and allows us to define the importance of a new idea. The level-5, insight, involving the richest emotion, motivation, and lasting impact, holds the greatest significance. Because insights are one of the best ways to drive engagement, innovation, and behavior change, the Eureka Scale has broad applications for measuring and improving individual and organizational performance. More importantly, it can be used to measure the impact of different kinds of work environments and learning approaches on participants’ growth — both in the moment or afterward. In order for organizations to benefit from another age of insight, it’s not enough to try to access more data or increase the number of insights we generate. Instead, it’s about making space for the biggest ideas to emerge from all the information. Using the shared language of the Eureka Scale as a way to measure how important ideas are, relative to each other, will enable better decision-making toward practical and competitive outcomes. And if we’re to enter a new age of insight, we must design our environments to allow for the best insight possible to surface. 32．What does the underlined word “bulging” in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A．Stabilizing. B．Shifting. C．Exploding. D．Collapsing. 33．According to the passage, how can the possibility of insights be increased? A．By stepping away from electronic devices. B．By relying on technology to receive regular notices. C．By engaging in ongoing social media interactions. D．By participating in additional training and coaching sessions. 34．What can be inferred from the passage? A．The Eureka Scale controls the influence of our insights. B．A breakthrough has been made in innovation due to a wealth of information. C．Possessing minimal emotional responses is a level-5 insight. D．Both the quantity and quality of insights are essential to innovation. 35．What is the author’s attitude towards the current environment for innovations? A．Uncertain. B．Dissatisfied. C．Unconcerned. D．Optimistic. 【答案】32．C 33．A 34．D 35．B 【导语】这篇文章主要讲述了信息时代的到来以及洞察力对创新的重要性。信息的数量不断增加，但并不一定能刺激创新的提升。洞察力是创新的基础，通过Eureka量表可以评估洞察力的强度和重要性。为了进入新的洞察力时代，需要找到那些重要想法的空间，以使它们能够浮出水面。 【解析】 32．词句猜测题。根据划线词前面的句子“The Age of Information is mushrooming(信息时代如雨后春笋般出现)”以及“even(甚至)”可知，后文与前文构成递进关系，即信息时代如雨后春笋般生长，甚至可能膨胀。C选项“Exploding.(爆发)”与划线词为同义词。 33．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Studies show insights involve quiet signals deep in the brain, just under the surface of awareness. Anything that helps us notice quiet signals, such as taking breaks between meetings, only adopting necessary learning approaches or avoiding distractions like social media, can increase the chance of insights.(研究表明，洞察力涉及大脑深处的安静信号，就在意识的表面之下。任何有助于我们注意到安静信号的方法，比如在会议间隙休息，只采用必要的学习方法，或者避免社交媒体等干扰，都可以增加洞察的机会)”可知，静默的信号是产生洞察力的一种方式，因此需要避免一些干扰，比如社交媒体，并且需要适当的间隔来让大脑有机会产生新的想法，即在会议间隙远离电脑可以增加获得洞察力的可能性。 34．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Innovations, both big and small, start with a new idea. Often, these ideas occur as a moment of insight — the result of a novel connection in our brains made between existing and new information.(无论是重大的创新还是细微的改进，都始于一个新想法的产生。通常，这些想法会突然闪现，成为一种顿悟的时刻——这是我们的大脑在现有信息与新信息之间建立起一种新颖联系的结果)”以及第三段中“Besides, we also want to increase the quality of them — to be able to sort through big new ideas and find the ones that have real value, which can be hard to measure.(此外，我们还希望提高它们的质量——能够从众多新颖的想法中筛选出具有实际价值的那些，而这类价值往往难以衡量)”以及“Launched in 2015, the Eureka Scale allows us to assess the strength of our insight experiences on a five-point scale, which is marked by intense emotions, motivation, memory advantage, aftershocks, and following ideas.(“尤里卡量表”于2015年推出，它能帮助我们以五分制来评估自身洞察力体验的强度，其表现特征包括强烈的情绪、强烈的动机、记忆优势、后续影响以及后续想法等方面)”可知，对于创新不论大小，都需要很多灵光一现的瞬间产生的想法（洞察力）；同时也需要提高洞察力的质量，从而才能对重大想法进行分类，确定出有真正价值的想法，尤里卡量表以对洞察力的强度进行评估进行确定。因此洞察的数量和质量对创新都至关重要。 35．推理判断题。根据第二段中“However, it’s becoming more challenging to find those quiet signals with the increasing use of technology, filling every moment with emergencies and an endless supply of content.(然而，随着科技的日益普及，找到这些安静的信号变得越来越有挑战性，因为每时每刻都充斥着紧急情况和无穷无尽的内容。)”以及根据最后一段“In order for organizations to benefit from another age of insight, it’s not enough to try to access more data or increase the number of insights we generate. Instead, it’s about making space for the biggest ideas to emerge from all the information.(为了让组织能够从新的洞察时代中获益，仅仅试图获取更多数据或者增加我们所获得的洞察数量是不够的。关键在于为从所有信息中涌现出来的最伟大想法留出空间)”以及以及最后一段中“And if we’re to enter a new age of insight, we must design our environments to allow for the best insight possible to surface.(而且，如果我们想要进入一个更具洞察力的新时代，我们就必须设计出合适的环境，以便让最深刻的洞察力得以显现出来)”可知，对于创新，仅仅尝试访问更多数据或增加我们产生的洞察数量是不够的，而是应该为从所有信息中脱颖而出的最伟大的想法腾出空间，可是当下随着科技的日益普及，找到这些安静的信号变得越来越有挑战性，故作者对于当下的创新环境是感到不满意的，因此作者呼吁我们必须设计我们的环境，以允许最好的洞察浮出水面。 四、七选五 (共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，共 10 分) （2026·北京顺义·一模）Organic agriculture is often thought of as green and good for nature. Conventional agriculture, in contrast, is cast as big and bad. 36 A widespread shift to organic would leave billions hungry, researchers predict. 37 Organic output is typically 25 percent lower than conventional farming output. Switching all the world to organic would mean turning 24 percent more natural habitats into agricultural land to meet future demands, doing more harm than good to nature. Researchers who conclude that organic agriculture could not feed the globe’s growing population also recognize that conventional agriculture can’t carry on as it is, either. 38 In experiments, they are testing integrated approaches that combine the green touch of organic farming with a small amount of chemical fertilizer and strictly targeted chemical treatments applied when needed — an approach known as low-input agriculture. Studies show that low-input integrated farming is successful for both output and the environment. After an eight-year experiment, scientists reported promising results from multi-year crop rotation (轮作) systems. Crops were switched every two to four years and assessed for output. Output rose as the number of rotations increased. 39 The potential harm to freshwater ecosystems from weed killer was 99.9 percent lower in the low-input corn plots than in the conventional corn plots. 40 Organic farming is important on local scales, but the world won’t ever be fed by just organic. A more realistic goal is to expand organic farmland while putting the rest on a more sustainable footing. For now, research is advancing by deepening our understanding of what eco-friendly farming really means. A．This strategy also had environmental benefits. B．So scientists are doubling down on the middle road. C．Organic fields are an experimental ground for boosting profits. D．None of this means that people should stop buying organic produce. E．Therefore, some crops grow better than others under organic conditions. F．Yet scientists are finding that organic farming is not as green as it seems. G．Specifically, output is the one crucial feature where organic farming falls short. 【答案】36．F 37．G 38．B 39．A 40．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章对比有机农业与传统农业的利弊，指出纯有机农业无法养活全球人口，介绍了兼顾产量与环保的低投入综合农业模式，并给出理性发展农业的观点。 【解析】 36．上文“Organic agriculture is often thought of as green and good for nature. Conventional agriculture, in contrast, is cast as big and bad. (有机农业通常被认为是绿色的，对自然有益。相比之下，传统农业被认为是庞大而糟糕的。)”说明了人们对有机农业和传统农业的普遍看法，下文“A widespread shift to organic would leave billions hungry, researchers predict. (研究人员预测，全面转向有机农业将使数十亿人挨饿。)”则指出了全面转向有机农业的负面后果，空格处承上启下，F项“Yet scientists are finding that organic farming is not as green as it seems. (然而，科学家们发现有机农业并不像看上去那么环保。)”符合语境，既承接了上文对有机农业的正面看法，又引出了下文对其负面影响的讨论。故选F。 37．上文“A widespread shift to organic would leave billions hungry, researchers predict. (研究人员预测，全面转向有机农业将使数十亿人挨饿。)”指出了全面转向有机农业的负面后果，下文“Organic output is typically 25 percent lower than conventional farming output. (有机农业的产量通常比传统农业低25%。)”则进一步解释了原因，即有机农业的产量较低，空格处承上启下，G项“Specifically, output is the one crucial feature where organic farming falls short. (具体来说，产量是有机农业不足的一个关键方面。)”符合语境，进一步强调了有机农业在产量方面的不足。故选G。 38．上文“Researchers who conclude that organic agriculture could not feed the globe’s growing population also recognize that conventional agriculture can’t carry on as it is, either. (得出结论认为有机农业无法养活全球不断增长的人口的研究人员也认识到，传统农业也不能继续这样下去。)”指出了有机农业和传统农业都存在的问题，下文“In experiments, they are testing integrated approaches that combine the green touch of organic farming with a small amount of chemical fertilizer and strictly targeted chemical treatments applied when needed — an approach known as low-input agriculture. (在实验中，他们正在测试一种综合方法，将有机农业的绿色理念与少量化肥和严格针对性的化学处理相结合，在需要时应用——这种方法被称为低投入农业。)”则介绍了科学家提出的解决方案，空格处承上启下，B项“So scientists are doubling down on the middle road. (因此，科学家们正在加倍努力走中间路线。)”符合语境，引出了下文对低投入综合农业方法的介绍。故选B。 39．上文“Studies show that low-input integrated farming is successful for both output and the environment. After an eight-year experiment, scientists reported promising results from multi-year crop rotation (轮作) systems. Crops were switched every two to four years and assessed for output. Output rose as the number of rotations increased. (研究表明，低投入综合农业对产量和环境都很有成效。经过八年的实验，科学家们报告了多年轮作系统的有希望的结果。作物每两到四年轮换一次，并评估产量。随着轮作次数的增加，产量也在增加。)”介绍了低投入综合农业方法的成效，下文“The potential harm to freshwater ecosystems from weed killer was 99.9 percent lower in the low-input corn plots than in the conventional corn plots. (在低投入玉米田中，除草剂对淡水生态系统的潜在危害比传统玉米田低99.9%。)”则进一步说明了该方法对环境的益处，A项“This strategy also had environmental benefits. (这种策略也有环境效益。)”符合语境，承上启下。故选A。 40．下文“Organic farming is important on local scales, but the world won’t ever be fed by just organic. A more realistic goal is to expand organic farmland while putting the rest on a more sustainable footing. For now, research is advancing by deepening our understanding of what eco-friendly farming really means. (有机农业在局部范围内很重要，但仅靠有机农业无法养活全世界。一个更现实的目标是扩大有机农田，同时使其余农田建立在更可持续的基础上。目前，研究正在通过加深我们对生态友好型农业真正含义的理解而取得进展。)”总结了全文，强调了有机农业在局部范围内的重要性以及未来农业发展的方向，空格处位于段首，应引出下文内容，D项“None of this means that people should stop buying organic produce. (这一切并不意味着人们应该停止购买有机农产品。)”符合语境，既承认了有机农业存在的问题，又强调了其重要性，与下文内容相呼应。故选D。 4 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 话题综合04 人与社会— 历史、社会与文化 （考试时间：60分钟 试卷满分：70分） 一、完形填空 (共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分) （2026·北京西城·一模）We are told never to judge a book by its cover, but few of us actually follow that advice. I used to think I had a good 1 on people. Quiet meant cold, and confident meant arrogant (自大的). I was especially sure of this when it came to Marcus Greene, who sat behind me in chemistry class. He was the type of person who never raised his hand and rarely made eye contact. 2 , I assumed he thought he was too good for the rest of us. Distant. Maybe even rude. One day in class, we were paired up for a group project. When the teacher announced our names together, I 3 heavily. He looked over and gave me a small nod. No smile, no greeting, just that. I rolled my eyes. Our first meeting was in the library after school. I expected it to be 4 , maybe even annoying, but to my surprise, Marcus came prepared. He had notes and questions. Not only that, but he even had suggestions for how we could divide the work fairly. I asked “Are you always this 5 ?” He said, “Only when I care about something.” Over the next two weeks, we worked side by side. He wasn’t the person I thought he was. He didn’t look down on others; he was just shy. He didn’t avoid people; he just didn’t know how to 6 . Slowly, I learned more about him. None of that arrogance I’d 7 to him was real. It had been nothing more than my assumption, wrapped up in his silence. The day we presented our project, our teacher praised us for our 8 . I turned to Marcus and said, “I’m glad we got paired up.” He looked down, smiled faintly, and replied, “Me too.” That was the day I realized I was wrong about him. And more importantly, it was the day I realized how easy it is to 9 someone when you don’t bother to look deeper. Since then, I’ve tried to listen more closely, judge more slowly, and give people the 10 to show me who they are. 1．A．read B．focus C．comment D．impression 2．A．Luckily B．Naturally C．Hopefully D．Suddenly 3．A．cried B．sighed C．protested D．sweated 4．A．formal B．smooth C．urgent D．awkward 5．A．relaxed B．critical C．organized D．confident 6．A．hang on B．show off C．reach out D．make up 7．A．assigned B．owed C．explained D．presented 8．A．ambition B．curiosity C．tolerance D．cooperation 9．A．ignore B．describe C．recognize D．misunderstand 10．A．space B．reason C．guidance D．pressure 二、语法填空(共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分) 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 A （2026·北京石景山·一模） The UN observes the Chinese Language Day every year on or around April 20. The contribution of Chinese culture and language 11 (highlight) on this day. Language is a bridge of interaction between nations. As more and more people start to study Chinese, the world will gain an even 12 (deep) understanding of China. On its part, China will also welcome the world with greater 13 (open) to the international community. B （2026·北京延庆·一模） He Jiaolong, a former deputy mayor of Zhaosu County in Xinjiang 14 dedicated herself to boosting local agriculture, became an internet celebrity. 15 (promote) her region’s tourism and farm produce, she once rode a horse through heavy snow, a video of which went viral online in 2020. She 16 (successful) helped sell over 15 million yuan worth of local goods via livestreams, donating all rewards to public welfare causes. So far, her efforts 17 (transform) products like honey and crystal noodles into popular online goods, creating new opportunities for local farmers. C （2026·北京房山·二模） Harmony has many different meanings. In relation to music, it refers to individual notes coming together   18 (form) a pleasant sound. When flavours are harmonious, it means a  meal is pleasing to the palate (味觉). Harmony is all about finding the right balance in different situations in order to obtain peace and happiness. A saying like “Harmony is most precious” highlights the importance of harmony in the 19 (life) of Chinese people. Harmony is great wisdom, which not only embodies   20 (we) highest value, but also reflects the basic principles of how to act and how to treat others. 三、阅读理解(共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，共30分) A （2026·北京海淀·一模）Meritocracy (优绩主义) has become a leading social ideal. Politicians continually return to the theme that the rewards of life — money, jobs, university admission — should be distributed according to skill and effort. Conceptually and morally, meritocracy is presented as the opposite of hereditary aristocracy, in which one’s social position is determined by the lottery of birth. Although widely held, the belief that merit rather than luck determines success or failure in the world is demonstrably false. This is not least because merit itself is, in large part, the result of luck. Talent and the capacity for determined effort depend a great deal on one’s genetic gifts and upbringing. This is to say nothing of other fortuitous circumstances that figure into every success story. In his book Success and Luck, Robert Frank recounts the coincidences behind the stellar rise of many successful entrepreneurs. Luck intervenes by offering people merit, and again by furnishing circumstances where merit can translate into success. This is not to deny the industry and talent of successful people. However, it does demonstrate that the link between merit and outcome is weak and indirect at best. In addition to being false, research suggests that believing in meritocracy makes people more selfish, less self-critical and even more prone to acting in discriminatory ways. The “ultimatum game” is a common psychological experiment, where one player is given a sum of money and told to propose a division between him and another player, who may accept or reject the offer. If the offer is rejected, neither gets anything. Usually a relatively even split is offered. In one variation, participants played a fake game of skill before making offers. Players who were led to believe they had “won” claimed more for themselves than those who engaged in games of chance. Similar studies suggest that just having the idea of skill in mind makes people more tolerant of unequal outcomes. By contrast, research on gratitude indicates that remembering the role of luck increases generosity. Simply asking subjects to recall external contributors to their successes made them more likely to give to charity than those remembering internal factors. Part of meritocracy’s moral appeal is its power to justify the existing social order. On top of that, it also offers flattery. Where success is determined by merit, each win can be viewed as a reflection of personal worth and worldly failures become signs of personal weaknesses. Meritocracy ought to be abandoned both as a belief about how the world works and as a general social ideal. It’s false, and believing in it encourages selfishness, discrimination and indifference to the struggles of the unfortunate. 21．What can we learn from the first three paragraphs? A．Politicians argue life rewards are set at birth. B．Talent and determination owe nothing to luck. C．Industry enhances merit and directs to success. D．Merit is largely decided by circumstantial factors. 22．What does the author imply by citing the “ultimatum game” experiment? A．The results confirm meritocracy’s moral appeal. B．Belief in merit may encourage selfishness and bias. C．Ideas of skill can increase our willingness to donate. D．Games of chance ensure even distribution of resources. 23．The author feels meritocracy’s moral appeal is ______. A．erroneous B．justified C．practical D．groundless 24．What is the purpose of this passage? A．To criticise the mindset of chasing success. B．To challenge a commonly held social belief. C．To compare different social reward systems. D．To evaluate the pros and cons of meritocracy. B （2026·北京大兴·三模）The Servant (1963) is an unforgettable film that ruthlessly explores the relationship between a cunning valet (Dirk Bogarde) and his weak-willed master (James Fox). The valet exploits his master’s weaknesses until their roles are reversed: by the end, the master humbly serves the valet. Yet today, it’s hard not to think of another troubled relationship — the one between workers and their smartphones. Smart devices can be empowering. They provide instant access to a vast amount of information. They allow people to work from home instead of squeezing into crowded trains with strangers. This is especially helpful for parents who need flexible hours. Smartphones and tablets also improve efficiency by letting people use spare moments that would otherwise be wasted, such as while queuing for coffee. But for most people the servant has become the master. Not long ago only doctors were on call all the time. Now everybody is. Bosses think nothing of invading their employees’ free time. Work invades the home far more than domestic chores invade the office. Otherwise—some people check their smartphones obsessively, even during pre-dinner drinks, and send e-mails first thing in the morning and last thing at night. This is partly because smartphones are addictive. Smartphones provide relentless stimuli, stimulus interspersed with rewards. Whenever you check the glowing rectangle, there is a fair chance you will see a message from a client, a herogram from your boss or at least an e-mail from a stranger offering you $1m if you share your bank details with him. Hyperconnectivity exaggerates some of the most destabilizing trends in the modern workplace: the decline of certainty and the general cult of flexibility. Smartphones make it easier for managers to change their minds at the last moment: for example, to e-mail a minion at 11 pm to tell him he must fly to Pittsburgh tomorrow. Employees find it ever harder to distinguish between “on-time” and “off-time” — and indeed between real work and make-work. Executives are lumbered with two overlapping workdays: a formal one full of meetings and an informal one spent trying to keep up with the torrent of e-mails and messages. How can we reap the benefits of connectivity without becoming its slaves? One solution is digital dieting. Just as the abundance of junk food means that people have to be more disciplined about their eating habits, so the abundance of junk information means they have to be more disciplined about their browsing habits. Banning browsing before breakfast can reintroduce a little bit of civilization. Banning texting at weekends or, say, on Thursdays, can really show the iPhone who is boss. In “Sleeping with Your Smartphone”, Leslie Perlow argues that for most people the only way to break the 24/7 habit is to act collectively rather than individually. She tells the story of how one of the world’s most hard-working organizations, the Boston Consulting Group, learned to manage hyperconnectivity better. The firm introduced rules about when people were expected to be offline, and encouraged them to work together to make this possible. It eventually forced people to work more productively while reducing burnout. 25．In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by ______. A．posing a contrast B．justifying reversed roles C．making a comparison D．explaining a film named “servant” 26．According to paragraph 5, which of the following is a consequence of hyperconnectivity in the workplace? A．Employees have fewer meetings during the formal workday. B．Managers find it harder to change plans at the last minute. C．Workers can clearly separate “on-time” from “off-time”. D．Executives face meetings and constant messages. 27．What solutions to hyperconnectivity does the author present? A．Banning browsing and texting. B．Individual digital dieting and collective action with shared offline rules. C．Acting collectively and forcing people to work more productively. D．Working more productively and reducing burnout. 28．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．When Smartphones Become the Master of Humans. B．Advantages and Disadvantages of Smart Devices. C．How to Break Away From Hyperconnectivity. D．The Film The Servant and Its Social Influence. C （2026·北京·三模）Human well-being depends on the ability to navigate the social world. Such social skill depends on reliable feedback: acts of kindness may be met with gratitude; a misstep prompts a friend’s disapproval and an apology is needed. These moments are considered crucial for deepening trust, and for personal growth to unfold. Social life is rarely frictionless, yet it is precisely through such social friction that relationships deepen and moral understanding develops. Sycophancy (奉承) is the opposite of this friction. Many users experience this when AI enthusiastically validates their ideas or writing. In academic contexts, the consequence may be investing more time in a passable idea. But as AI systems are consulted for guidance about relationships and conflicts, affirmation of this kind does not merely reassure users — it may shape how people interpret their own actions and their perspectives of others, and in turn, how they respond to conflict, and whether they take responsibility. Consider a world in which people routinely turn to AI to reflect on interpersonal conflicts or moral dilemmas. They are repeatedly reassured that they are in the right, that others are mistaken, and that no apology is warranted. Moreover, over time, such patterned communication may reshape expectations about what feedback should feel like. Individuals may begin to anticipate similar constant affirmation from others. An AI companion who is always “on your side” may sustain engagement and foster reliance. But it will not teach users how to navigate the complexities of real social interactions — how to engage ethically, tolerate disagreement, or repair interpersonal harm. The cumulative effect is a reduction in tolerance for the social friction through which perspective-taking, accountability, and growth ordinarily occur. Although AI could, in principle, be optimized to promote broader social goals or longer-term personal development, such priorities do not fit well with systems that prioritize keeping users engaged. Systems that challenge users or surface uncomfortable perspectives are less likely to maximize engagement, even if they ultimately support personal growth. These dilemmas highlight the urgent need to ensure that AI systems operate responsibly within the evolving social and psychological ecosystem they co-create with users. They also raise broader ethical questions. How should immediate psychological gratification (满足) be weighed against longer-term individual and collective outcomes? Who should determine where that balance lies? Addressing these challenges will require sustained interdisciplinary collaboration among computer scientists, social scientists, ethicists, and policy makers. 29．The academic user experience is mentioned mainly to ______. A．present a possible result B．justify a novel approach C．introduce a bigger danger D．illustrate a typical case 30．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Countering AI’s sycophancy is far from easy. B．Collaboration with responsible AI is necessary. C．Global expert involvement solves ethical questions. D．Systems with higher engagement limit personal growth. 31．What does the author intend to tell us? A．Affirmation helps avoid social friction. B．Tolerance benefits broader social goals. C．Reliable feedback facilitates social skills. D．Navigating conflicts fosters social growth. D （2026·北京·三模）The Age of Information is mushrooming, perhaps even bulging. If you tried to download all the data available today, you’d need more than 180 million years to do so. But you are wrong to assume that all this information would stimulate a boost of innovation to match the output of data. Indeed, the last time we found ourselves in a period of significant innovation, pursuing the ideas with the biggest spark, was more than 120 years ago, in a period called the Age of Insight. Innovations, both big and small, start with a new idea. Often, these ideas occur as a moment of insight — the result of a novel connection in our brains made between existing and new information. Studies show insights involve quiet signals deep in the brain, just under the surface of awareness. Anything that helps us notice quiet signals, such as taking breaks between meetings, only adopting necessary learning approaches or avoiding distractions like social media, can increase the chance of insights. However, it’s becoming more challenging to find those quiet signals with the increasing use of technology, filling every moment with emergencies and an endless supply of content. Besides, we also want to increase the quality of them — to be able to sort through big new ideas and find the ones that have real value, which can be hard to measure. Launched in 2015, the Eureka Scale allows us to assess the strength of our insight experiences on a five-point scale, which is marked by intense emotions, motivation, memory advantage, aftershocks, and following ideas. The Scale combines these five variables into a single value and allows us to define the importance of a new idea. The level-5, insight, involving the richest emotion, motivation, and lasting impact, holds the greatest significance. Because insights are one of the best ways to drive engagement, innovation, and behavior change, the Eureka Scale has broad applications for measuring and improving individual and organizational performance. More importantly, it can be used to measure the impact of different kinds of work environments and learning approaches on participants’ growth — both in the moment or afterward. In order for organizations to benefit from another age of insight, it’s not enough to try to access more data or increase the number of insights we generate. Instead, it’s about making space for the biggest ideas to emerge from all the information. Using the shared language of the Eureka Scale as a way to measure how important ideas are, relative to each other, will enable better decision-making toward practical and competitive outcomes. And if we’re to enter a new age of insight, we must design our environments to allow for the best insight possible to surface. 32．What does the underlined word “bulging” in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A．Stabilizing. B．Shifting. C．Exploding. D．Collapsing. 33．According to the passage, how can the possibility of insights be increased? A．By stepping away from electronic devices. B．By relying on technology to receive regular notices. C．By engaging in ongoing social media interactions. D．By participating in additional training and coaching sessions. 34．What can be inferred from the passage? A．The Eureka Scale controls the influence of our insights. B．A breakthrough has been made in innovation due to a wealth of information. C．Possessing minimal emotional responses is a level-5 insight. D．Both the quantity and quality of insights are essential to innovation. 35．What is the author’s attitude towards the current environment for innovations? A．Uncertain. B．Dissatisfied. C．Unconcerned. D．Optimistic. 四、七选五 (共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，共 10 分) （2026·北京顺义·一模）Organic agriculture is often thought of as green and good for nature. Conventional agriculture, in contrast, is cast as big and bad. 36 A widespread shift to organic would leave billions hungry, researchers predict. 37 Organic output is typically 25 percent lower than conventional farming output. Switching all the world to organic would mean turning 24 percent more natural habitats into agricultural land to meet future demands, doing more harm than good to nature. Researchers who conclude that organic agriculture could not feed the globe’s growing population also recognize that conventional agriculture can’t carry on as it is, either. 38 In experiments, they are testing integrated approaches that combine the green touch of organic farming with a small amount of chemical fertilizer and strictly targeted chemical treatments applied when needed — an approach known as low-input agriculture. Studies show that low-input integrated farming is successful for both output and the environment. After an eight-year experiment, scientists reported promising results from multi-year crop rotation (轮作) systems. Crops were switched every two to four years and assessed for output. Output rose as the number of rotations increased. 39 The potential harm to freshwater ecosystems from weed killer was 99.9 percent lower in the low-input corn plots than in the conventional corn plots. 40 Organic farming is important on local scales, but the world won’t ever be fed by just organic. A more realistic goal is to expand organic farmland while putting the rest on a more sustainable footing. For now, research is advancing by deepening our understanding of what eco-friendly farming really means. A．This strategy also had environmental benefits. B．So scientists are doubling down on the middle road. C．Organic fields are an experimental ground for boosting profits. D．None of this means that people should stop buying organic produce. E．Therefore, some crops grow better than others under organic conditions. F．Yet scientists are finding that organic farming is not as green as it seems. G．Specifically, output is the one crucial feature where organic farming falls short. 4 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $