必修第三册 UNIT 4 SPACE EXPLORATION(教师用书Word)-【高考领航】2027年高考英语大一轮复习学案（创新版）

该高中英语高考复习讲义围绕“人与自然——宇宙探索”主题语境，整合核心词汇、派生单词、重点短语及句型公式等高考核心考点，按“默写自查-学以致用”逻辑架构梳理知识内在联系。通过考点梳理（如astronaut、leap等词汇及动名词作主语等句型）、方法指导（词形变化、句式仿写）、真题训练（限时阅读、七选五）等教学环节，帮助学生系统突破语言知识与技能难点。 讲义突出主题语境下的分层复习特色，融合语言能力与思维品质培养，如写作模块引导学生用“in the hope that”等短语完成“最喜爱的小说”发言稿，阅读模块通过行文结构分析段落大意。设置基础自查到综合应用的练习梯度，配合即时反馈，确保学生高效提升应考能力，为教师精准把控复习节奏提供实用指导。

主题语境：人与自然——宇宙探索 默写自查 学以致用 一、核心单词 1．astronaut n. 宇航员；太空人 2．leap n．跳跃；剧增；剧变vi.& vt.跳过；跃过 3．signal vt.& vi.标志着；标明；发信号 n．信号；标志 4．muscle n．肌肉；实力；影响力 5．float vi.浮动；漂流；漂浮 vt.使浮动；使漂流 6．otherwise adv.否则；要不然 7．beyond prep.在更远处；超出 8．keen adj.热衷的；渴望的 9．shallow adj.肤浅的；浅的 10．monitor n．监视器；监测仪 vt.监视；监测；监控 11．smartphone n．智能手机 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．(2025·全国二卷) A study by the Food Waste Alliance determined that the average restaurant generates 33 pounds of food waste for every $1，000 in revenue (收入), and of that waste only 15.7% is donated or recycled(回收利用). 2．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources (资源) and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys. 3．In addition, take an active part in the voluntary activities launched (发起) by the ocean organizations. 二、派生单词 1．mental adj.精神的；思想的→mentally adv.精神上地 2．universe n．宇宙；天地万物→universal adj.宇宙的；通用的→universally adv.全体地，一致地；到处 3．lack n．缺乏；短缺vt.没有；缺乏→lacking adj.缺乏的；不足的 4．globe n．地球；世界；地球仪→global adj.全球的；全面的 5．analysis n．(对事物的)分析；分析结果→analyse vt.分析 6．regular adj.定期的；经常的；正常的→regularly adv.经常；定期地；有规律地→irregular adj.无规律的；不定期的 7．limited adj.有限的→limitless/unlimited adj.无限的→limit vt.& n．限制 Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空 1．When asked whether he was determined to be an astronaut, the boy just looked at me with determination．(determine) 2．Though he was disappointed at the result of the examination, he tried to hide his disappointment in order not to discourage his son.(disappoint) 3．An argument about whether people should carry on with space exploration took place at the conference and some people argued that we should stop wasting time and money on it.(argue) 4．Many parents attach great importance to getting a good education at this school attached to Peking University.(attach) 三、重点短语 1．carry on　　　　　　　继续做，坚持干 2．on board 在宇宙飞船上；在船上； 在飞机上 3．in the hope of doing sth 抱着……的希望 4．so as to (do sth) 为了；以便 5．figure out 弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白 6．result in 导致；造成 7．as a result 所以；结果(是) 8．provide for sb 提供生活所需 9．in closing 最后 10．run out 用完；耗尽 Ⅲ.短语填空 1．Even small changes in lifestyle and diet can result in significant weight loss. 2．The meal over, the managers went back to the meeting room to carry on with their discussion. 3．Though she is jobless，she has saved enough money to provide for her children. 4．Protecting the environment is very important as the world's natural resources are running out． 5．The police are trying to figure out the truth of the accident. 6．I will practise my English writing in the hope of making it better. 四、句型公式 1．动名词作主语 Firstly，exploring space has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger. 2．动词不定式作后置定语 Afterwards, the USSR focused on sending people into space, and on 12 April 1961，Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to enter space. 3．It takes (sb) some time to do sth做某事花费(某人)多长时间 For example, using current technology，it would take over a year to get to Mars and come back. 4．状语从句的省略 While sleeping, they must attach themselves to something so as to prevent floating around. Ⅳ.句式仿写 1．用英语写日记可以帮助我们在英语写作方面取得快速进步。 Keeping a diary in English can help us make rapid progress in English writing. 2．通常是老人最先品尝端上桌的食物。 It is the elderly who are usually the first to taste the food served on the table. 3．我们要花很长时间在这两个城市之间架起一座桥梁。 It will take us a long time to build a bridge between the two cities. 4．如果能够得到这份工作，我一定会成为一名好导游。 If given the job, I'm sure to be a good guide. 1 disappointed adj.失望的；沮丧的→disappoint vt.使失望/沮丧→disappointing adj.令人失望的→disappointment n．失望；沮丧 ·be disappointed at/with/by...对……感到失望 be disappointed to do sth 对做某事感到失望 be disappointed that...对……失望 ·to one's disappointment令某人失望的是 【写作金句】　Sensing that I was disappointed at his arrival，he did whatever he could to help me and care for me and my disappointment gradually gave way to my gratitude to him.(心理描写) 意识到我对于他的到来感到沮丧，他竭尽全力帮助我、照顾我，我的沮丧逐渐转换成我对他的感激。 2 desire n．渴望；欲望；愿望 vt.渴望；期望 →desirable adj.值得做的 ·have a desire to do sth 渴望做某事 have a desire for sth 渴望得到某物 ·desire to do sth 渴望做某事 desire that...(should) do...渴望…… 【写作金句】　(2023·全国乙卷)As I had a strong desire to learn a new skill，I turned to my mother for help，with whose help I began to learn how to cook during the summer vacation. 由于我强烈渴望学习一种新技能，我向妈妈寻求帮助，在她的帮助下，我开始在暑假期间学习做饭。 3 lack n．缺乏；短缺 vt.没有；缺乏→lacking adj.不足的；缺乏的 ·(a) lack of缺少…… for/through lack of因缺少…… ·be lacking in在……方面缺乏 【写作金句】　The girl used to be lacking in confidence and it was her teacher's encouragement that made her more confident.(人物描写) 这个女孩过去曾经缺乏自信，是她的老师的鼓励让她更加自信了。 4 argue vi.& vt.(argued，argued，arguing)论证；争辩；争论；主张；说服→argument n．争论；争吵；论点 ·argue with sb about/over sth 因某事与某人争吵/争论 argue for/against (doing) sth 据理赞成/反对(做)某事 argue sb into/out of doing sth 说服某人做/不做某事 ·beyond argument 无可争论 【写作金句】　(2023·全国乙卷)Eager to master some basic living skills，I argued my mother into teaching me how to cook during the May Day holiday. 由于渴望掌握一些基本的生活技能，我说服了母亲在五一节期间教我如何做饭。 5 attach vt.系；绑；贴→attached adj.附加的；附属的；依恋的，爱慕的→attachment n．附件；附属品；依恋 ·attach...to...把……附在……上；把……绑在……上 attach importance/significance/value/weight to... 认为……有重要性/意义/价值/分量 ·be attached to喜欢，依恋；附属于 【写作金句】　He took out the hammock，attached it to the trees and lay in it comfortably，listening to his favourite music.(动作链) 他拿出吊床，把它拴在树上，惬意地躺在里面，听着他最喜爱的音乐。 6 result in导致；造成 ·result from由……导致；因……而产生 ·as a result所以，结果(是) as a result of由于…… without result没有结果；徒劳地 【写作金句】　The ignorance of protecting the environment would result in a lot of severe consequences.(环境保护) 忽视环境保护将会导致许多严重的后果。 7 run out用完；耗尽(物作主语，无被动语态) run out of用光，用完(人作主语，有被动语态) run across偶然遇到 run after追逐；追求 run into撞上；遇上，偶然遇到；碰上(困境、麻烦等) run for竞选；赶快去请 【写作金句】　In the future，care for the environment will become very important as the earth's natural resources are running out.(演讲稿) 在未来，爱护环境将变得很重要，因为地球的自然资源濒临枯竭。 8动名词作主语 Firstly，exploring space has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger. 首先，太空探索已经在对抗世界饥饿的斗争中发挥了重要作用。 exploring space是动名词(短语)在句中作主语。单个动名词(短语)作主语，谓语动词用单数；两个或两个以上用复数，doing作主语还有以下情况： (1)it作形式主语：It is no use/no good/useless doing sth.；It is a waste of time doing sth.； (2)动名词的复合结构：名词所有格/形容词性物主代词＋doing作主语。 【写作金句】　Reading regularly is a habit that can significantly enrich one's vocabulary and broaden one's horizons. 定期阅读是一种能够极大丰富词汇量并拓宽视野的习惯。 1 disappointed ①One by one，the applicants left the interviewer's office with disappointed (disappoint) looks on their faces. ②让他们失望的是，他们第一次尝试做母亲节早餐就失败了。 To their disappointment，they failed to cook a Mother's Day breakfast at the first attempt. ③她失望地发现由于天气不好，学校旅行被取消了。 She was disappointed to find out that the school trip had been cancelled due to the bad weather. 2 desire ①I have a strong desire for knowledge，always eager to soak up wisdom and insights from books and teachers. ②We desire that such meaningful activities (should) be held(hold) on a regular basis. ③She desires to become (become) an astronaut in the future, so she works hard in her classes. ④得知你强烈渴望学好汉语，我写信给你一些实用的建议。(建议信) Learning that you have a strong desire/strongly desire to learn Chinese well，I am writing to offer you some practical suggestions. 3 lack ①For lack of sufficient oxygen，the astronaut could not carry on with his mission. ②Health problems are closely related to bad eating habits and a lack of exercise. ③由于缺乏自信和经验，简完全不知道该如何应付这可怕的情况。 →Lacking confidence and experience，Jane was quite at a loss as to how to deal with the terrible situation.(分词短语作状语) →For/Through lack of confidence and experience，Jane was quite at a loss as to how to deal with the terrible situation.(lack n．) →Lacking in confidence and experience，Jane was quite at a loss as to how to deal with the terrible situation.(lacking adj.) 4 argue ①It is beyond argument(argue) that Chinese astronauts have made giant contributions to the world's space exploration. ②As for school uniforms, some students argued for the uniforms, saying they promote equality.Others argued against the idea, believing that uniforms limit personal expression. ③我本想说服他接受我的意见，但我很快就意识到，和他争论这个问题没有用，因为他太固执了。 I had intended to argue him into accepting my opinion，but soon I realised it was no use arguing with him about/over the issue，because he was too stubborn. 5 attach ①She found a box lying on the table with a card attached (attach) to it，saying “Happy birthday”． ②如果你能抽出一些时间来审查这封电子邮件所附的草稿并作出必要的更改，我将不胜感激。(求助信) I would be grateful if you could spare some time to review the draft script(which is) attached to this email and make necessary changes. ③你再怎么强调阅读的重要性也不为过。(建议信) You can never attach too much importance to reading． 6 result in ①As far as I'm concerned，her failure in the competition resulted from her casual attitude. ②He called his friend several times without result.Finally, he sent a text message, hoping for a reply.(动作链) ③(2023·浙江卷1月)一只鸟的啁啾声引起了我的注意，于是我偷偷溜进了那间废弃的牛奶房。这只鸟被困在蜘蛛网里动弹不得。 The chirps of a bird attracted my attention and as a result，I sneaked into the deserted milking house.The bird couldn't move as a result of being trapped in spider­webs. ④(2023·天津卷6月)这次活动不仅将提供一个了解中国文化的机会，而且将增进相互理解和友谊。 Not only will the activity provide an opportunity to learn about the Chinese culture but also it will result in mutual understanding and friendship． 7 run out ①We need to find more batteries because this one is running out． ②I had run out of all my patience and I began to explode with anger. ③我们遇到了一些问题，但我们齐心协力找到了解决方案，并按时完成了任务。(情景描写) We ran into some problems，but we worked together to find solutions and finished on time. 8动名词作主语 ①We strongly encourage all teenagers to follow these lifestyle tips，because living well is (be)the safest and most effective way to get into shape. ②尽管我的心提到了嗓子眼儿，但是我知道害怕是没用的，找到走出森林的路才是我现在必须做的事情。(心理描写) Though my heart was in my mouth, I knew that it was no use feeling frightened and finding my way out of the forest was what I must do right now. ③(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)沐浴在大自然中不仅激发了我的创造力，而且让我从平时忙碌的学校生活中解脱出来。(告知信) Being bathed in nature not only sparked my creativity but also offered a break from the usual hustle and bustle of school life. ④他考试又不及格使他很羞愧，他羞愧地低着头。(心理描写) His failing in the exam again made him ashamed and he hung down his head in shame. Ⅰ.①Some birds use warm air currents to help them fly. C ②The current money in China is RMB． B ③We should try our best to go with the current of the times. D ④(2025·浙江卷1月)Current students, teachers (including retired) and staff can request items through ILL. A A．adj.现在的；当前的 B．adj.流通的 C．n.气流 D．n.潮流 Ⅱ.①(2025·全国二卷)It changed its menu to exclusively (专门) offer food that would otherwise be thrown away. B ②There was some music playing upstairs.Otherwise the house was silent. C ③It is not permitted to sell or otherwise distribute copies of past examination papers. A A．adv.以其他方式 B．adv.否则；要不然 C．adv.除此以外 Ⅲ.①It is confirmed that China will launch more spacecrafts to the moon in the following year. A ②(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Riders have printed nearly 20，000 short stories and poems since the program was launched last March. C ③(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)The Idler was launched by Tom Hokinson，back in 1993. B ④After the launch of the products，they have won good praises from customers for their convenient and high­efficient superior properties. D A．v.发射(卫星等) B．v.创办；发行 C．v.发动，发起(运动、战役等) D．n.新产品投入市场 1．(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)And in contrast to our increasingly networked lives where the information we consume is monitored and tracked，a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private，“off­line” activity.监视，监听 2．With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast­moving trains would be able to react in time.预见，预示 3．David had a brain disease which prevented him from walking or running like other children，but at school his classmates thought of him as a regular kid.正常的；普通的 4．“We floated the idea to my mum of sharing a house，” says Kathryn Whitehead.提出，提请考虑(想法或计划) 名词后缀­cy 名词后缀­cy 主要用于描述某种抽象的状态、条件、品质或属性。 规则 典例 单词以­t 或­te结尾，常变为­cy agent (代理人)→ agency (机构) efficient (高效的)→ efficiency (效率) fluent (流畅的)→ fluency (流畅性) constant (持续的)→ constancy (恒久性) infant (婴儿)→ infancy (婴儿期) president (总统)→ presidency (总统职位) democrat (民主主义者)→ democracy (民主) bankrupt (破产的)→ bankruptcy (破产) private (私人的)→ privacy (隐私) 1．The accuracy (accurate) of the data is crucial for making informed decisions. 2．There is a sense of urgency (urgent) in completing the report before the deadline. 3．The frequency (frequent) of earthquakes in this area has increased over the past year. 发言稿——最喜爱的小说 你班英语老师请大家以“My Favourite Novel”为题准备一份发言稿，以便在下次的口语课上分享，内容包括： 1．书名及作者；2.主要内容；3.心得体会。 Ⅰ.完成句子 1．我很高兴向你们介绍我最喜欢的书《八十天环游地球》，它由法国杰出作家Jules Verne撰写，希望你们也会感兴趣。(in the hope that) I'm glad to introduce you to my favourite book Around the World in Eighty Days written by Jules Verne, an outstanding French writer, in the hope that you will be also interested. 2．这是一部科幻小说，讲述了一位英国绅士Phileas Fogg先生的故事，他决心在八十天内环游世界。(determined, globe) It is science fiction about an English gentleman, Mr Phileas Fogg, who is determined to travel around the globe within eighty days. 3．即使面临许多困难和挑战，他仍继续他的旅程，并最终实现了目标。(carry on) Even faced with lots of difficulties and challenges, he carries on with his journey and finally achieves his goal. 4．作者生动的描述和Phileas Fogg先生对探索世界的强烈愿望给我留下了深刻印象。(desire n．) I am deeply impressed by the writer's vivid description and Mr Phileas Fogg's strong desire for the exploration of the world. 5．只有读了这本小说，我才完全明白是勇气和胆量让我们成功，并激励我们不断前进。(result in) Only by reading this novel have I fully understood it is bravery and courage that result in our success and inspire us to move forward constantly. Ⅱ.连句成篇 My Favourite Novel Hello，everyone. I'm glad to introduce you to my favourite book Around the World in Eighty Days written by Jules Verne, an outstanding French writer, in the hope that you will be also interested. It is science fiction about an English gentleman, Mr Phileas Fogg, who is determined to travel around the globe within eighty days. Even faced with lots of difficulties and challenges, he carries on with his journey and finally achieves his goal. I am deeply impressed by the writer's vivid description and Mr Phileas Fogg's strong desire for the exploration of the world. Only by reading this novel have I fully understood it is bravery and courage that result in our success and inspire us to move forward constantly. [情感细节描写：震惊、惊讶(一)] Step 1　语料积累 教材 语料 亮词 determined；disappointed；desire；in the hope of doing sth；keen；shallow；launch；leap；carry on；signal；figure out；argue；result in；monitor；provide for sb；run out；so as to (do sth) 美句 1.However，scientists were determined to realise that dream. 2．As a result，space­based science has helped farming in its efforts to grow enough food to feed Earth's increasing population. 拓展 语料 单词 shocked adj.震惊的；stunned adj.惊讶的；amazed adj.大为惊奇的；astonished adj.感到十分惊讶的 语块 to one's shock/surprise/amazement/astonishment令某人惊讶的是；wear a look of surprise on one's face面带惊讶的表情；be numb with surprise/shock惊呆；a look of surprise spread over/flash across one's face脸上闪过惊讶的表情；too surprised to utter a word/be speechless with shock惊讶得说不出话 句型 1.Rose froze with shock，as if rooted on the ground. 罗斯惊呆了，好像扎根在地上一样。 2.So stunned was she that she could hardly say any word. 她惊愕得说不出话来。 3.At the news of his death，I was so shocked that I went numb. 听到他去世的消息，我如此震惊，呆若木鸡。 4.I stared at him in shock and a faint sound of surprise escaped my throat. 我惊愕地盯着他，喉咙里发出微弱的惊愕声。 5.They stopped in their tracks，raised their heads and stared at him in amazement. 他们停下脚步，抬起头，惊讶地注视着他。 6.A look of surprise spread over the face of my companion as he listened to my story. 我的同伴听着我的故事，脸上露出惊讶的表情。 Step 2　语料运用 一、单句写作 1. 当他打开电脑开始查看邮件时，他的脸上闪过一丝惊讶，但是又立即消失了。 When he turned on his computer and began to check the email, a spark of surprise flashed across his face, but soon disappeared. 2．他直起身，目瞪口呆地看着我。 He straightened up and looked at me, with his mouth wide open． 3．显然，他被她的话震惊了， 惊愕的表情在他的脸上蔓延开来。 He was obviously shocked by her words and a look of shock spread over his face． 4．当我感觉到有人拍我的肩膀时，我一下子跳了起来，如遭雷击。我转过身，睁大眼睛惊讶地看着这个陌生人。 I leaped up as if I had been struck by thunder when I felt someone patting me on the shoulder. I turned around and looked at the stranger in wide­eyed astonishment． 二、语段补全[太空事故] News came that all astronauts on board died during their mission.Hearing the news，people all over the country 1.were numb with shock(惊呆了).2.So stunned was the president that(总统都惊呆了；倒装句) his throat felt tight，3.unable to utter a word(一句话也说不出来；形容词短语作状语).The disaster made everyone sad and disappointed，but 4.the desire to explore the universe (探索宇宙的愿望)never died.Scientists and astronauts determined to figure out the reason and 5.carry on their research (继续研究)so as to console those who sacrificed for the cause and make contributions to all mankind. 段落大意题之行文结构定主题 [解题思维] [真题例析] (2025·浙江卷1月阅读D节选) 　　Martin sees a silver lining, however: She believes that anthropomorphism (拟人化) “provides an opportunity to change stereotypes.” When women are put into positions of leadership like running companies, it reduces negative stereotypes about women. Similarly, anthropomorphized products could be created to take on stereotype­inconsistent roles—a male robot that assists with nursing or a female robot that helps do calculations, for instance. 35.What does the last paragraph mainly talk about？ A．The quality of genderless products. B．The upside of gendering a product. C．The meaning of anthropomorphism. D．The stereotypes of men and women. 根据“Martin sees a silver lining, however: She believes that anthropomorphism (拟人化) ‘provides an opportunity to change stereotypes.’”以及后文所举的例子可知，本段主要讲了赋予产品性别有积极的一面，即可以通过拟人化改变刻板印象。 参考答案： B 限时规范训练(15) (建议用时：30分钟　满分：42.5分) Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分) A (2026·广东部分学校模拟)A meteor is an ancient space rock that falls to Earth. As it races through the atmosphere, both the rock and the air around it heat up and produce light. A fireball is an exceptionally bright meteor. Although millions of meteors enter Earth's atmosphere daily, most are very small and burn into dust. However, parts of larger meteors may survive and hit the ground without burning up; these are called meteorites. On June 26th, a fireball passing through the atmosphere over the southeastern US drew people's attention across seven states. Although fireballs are typically observed at night, this one was exceptionally bright­visible even during the day. It also generated a powerful sonic boom (音爆), caused by travelling faster than sound, which many misinterpreted as an earthquake. However, one house in McDonough, Georgia experienced a much closer encounter: Several small meteorites shot through its roof. One piece, roughly the size of a cherry tomato, went through a metal tube, passed through the ceiling, and landed on the floor—just 4.25 meters away from the homeowner. Scientists from the University of Georgia(UGA)contacted the homeowner to study the impact and the meteorite. According to UGA geologist Scott Harris, the rock may have been moving at speeds up to 3，600 kph when it struck the house. Although part of the meteorite was pulverized upon impact, UGA obtained 23 grams of the total 50 grams of recovered space rock from the house. Harris conducted an analysis of the rock. Harris identified it as an ordinary chondrite—a stony meteorite composed of material dating back to the formation of our Solar System. His tests indicate it's about 4.56 billion years old, making it about 20 million years older than Earth. Harris believes the meteorite originated from a larger asteroid (小行星) in the belt between Mars and Jupiter, which broke apart around 470 million years ago. It's expected to be officially named the McDonough Meteorite, following the convention of naming meteorites after where they land. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。一颗异常明亮的火流星在白天划过天空并产生音爆，其碎片击中了佐治亚州的一栋房屋。随后，佐治亚大学的科学家对回收的陨石碎片进行了分析，确定了其古老的年龄、分类及可能的来源，并打算以其坠落地点为其命名。 1．What does paragraph 1 mainly talk about？(　　) A．The brightness and frequency of fireballs. B．The definitions of meteors and meteorites. C．The effects of meteors' entering atmosphere. D．The formation and composition of meteorites. 解析：B　段落大意题。根据第一段可知，第一段主要介绍了流星(meteor)和陨石(meteorite)的概念。流星是进入地球大气层的古老太空岩石，在穿越大气层时会发热并产生光。而陨石则是那些较大流星的一部分，它们在穿越大气层后没有完全燃烧，最终落到地面上。 2．What was special about the meteor on June 26th？(　　) A．It was spotted in daylight. B．It caused an actual earthquake. C．It was believed to travel slower. D．It crashed into a house directly. 解析：A　细节理解题。根据第二段“Although fireballs are ... during the day.”可知，这颗6月26日的流星的特殊之处在于它非常明亮，甚至在白天都能看到。 3．What does the underlined word “pulverized” in paragraph 4 mean？(　　) A．Preserved. B．Searched. C．Destroyed. D．Collected. 解析：C　词义猜测题。根据画线词后面“UGA obtained 23 grams of the total 50 grams of recovered space rock from the house”可知，尽管这颗陨石的一部分在撞击时被粉碎，但从这栋房子里回收的50克陨石碎块中，佐治亚大学(UGA)获得了23克。因此，画线词pulverized的含义是“毁坏的”，与C项含义最为一致。 4．What did UGA gain the pieces of the meteorite to do？(　　) A．Protect them from further damage. B．Confirm their potential safety risks. C．Measure their precise weight and size. D．Determine their classification and origin. 解析：D　推理判断题。根据第四段“Scientists from the University of Georgia (UGA) contacted the homeowner to study the impact and the meteorite.”以及第五段可推知，UGA获得陨石碎片是为了研究陨石的撞击情况以及陨石本身。他们对陨石进行了分析，确定了它的分类(普通球粒陨石)和起源(火星和木星之间的小行星带)。 B (2026·云南昆明一中模拟)A trip to Mars is an ultimate packing challenge. Six astronauts on an eight­month trip to Mars will need at least 18，000 kilograms of water for drinking and washing. They'll also need water to protect against rays. These rays can pass right through metal spaceship walls and damage living cells. That's a lot of water. And launching items into space is expensive. It costs about $33，000 to send one cup of water to Mars. But a layer of water placed around the ship can block the rays. Inside a spaceship, the walls have pockets like a big honeycomb, inside which water, dried food and algae (海藻) make hard walls and great radiation protection. And what if the same water could be reused again and again? Flynn, an engineer at NASA, calls his packed­pocket ideal Water Walls. He hopes it will help make a manned mission to Mars a reality very soon. New Water for Old Recycling pee (尿) into drinking water is nothing new. To get clean water again, you just need to filter (过滤) out the extra stuff. As water recycling expert Sherwin Gormly explains, “Filter bags in the Water Walls will take your pee, digest it, and give you back clean water and dry solids.” Water that gets into the air when astronauts breathe and sweat will be recaptured by salt­filled bags. As damp air moves past, the salt absorbs the water to be recycled again for drinking. A Breath of Fresh Algae “Plants are hard to grow in a spacecraft, so we use algae，” Flynn says. Algae will live in bags in the walls too, fed by poop (粪便) and sunlight, taking in carbon dioxide to make their food and giving off oxygen. This onboard recycling system has many advantages. It's tiny, efficient and won't break down. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。科学家发现在发往火星的宇宙飞船上，通过生态循环的方式，如循环利用水资源和养殖海藻，将有助于很快实现载人火星任务。 5．What can Water Walls be used for？(　　) A．Storing food and saving space. B．Keeping out of rays and recycling water. C．Preventing astronauts from being attacked. D．Maintaining the environmental balance on Mars. 解析：B　细节理解题。根据第二段“But a layer of water ... could be reused again and again？”可知，水墙既能抵御辐射，又能循环水。 6．What can we know about New Water for Old？(　　) A．Pee is purified for drinking. B． Sweat is gathered for cleaning. C．Waste water is disinfected with salt. D．Damp air is filtered by filter bags. 解析：A　细节理解题。根据第三段“Recycling pee (尿) into drinking water is nothing new. To get clean water again, you just need to filter (过滤)out the extra stuff.”可知，尿液被净化后可饮用。 7．Why is algae applied in a spaceship on Mars？(　　) A．It can be an air cleaner. B．It can break down poop. C．It can be made into food. D．It can absorb various gases. 解析：A　细节理解题。根据最后一段“Algae will live in ... and giving off oxygen.”可知，藻类可以吸收二氧化碳并释放氧气，起到净化空气的作用。 8．What's the text mainly about？(　　) A．The challenge of sending water to Mars. B．The ecological cycle in a spaceship on Mars. C．The explorations made by humans on Mars. D．The approaches to turning Mars' rubbish into treasure. 解析：B　主旨大意题。根据第一段“A trip to Mars is an ultimate packing challenge.”及全文可知，科学家发现在发往火星的宇宙飞船上，通过生态循环的方式，如循环利用水资源和养殖海藻，将有助于很快实现载人火星任务。 C (2026·河北衡水二中模拟)The moon may hold frozen water in more places and in larger quantities than previously suspected. And for the first time, the presence of water on the moon's sunlit surface has been confirmed, scientists reported. That's good news for astronauts at future lunar bases who could tap into these resources for drinking and making rocket fuel. More than 40，000 square kilometers of lunar surface have the capability to trap water in the form of ice, according to a team led by the University of Colorado's Paul Hayne. That's 20% more area than previous estimates, he said. These latest findings expand the possible landing spots for robots and astronauts. The presence of water in sunlit surfaces had been previously suggested, but not confirmed. The molecules (分子) are so far apart that they are in neither liquid nor solid form, said lead researcher Casey Honniball of NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center. And NASA's astrophysics director Paul Hertz said it's too soon to know whether this water—found in and around the southern hemisphere's sunlit Clavius Crater—would be accessible. As for the shadowed areas believed to be rich in frozen water near the moon's north and south poles, temperatures are so low that they could hold onto the water for millions or even billions of years. These so­called cold traps get down to minus 163 degrees Celsius. Using data from NASA, the researchers identified the size of cold traps and used computer models to get all the way down to micrometers in size. “Since the little ones are too small to see from orbit, despite being vastly more numerous, we can't yet identify ice inside them，” Hayne said, “Once we're on the surface, we will do that experiment.” Scientists believe all this water on the moon came from comets, asteroids (小行星), interplanetary dust, the solar wind or even lunar volcanic eruptions. They'll have a better idea of the sources “if we can get down on the surface and analyze samples of the ice，” Hayne said. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家发现被阳光照射的月球表面存在水，同时还介绍了月球不同区域水的存在形式、分布以及水的来源等相关研究情况。 9．What can be inferred from the text？(　　) A．Water is extremely crucial for space exploration. B．Researchers identified cold traps using computers. C．Scientists knew well the sources of water on the moon. D．Cold traps are found in and around the southern hemisphere. 解析：A　推理判断题。根据第一段“And for the first time, the presence of ... drinking and making rocket fuel.”可知，水对于太空探索极为重要。 10．What do we know from paragraphs 3 and 4？(　　) A．The presence of water hasn't been confirmed. B．Shadowed areas are abundant in frozen water. C．Water can be easy to obtain on the moon soon. D．Water molecules on the moon are closely connected. 解析：B　细节理解题。根据第四段“As for the shadowed areas believed to be rich in frozen water near the moon's north and south poles”可知，阴影区域富含冰冻水，故选B项。 11．What does the underlined word “them” in paragraph 5 refer to？(　　) A．Data. B．Sunlit surfaces. C．Cold traps. D．Computer models. 解析：C　代词指代题。根据第五段“Since the little ones are too small to see from orbit, despite being vastly more numerous, we can't yet identify ice inside them”可知，“them”指代上文提到的“Cold traps(冷阱)”，即现在还无法识别冷阱内部的冰。 12．What is the main idea of the text？(　　) A．The sources of water on the moon. B．Water ice is widespread on the moon. C．Good news for astronauts at lunar bases. D．Moon holds more water than ever thought. 解析：D　主旨大意题。通读全文并根据第一段“The moon may hold frozen water in more places and in larger quantities than previously suspected.”可知，所以文章主要讲月球上的水比以往认为的更多。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每小题2.5分) (2026·湖北部分高中协作体模拟)The hot sun on your skin, sweat going into your eyes—anyone who has played a sport in the middle of summer knows it's not easy. And some people even think adding heat is a good way to get a better workout—like in hot yoga or hot Pilates, which are done in rooms as hot as 38 degrees Celsius. 1 The answer isn't as simple as a yes or no. There may be some benefits of exercising in high temperatures. It is believed that these works warm the muscles, which can help you avoid injuries. 2 This is because they make your heart work a bit harder. But before you turn the heat up, it's not all good news. For one thing, your body might not be able to work as hard in high heat as it can in cooler temperatures, meaning your workout won't be as good as you might like. 3 Because the body sweats more, it's easy to get dehydrated (脱水). Sweating also means losing important salts, so you may feel tightening and discomfort in your muscles or stomach. 4 It is a dangerous state of extreme overheating which happens when your body gets too hot and its temperature goes over 40 degrees Celsius. This situation of high body temperature, like heatstroke (中暑), can cause serious damage to different parts of your body, like your brain, heart, liver and kidneys and in extreme cases, even death. If you do want to try heated exercise, there are ways to make it safer. Drinking lots of water helps stop you from getting dehydrated. 5 And try to wear light clothes—and take breaks when you need to! A．But are high­temperature workouts really better? B．The biggest risk of exercising in heat is heatstroke. C．But why do people like high­temperature workouts? D．Heated works may also help you burn more calories. E．This is why many people prefer to exercise in the cool evening. F．There are also health risks related to exercising in high temperatures. G．Sports drinks will replace any of those important salts you lose from sweat too. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了高温条件下锻炼的利弊，并给出了如何在高温条件下锻炼的建议。 1．解析：A　由上文“And some people even ... 38 degrees Celsius.”及下文“The answer isn't as simple as a yes or no. There may be some benefits of exercising in high temperatures.”和“But before you turn the heat up, it's not all good news.”对高温锻炼利弊的详细分析可知，本空应是一个过渡句，引出对高温锻炼是否真的更好的探讨。A项能承上启下，符合题意。故选A。 2．解析：D　由上文“It is believed that these works warm the muscles, which can help you avoid injuries.”及下文“This is because they make your heart work a bit harder.”可知，本空应继续阐述高温锻炼的益处，D项符合语境，能承接上文并引出下文对心脏工作更努力的解释。 3．解析：F　由上文“For one thing, your body ... you might like.”及下文“Because the body ... your muscles or stomach.”可知，本空应指出高温锻炼也存在健康风险，F项能承上启下，符合题意。 4．解析：B　由下文“It is a dangerous state of ... goes over 40 degrees Celsius.”可知，本空应具体指出高温锻炼的最大风险是中暑，B项能引出下文，符合题意。 5．解析：G　由上文“If you do want to try ... from getting dehydrated.”及下文“And try to wear light clothes—and take breaks when you need to！”可知，本空应继续给出高温锻炼时的安全建议，G项符合语境，能承接上文并引出下文对穿着和休息的建议。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $