必修第一册 UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS(教师用书Word)-【高考领航】2027年高考英语大一轮复习学案（创新版）

该高中英语讲义围绕“人与自然——灾害防范”主题，整合核心词汇、派生单词、重点短语及句型公式，按“基础默写-应用训练-考点拓展”逻辑架构知识点。通过考点梳理（如词汇分类、语法公式）、方法指导（推理判断题解题思维）、真题训练（2024-2025年高考真题）等环节，帮助学生系统突破语言知识与技能难点。 资料采用情境化教学与分层训练结合的创新方法，如情感细节描写模块通过“语料积累-单句写作-语段补全”步骤，培养学生语言能力与思维品质。融入高考真题（如单词拼写题直接使用2025年浙江卷真题），设置基础到提升的分层练习，确保复习效率。为教师提供系统复习框架，助力精准把控节奏，提升学生应考能力。

主题语境：人与自然——灾害防范 默写自查 学以致用 一、核心单词 1．slide vi.& vt.(使)滑行；滑动 2．damage vt.损害；破坏 n．损坏；损失 3．rescue n．& vt.营救；救援 4．destroy vt.摧毁；毁灭 5．shelter n．避难处；居所；庇护 vt.保护；掩蔽 vi.躲避(风雨或危险) 6．supply n．供应(量)；补给；[pl.]补给品 vt.供应；供给 7．emergency n．突发事件；紧急情况 8．calm adj.镇静的；沉着的 vt.使平静；使镇静 9．aid n．援助；帮助；救援物资 vi.& vt.(formal)帮助；援助 10．crash vt.& vi.碰撞；撞击 n．撞车；碰撞 11．sweep vt.& vi.打扫；清扫 12．strike vi.& vt.侵袭；突击；击打 n．罢工；罢课；袭击 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．(2025·浙江卷1月)The man froze for a second, but when he saw the skinny boy he breathed (呼吸) a sigh of relief. 2．(2025·北京卷)For instance, hearing about the power (力量) of redemptive stories, many people may feel forced to find a positive angle on horrible events. 3. (2025·全国二卷)You may know the “feel-good” emotions that come with helping others, but there are even more unexpected ways volunteering will positively affect(影响) the whole family. 4．(2024·浙江卷1月)If I ever get trapped (陷入困境) outside my house again, my local telephone box will, sadly, no longer be able to connect me with my keys. 5. When approaching the finish line, he burst into a big toothy smile and waved (挥手) to me with excitement. 二、派生单词 1．electricity n．电；电能→electric adj.电的；用电的→electronic adj.电子的 2．revive vt.& vi.复活；(使)苏醒→revival n．振兴；复苏 3．wisdom n．智慧；才智→wise adj.明智的→unwise adj.不明智的 4．suffer vt.遭受；蒙受 vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦→suffering n．痛苦；苦难→sufferer n．患者；受难者 5．power n．电力供应；能量；力量；控制力→powerful adj.强有力的；有影响力的→powerless adj.无力的 6．deliver vt.& vi.递送；传达 vt.发表→delivery n．投递；送交 7．effect n．影响；结果；效果→effective adj.有效的 Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空 1．People were shocked to see that the little girl was often beaten by her stepmother.The shocking news shocked all the people around.(shock) 2．Mastering some basic skills would greatly increase your chances of survival．Thanks to the swimming skills, he and his friend succeeded in surviving the terrible flood and they were the only two survivors．(survive) 3．The deadly disease has affected many people and has caused at least 30 deaths up to now.(dead) 4．Yesterday, I climbed the mountain top to breathe the fresh air.Although I became breathless when I was on the top, the breath of fresh air was worth it.(breath) 三、重点短语 1．in ruins　　　　　严重受损；破败不堪 2．in shock 震惊；吃惊 3．set up 建立 4．as usual 像往常一样 5．on hand 现有(尤指帮助) 6．dig out 挖掘 7．in the open air 露天；在户外 8．sweep away 消灭；彻底消除 9．come to an end 结束 10．first aid kit 急救箱 Ⅲ.短语填空 1．Chinese people usually clean their house before the Spring Festival, as they believe in this way the bad luck of the next year will be swept away． 2．Both of them want their dispute to come to an end, but neither is willing to give in. 3．Seeing the city after the quake at the time, she says she was in shock． 4．Whether their wedding ceremony will be held in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather. 四、句型公式 1．too ...to ...太……而不能…… Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat，and dogs refused to go inside buildings. 2．as if ...似乎/好像…… It seemed as if the world were coming to an end! 3．be doing ...when ...正在做……这时(突然)…… I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home. Ⅳ.句式仿写 1．我吓呆了，害怕得不敢移动一步。 I froze with terror，too scared to move an inch. 2．他英语说得非常好，好像在英国居住了很多年似的。 He spoke English perfectly as if he had lived in the UK for many years． 3．上周一，我正在街上散步，突然看到一位老人从自行车上摔了下来。 Last Monday, I was walking in the street when I suddenly saw an old man fall off his bicycle. 1 affect vt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动(move/touch)→effect n．影响(influence/impact)；结果；效果；效力→effective adj.有效的；有影响的(influential) ·be deeply/greatly affected by...被……深深打动/影响 be affected with...染上……疾病 ·have an effect/influence/impact on... 对……有影响 take effect生效；见效 come into effect生效 put...into effect实施；使……生效/起作用 【写作金句】　(2023·全国甲卷)In summary，the great figure affects me greatly.(短文投稿) 总的来说，这位伟人对我有巨大的影响。 2 shock vt.(使)震惊(astonish) n．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克(生义)→shocked adj.感到震惊的(astonished)→shocking adj.令人震惊的(astonishing) ·in shock吃惊，震惊 to one's shock令某人震惊的是 be a great shock to sb 对某人来说非常震惊 ·be shocked at sth/that...对……感到震惊 be shocked to do sth 因做某事而感到震惊 【写作金句】　The unexpected guest and gift shocked me，and I was at a loss what to say.(心理描写) 意外的客人和礼物让我大吃一惊，我不知道该说什么。 3 trap vt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套 n．险境；陷阱 ·be trapped in 被困在……里面 ·fall into/get out of a trap落入/摆脱圈套 lay/set a trap (for)(为……)布下陷阱/设置圈套 【写作金句】　The poor survivor laid/set a simple trap，attempting to catch a rabbit to satisfy his hunger，but in vain. 这位可怜的幸存者设下了一个简单的陷阱，试图抓住一只兔子来充饥，但却是白费力气。 4 bury vt.埋葬；安葬；掩埋；隐藏→burial n．埋葬；葬礼 bury oneself in＝be buried in埋头于，专心于 bury one's face in one's hands双手掩面 【写作金句】　Jennifer sat on the floor，burying her face in her hands，and her body trembled as she softly began to cry.(动作＋情绪描写) 詹妮弗坐在地板上，双手捂着脸，身体颤抖着，轻声地开始哭泣。 5 suffer vt.遭受；蒙受 vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦→suffering n．痛苦；苦难→sufferer n．受难者(victim)；患者(patient) ·suffer from患……病；受……苦 ·suffer作及物动词时，意思同experience(体验；经历)，其后可跟pain，defeat，hardship等词作宾语；suffer from中的from表示原因，意为“因……而受苦”。 【写作金句】　The smiles on their faces have deeply touched me and inspired me to devote my life to helping those suffering pain.(主旨升华) 他们脸上的笑容深深打动了我，激励我致力于去帮助那些遭受痛苦的人。 6 survive vi.生存；存活 vt.幸免；幸存；艰难度过；生还；比……活得长→survivor n．幸存者 →survival n．幸存；生还 survive on靠……存活下来 survive sth 幸免于；从……中活下来 A survives B (by＋时间) A比B活得长(……) 【写作金句】　(2023·浙江卷1月)Leaving the house, I couldn't help wondering how it was getting on now. Had it managed to find its way back home, or was it still out there somewhere struggling to survive？(心理描写) 离开这座房子，我不禁想它现在怎么样了。它是已经设法找到了回家的路，还是仍在某处艰难地生存？ 7 strike vt.& vi.(struck，struck/stricken)击打；(时钟等)敲响；擦(火柴)；突击；侵袭；给(某人以……)印象；突然想起 n．罢工；罢课；袭击 ·be struck with/by被……所打动/袭击 It strikes sb that...某人觉得……；某人突然想起…… sth strikes sb 某人想到…… ·on strike罢工 ·表示“突然想到”的词汇还有hit，occur to等。 【写作金句】　(2025·全国一卷) It struck me that while I was focused on hosting the “perfect” party, I had failed to show empathy for someone who needed it most. 我突然想到，当我专注于举办一场“完美”的派对时，却忽略了向最需要的人展现同理心。 8 as if引导的虚拟语气 It seemed as if the world were coming to an end! 仿佛世界末日即将来临！ ·as if/though引导表语从句时常放在look，seem等系动词之后。 ·as if/though可以引导状语从句，表方式，如果从句所描述的情况是真实的或极有可能发生的，从句谓语用陈述语气；如果从句所描述的情况是不真实的或极少可能发生的，从句谓语用虚拟语气： 与现在事实相反，用一般过去时(be动词一般用were)； 与过去事实相反，用过去完成时； 与将来事实相反，用would/could/might＋动词原形。 【点津】　当as if/though引导方式状语从句时，如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且从句中含有be动词的某种形式，则可以省略从句中的主语和be动词。 【写作金句】　The moment I stepped into the house，it let out a mew of delight as if (it were) telling me it previously lived here.(拟人) 我一走进房子，它就发出了高兴的喵喵声，好像是在告诉我它以前住在这里。 9 be doing...when... I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home. 我和我的三个孩子正在吃早饭，这时海水突然开始灌入屋内。 句中when用作并列连词，意为“这时突然”。when表示“这时突然”之意，还常用于以下句型： ·be about to do...when...正要做……突然…… ·had (just) done...when...刚做完……这时突然…… 【写作金句】　With the jar in my hands，I was walking upstairs in a hurry when one of my feet was caught on one stair.(动作描写) 手里捧着罐子，我正匆忙上楼梯，突然我的一只脚被楼梯绊住了。 1 affect ①Affected with a high fever, he continued with his work. ②Many young people were affected (affect) by his story. They began to do volunteer work for the disabled. ③Affected by his story，many young people began to do volunteer work for the disabled.(把②改为非谓语动词短语作状语) 2 shock ①All of us were shocked at the shocking news that many deaths had been caused by the flood.(shock) ②汤姆在马拉松比赛中赢得冠军，这使我们都非常震惊。 Tom won the championship in the marathon，which was a great shock to/greatly shocked us all． ③听到这个坏消息，玛丽惊呆了，一动不动。(情感描写) Hearing the bad news，Mary froze with shock，and she was rooted to the spot. 3 trap ①People with weak control power are likely to be trapped into buying (buy) useless goods by the webcast. ②Trapped (trap) in the ruins for two days，the girl constantly held a positive attitude，firmly believing that someone would come to her rescue. ③如果我没有和汤姆吵架，没有走开，没有爬到高处，我就不会被困在这个可怕的地方，面临死亡的危险。 Hadn't I quarreled with Tom，walked away and climbed to the high place，I wouldn't have been trapped in this awful place，confronted with the danger of dying. 4 bury ①Hearing the bad news，she buried her face in her hands and burst into tears.(动作描写) →Hearing the bad news，she burst into tears，burying her face in her hands．(现在分词作状语) →Hearing the bad news，she burst into tears，with her face buried in her hands．(with复合结构) →Hearing the bad news，she burst into tears，her face buried in her hands．(独立主格结构) ②自毕业以来，她一直埋头于文物保护和修复工作，在这一领域做出了巨大贡献。(人物介绍) Ever since graduation，she has been buried in/buried herself in relic protection and restoration work，making great contributions in this field. 5 suffer ①Whenever the scores were announced, Susan felt like a sufferer (suffer), her heart racing with anxiety. ②得知我的搭档得了重病，我非常焦虑，所以我冲向了医院。(动作描写) Knowing that my partner was suffering from a serious illness, I was burning with anxiety, so I rushed towards the hospital. ③(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)我的老师感叹道：“在写作的过程中，你一定经历过失败和艰辛。正是这些痛苦使你的意志更加坚强。” My teacher exclaimed，“In the process of writing，you must have suffered defeats and hardships．It is the sufferings that make you more strong-willed.” 6 survive ①Jack is one of those survivors who survived the flood. He told us his survival was owing to the help from a stranger.(survive) ②Although the old lady suffered from a serious illness，she still survived her husband by 5 years. ③生活不在于如何从暴风雨中幸存，而在于学会在雨中翩翩起舞。(主旨升华) Life isn't about how to survive the storm；it's about learning to dance in the rain. 7 strike ①The workers went on strike to demand better working conditions and higher wages. ②(2023·浙江卷1月)我的朋友们都被一只小鸟和它的救命恩人之间的深厚联系深深打动了。 My friends were all deeply struck by/with the profound bond between a little bird and her saver. ③我突然想到一个好主意，我们可以在即将到来的教师节送给老师一份手工制作的礼物。 A good idea struck/hit/occurred to me that we could give a handmade gift to our teacher for the coming Teachers' Day. →It struck/hit/occurred to me that we could give a handmade gift to our teacher for the coming Teachers' Day.(用it作形式主语改写) 8 as if引导的虚拟语气 ①Listen，the whistle of an ambulance！It seems as if there is (be) an emergency. ②When a pencil is partly put into water，it looks as if it were (be) broken. ③(2023·浙江卷1月)这只鸟似乎在等着我，它圆溜溜的眼睛与我对视着，似乎在试图表达某种深沉的、无以言表的感激之情。 It seemed almost as if the bird was waiting for me，and its beady eyes met mine as if trying to convey some deep，unspoken gratitude． 9 be doing...when... ①With the jar in my hands，I was walking (walk) upstairs in a hurry when one of my feet was caught on one stair. ②我们刚从着火的房子里逃出来，房子就倒向地面，我们吓得魂不附体。(场景描写) We had just escaped from the burning house when it fell to the ground and we were frightened out of our wits. ③她决定第二天早上出发，正要回家，这时一声清脆的鸟鸣飘了过来。(心理、环境描写) Determined to start out the next morning，she was about to head home when a ringing birdsong floated down to her. Ⅰ.①Deeply affected by the film，we couldn't hold back tears. B ②(2025·北京卷) As we know, the environment is facing serious problems, which affect everyone's life. A ③Learning that you are affected with a serious disease and have to return to Ireland，I am terribly sorry about it. C A.v.影响 B.v.感动 C.v.疾病侵袭；使感染 Ⅱ.①It was in the year 1843 that he came to power with his wife's assistance. F ②The electric car，powered by the latest battery，can drive 600 miles on a single charge. E ③The patient is left with the power to choose what he wants to talk about. A ④Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology to change lives. B ⑤(2025·浙江卷1月) Eschewing fertilizers (化肥) and power tools, it's based on an elegantly simple principle: to garden more like nature does. D ⑥The United States rose to global power on the strength of its technology，and the lifeblood of that technology has long been electricity. C A.n.权力 B.n.力量 C.n.有影响力的大国 D.n.电力 E.v.推动，驱动 F.n.统治；政权 Ⅲ.①His company crashed last year because it was poorly run. B ②My computer crashed, and we couldn't get it working again. A ③The plane crashed, killing all its passengers and crew. C ④Don't brake suddenly, for the car behind might crash into you. D A.v.死机，崩溃 B.v.破产，失败 C.v.坠毁 D.v.碰撞 Ⅳ.①The princess had been delivered of a healthy baby boy，which made the handsome prince wild with excitement. B ②The son of a grocer，he'd spent the summers of his childhood delivering food in Bernardsville，New Jersey. A ③Good evening，everybody.Professor King will be delivering his lecture in a moment，but let me introduce him first. C ④(2025·浙江卷1月)There's no value in delivering any kind of communication, whether written, spoken, formal, or informal, if the message doesn't come across clearly. D A.v.递送 B.v.接生 C.v.发表(演说等) D.v.表达 1．The sweep of the land and the stoicism (坚忍) of the people move her to some beautiful writing.连绵弯曲的地带 2．The likables' plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work.利用，发掘 名词后缀-al 名词后缀-al主要用在动词后面，表示“……的动作或过程”。 规则 典例 直接加-al renew (更新)→renewal (更新) dismiss (解雇；解散)→dismissal (解雇；解散) withdraw (撤回)→withdrawal (撤回；取款) 去e加-al arrive (到达)→arrival (到达) approve (批准)→approval (批准) propose (提议)→proposal (提议) recite (背诵)→recital (朗诵会；独奏会) rehearse (排练)→rehearsal (排练) 1.In today's competitive market, innovation is key to a company's survival (survive). 2．Her refusal (refuse) to give up in the face of failure was truly admirable. 3．I made a cash withdrawal (withdraw) from the ATM to pay for the dinner. 短文投稿——自然灾害 过去几年，世界各地频发地震、洪水、飓风、沙尘暴等自然灾害，给人们的生产、生活造成极大的损失。假如你是李华，请你给某英文报刊“人与自然”专栏写一篇短文，要点包括： 1．描述自然灾害的现象和后果；2.分析自然灾害频发的原因；3.提出关于减少自然灾害的建议。 Ⅰ.完成句子 1．在过去的几年里，发生了各种各样的自然灾害，比如地震、沙尘暴、洪水，给人类造成了严重的损失。(disaster，damage) Over the past few years, there have been various natural disasters, such as earthquakes, sandstorms, floods, causing severe damage to human beings. 2．无数的房屋变成废墟，大量农田被破坏，数百万人遭受了巨大的经济损失。(in ruins，destroy，suffer) Countless houses were in ruins, numerous fields were destroyed, and millions of people suffered great economic losses. 3．人口的快速增长对自然产生了不良影响，因为更多的人意味着地球上更多资源的供应。(effect，supply) The rapid population growth has a negative effect on nature, since more people mean larger supplies of resources on Earth. 4．人们缺乏环保意识，使得自然界的突发事件越来越频繁。(emergency) People lack the awareness of environmental protection, making the emergencies of nature more frequent. 5．我们应该尽一切努力保持人与自然之间的平衡。(effort) We're supposed to make every effort to keep the balance between humans and nature. Ⅱ.连句成篇 Over the past few years，there have been various natural disasters, such as earthquakes, sandstorms, floods, causing severe damage to human beings. Thus，countless houses were in ruins, numerous fields were destroyed, and millions of people suffered great economic losses. There are several factors contributing to these disasters. First, the rapid population growth has a negative effect on nature, since more people mean larger supplies of resources on earth. What's more, people lack the awareness of environmental protection, making the emergencies of nature more frequent. In my opinion, we're supposed to make every effort to keep the balance between humans and nature. Only in this way can we humans survive with our planet Earth. [情感细节描写：恐惧(一)] Step1　语料积累 教材 语料 亮词 shock；affect；effort；rescue；flood；trap；bury；damage；destroy；aid；survive 美句 1.Slowly，the city began to breathe again. 2．It seemed as if the world were coming to an end! 3．For several days，the water in the village wells rose and fell，rose and fell. 4．Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat，and dogs refused to go inside buildings.Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide，and fish jumped out of the water. 5．Tangshan city has proved to China and the rest of the world that in times of disaster，people must unify and show the wisdom to stay positive and rebuild for a brighter future. 拓展 语料 单词 frightened adj.害怕的→frightening adj.令人害怕的→frighten v．使惊吓；scare v．使害怕→scared adj.害怕的→scary adj.惊悚的，吓人的；panic v．/n.恐慌，害怕；dreadful adj.可怕的；极坏的；terrible/horrible/awful adj.可怕的 语块 be in panic/be seized with panic惊慌失措；one's throat tightens with horror/fear吓得喉咙发紧；be pale with fright吓得面无人色；be scared out of one's wits吓得魂不附体；be numb/frozen with fear吓呆了；tremble with terror/horror吓得发抖；be scared to death/half dead with fright吓得要死；tears of terror/horror/fear恐惧的泪水；one's heart be stuck on one's throat心卡在嗓子眼 句型 1.A flood of fear welled up in her when she walked in the empty street. 走在空荡荡的街道上，一阵恐惧涌上她的心头。 2．I was wandering in the woods when a snake came out and scared me to death. 我正在林间散步，突然一条蛇蹿了出来，吓得我要死。 3．Seeing the bloody scene，she uncontrollably let out a scream of terror and fainted on the ground. 看到这血腥的一幕，她禁不住发出恐惧的尖叫，昏倒在地。 Step 2　语料运用 一、单句写作 1．女孩紧紧地握着父亲的手，不敢独自过马路。 The girl held her father's hand tightly, afraid to cross the road alone. (形容词短语作状语) 2．突如其来的黑暗把他的孩子们吓到了，特里赶紧抱住他们以缓解他们的紧张情绪。 The sudden darkness scared his children. Terry hurried to hug them to ease their tension. 3．听了这个恐怖故事后，汤姆吓得不敢独自睡觉。 Tom was too frightened to sleep alone after he heard the horror story. (too...to... ) 4．他突然在我背后说话，吓了我一跳。 He suddenly spoke behind me, giving me a fright. (现在分词作状语) 5．那条狗突然跳出来冲向我，我被吓得惊慌失措。 I got panic-stricken when that dog jumped out at me all of a sudden. 6．房子里突然的寂静似乎让外面的风雨更加可怕。他们能做什么呢？ The sudden silence in the house seemed to make the wind and rain more frightening/terrible/horrible outside. What could they do? (make＋宾语＋宾补) 二、语段补全[火灾救援] The fire started to spread all over the hotel，and people fleeing out of it in time were still in great panic.Just at that moment，a sharp scream came out of the crowd.A young mother 1.who was dead with fright (吓坏了；定语从句) cried that her baby was still in the hotel room.Hearing that，2.a flood of fear welled up in the crowd (人群中涌起一阵恐惧；无灵主语句)，and they didn't know what they could do in that situation.They tried to comfort 3.the woman who had been scared out of her wits (被吓得魂不附体的女人；定语从句)，but words just failed them.They almost lost hope when a young man quickly ran to the pool in front of the hotel，poured water on his jacket and then rushed into the burning room.Seeing the scene，everyone 4. was numb with fear (吓得呆住了)，wishing he could successfully bring the baby out.5.Everyone's heart was stuck in their throat (每个人的心都卡在嗓子眼里)until they heard some cry of a baby. 推理判断题之隐含推断题 [技法解读] 隐含推断题要求考生根据语篇内容，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。一般可根据语篇提供的信息，或者借助语境进行推理判断。考生只有正确把握文章的逻辑关系，理解关键词句的真正含义，才能作出准确的推断。一般此类题干中主要包括六个动词：infer(推断)，indicate(表明，暗示)，imply(暗示)，suggest(暗示)，conclude(得出结论)和assume(假定，设想)。 [解题思维] [真题例析] (2025·全国一卷阅读B节选) 　　But things were different for their first essay, which was about the question: “Why is writing important？” Most of the essays filled less than one page, and few contained a sentence that could be interpreted as a thesis (论点) statement. I was shocked. Then I realized that the problem was the question itself. They could have written pages on the necessity of computers, but writing, in and of itself, simply didn't strike them as important. This would have to change. 25．Why did the students perform poorly in writing their first essay? A.They were not given enough time. B.They had a very limited vocabulary. C.They misunderstood the question. D.They had little interest in the topic. [定位信息]根据题干的关键词perform poorly in writing their first essay定位到材料段落。 [揣摩含义]原文关键句“Most of the essays filled less than one page, and few contained a sentence that could be interpreted as a thesis (论点) statement. I was shocked. Then I realized that the problem was the question itself. They could have written pages on the necessity of computers, but writing, in and of itself, simply didn't strike them as important.”的意思： 大多数文章篇幅不足一页，几乎没有包含可被视为论点的句子。我感到震惊。随后我意识到问题出在题目本身。他们本可以就电脑的必要性写下数页内容，但写作本身根本没让他们觉得重要。 [对比选项]对比选项可知， 学生们在写第一篇作文时表现不佳，是因为他们对写作这个话题本身不感兴趣。 参考答案：D 限时规范训练(5) (建议用时：30分钟　满分：40分) Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分) A (2026·温州联考)Brushing my teeth, I heard what sounded like branches scraping (刮擦) the roof.I paused, wondering what it could be.Then I thought that must have been Hurricane Isabel, which was blowing her way through our city. Then I heard the sound of breaking glass.A second later, the entire house shook.My husband and I stared at each other in frozen horror before rushing to check on our baby daughter asleep in her bed.The sound had scared her awake—never had a cry sounded so sweet—and my husband gratefully snatched her up and ran to the relative safety of our room. Then we ventured out.My husband started the car while I hurried across the street to let a neighbor know we were okay and heading to a friend's home.Shaking but grateful to be alive, we drove away. The next morning, bright sunlight clearly displayed the storm's destruction.We returned home to see that a giant tree in the center of our yard had effectively split our house in two! As we stood on the sidewalk wondering what to do, a local fire truck pulled up.The firefighters informed us that our home had received the worst damage in the city.When we meet neighbors for the first time, their eyes pop when they realize we live in the house the tree fell through. In the days and weeks that followed, we remembered the feeling of relief when we realized that everyone in our lives who mattered was unscathed—me, my husband, our daughter and even our two pets. Yes, we lost many things.But those things were replaceable and the damage was temporary. Every so often we pull out the photos of the tree's destruction and feel surprised at how blessed we were—and still are.Whenever we begin to feel ungrateful or unsatisfied with what we have, those photos and memories offer a reminder of how we came through that trial. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。一次空前的飓风突然袭来，作者一家人死里逃生。经历过灾难的作者深深地为自己的幸运而感恩。 1．How did the author feel when she heard the baby crying？(　　) A．Heartbroken.　　　　 B．Curious. C．Doubtful. D．Delighted. 解析：D　细节理解题。根据第二段中“never had a cry sounded so sweet”可知，作者听到孩子的哭声后感到非常庆幸和高兴——因为自己的女儿还活着。故D项正确。 2．What made the author and her husband survive the terrible accident？(　　) A．Their leaving home quickly. B．Their calling the firefighters. C．Their receiving help from neighbors. D．Their fighting with hurricane bravely. 解析：A　推理判断题。根据第二至四段可知，作者一家之所以能够死里逃生，主要是因为他们当时作出的明智决定——快速离家去投奔朋友。故A项正确。 3．What does the underlined word “unscathed” in paragraph 6 mean？(　　) A．Not injured. B．Not affected. C．Not included. D．Not disturbed. 解析：A　词义猜测题。根据上下文可知，飓风结束了，作者一家人平安无事。故A项正确。 B (2025·山东枣庄模拟)As climate change continues to be a contributing factor to the frequency and intensity of disaster events, timely and effective preparedness can save lives and protect property. But according to a recent study in University of Michigan, nearly half of the young people surveyed on disaster preparedness showed they lack readiness for any type of disaster event during a period when climate-related disasters are becoming increasingly frequent. Surveying 1，083 individuals aged 14 to 24 through text messaging, the University's My Voice project brought to the forefront the attitudes young people hold regarding disaster preparedness. Of those surveyed, 47% of the young people disclosed having no readiness planning in potential disasters, with finances and lack of resources being cited as primary reasons for their lack of readiness. “While respondents felt there were actions they could take now to prepare for a future disaster, some were unsure of the most effective readiness approaches they and their communities could take，” said Katherine Kruger, lead author and a Ph.D. student at the U-M School of Nursing. “Youth are significant stakeholders in developing strategies to be ready for disaster and their insights can lead to policy development that allow youth to prioritize the effective readiness strategies to reduce the potentially destructive impacts and promote individual and community resilience，” Kruger added. Inclusion of young individuals in readiness planning is crucial. They provide unique perspectives that can greatly enhance strategies designed to boost resilience (适应力) both at the individual and community levels. The study's findings highlight an opportunity to engage youth in readiness efforts that empower them and strengthen the larger emergency management framework. Young people's capacities for innovation and communication are valuable assets in disaster response and recovery. “Our research _underscores the need for including young people as key stakeholders in disaster preparedness，” Kruger said. “As highlighted by the United Nations Office of Disaster Risk Reduction's Youth Engagement Action Plan, their active contribution is indispensable.” 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章阐述了青少年在灾难准备方面的态度、现状以及他们参与灾难准备的重要性。 4．What makes disaster preparedness vital？(　　) A．The changing lifestyle of the youth. B．The loss of natural resources. C．The rising risks of climate change. D．The lack of safety awareness. 解析：C　细节理解题。根据文章第一段“As climate change ... protect property.”可知，气候变化持续加剧灾害事件的发生频率和强度的增加，所以及时且有效的防灾准备能够拯救生命并保护财产，即气候变化带来的风险上升使得灾害防范变得至关重要。 5．What are nearly half of young people surveyed like？(　　) A．Unprepared.　　　 B．Dismissive. C．Confident. D．Fearful. 解析：A　推理判断题。根据文章第一段“But according to a ... increasingly frequent.”以及第二段“Of those surveyed, 47% of the young people ... for their lack of readiness.”推知，近一半接受调查的年轻人是毫无准备的。 6．Why is young people's involvement crucial？(　　) A．They are creative. B．They are innocent. C．They are sociable. D．They are ambitious. 解析：A　推理判断题。根据文章第四段“‘Youth are significant ... community resilience，’ Kruger added.”以及第五段“Young people's capacities for innovation and communication are valuable assets in disaster response and recovery.”推知，年轻人的参与至关重要是因为他们富有创造力。 7．What does the underlined word “underscores” mean in the last paragraph？(　　) A．Discovers. B．Argues. C．Advocates. D．Emphasizes. 解析：D　词义猜测题。根据上文“Young people's capacities for innovation and communication are valuable assets in disaster response and recovery.”可知，年轻人在灾害防范中很重要。再根据画线单词所在句可知，年轻人的积极贡献是不可或缺的，所以研究应该是“强调了”将年轻人作为灾害防范中关键利益相关者的必要性。选项D“Emphasizes”，意为“强调”，与此相符。 C (2025·山东威海模拟)The fires went on for three days continuously in the summer of 2021, burning over 13，000 hectares of western Sardinia (撒丁岛). Mr Poddi, a forestry expert, warns such fires are bound to become more common and intense in a warming world. So, the island is preparing. As part of the preparations, Mr Poddi's team has installed 20 fire-detection sensors in the Santu Lussurgiu forest. These sensors, which hang from branches three to four metres off the ground, collect comprehensive information, including gases, temperature, humidity, and air pressure. These data are then analyzed by AI models. If anything unusual is spotted, emergency services are alerted. Until now, fire detection on Sardinia has relied on human sight. But usually, the fire is noticed only once it has started to spread. The sensors work more like a sense of smell, identifying the chemicals in the air caused by hidden fires before flames and smoke are visible.This allows firefighters to step in before the blaze is too large to control and to have a clearer sense of where to tackle it. The sensors are designed to be installed every few hundred meters in high-risk fire zones. This deployment can make sensors much cheaper than alternative wildfire suppression methods. Once installed, the sensors can last for up to 15 years and can be updated remotely. Given the differences in environments, AI models must be tailored to regional characteristics. A system for Italy may not work in Canada. Mr Poddi says the ultimate test for Sardinia will be if the sensor networks can be deployed (部署) with equal effectiveness along the pine forests near the island's beaches. These environments are very different from those in Santu Lussurgiu. To truly enhance early fire detection, sensor networks will need to be installed on a large scale. Even so, their real impact will depend on how well they are integrated with other existing firefighting measures, from mapping and data-analysis tools to the ability to promptly deploy firefighters. Moreover, the risk of time-wasting false alarms from such sensitive systems is very real. Overcoming such challenges will bring significant rewards. All the various technologies can and should work together to build a strong solution. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了撒丁岛为应对日益频繁和猛烈的火灾所做的准备，重点介绍了新安装的火灾探测传感器及其工作原理、优势以及面临的挑战。 8．What is paragraph 3 mainly about？(　　) A．The data collected by sensors. B．The working principles of the sensors. C．The role of AI models in fire detection. D．The fire prevention measures on the island. 解析：B　段落大意题。根据第三段可知，第三段主要讲述了传感器如何收集信息、数据如何被分析以及异常情况如何被检测和报警，即传感器的工作原理。 9．What does the underlined “This” refer to？(　　) A．Detecting hidden fires. B．Relying on human sight. C．Spreading chemicals in the air. D．Spotting flames and smoke. 解析：A　代词指代词。根据第四段“The sensors work ... of where to tackle it.”可知，“This” 指代前文中传感器“识别隐藏火灾释放的化学物质”这一行为，即“探测隐藏火灾”。 10．Why are the pine forests mentioned in paragraph 6？(　　) A．To compare coastal and inland fire risks. B．To show the flexibility of the sensor networks. C．To highlight the widespread use of the sensors. D．To prove the need for region-specific solutions. 解析：D　推理判断题。根据第六段内容可推知，提到松树林是为了说明不同地区的环境差异很大，因此需要针对特定地区制定解决方案。 11．How does the author view the future of the sensors？(　　) A．They can make great profits. B．Their sensitivity needs to get improved. C．They must work with existing measures. D．They will replace conventional methods. 解析：C　推理判断题。根据最后一段“Even so, their real impact ... promptly deploy firefighters.”可推知，作者认为传感器的未来取决于它们如何与其他现有的消防措施整合，即它们必须与现有措施配合使用。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每小题2.5分) (2026·江西宜春一中模拟)There is considerable evidence from studies with adults that volunteering benefits a person's physical and mental health.__1__ A 2023 analysis suggested that young people who had participated in community service were more likely to be in excellent health and stayed calm when faced with challenges. __2__ It could be that the children volunteers were already in great health. But because of an alarming rise in mental health issues among young people, environmental health scientists believe this early evidence is promising enough to pursue. A 2021 advisory warned that the number of young people reporting constant feelings of sadness or hopelessness had increased by 40 percent over the previous decade. There are multiple possible causes, including anxiety over climate change, the effects of social media use and unfriendly personal circumstances. To address these problems, researchers point to the importance of “contribution” as an essential piece of social and emotional development for teenagers. Volunteering is one good way young people can contribute.__3__ In 2022, developmental psychologist Parissa Ballard and her colleagues tested volunteering as an intervention for nine 14-to-20-year-olds who had been recently diagnosed with mild to moderate depression or anxiety. After 30 hours of volunteer work at community organizations, the average reduction in depressive symptoms was 19 percent. What accounts for the benefits? Helping others improves mood and raises confidence. It provides rich ground for building social connections. It also changes how young people see themselves. Many teens don't feel important.__4__ There may be a potential downside to volunteering, however.__5__“Young people have to choose something that feels meaningful to them，” Ballard says. Adults can help by offering choices and checking volunteer opportunities to be sure that organizations are well run and equipped to offer a good experience. A．Admittedly, this finding only shows connections. B．Now scientists are finding similar links in children and teenagers. C．This improvement was in comparison with young people who did not volunteer. D．The sense of mattering to others translates really well to their needs to connect and belong. E．Everyone in the study enjoyed the work and reported a sense of pride and accomplishment. F．The experience can be harmful if young people feel like they are being forced to participate. G．Volunteering gives them a different sense of themselves, a sense of confidence and self-value. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了青少年志愿服务对其身心健康有益及相关研究。 1．解析：B　上文说明成年人志愿服务有益身心健康。空处和上文为顺接关系，说明在青少年中也有类似发现，并引出下文的相关研究。所以B项“现在科学家们在儿童和青少年中也发现了类似的联系。”符合语境。该项中的“similar links”和上文中的“adults that volunteering benefits a person's physical and mental health”呼应。 2．解析：A　上文是对某种发现的一种可能性解释。空处承接上文的发现，并对这种情况给出了认可。A项“诚然，这一发现只是表明了一种联系。”符合语境，引出下文对研究发现局限性的说明，而选项中“this finding”指代了上文中的“young people who had participated in community service were more likely to be in excellent health and stayed calm when faced with challenges”这一发现。 3．解析：D　上文说明了志愿服务是年轻人可以做出贡献的一种良好方式。空处与上文逻辑紧密相连，解释了志愿服务为何能让年轻人做出贡献。D项“对他人的重要性很好地转化为他们建立联系和归属感的需求。”符合语境，是对上文内容的进一步阐述和解释。 4．解析：G　上文列举了几个志愿者带来好处的原因。G项“志愿活动给了他们一种不同的自我感觉，一种自信和自我价值感。”承接上文说明志愿者服务可以让青少年找到自我，产生自信和自我价值观，改变青少年认为自己不重要的看法。 5．解析：F　上文说明志愿服务存在问题。空处具体说明问题所在，F项“如果年轻人觉得自己是被迫参与的，这种经历可能是有害的。”符合语境，解释了志愿服务可能带来负面影响的原因。该项中的“The experience can be harmful”和上文中的“a potential downside”相呼应。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $