Unit 1 Using Language（写作课讲义）英语人教版选择性必修第二册

本讲义聚焦“描述伟大科学家品质及科学精神”核心知识点，通过问题链导入、图片与名言激活、阅读分析（判断/问答/篇章结构）、连接词与性格词汇识别、思维导图分类、写作提纲与句型库，以及同伴互评与自我修改，构建从输入到输出的完整写作学习支架。 该资料亮点在于融合语言能力与思维品质培养，以钱学森和霍金跨文化案例为载体，通过思维导图分类科学家品质（如工作态度的“determined”“hardworking”）及篇章结构对比，提升逻辑思维与文化意识。课中小组讨论与问题链激发深度思考，课后自选科学家写作与句型合并练习，助力巩固语言运用并查漏补缺。

Unit 1 Using Language （写作课讲义） 目录 1. Lead in 2. Pre-writing 3. While Writing 4. Post Writing 5. Homework 1. Lead in 一、问题链导入 Look at the title of this section: "Write about what makes a great scientist" Discuss in pairs: 1.Who do you think is a great scientist? Name one and tell your partner why you admire him/her. 2.What words would you use to describe a great scientist? 3.Is being clever enough to be a great scientist? What else is needed? 二、图片激活 Look at the two portraits on pages 7-8. Portrait Who is he? What do you know about him? Photo 1 Photo 2 三、名言引入 "Science is not only a disciple of reason but, also, one of romance and passion." — Stephen Hawking Question: What does this quote tell us about science? 2. Pre-writing Activity 1: Read and Judge (True or False) Read the two passages on pages 7-8 and decide if the statements are true (T) or false (F). Statement T/F 1. Qian changed his major because of a shift in personal interest. ____ 2. Qian's strong interest in art has a positive impact on a scientist's development. ____ 3. When Hawking was young, almost everyone believed that the universe began with a big bang. ____ 4. Because Hawking was determined, he was able to succeed even though he was ill. ____ Activity 2: Answer the Questions Read the passages again and answer: 1.Why was Qian called "the father of China's aerospace"? 2. How was Hawking's own theory proven correct? Activity 3: Analyse the Structure (篇章结构分析) Complete the table below to compare the structure of the two passages: Aspect Qian Xuesen Stephen Hawking Para 1: Introduction General introduction; his reputation His illness and fame Para 2: Para 3: Para 4: Activity 4: Identify Linking Words & Personality Descriptions A. Underline the linking words in the passages and write their functions: Linking Words Function However Shows contrast B. Find words that describe the personalities of the scientists: Qian Xuesen Stephen Hawking patriotic brave Activity 5: Complete the Mind Map Put the following qualities into the correct categories. Word bank: curious · determined · brave · honest · creative · patient · patriotic · humble · hardworking A. Qualities about dealing with work (工作态度) 1.____________ — never gives up, keeps trying 2.____________ — works hard and persistently 3.____________ — always wants to learn and ask questions 4.____________ — thinks of new ideas and new ways B. Qualities about dealing with others / society (与人相处/社会) 5.____________ — loves and serves one's country 6.____________ — not proud, knows one's limitations 7.____________ — tells the truth, admits faults C. Qualities about dealing with challenges (面对挑战) 8.____________ — not afraid of danger or difficulty 9.____________ — waits without getting angry, keeps trying Category Answers A. Work attitude B. Others / Society C. Challenges 3. While Writing Activity 6: Brainstorming In groups, discuss the following questions: 1.Apart from being clever, what are the most important personal qualities a scientist must have to be successful? 2.How do the stories about Qian and Hawking illustrate the scientific spirit? Activity 7: Writing Outline Use the following outline to organise your essay: Paragraph Content Tips Para 1 Introduction: What is the scientific spirit? Start with a general statement or quote. Para 2 Quality 1 + Example Use examples from Qian or Hawking. Para 3 Quality 2 + Example Use linking words (Moreover, Furthermore). Para 4 Quality 3 + Example Use linking words (Also, In addition). Para 5 Conclusion: Summarise and restate your opinion. Use "In conclusion", "Above all". Activity 8: Useful Sentence Patterns Here are some useful expressions for your essay: Function Useful Phrases Introduction In my opinion, ... / It is generally believed that ... / As we all know, ... Adding points Moreover, ... / Furthermore, ... / In addition, ... / Besides, ... Giving examples For example, ... / For instance, ... / Take ... as an example. / ... illustrates this well. Showing contrast However, ... / On the other hand, ... / Although ... Showing cause/effect Because ... / As a result, ... / Therefore, ... / This led to ... Conclusion In conclusion, ... / Above all, ... / To sum up, ... / All in all, ... Activity 9: Write Your Essay Write an essay about the scientific spirit. Use the stories of Qian Xuesen and Stephen Hawking (or other scientists) as examples. Length: 120-150 words Focus: What personal qualities make a great scientist and how these qualities are shown in their lives. 4. Post Writing Activity 10: Peer Review Checklist Exchange your draft with a partner. Use this checklist to evaluate each other's writing. Criteria Yes No Suggestions Does the writer explain clearly the personal qualities that make up the scientific spirit? ☐ ☐ Does the writer give examples from the lives of the scientist(s) to illustrate the points? ☐ ☐ Does the writer describe the personality of a great scientist? ☐ ☐ Does the writer use appropriate linking words and phrases to tie the ideas together? ☐ ☐ Does the writer use separate paragraphs, each with its own function? ☐ ☐ Does the writer use correct grammar and spelling? ☐ ☐ Activity 11: Self-Revision After getting feedback, revise your essay based on your partner's comments. Pay attention to: Adding more specific examples Improving the logical flow Correcting grammar and spelling mistakes 5. Homework Option 1: Essay Writing Write a short essay (120-150 words) about ONE of the following scientists. Include: Who they are What they achieved What personal qualities made them successful Choose one: Marie Curie (discovered radium) Albert Einstein (theory of relativity) Yuan Longping (father of hybrid rice) Tu Youyou (discovered artemisinin) Option 2: Sentence Combining Combine the following pairs of sentences using linking words: 1.Qian Xuesen was very intelligent. He was also creative because he loved art and music. 2.Hawking was brave. He challenged Hoyle's theory in public. 3.Qian changed his major to aviation. He wanted to help China build a strong air force. 4.Hawking was seriously ill. He never gave up his scientific research. 5.Qian and Hawking were both brilliant scientists. They also had very different personalities. 14 / 17 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 1 Using Language （写作课讲义） 目录 1. Lead in 2. Pre-writing 3. While Writing 4. Post Writing 5. Homework 1. Lead in 一、问题链导入 Look at the title of this section: "Write about what makes a great scientist" Discuss in pairs: 1.Who do you think is a great scientist? Name one and tell your partner why you admire him/her. 答案：Free answers from students. 2.What words would you use to describe a great scientist? 答案: intelligent, creative, determined, curious, patient, hardworking, brave, devoted, patriotic. 3.Is being clever enough to be a great scientist? What else is needed? 答案：Free answers from students. 二、图片激活 Look at the two portraits on pages 7-8. Portrait Who is he? What do you know about him? Photo 1 Qian Xuesen "Father of China's Aerospace" Photo 2 Stephen Hawking Famous physicist who studied the big bang theory 三、名言引入 "Science is not only a disciple of reason but, also, one of romance and passion." — Stephen Hawking Question: What does this quote tell us about science? 答案: Science is not just about logic and facts; it also requires passion and imagination. 2. Pre-writing Activity 1: Read and Judge (True or False) Read the two passages on pages 7-8 and decide if the statements are true (T) or false (F). Statement T/F 1. Qian changed his major because of a shift in personal interest. ____ 2. Qian's strong interest in art has a positive impact on a scientist's development. ____ 3. When Hawking was young, almost everyone believed that the universe began with a big bang. ____ 4. Because Hawking was determined, he was able to succeed even though he was ill. ____ 答案: 1.F — He changed his major because of the Songhu Battle; he realised China needed a powerful air force to protect the country. 2.T — His deep appreciation for art often gave him inspiration in his scientific research. 3.F — In general, there were two main theories. The biggest champion of the steady state concept was Fred Hoyle. 4.T — "He was quite determined. This had helped him as a scientist, and had helped him even more in his fight against his disease." Activity 2: Answer the Questions Read the passages again and answer: 1.Why was Qian called "the father of China's aerospace"? 答案: Because under his leadership, China developed the Dongfeng missiles, the first generation of Long March rockets, and successfully launched its first man-made satellite. Much of the technology behind the Shenzhou spacecrafts can also be traced back to his research. 2. How was Hawking's own theory proven correct? 答案: His work on the big bang theory was soon proven by astronomers with telescopes. Activity 3: Analyse the Structure (篇章结构分析) Complete the table below to compare the structure of the two passages: Aspect Qian Xuesen Stephen Hawking Para 1: Introduction General introduction; his reputation His illness and fame Para 2: Early life Born in Shanghai, changed major due to war First achieved fame at Cambridge in 1964 Para 3: Achievements Led missile/rocket/satellite development Challenged Hoyle's theory; big bang proven Para 4: Personal qualities Read a lot, loved art (music/drawing) Brave, determined, willing to admit faults Activity 4: Identify Linking Words & Personality Descriptions A. Underline the linking words in the passages and write their functions: Linking Words Function However Shows contrast Because Shows cause/reason Therefore / As a result Shows consequence Moreover / Furthermore / Above all Adds information Once Shows time sequence Since Shows cause/reason B. Find words that describe the personalities of the scientists: Qian Xuesen Stephen Hawking patriotic brave devoted determined outstanding brilliant creative careless (sometimes) knowledgeable odd combination of characteristics Activity 5: Complete the Mind Map Put the following qualities into the correct categories. Word bank: curious · determined · brave · honest · creative · patient · patriotic · humble · hardworking A. Qualities about dealing with work (工作态度) 1.____________ — never gives up, keeps trying 2.____________ — works hard and persistently 3.____________ — always wants to learn and ask questions 4.____________ — thinks of new ideas and new ways B. Qualities about dealing with others / society (与人相处/社会) 5.____________ — loves and serves one's country 6.____________ — not proud, knows one's limitations 7.____________ — tells the truth, admits faults C. Qualities about dealing with challenges (面对挑战) 8.____________ — not afraid of danger or difficulty 9.____________ — waits without getting angry, keeps trying 答案： Category Answers A. Work attitude 1. determined, 2. hardworking, 3. curious, 4. creative B. Others / Society 5. patriotic, 6. humble, 7. honest C. Challenges 8. brave, 9. patient 3. While Writing Activity 6: Brainstorming In groups, discuss the following questions: 1.Apart from being clever, what are the most important personal qualities a scientist must have to be successful? 答案: Curiosity, determination, creativity, honesty, patience, courage. 2.How do the stories about Qian and Hawking illustrate the scientific spirit? 答案: Qian changed his major to help his country — shows patriotism and devotion. Qian loved art and music — shows creativity and open-mindedness. Hawking challenged Hoyle's theory — shows courage and critical thinking. Hawking fought his disease — shows determination and bravery. Activity 7: Writing Outline Use the following outline to organise your essay: Paragraph Content Tips Para 1 Introduction: What is the scientific spirit? Start with a general statement or quote. Para 2 Quality 1 + Example Use examples from Qian or Hawking. Para 3 Quality 2 + Example Use linking words (Moreover, Furthermore). Para 4 Quality 3 + Example Use linking words (Also, In addition). Para 5 Conclusion: Summarise and restate your opinion. Use "In conclusion", "Above all". Activity 8: Useful Sentence Patterns Here are some useful expressions for your essay: Function Useful Phrases Introduction In my opinion, ... / It is generally believed that ... / As we all know, ... Adding points Moreover, ... / Furthermore, ... / In addition, ... / Besides, ... Giving examples For example, ... / For instance, ... / Take ... as an example. / ... illustrates this well. Showing contrast However, ... / On the other hand, ... / Although ... Showing cause/effect Because ... / As a result, ... / Therefore, ... / This led to ... Conclusion In conclusion, ... / Above all, ... / To sum up, ... / All in all, ... Activity 9: Write Your Essay Write an essay about the scientific spirit. Use the stories of Qian Xuesen and Stephen Hawking (or other scientists) as examples. Length: 120-150 words Focus: What personal qualities make a great scientist and how these qualities are shown in their lives. 4. Post Writing Activity 10: Peer Review Checklist Exchange your draft with a partner. Use this checklist to evaluate each other's writing. Criteria Yes No Suggestions Does the writer explain clearly the personal qualities that make up the scientific spirit? ☐ ☐ Does the writer give examples from the lives of the scientist(s) to illustrate the points? ☐ ☐ Does the writer describe the personality of a great scientist? ☐ ☐ Does the writer use appropriate linking words and phrases to tie the ideas together? ☐ ☐ Does the writer use separate paragraphs, each with its own function? ☐ ☐ Does the writer use correct grammar and spelling? ☐ ☐ Activity 11: Self-Revision After getting feedback, revise your essay based on your partner's comments. Pay attention to: Adding more specific examples Improving the logical flow Correcting grammar and spelling mistakes 5. Homework Option 1: Essay Writing Write a short essay (120-150 words) about ONE of the following scientists. Include: Who they are What they achieved What personal qualities made them successful Choose one: Marie Curie (discovered radium) Albert Einstein (theory of relativity) Yuan Longping (father of hybrid rice) Tu Youyou (discovered artemisinin) 答案: Yuan Longping: The Father of Hybrid Rice Yuan Longping is one of the greatest scientists in China. He is known as the "father of hybrid rice" because his research helped solve the food problem for millions of people. What made Yuan Longping a great scientist? First, he was extremely determined. He spent over 50 years working on hybrid rice, even when many people doubted his ideas. Second, he was humble and down-to-earth. Although he was famous, he preferred to work in the fields rather than sit in an office. Third, he was creative. He thought outside the box and came up with new methods that others had not considered. In conclusion, Yuan Longping's success was not just because he was intelligent. It was also because of his determination, humility, and creativity. These qualities are what truly make a great scientist. Option 2: Sentence Combining Combine the following pairs of sentences using linking words: 1.Qian Xuesen was very intelligent. He was also creative because he loved art and music. 2.Hawking was brave. He challenged Hoyle's theory in public. 3.Qian changed his major to aviation. He wanted to help China build a strong air force. 4.Hawking was seriously ill. He never gave up his scientific research. 5.Qian and Hawking were both brilliant scientists. They also had very different personalities. 答案: 1.Qian Xuesen was not only very intelligent but also creative because he loved art and music. 2.Hawking was brave because he challenged Hoyle's theory in public. 3.Qian changed his major to aviation because he wanted to help China build a strong air force. / Qian changed his major to aviation so that he could help China build a strong air force. 4.Although Hawking was seriously ill, he never gave up his scientific research. 5.Qian and Hawking were both brilliant scientists, but they had very different personalities. 14 / 17 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $