摘要:
该小学英语知识清单系统梳理了Unit 10 Weather的核心知识体系。从天气类词汇(sunny, rainy等)的词性、释义及课文原句入手,延伸到高频词组和分类认知词汇(动物、城市、季节等),进而掌握询问天气句型、名词变形容词构词法,最终形成天气预报播报和家人喜好描述的语言应用能力。
知识链路按“词汇积累—语法规则—语用输出”逻辑清晰呈现,通过构词规律归纳(如sun→sunny)培养思维品质,结合课文原句和写作金句提升语言能力。自查目标和项目式模板(天气预报)助力学习能力发展,分类认知词汇便于系统记忆,实现从基础到应用的高效学习。
内容正文:
Unit 10 Weather 词汇与核心知识手册
一、必背默词汇(听写核心)
英文单词
词性
中文释义
词形/搭配拓展
课文原句(中英对照)
sunny
adj.
阳光充足的
名词:sun(太阳);反义:cloudy
Father likes sunny days.
爸爸喜欢阳光充足的日子。
rainy
adj.
下雨的;多雨的
名词:rain(雨);
反义:dry
Today is cold and rainy in Shanghai. 上海今天又冷又下雨。
cloudy
adj.
阴天的;多云的
名词:cloud(云);反义:sunny
Sister likes cloudy days.
姐姐喜欢阴天。
windy
adj.
多风的;风大的
名词:wind(风)
Brother likes windy days.
哥哥喜欢刮风的日子。
snowy
adj.
下雪多的
名词:snow(雪)
I like snowy days. I play in the snow. 我喜欢下雪天。我在雪地里玩耍。
weather
n.
天气;
气象
不可数名词;
搭配:weather report
We talk about different weather.
我们谈论不同的天气。
weather report
短语
天气预报
复数:weather reports;
同义:weather forecast
This is my weather report for Auckland.
这是我为奥克兰做的天气预报。
weather reporter
短语
气象播报员
复数:weather reporters
Look at the animal weather reporters around you.
看看你周围的动物气象播报员。
degree
n.
度(温度单位)
复数:degrees;
符号:°
It's only 5 degrees in Shanghai.
上海只有5度。
lamb
n.
小羊;羊羔
复数:lambs
Little Lamb is on his way to his grandparents' house.
小羊正在去爷爷奶奶家的路上。
tortoise
n.
陆龟
复数:tortoises
The tortoise tells Lamb the rain is coming soon.
陆龟告诉小羊马上就要下雨了。
sign
n.
迹象;征兆
复数:signs;
同义:signal
Little Lamb looks up. There's no sign of rain.
小羊抬头看。没有要下雨的迹象。
hurry
v.
赶快;急着(做某事)
三单:hurries;
过去式:hurried;搭配:hurry home
So Little Lamb hurries home before the rain.
所以小羊在下雨前匆忙赶回家。
heavy rain
短语
大雨
近义:downpour;对应:light rain
Very soon, a heavy rain begins to fall. 很快,一场大雨开始下了。
father
n.
父亲;爸爸
对应:mother;
近义:dad
My father likes snowy days. He skis on the snow. 我爸爸喜欢下雪天。他在雪地上滑雪。
brother
n.
哥哥;弟弟
对应:sister
Brother likes windy days. He flies kites in the wind. 哥哥喜欢刮风天。他在风中放风筝。
二、必掌握词组(高频搭配)
词组
中文释义
课文/拓展例句(中英对照)
fly kites
放风筝
He flies kites in the wind on windy days.
他在刮风的日子里放风筝。
take an umbrella
带一把雨伞
Tortoise asks Little Lamb to take an umbrella.
陆龟让小羊带一把伞。
fly low
飞得很低
Dragonflies are flying low. 蜻蜓飞得很低。
on one's way to ...
在去……的路上
Little Lamb is on his way to his grandparents' house. 小羊在去爷爷奶奶家的路上。
hurry home
匆忙赶回家
So Little Lamb hurries home.
所以小羊匆忙赶回家。
a heavy rain
一场大雨
Very soon, a heavy rain begins to fall.
很快,一场大雨开始下了。
had better do sth.
最好做某事
"My friend, you'd better take an umbrella with you," Tortoise says.
“我的朋友,你最好带把伞,”陆龟说。
give a weather report
播报天气预报
Our Big task is giving a weather report.
我们的主要任务是播报天气预报。
jump out of the water
跳出水面
Fishes are jumping out of the water when rain is coming. 下雨前鱼儿跳出水面。
take back their webs
收回蛛网
Spiders are taking back their webs before rain. 蜘蛛在下雨前收回蛛网。
weather reports for two cities
制作两座城市的天气预报
Our Project is weather reports for two cities. 我们的项目是两座城市的天气预报。
listen to the rain
听雨
Mother likes rainy days. She listens to the rain. 妈妈喜欢下雨天。她听雨声。
play in the snow
在雪地里玩耍
I play in the snow. 我在雪地里玩耍。
三、认知词汇(细化分类)
1. 动物类(Animals)
英文
中文
课文提示
dragonfly
蜻蜓
复数:dragonflies;下雨前飞得很低(fly low)
fish
鱼
复数:fishes(表示多种鱼);下雨前跳出水面(jump out of the water)
spider
蜘蛛
下雨前收回蛛网(take back their webs)
tortoise
陆龟
背上有水珠时预示雨快来了,是“动物气象播报员”之一
lamb
小羊
故事主角,在去爷爷奶奶家路上遇到下雨
2. 城市/地域类(Cities & Regions)
英文
中文
课文提示
Shanghai
上海
中国城市,下雨且寒冷(5℃),冬季
Auckland
奥克兰
新西兰城市,温暖晴朗(23℃),夏季
London
伦敦
英国城市,Project中用于天气播报练习
north of China
中国北方
Shenshen想去中国北方过寒假
3. 季节/温度类(Seasons & Temperature)
英文
中文
课文提示
summer
夏天
奥克兰是夏天(23℃,温暖晴朗)
winter
冬天
上海是冬天(5℃,寒冷下雨)
warm
温暖的
奥克兰的天气温暖晴朗(warm and sunny)
cold
寒冷的
上海的天气寒冷下雨(cold and rainy)
hot
炎热的
认知拓展词汇,与cold相对
cool
凉爽的
认知拓展词汇,与warm相对
4. 物品名词(Objects)
英文
中文
课文提示
umbrella
雨伞
下雨天需要携带的物品
thermometer
温度计
用来测量温度(degrees)的工具
web
蛛网
复数:webs;蜘蛛下雨前收网
5. 动作动词(Verbs)
英文
中文
文中例句
run
跑步
Father runs in the sun.
paint
画画
Sister paints beautiful clouds.
ski
滑雪
Father skis on the snow.
listen to
听
Mother listens to the rain.
fly
飞
Dragonflies are flying low.
jump
跳
Fishes are jumping out of the water.
take back
收回
Spiders are taking back their webs.
begin
开始
A heavy rain begins to fall.
6. 人物/角色(Characters)
英文
中文
备注
James
詹姆斯
课堂对话中看Shenshen的天气预报
Shenshen
深深
做上海天气预报,与Lily对话
Lily
莉莉
做伦敦天气预报
Little Lamb
小羊
故事主角,下雨前匆忙回家
Tortoise
陆龟
提醒小羊带伞,解释下雨征兆
Father / Mother / Sister / Brother
爸爸/妈妈/姐姐/哥哥
歌谣中喜欢不同天气的家庭成员
7. 构词规律(Word Formation)
名词
→
形容词
变化规则
sun
→
sunny
双写n + y
cloud
→
cloudy
直接 + y
wind
→
windy
直接 + y
rain
→
rainy
直接 + y
snow
→
snowy
直接 + y
💡 小窍门:英语中很多天气名词在词尾加 -y 可以变为形容词,表示“具有……特征的天气”。
8. 结构/逻辑词
英文
中文
作用
only
仅仅;只有
It's only 5 degrees.(强调温度低)
soon
很快
The rain is coming soon.(不久将来)
very soon
很快
Very soon, a heavy rain begins to fall.
around
在……周围
Look at the animal weather reporters around you.
so
所以
So Little Lamb hurries home.(表因果)
四、单元核心语法 & 语言点
1. 核心语法:How's the weather...? 询问天气
问句结构:How's the weather + 地点/时间?
答句结构:It's + 天气形容词.
问句
答句(中英对照)
How's the weather in Auckland today?
奥克兰今天天气怎么样?
It's warm and sunny. 温暖晴朗。
How's the weather in Shanghai today?
上海今天天气怎么样?
It's cold and rainy. 寒冷下雨。
How's the weather in London?
伦敦天气怎么样?
It's cloudy. 多云。
How's the weather tomorrow?
明天天气怎么样?
It's snowy. 下雪。
💡 小窍门:
· How's the weather...? 是询问天气的标准句型,How's = How is。
· 回答用 It's + 天气形容词(sunny / rainy / cloudy / windy / snowy 等)。
· 也可以问:What's the weather like...?(意思相同,更口语化)。
2. 名词变天气形容词规则(构词法)
规则
名词
→
形容词
直接 + y
cloud, wind, rain, snow
→
cloudy, windy, rainy, snowy
双写末尾辅音 + y
sun
→
sunny
3. 天气预报播报模板(Project核心句型)
句子功能
示例(中英对照)
开场打招呼
Hello, I'm Shenshen. 大家好,我是深深。
播报主题
This is the weather report for Shanghai today.
这是今天上海的天气预报。
播报日期
It's Thursday. 今天是周四。
播报天气
It's cold and sunny. 天气寒冷晴朗。
播报温度
It's only 4℃. 气温只有4摄氏度。
结束语
Thanks for listening! 感谢收听!
4. 家人喜好描述句型(Song time核心句型)
句型
示例(中英对照)
My + 家人 + likes + 天气类 + days.
My father likes sunny days.
我爸爸喜欢晴天。
He/She + 动词(三单) + 介词短语.
He runs in the sun. 他在阳光下跑步。
5. 动物预示下雨故事句型(Story time核心句型)
句型
示例(中英对照)
... is on his way to ...
Little Lamb is on his way to his grandparents' house.
小羊在去爷爷奶奶家的路上。
There is no sign of ...
There is no sign of rain. 没有下雨的迹象。
... had better do ...
You'd better take an umbrella with you.
你最好带把伞。
Look at the water on my back.
Look at the water on my back. The rain is coming soon.
看看我背上的水珠。雨快来了。
... are flying low / jumping out of the water / taking back their webs.
Dragonflies are flying low. Fishes are jumping out of the water. Spiders are taking back their webs.
蜻蜓低飞。鱼儿跳出水面。蜘蛛收回蛛网。
... hurries home. Very soon, a heavy rain begins to fall.
So Little Lamb hurries home. Very soon, a heavy rain begins to fall.
所以小羊匆忙赶回家。很快,一场大雨开始下了。
五、写作金句语料库(Project 高分必备)
直接摘取并改编自 P82-P86 课文和项目范文,背熟这些句子,完成“天气预报播报”轻松拿高分!
写作功能
高分句型(中英对照)
可替换词汇
打招呼开场
Hello, I'm ... 大家好,我是……
Hello → Hi / Good morning
播报主题
This is the weather report for ... today. 这是今天……的天气预报。
Shanghai → London / Beijing / New York
播报星期
It's Monday / Thursday.
今天是周一/周四。
Monday → Tuesday / Friday / Sunday
播报天气状况
It's cold and rainy / warm and sunny. 天气寒冷下雨/温暖晴朗。
cold and rainy → cool and cloudy / hot and sunny
播报温度
It's only 5℃ / 23℃.
气温只有5度/23度。
可替换任意温度数字
询问对方地区天气
How's the weather in ...?
……天气怎么样?
in Shanghai → in your city / in London
回应天气询问
It's warm and sunny / cold and rainy. 温暖晴朗/寒冷下雨。
warm and sunny → hot and dry / cool and windy
结束语
Thanks for listening! 感谢收听!
Thanks for listening → See you next time
描述家人喜好
My father likes sunny days. He runs in the sun.
我爸爸喜欢晴天。他在阳光下跑步。
father → mother / sister / brother;sunny → cloudy / windy / snowy
🎯 单元终极目标自查
□我能默写 16个核心词(第一板块)。
□我能用 How's the weather ...? 询问天气,并用 It's + 天气形容词. 回答。
□我能掌握名词变天气形容词的构词规则(sun → sunny, cloud → cloudy, rain → rainy, wind → windy, snow → snowy)。
□我能用天气预报播报模板做一次完整的天气播报(Hello, I'm ... This is the weather report for ... It's ... It's ...℃.)。
□我能用 ... had better do ... / There is no sign of ... / ... hurries home. Very soon, a heavy rain begins to fall. 复述动物预示下雨的故事。
□我能用 My ... likes ... days. He/She ... 描述家人对不同天气的喜好。
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