必修第二册 UNIT 4 HISTORY AND TRADITIONS(教师用书Word)-【高考领航】2027年高考英语大一轮复习学案（创新版）

该高中英语高考复习讲义围绕“人与社会——历史、社会及文化”主题语境，系统覆盖词汇（核心单词、派生单词）、短语、句型及阅读、写作等高考核心考点，知识点按“默写自查-学以致用”逻辑架构，通过考点梳理、方法指导（如派生单词构词法、句型公式应用）、真题训练（限时规范训练含阅读、完形、语法填空）等环节，帮助学生构建知识网络，突破难点。 资料亮点在于分层设计与素养融合，如“学以致用”模块通过单词拼写、词形变化等基础练习夯实语言能力，结合词义猜测题类比关系等真题策略培养思维品质，写作部分融入自然环境细节描写语料积累，设置基础到综合的练习梯度，保障复习效率，为教师把控复习节奏、提升学生应考能力提供有力支撑。

主题语境：人与社会——历史、社会及文化 默写自查 学以致用 一、核心单词 1．individual adj.单独的；个别的 n．个人 2．chief adj.最重要的；最高级别的 n．(公司或机构的)首领；酋长 3．battle n．战役；搏斗 vi.& vt.搏斗；奋斗 4．port n．港口(城市) 5．gallery n．(艺术作品的)展览馆；画廊 6．charge n．收费；指控；主管vt.收费；控告；充电 7．approach n．方法；途径；接近 vt.接近；接洽；着手处理 vi.靠近 8．position n．位置；姿态；职位vt.安装；安置 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．Because we cut down too many trees in the nearby (附近的)areas, many birds now find places within the city to live. 2．(2025·北京卷)While raising an adult is a parent's job, it's also our responsibility as a society to ensure (确保) that we support schools that nurture emotional and identity development. 3．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)A large amount (数量) of research confirms this finding. 二、派生单词 1．belong vi.应在(某处)；适应→belonging n．归属；[pl.] 动产；财物 2．location n．地方；地点；位置→locate vt.位于；找出……的位置→located adj.坐落于；位于 3．fascinating adj.极有吸引力的；迷人的→fascinate v．使……入迷；迷住→fascinated adj.着迷的 4．eager adj.热切的；渴望的→eagerly adv.热切地；急切地→eagerness n．热切；渴望 5．greet vt.问候；迎接→greeting n．问候；致意 6．crowd n．人群；一群人；民众 vt.挤满；使……拥挤→crowded adj.拥挤的 Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空 1．They walked around the surrounding villages and found the surroundings there were all beautiful，surrounded by thick forests and streaming rivers.(surround) 2．The scientist finally achieved his goal and made striking achievements．(achieve) 3．There was a puzzled look on the little girl's face because a puzzling problem puzzled her.(puzzle) 4．It is evident that the man will be sentenced to prison with the newly­found evidence．(evident) 三、重点短语 1．join ...to ...　把……和……连接或联结起来 2．break away (from sb/sth) 脱离；背叛；逃脱 3．belong to 属于 4．as well as 同(一样也)；和；还 5．keep your eyes open (for) 留心；留意 6．in charge 负责；管理 7．take over 接收；接管 8．leave behind 把……抛在后面；留下；遗留 9．have a great influence on 对……有极大影响 Ⅲ.短语填空 1．He is considering selling the old house which belongs to his grandparents and using the money to start a business of his own. 2．You should keep your eyes open for your belongings when going on a trip. 3．When preparing meals, we need to think about variety and taste as well as nutritional value. 4．To solve the population problems, many farmers are encouraged to move to the island, which is joined to the mainland by a bridge. 5．Great changes have taken place in this country since they broke away from conventions and allowed girls to receive education. 四、句型公式 1．if省略结构 So what is the difference between them，if any? 2．with复合结构 The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes，with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle. 3．the way后省略that/in which的定语从句 They introduced the beginnings of the English language, and changed the way people built houses. Ⅳ.句式仿写 1．如果有必要，你可以在周末联系我。(if省略结构) You can contact me on the weekend，if necessary． 2．随着时间的推移，越来越多的学生和老师都渴望加入我们的英语口语俱乐部。(with复合结构) With time going by, more and more students as well as teachers are eager to join our Oral English Club. 3．日常生活中发生的事情会改变你看待世界的方式。 Something that happens in your daily life will change the way you look at the world． 1 surround vt.围绕；包围→surrounding adj.周围的；附近的→surroundings n．周围的事物；环境 surround...with...用……包围…… be surrounded by/with被……包围 【写作金句】　In the competition，all the teams were playing at their best in high spirits，surrounded with all the rest students，who were watching excitedly.(场景描写) 在比赛中，所有的队伍都兴高采烈地发挥着自己的最佳水平，周围都是兴奋地观看比赛的其他学生。 2 charge vt.收费；控告；充电；(向……)冲 n．收费；指控；主管 ·charge sb with (doing) sth ＝accuse sb of (doing) sth 指控某人犯……罪 charge sb money for sth 因某事/物收某人钱 charge at向……发起冲锋，扑向 ·free of charge＝for free免费 in charge of掌管(表状态) take charge of掌管(表动作) in the charge of被……掌管；由……负责 【写作金句】　The fierce wolf，opening its bloody mouth，sprang to its feet and charged at me as if to eat me up.(动作描写) 恶狼张开血淋淋的嘴巴，跳起来扑向我，好像要把我吃掉似的。 3 announce vt.宣布；通知；声称→announcement n．宣布；通知→ announcer n．广播员；解说员 ·announce sth to sb向某人宣布某事 It is announced that...据宣布…… as is announced...正如宣布的那样…… ·make an announcement (to sb)(向某人)发通知 【写作金句】　(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)The social studies teacher burst into the classroom to announce the news, his face beaming with excitement. 社会学习老师冲进教室宣布这个消息，脸上洋溢着兴奋的笑容。 4 amount n．金额；数量 v．总计，共计；相当于，等于 ·the amount of...……的数量 “大量/少量的”表达： a large(vast) /small amount of＋n.[U]＋v.(单数) large(vast)/small amounts of＋n.[U]＋v.(复数) ·amount to共计，总计；等于，相当于 【写作金句】　Also，vast amounts of medicinal products come from the ocean, including ingredients that help fight cancer and heart disease. 此外，大量药品来自海洋，其中包括有助于对抗癌症和心脏病的成分。 5 approach n．接近；方法；途径 vt.接近；接洽；着手处理 vi.靠近 ·an approach to (doing) sth (做某事的)方法/途径 at the approach of...在快到……的时候 ·with...approaching在……快到的时候 【写作金句】　(2024·全国甲卷)In conclusion, all these advancements highlight China's innovative approach to developing a modern, energy­efficient and environmentally friendly transportation system. 总之，所有这些进步都凸显了中国在建设现代化、节能且环保的交通系统方面所采取的创新方法。 6 eager adj.热切的；渴望的→eagerly adv.热切地；急切地→eagerness n．渴望；热切 ·be eager to do sth 渴望做某事 be eager for sth 渴望得到某物 ·with eagerness＝eagerly热切地；急切地 hide one's eagerness掩饰某人的渴望 【写作金句】　(2025·全国一卷)Based on interesting facts, hobbies, or achievements of a mysterious “someone”， maybe a classmate, teacher, or even a leader, readers will be eager to guess who it is. 基于神秘“某人”的有趣事实、爱好或成就，读者会急切地猜测此人是谁，这个人可能是同学、老师，甚至是领导者。 7 belong to属于；是……的成员；是……的组成部分{belong vi.应在(某处)；适应，合得来→ belonging n．[U]归属；[pl.]动产，财物} a sense of belonging归属感 注意：belong to 没有被动语态和进行时态，用作非谓语时要使用doing形式，用法相同的短语还有date back to(追溯到)，consist of(包括)，take place(发生)等。 【写作金句】　After years of moving around，he finally found a sense of belonging in his new hometown. 在漂泊多年后，他终于在新的家乡找到了归属感。 8 as well as同(一样也)；和；还 ·as well as常用来连接两个并列的成分，如名词、形容词、动词、介词，通常不位于句首。连接并列主语时，谓语动词的数与as well as前面的主语保持一致(就远原则)。 ·用作介词时，as well as相当于besides，in addition to，意思为“除……之外”，后面通常接名词或动名词，尤其是位于句首时。 ·as well表示“也；又；还”，常放在句子末尾，作为副词短语使用。 ·may/might as well do sth倒不如做某事；不妨做某事 【写作金句】　I'm sure the visitors will be amazed by the beautiful scenery in Jiuzhaigou as well as the construction Dujiangyan Irrigation Project. 我相信游客们会被九寨沟的美丽风景和都江堰灌溉工程所震撼。 9 if的省略结构 So what is the difference between them，if any? 如果有的话，那么它们之间的区别是什么呢？ if any(如果有的话)是一个省略句，相当于if (there is/are) any... if not如果不是这样的话 if so如果是这样的话 if ever如果曾有的话 if necessary如果有必要的话 if possible如果可能的话 【写作金句】　If not，please let me know in advance so that I can make adjustment accordingly.(邀请信) 如果不可以，请提前通知我，以便我做出相应的调整。 10 with复合结构 The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes，with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle. “绿宝石(爱尔兰)岛”风光宁静秀美，郡县草木葱茏，青山连绵起伏，牛羊点缀其中，堪称一场名副其实的视觉盛宴。 with复合结构在句中作状语和定语，主要包括： ·with＋宾语＋to do(表示将来的动作) ·with＋宾语＋doing(表示主动或进行) ·with＋宾语＋done(表示被动或完成) ·with＋宾语＋介词短语/形容词/副词 【写作金句】　(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)It stood tall and proud, with its branches reaching out as if to embrace the sky. 它高大而自豪地矗立着，枝条伸展出去，仿佛要拥抱天空。 1 surround ①Surrounding yourself with people who will provide you with support can be very beneficial. ②And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds surrounding (surround) the mountain tops，he was reduced to tears. ③Would you please offer me some good advice on how to adapt to the unfamiliar surroundings (surround)? ④(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)我写信是想告诉你我们上周五在公园上的美术课。这是一次美妙的经历。我画了一个被树木环绕的宁静湖泊，有几只鸭子在平静地游动。(活动介绍) I'm writing to tell you about the art class we had in the park last Friday.It was a wonderful experience.I painted a serene lake surrounded by/with trees，with a few ducks swimming peacefully. 2 charge ①The generous owner charging me nothing for the noodles，I felt a wave of warmth and gratitude welling up in my heart. ②The museum entry is free of charge every first Sunday of the month，so it's a great opportunity for families to explore new exhibits. ③我是李华，负责学校广播站的英语节目《Talk and Talk》。 I'm Li Hua，in charge of the English program “Talk and Talk” in the school radio station. 3 announce ①The host announced to us that a painting exhibition would be held in the city gallery next weekend. ②It is announced (announce) that a new railway station will be built here to promote local tourism. ③请注意。现在我有一则重要的通知要宣布。我们学校的英语广播站正在寻找一名能够说流利且地道英语的播音员。有感兴趣的人可以在本周内提出申请。 Attention please.Now I have an important announcement to make．Our school's English broadcast station is looking for an announcer who is capable of speaking fluent and authentic English.Anyone who is interested can apply this week. 4 amount ①Yesterday large amounts of honey and butter were (be) used to make this kind of snack. ②A large amount of money was spent (spend) on the construction of the school last year. ③暑假期间我总共挣了300美元，这笔钱可以帮助养活我的家人。 The money I earned during the summer holiday amounted to 300 dollars，which could help support my family. 5 approach ①Our teacher employed a new approach to solving (solve) problems that made them easier to understand. ②随着五一国际劳动节的临近，我们学校开展了“帮助家长做家务”的活动，旨在培养学生的责任感和感恩之心。(活动介绍) →With the May Day approaching/As the May Day is approaching，our school launched an activity of “Helping Parents Do Housework”，aiming to cultivate a sense of responsibility and gratitude in students. →At the approach of the May Day，our school launched an activity of “Helping Parents Do Housework”，aiming to cultivate a sense of responsibility and gratitude in students. 6 eager ①He eagerly (eager) wanted to give a special present to Grandma，but he was short of money. ②When asked whether he wanted a gift for his birthday，the boy couldn't hide his eagerness(eager). (心理描写) ③(2024·浙江卷1月)皮特教练盯着她，微笑着，对她竖起大拇指。一半兴奋，一半怀疑，伊娃走到他跟前，急切地想知道他夸奖她的原因。 (动作＋神情描写) Coach Pit stared at her，smiling，and gave her a big thumbs­up.Half excited，half doubtful，Eva came up to him and was eager to know the reason why he praised her. 7 belong to ①Having donated most of his belongings(belong)，the poet almost had nothing left in the house. ②We were reminded to take everything belonging(belong) to us before getting off the train. ③正是因为你的慷慨帮助，我很快就产生了归属感，适应了新的环境。 It was because of your generous assistance that I soon developed a sense of belonging and adapted to the new surroundings． 8 as well as ①Your wife as well as you is (be) friendly and generous，for which I am very grateful. ②As well as eating(eat) a five­course meal，they drank seven bottles of wine. ③天气太糟了，外面狂风不停，暴雨如注，我们还是待在家里为好。(环境描写) The weather is so bad, with strong winds blowing and heavy rain pouring, that we might as well stay at home． ④她泪如泉涌，心也要碎了。(情感描写) Tears welled up in her eyes，and her heart seemed to be torn as well． 9 if的省略结构 ①There may be some mistakes in my composition. If any (如果有的话), please help me point them out.(求助信) ②If possible (如果有可能的话), try to go to bed and wake up at the same time every day.(建议信) ③If it is necessary，our school will provide the students with the language training courses. →If necessary, our school will provide the students with the language training courses. ④我想知道这个星期五晚上你是否方便到机场接我。如果是这样的话，那就再好不过了。如果不方便，那就请提前帮我订一辆出租车。 I am wondering if it's convenient for you to pick me up at the airport this Friday night.If so，it couldn't be better.If not，please help me book a taxi in advance. 10 with复合结构 ①With the victory announced(announce)，all people present cheered up with great joy. ②With so many tricky problems to approach(approach)，the newly­elected president will have a tough period to go through. ③他扑进母亲怀里，眼里涌出了悔恨的泪水。 He threw himself into his mother's arms，with tears of regret welling up in his eyes． ④皓月当空，我们围坐在一起，吃着月饼，欣赏着月亮。 With the bright moon up in the sky，we sat together，eating mooncakes and admiring the moon. Ⅰ.①My phone is having a dead battery；please help me charge it. E ②To our shock，the shy man should be charged with murdering his wife. D ③They normally charge three hundred pounds but we got it for half price. B ④The dog barked，jumping—four feet in the air—mouth open and charging at the man. F ⑤One moment it was quiet and calm in the forest；the next，the air was charged with tension. G ⑥Failure to provide enough chaper ones will result in an extra charge of $50 per absent adult. A ⑦People who dress up as Roman soldiers in charge of photos won't be allowed near hot tourist spots. C A．n.收费 B．v.收费；要价 C．n.掌管；负责 D．v.指控；控告 E.v.充电 F.v.向……冲 G.v.使充满 Ⅱ.①The students approach their teacher for advice. B ②(2025·全国二卷)This approach spared me the discomfort of having to over­explain. D ③Not seeing or hearing any fire engines approaching，Grant rushed to a side entrance and ran up the stairs. A ④Human qualities also involve how you think，how you approach problems，and how you break them down；and that takes a lot of algorithmic(算法) design. C A．vi.靠近；临近 B．vt.接洽；交谈 C．vt.处理 D．n.方法；途径 Ⅲ.①The air smelt of the best baked bread, and customers soon crowded into the store, making the street crowded. D ②I quickly searched the crowd for the school's coach and asked him what had happened. A ③The happy memory of getting along with my best friend crowded in on me/crowded into my mind. C ④We all like to think we stand out from the crowd. B A．n.人群；一群人 B．n.民众 C．v.(想法或观点)涌入(脑子) D．v.聚集；涌向 1．In a wired world with constant global communication, we're all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear.安放，放置；使处于 2．...while money is indeed wonderful and necessary, rereading an author's work is the highest currency a reader can pay them.报酬；回报 3．As we walked into the house, we were greeted by a wonderful smell of baking.朝……扑面而来 4．Nicolo and another bidder battled until Nicolo finally won the paintings for $32.争夺 5．The wind picked up and thunder rolled.(雷或鼓)隆隆作响 名词后缀­th 名词后缀­th主要将形容词 (或少数动词)转变为抽象名词，表示性质、状态或程度。 规则 典例 直接加­th warm (温暖的)→ warmth (温暖) grow (生长)→ growth (生长) 去e再加­th wide (宽的)→width (宽度) true (真实的)→truth (真理) 不规则变化 dead (死的)→death (死亡) young (年轻的)→youth (青春) broad (宽阔的)→breadth (宽度) long (长的)→length (长度) 1．It is reported that the length (long) of the movie is over three hours. 2．Her greatest strength (strong) is her ability to stay calm under pressure. 3．I was impressed by the depth (deep) of his knowledge on the subject. 邮件——中国传统文化 假定你是李华。你校计划举办介绍中国传统文化的主题班会，并在英文网站展示。请你写一封邮件给外国朋友Chris，向他了解哪些中国传统文化更吸引外国友人。邮件内容包括： 1．阐明写信事由；2.征求建议；3.表示感谢。 Ⅰ.完成句子 1．我们学校宣布了一项介绍中国传统文化的活动。(announce) Our school has announced an activity to introduce traditional Chinese culture. 2．作为班长，我负责我们的班会，所以我现在急需你的帮助。(charge, eager) As a monitor, I am in charge of our class meeting, so I am eager for your help now. 3．众所周知，中国有许多迷人而独特的传统文化和习俗。(fascinating, as well as, custom) It is widely acknowledged that China has large numbers of fascinating and unique traditional cultures as well as customs. Ⅱ.连句成篇 Dear Chris， How's everything going? Our school has announced an activity to introduce traditional Chinese culture. The activity is scheduled to be held on May 15 in the form of class meetings and the display will start on May 25. As a monitor, I am in charge of our class meeting, so I am eager for your help now. It is widely acknowledged that China has large numbers of fascinating and unique traditional cultures as well as customs. I am wondering which ones would attract you foreigners most. Given your passion for traditional Chinese culture, your suggestions will be greatly helpful to us. I am looking forward to your early reply. Yours， Li Hua [自然环境细节描写(二)] Step 1　语料积累 教材 语料 亮词 eager；puzzle；fascinate；break away from sb/sth；belong to；surround；battle；keep your eyes open (for)；approach；greet；crowd 美句 1.Its beautiful countryside excites and inspires all，offering something for each of the senses. 2．And down by the sea，the roar of the ocean waves and cries of the seabirds make up the music of the coast. 3．With all this beauty，it is not surprising that Ireland has developed strong traditions that include music，dancing and dining. 4．The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes，with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle. 5．On a quiet morning in the mountains，feel the sun on your skin，and breathe in the sweet scent of fresh flowers while birds greet the new day with their morning song. 拓展 语料 单词 thunder n．/v.雷声/打雷；spring n．春天；泉水；horizon n．地平线；dew n．露水；露；colourful adj.五彩斑斓的；freezing adj.极冷的；snow­covered adj.积雪覆盖的；frozen adj.结冰的；golden adj.金黄色的 语块 spring showers春雨；cherry blossoms樱花盛开；look like the boundless yellow carpet看起来像无边无际的黄色地毯；a season for harvest/revival丰收/复苏的季节；be covered with a layer of green覆盖一层绿色；be dotted with shining stars繁星点点；wrinkle the surface of the lake使湖面泛起波纹；be bathed in the golden sunshine沐浴在金色的阳光里；tall branches waving in the wind高高的树枝在风中摇曳 句型 1.Birds flew around the woods singing cheerfully and restlessly. 鸟儿在树林里飞翔，不停地欢唱。 2.Spring thunder rumbled with continuous rain which moistened the whole earth. 春雷隆隆，连绵的雨水滋润着整个大地。 3.With the wind gently blowing，the leaves on the trees danced gracefully in the air. 微风吹拂着，树上的叶子在空中优雅地舞动。 4.A gentle breeze came up，wrinkling the surface of the lake.It was really a beautiful morning. 一阵微风吹过，使湖面泛起波纹。这真是一个美丽的早晨。 5.It was a clear stream which ran quite merrily along on its narrow way through the damp greenness. 穿过这片潮湿的绿草地，一条清澈的小溪沿着狭窄的水道欢快地流淌着。 6.The ground was covered with tender grass，on whose blades some dew drops were glistening in the sunshine. 地上长满了嫩草，叶子上一些露珠在阳光下闪闪发光。 7.The sun just crept out of the eastern horizon and rays of golden red penetrated through the white clouds and across the sky. 太阳刚刚从东方的地平线上爬出来，数缕金红色的光线穿透了白云，划过天空。 Step 2　语料运用 一、单句写作 1．鸟鸣声弥漫在空气中，成为这一天欢快的配乐。 The birdsong filled the air，a cheerful soundtrack to the day. 2．微风吹拂着树叶，在寂静中发出令人平静的声音。 The gentle breeze rustled the leaves，a calming sound in the silence． 3．秋天树叶的颜色是大自然艺术的惊人展示。 The colors of the autumn leaves were a breathtaking display of nature's art． 4．太阳从地平线上升起，给天空染上了橙色和粉色的色调。 The sun peeked over the horizon，painting the sky with shades of orange and pink． 5．海浪轻轻拍打着海岸，奏出一曲舒缓的交响乐。 The waves gently lapped against the shore，creating a soothing symphony of sounds． 二、语段补全[人与自然] With spring approaching，1.the earth gets covered with a layer of green(大地被覆盖了一层绿色).On a beautiful morning，we started our camping out of city.As we approached the campsite surrounded by mountains，we could hardly contain our excitement.On reaching there，my mom opened the door of the car immediately，2.charged outside and eagerly urged us to put up the tent(冲到外面并急切地催促我们搭起帐篷).The surrounding landscape was so fascinating that it was really a true feast for our eyes.3.Bathed in the golden sunshine(沐浴在金色的阳光下；分词作状语)，we lay on the grass with a light heart.Birds were singing happily as if they were warmly greeting us.My family chatted comfortably，4.sweet memories of the past crowding in on us(过去的美好回忆涌上我们的心头；独立主格结构). 词义猜测题之利用类比关系 [解题思维] [真题例析] (2023·全国乙卷阅读D节选) In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides，there are victories accidentally or deliberately twisted，especially when only the victors know how to write.Those who are on the losing side often have only their things to tell their stories.The Caribbean Taino，the Australian Aboriginals，the African people of Benin and the Incas，all of whom appear in this book，can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made：a history told through things gives them back a voice.When we consider contact (联系) between literate and non­literate societies such as these，all our first­hand accounts are necessarily twisted，only one half of a dialogue.If we are to find the other half of that conversation，we have to read not just the texts，but the objects. 34.What does the underlined word “conversation” in paragraph 3 refer to？ A．Problem. B． History. C．Voice. D．Society. 利用类比关系猜测词义。根据画线词上文“a history told through things gives them back a voice”和“all our first­hand accounts are necessarily twisted，only one half of a dialogue.If we are to find the other half of that conversation，we have to read not just the texts，but the objects”可知，作者将历史类比成一场对话，对话的一半是文字，另一半是实物。故此处画线词conversation指代的是“历史”。 参考答案： B 限时规范训练(10) (建议用时：40分钟　满分：50分) Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分) A (2026·河南名校模拟)Wayfinding— the art of navigating (导航) using the wind, stars, ocean swells, and other environmental cues—was how sailors from the Marquesas Islands first discovered Hawaii more than 1，500 years ago. These skills are helping to restore a sense of pride in Pacific Island culture and heritage. But beyond that, wayfinding holds surprising relevance for the rest of us landlubbing urbanites, even if we have no intention of crossing vast oceans in a canoe. Wayfinding is how humans have found their way for most of our existence. It's what enabled the aboriginals, Arab nomads and Inuits to journey across monotonous (单调的) yet shifting landscapes of land, desert, and ice. Traditional navigation is about “using everything that's provided to you in nature”， says Junior Coleman, who oversees sailing and seamanship in his own company. “We use all the elements and forces in nature—the sun, stars, moon, waves, currents, clouds and different animals. All of those.” One of Coleman's favorite cues, for instance, is the North Star. “It's very reliable when you sail north of the equator. As you go towards it, it appears to get higher in the sky, so it kind of corresponds with your latitude.” Another cue is ocean swells­waves formed by permanent weather systems, such as trade winds, that can travel hundreds of miles. Subtle changes in their refraction patterns can indicate an island and its location. But learning to “read” such swells is one of the hardest skills to master­navigators often speak of lying down on their canoes to feel, rather than see, such waves. Coleman encourages everyone to give natural navigation a go, “I promise you, the brain just loves it，” he says, “there's almost no other art that I can think of where you can exercise your brain in a fantastically positive way.” 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了航海术，阐述其历史意义、传统航海利用的自然元素、具体导航方式及其对锻炼大脑的积极作用。 1．What's the function of the first paragraph？(　　) A．To put forward an argument. B．To introduce the topic of the text. C．To make readers think deeply. D．To describe a historical fact. 解析：B　推理判断题。第一段讲述了古代航海者利用航海术发现夏威夷岛，接着提到这些技能对恢复太平洋岛屿文化和遗产自豪感的作用，最后话锋一转说航海术对城市居民也有惊人的意义，这种从古代航海到现代城市居民的跨度，是为了引出本文要介绍的话题——Wayfinding，所以第一段的功能是引出文章主题。 2．What does the second paragraph mainly talk about？(　　) A．Junior Coleman succeeded in the journey across desert. B．Nature elements provide everything people need in navigation. C．Ancient people were good at finding ways in the wild. D．Traditional navigation has played a vital role throughout. 解析：D　段落大意题。根据第二段可知，在人类大部分生存时间里，传统导航一直在发挥作用，接着举例原住民、阿拉伯游牧民和因纽特人利用传统导航在不同地形中旅行，说明传统导航一直以来发挥着重要作用。 3．How to use waves to navigate according to the text？(　　) A．By observing the height of the waves. B．By noticing certain changes of the waves. C．By following the direction the waves go to. D．By lying down and listening to the waves. 解析：B　细节理解题。根据第三段“Another cue is ... indicate an island and its location.”可知，可以通过注意海浪折射模式的细微变化(也就是海浪的某些变化)来导航。 4．What does Junior Coleman think of natural navigation？(　　) A．Mind­challenging. B．Potential­inspiring. C．Time­consuming. D．Logic­strengthening. 解析：A　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，Coleman认为自然导航能以非常积极的方式锻炼大脑，也就是具有思维挑战性的。 B (2025·湖北武汉武昌区模拟)In a working­class neighborhood on the south side of El Paso, the tap, tap, tap of Jose Contreras' hammer (锤子) echoes from inside the blue warehouse on Cotton Street. Nearby, Victor Rodriguez narrows his eyes as he gently moves one side of a boot top beneath the needle of an antique Singer sewing machine, creating a flame­shaped stitch (针脚) in clean white thread. “These guys are some of the best in the world，” says Joey Sanchez, owner of the boot company CABOOTS, whose family has employed Contreras and Rodriguez for more than 30 years. But when he looks around the tiny shop on Cotton Street, he can't help but remember the way it used to be. “When I was a kid, this place was loaded with bootmakers.” he says, recalling the noise created by their hammers, sanders, and sewing machines. Today, Contreras and Rodriguez aren't just the only bootmakers in the shop — even in their early 60s, they're among the youngest bootmakers left in the business. There's a name for craftsmen like them, according to Sanchez. Agujas de oro, or Golden Needles, are artisans who still know how to make boots the old­fashioned way. Many have been doing it since they were kids, growing up near the United States­Mexico border. As big boot companies turned to technology to streamline production and reduce costs, producers in El Paso—where celebrities still arrive to pick out their flashy footwear—are struggling to replace these artisans when they retire or pass away. In fact, Agujas de oro are in such high demand around the Texas border town that many of them work at more than one shop. “Shoemakers are a dying group，” Jose Sanchez says, nodding toward Rodriguez and Contreras, each preoccupied by the bit of leather in their hands. “You just can't find guys like these anymore. All the stuff they do by hand, other people do with machines. But machines just don't do it as well.” 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述美国埃尔帕索(El Paso)传统靴匠面临的行业困境：随着大型制靴公司转向技术生产，以 Contreras 和 Rodriguez 为代表的传统手工匠(Agujas de oro，“金针”)逐渐老龄化，技艺传承后继无人，传统制靴工艺面临衰退。 5．What is the main purpose of the second paragraph？(　　) A．To highlight the decline of bootmaking. B．To introduce Joey Sanchez's childhood. C．To showcase bootmaking techniques. D．To describe the work environment. 解析：A　推理判断题。根据第二段中Joey Sanchez回忆内容“When I was a kid, this place was loaded with bootmakers.”可知，Joey Sanchez小时候靴匠云集，可推理出第二段通过对比过去靴匠云集的热闹场景与当下店铺里仅存几位工匠的现状，突出传统制靴行业的衰退。 6．Why are Contreras and Rodriguez called “among the youngest” in their field？(　　) A．They adopted new techniques. B．They started boot­making late. C．Most artisans have retired or died. D．The boot shop hired senior craftsmen. 解析：C　细节理解题。根据第四段可知，许多传统工匠已退休或离世，导致Contreras和Rodriguez在行业中成为“相对年轻”的存在。 7．What makes Agujas de oro highly valued？(　　) A．Their reliance on mass production. B．Their contribution to reduced costs. C．Their preference for famous clients. D．Their commitment to traditional skills. 解析：D　细节理解题。第三段提到“Agujas de oro, or Golden Needles, are artisans who still know how to make boots the old­fashioned way.”以及最后一段进一步强调“...All the stuff they do by hand, other people do with machines. But machines just don't do it as well.”可知，他们的价值在于对传统手工技艺的坚守。 8．What is Jose Sanchez's attitude towards the future of shoemakers？(　　) A．Hopeful. B．Pessimistic. C．Excited. D．Unconcerned. 解析：B　观点态度题。根据最后一段可知，何塞·桑切斯认为制鞋匠这个群体正在逐渐消失，很难找到像他们这样的手艺人了，可推断其对传统鞋匠的未来持悲观态度。 Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分) (2025·吉林长春模拟)My grandmother's kitchen was special for me. It was where I did homework, had discussions with family and 1 helped cook a meal where I was an excellent taste 2 . My grandmother felt 3 when I couldn't help taking more than one bite. Some of my most precious memories of my grandmother are centered around the 4 she prepared. Despite my 5 for those memories, I 6 making certain dishes that reminded me of her. A small part of me knew whatever I made wouldn't taste the same, and the thought of having 7 her made me sad. As I'd dealt with that sadness, I began 8 her dishes more than ever. So, I decided to master those meals. When I 9 my grandmother's cooking, I thought of tanabour (an Armenian yogurt soup) and kleicha (an Iraqi date­filled cookie). An online 10 could tell me how to make these dishes, but I wanted to use my grandmother's 11 ． Thankfully, my mom helped me track down my grandmother's recipes. 12 smells oozed (渗出) from my kitchen as each recipe 13 a different memory. While not everything I tried worked as I'd hoped, I surprised myself throughout this 14 and many sweet memories of my family resurfaced. Now I'm 15 to continue making whatever takes me back to my grandmother's kitchen. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者因思念祖母而尝试复刻祖母菜肴，重温温馨记忆的故事。 1．(　　)A．apparently　　　 B．suddenly C．occasionally D．hesitantly 解析：C　根据前文“It was where I did homework, had discussions with family”可知，作者还是个孩子，偶尔会帮忙做饭。 2．(　　)A．instructor B． tester C．supporter D．competitor 解析：B　根据后文“when I couldn't help taking more than one bite”可知，作者是一个很棒的食品测试者，也就是品尝者。 3．(　　)A．ashamed B． concerned C．satisfied D．confused 解析：C　根据后文“when I couldn't help taking more than one bite”可知，作者忍不住多吃一口，祖母会感到很满意。 4．(　　)A．work B． food C．lecture D．equipment 解析：B　根据前文“when I couldn't help taking more than one bite”可知，作者对祖母最珍贵的回忆都集中在她做的食物上。 5．(　　)A．fondness B． respect C．responsibility D．preparation 解析：A　根据前文“Some of my most precious memories of my grandmother are centered around the she prepared.”可知，作者对祖母最珍贵的回忆都集中在她做的食物上，所以作者很喜欢这些回忆。 6．(　　)A．risked B． denied C．regretted D．avoided 解析：D　根据后文“A small part of me knew whatever I made wouldn't taste the same”可知，作者知道自己做的菜味道会不一样，所以作者避免做那些让自己想起祖母的菜。 7．(　　)A．lost B． beaten C．hurt D．forgotten 解析：A　根据下文“made me sad”可知，祖母已经去世了，所以一想到失去了她，作者就感到难过。 8．(　　)A．picking up B． selling out C．checking on D．longing for 解析：D　根据后文“So, I decided to master those meals.”可知，作者比以往任何时候都更渴望祖母的菜肴。 9．(　　)A．filmed B． pictured C．delayed D．advertised 解析：B　根据后文“I thought of tanabour (an Armenian yogurt soup) and kleicha (an Iraqi date­filled cookie)”可知，作者想象祖母做的菜时，就会想到那两样菜。 10．(　　)A．search B． promotion C．debate D．comment 解析：A　根据“An online ”和“could tell me how to make these dishes”可知，作者可以在网上搜索如何做这些菜。 11．(　　)A．opportunities B． predictions C．methods D．quotes 解析：C　根据后文“my mom helped me track down my grandmother's recipes”可知，作者想用祖母的方法做这些菜。 12．(　　)A．Earthy B． Unpleasant C．Fresh D．Familiar 解析：D　根据前文“my mom helped me track down my grandmother's recipes”可知，作者用祖母的方法做这些菜，所以这些菜的香味是作者熟悉的。 13．(　　)A．unlocked B． ruined C．changed D．replaced 解析：A　根据前文“ smells oozed (渗出)from my kitchen”可知，每一道菜都勾起了作者不同的回忆，即每一道菜都打开了作者不同的回忆之门。 14．(　　)A．protest B． process C．dream D．discussion 解析：B　根据前文“I wanted to use my grandmother's ... a different memory”可知，作者在尝试复刻祖母菜肴的过程中，许多关于家人的甜蜜回忆重新浮现。 15．(　　)A．declined B． required C．motivated D．allowed 解析：C　根据前文“I surprised myself throughout this and many sweet memories of my family resurfaced”可知，作者通过复刻祖母的菜肴，重温了许多关于家人的甜蜜回忆，所以作者有动力继续做任何能让自己回到祖母厨房的事情。 Ⅲ.语法填空(每小题1.5分) (2026·皖豫名校联考)The Mandarin Excellence Program, or MEP, 1________(be) a language program funded by the UK's Department for Education and 2________(deliver) through state secondary schools in England. Among the many initiatives across the UK 3________ have fueled the takeoff of Mandarin education, the MEP remains one of the most 4________(influence)． The program, which 5________(launch) in 2016, requires participating students to adjust themselves to the intensive nature of the project, with 6________ average of eight hours of work per week which can consist of in-classroom lessons, after-school teaching, self-study and more. It has far exceeded its initial target of seeing at least 5，000 students in England on track toward fluency in Mandarin by 2020，7________ the number surpassing 16，000 in 2025, significantly more than the less-than 400 participants in 14 schools taking part when it was set up, according to UCL IOE. “The MEP has been a huge success，” said Katharine Carruthers.“8________ has been proven nationally that if you give British children enough learning hours in a week, they too can become very accomplished language 9________(learner)．” According to an independent evaluation report on the MEP's first five years, the 2021 GCSE exams saw the first group of MEP graduates achieve notable results in Mandarin Chinese, 10________(approach) the attainment levels of students in fee-paying independent schools, who are generally considered to devote more time and resources to language learning. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章简要介绍了汉语卓越计划(MEP)，它是由英国教育部资助、通过英格兰公立中学开展的一项语言项目。 1．解析：is　考查时态及主谓一致。本句主语为The Mandarin Excellence Program，陈述一个现存的客观事实，因此用系动词is。 2．解析：delivered　考查非谓语动词。这里填入delivered与前面的funded并列，共同作后置定语，修饰前面的名词短语a language program。deliver意为“开展；实施”。 3．解析：that/which　考查定语从句。这里由关系代词that或which引导一个定语从句，修饰先行词initiatives。 4．解析：influential　考查形容词。本空前的the most暗示这里应该填入一个形容词，形容词influential后面省略了名词initiatives。 5．解析：was launched　考查时态及语态。本句主语为The program，时间状语为in 2016，表达被动概念，因此用一般过去时的被动语态。 6．解析：an　考查冠词。an average of 是一个常见搭配，意为“平均为……”。 7．解析：with　考查介词。这里是一个由“with＋名词＋动词-ing形式”构成的with复合结构。 8．解析：It　考查代词。这里代词It作形式主语，后面that引导的从句作真正主语。 9．解析：learners　考查名词复数。本句主语为they，因此这里应该用可数名词的复数形式。 10．解析：approaching　考查非谓语动词。本句中动词approach与其逻辑主语MEP graduates之间是主动关系，因此用动词-ing形式作状语。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $