Unit 1 The mass media（知识清单）英语译林版选择性必修第二册

该高中英语知识清单围绕“大众传媒”单元，系统涵盖词汇（阅读、写作、变形等六类）、语法（过去完成时）、写作（议论文框架与素材）等核心内容，搭建从基础词汇积累到语法应用再到写作输出的递进式学习支架。 清单通过分类呈现（如词汇分阅读与写作）、分级标注（易错点专项辨析）构建知识体系，例如“词汇变形”详解critical的副词（critically）和名词（criticism）形式，培养语言能力；“写作框架”设计现状-利弊-展望结构，提升思维品质。包含“熟词生义”记忆表（如trap的“使困住”用法）和“语法对比表”（一般过去时与过去完成时），助力学生自主复习，教师可据此高效备课。

Unit 1 The mass media 词汇 一、阅读词汇： 1. 使某人困在…… 中 2. 发布数据 3. 延伸到…… 4. 建筑公司 5. 许多，很多 6. 轻伤 7. 自动火警 8. 调查事故 9. 事实细节 10. 揭露，披露 11. 致力于 12. 创办报纸 13. 控诉某人（做）某事 14. 增加，上升 15. 见证快速发展 16. 迅速出现，突然兴起 17. 高峰时段 18. 促进业务 19. 品牌大使 20. 植入式广告 二、写作词汇： 1. 对…… 持批判态度 2. 发生 3. 得出结论 4. 总结，概括 5. 就…… 而言 6. 依赖，依靠 7. 草率下结论 8. 可以使用；有接触…… 的机会 9. 吸引；呼吁 10. 传达，使理解 11. 将…… 与…… 联系起来 12. 专门为…… 定制 13. 发起活动 14. 除…… 之外 15. 使增添乐趣 三、词汇变形： 1. critical adj. 批评的；批判性的；关键的→ adv. 批判性地；危急地→ n. 批评，评论 2. investigate v. 调查→ n. 调查→ n. 调查者 3. journalist n. 新闻记者→ n. 新闻业，新闻工作 4. contradict v. 相矛盾；反驳→ adj. 相互矛盾的 → n. 矛盾 5. conclude v. 总结→ n. 结论，推论 6. accurate adj. 精确的→ adv. 准确地→ n. 准确性 7. commit v. 承诺；致力于→ adj. 尽心尽力的→ n. 投入，承诺 8. found v. 创建，创办→ n. 创始人→ n. 基础 9. persuade v. 说服→ n. 说服→ adj. 有说服力的 10. advertise v. 做广告→ n. 广告→ n. 广告业 11. absorb v. 吸收；理解→ adj. 全神贯注的→ n. 吸收 12. amuse v. 逗笑；消遣→ adj. 感到好笑的→ adj. 有趣的→ n. 娱乐 四、拓展词汇 1. 大众传媒 2. 新闻报道 3. 应急服务机构 4. 数字版 5. 社交媒体 6. 印刷媒体 7. 广播媒体 8. 新闻来源 9. 批判性思维 10. 广告宣传活动 11. 目标客户 12. 公众关注 五、熟词生义 1. trap n. 生义：vt. 2. release v. 生义：vt. 3. mount v. 生义：vi. ；n. 4. channel n. 生义：n. 5. peak n. 生义：adj. ；vi. 6. tailor n. 生义：vt. 7. estate n. 生义：n. 8. witness n. 生义：vt. ； 六、重点短语归纳 1. 扑灭（火） 2. 根据 3. 被认为已经做了…… 4. 有人担心…… 5. (警报) 响起 6. 例如，比如 7. 在…… 和…… 之间变化 8. 建立，设立 9. 密切关联 10. 针对 11. 住宅区，住宅群 12. 揭露，披露 写作 句型 1. There is concern that the construction company that built the tower block had not followed fire safety rules. 译文：有人担心，建造这栋公寓楼的建筑公司没有遵守消防安全规定。 2. It is advisable to remember that journalists may have different priorities, which would influence how they report an event. 译文：明智的做法是记住，记者可能有不同的优先考量，这会影响他们报道事件的方式。 3. The past decades have witnessed the rapid development of online news media. 译文：过去几十年见证了在线新闻媒体的快速发展。 4. As media channels have grown in number and type, so have advertisements. 译文：随着媒体渠道在数量和类型上不断增加，广告也同样如此。 5. Not only will this make them feel more valued, but it will also help companies target their customers more efficiently. 译文：这不仅会让他们感到更受重视，还会帮助企业更精准地定位客户。 语法 过去完成时（Past perfect tense） 写作 写一篇关于在线新闻媒体的议论文（现状 - 利弊 - 展望） 一、知识点精讲 1. critical adj. 批评的，批判性的；关键的；危急的 Be a critical news reader! 做一名有批判性的新闻读者 【词汇拓展】 ① be critical of... 对…… 持批评 / 挑剔态度 ② play a critical role/part in... 在…… 中起关键作用 ③ critically adv. 批判性地；严重地 ④ criticism n. 批评，评论 2. release vt. 发布；释放；松开 n. 释放；发行 Fears grew that the number of deaths could reach 5, according to figures released by emergency services. 译文：根据应急服务机构发布的数据，人们担心死亡人数可能达到 5 人。 【词汇搭配】 ① release a statement/report 发布声明 / 报告 ② release pressure 释放压力 ③ news release 新闻稿 【易混辨析】 release 侧重发布消息、数据，释放人 / 物； publish 侧重出版书籍、报刊，发表文章。 3. investigate vt. & vi. 侦查，调查；研究 A team is currently investigating the accident further. 一个小组目前正在进一步调查这起事故。 【词汇拓展】 ① investigation n. 调查 ② carry out/conduct an investigation 开展调查 ③ investigator n. 调查者 4. come about 发生 How do these differences come about? 这些差异是如何产生的呢？ 【易混辨析】 词汇 / 短语 用法 come about 中性词，多用于疑问句，常与 how 连用 happen 普通用词，强调偶然发生 take place 指有计划、有组织地发生，无被动 occur 正式用词，可指想法浮现 5. contradict vt. 相矛盾，相反；反驳 ...reports on the same events contain different or even contradictory information. 译文：…… 同一事件的报道包含不同甚至相互矛盾的信息。 【词汇拓展】 ① contradictory adj. 相互矛盾的 ② contradiction n. 矛盾 ③ contradict oneself 自相矛盾 ④ in contradiction with 与…… 相矛盾 6. sum up 总结，概括 To sum up, it is wise to read news reports written from various perspectives... 译文：总而言之，阅读从不同视角撰写的新闻报道是明智的…… 【词汇拓展】 ① a sum of money 一笔钱 ② in sum 总而言之（正式用语） ③ summary n. 总结，概要 【写作佳句】To sum up, we should hold a rational attitude towards online news. 7. be committed to 致力于 Though journalists are committed to presenting the truth... 尽管记者致力于呈现真相…… 【词汇拓展】 ① committed adj. 尽心尽力的 ② commitment n. 投入，承诺 ③ commit oneself to (doing) sth. 致力于（做）某事 【注意】to 为介词，后接名词、代词或动名词。 8. witness vt. & vi. 见证；目击 n. 目击者 The past decades have witnessed the rapid development of online news media. 译文：过去几十年见证了在线新闻媒体的快速发展。 【用法点睛】 ① 主语为时间、地点等无生命名词，是写作高分句式。 ② witness to (doing) sth. 为（做）某事作证 9. spring up 迅速出现，突然兴起 At almost the same time, news websites with no print editions sprang up. 译文：几乎与此同时，没有印刷版的新闻网站如雨后春笋般涌现。 【词汇拓展】 spring (sprang, sprung) vi. 跳；涌现 相关短语：spring from 起源于；spring to mind 突然想到 10. tailor vt. 专门制作，定做 n. 裁缝 ...sending them advertisements that are tailored to specific needs. 译文：…… 向他们发送针对特定需求量身定制的广告。 【搭配】 ① tailor sth. to sb.’s needs 使某物适合某人的需求 ② tailored adj. 定制的；合身的 二、核心语法精讲 基本结构 肯定式：had + 过去分词 否定式：had not + 过去分词 疑问式：Had + 主语 + 过去分词？ 核心用法 ① 表示在过去某个时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即“过去的过去”。 常与 by the end of + 过去时间、by the time + 一般过去时从句、before + 过去时间 等连用。 By the age of 25, he had become a famous publisher. 到 25 岁时，他已经成为了一名著名的出版商。 ② 表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。 常与 for + 时间段、since + 时间点 连用。 He had learned very little English before he moved to America. ③ 用于宾语从句中，从句动作发生在主句谓语动作之前。 She said that she had finished her homework. 易混辨析：一般过去时 vs 过去完成时 一般过去时 过去完成时 时间基点是 “现在”，动作发生在过去 时间基点是 “过去”，动作发生在 “过去的过去” 常与 yesterday, last week 等具体过去时间连用 常与 by, before, until 等引导的过去时间状语连用 三、单元写作清单 1. 话题分析 本单元写作话题为 “在线新闻媒体”，属于社会热点类议论文，要求介绍发展现状、分析利弊并展望未来，考查辩证思维与议论文逻辑架构，是高考读写任务的高频话题。 2. 写作框架 开头段：点明现状，引出话题。简述在线新闻媒体的快速发展与普及。 主体段： ① 优势：获取便捷、时效性强、内容丰富、互动性高； ② 弊端：信息真伪难辨、碎片化阅读、可信度不及传统媒体。 结尾段：总结观点，展望未来。提出媒体融合发展，读者应培养批判性思维。 3. 写作素材 开头表达 The past decades have witnessed the boom of online news media. Nowadays, an increasing number of people turn to online news media for the latest information. 优势表达 One of the biggest strengths is its convenience. People can get access to news whenever and wherever they want. Online news can be updated almost instantly, keeping readers informed of current events in time. 弊端表达 On the other hand, the low publishing threshold leads to false information online. Many people hold the view that print news is more trustworthy than online news. 结尾展望 In the future, online news media will develop hand in hand with traditional print media. We should treat online news rationally and develop critical reading skills. 4. 范文背诵 Online News Media: A Double-edged Sword The past decades have witnessed the rapid development of online news media. From news websites to various news apps, online news has become a major way for people to learn about the world. On the one hand, online news media has numerous advantages. First of all, it is extremely convenient. With a smartphone, people can get access to the latest news at any time and any place. Secondly, online news is updated instantly, so readers can keep up with current events without delay. What's more, it encourages interaction — readers can post comments and share opinions, making news reading a more engaging experience. On the other hand, we cannot ignore its problems. For one thing, the quality of online news varies greatly. Some false information spreads quickly and may mislead readers. For another, long-term fragmented reading may reduce people's ability to think deeply. In addition, many people still trust traditional print news more. To sum up, online news media is a double-edged sword. In the future, it will continue to develop and integrate with traditional media. As readers, we should develop critical thinking and learn to distinguish true information from false ones, so as to make good use of online news media. 易错点01 过去完成时与一般过去时的误用 【一句话辨异】When the firefighters arrived at the scene, the fire had spread to the 15th floor. 当消防员到达现场时，大火已经蔓延到了 15 楼。 【错因辨析】 1. 核心区别： 过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，必须有一个过去的动作 / 时间作为参照；一般过去时仅表示动作发生在过去。 2. 判断方法： ① 找过去参照点：有一般过去时动作，发生在其之前的动作用过去完成时； ② 看标志词：by + 过去时间、before + 过去动作 常搭配过去完成时。 【对点训练】 1. By the end of last year, he ______ in the journalism industry for 10 years. A. worked B. has worked C. had worked 2.She ______ the news report before she went to the press conference. A. read B. had read C. has read 易错点02 dozen 数词单复数搭配误用 【助记口诀】 有 s 有 of，无 s 无 of；前有数字不加 s，模糊数量 s 加 of。 【错因辨析】 具体数字 + dozen + 名词复数：dozen 不加 s，不加 of，如 two dozen eggs。 dozens of + 名词复数：表示 “许多，几十”，dozen 加 s，加 of。 名词前有 the, these 等限定词时需加 of，如 two dozen of the eggs。 【对点训练】 1. The fire has left ______ people injured, 5 of whom are in critical condition. A. dozen of B. dozens of C. two dozens 2. The supermarket ordered three ______ boxes of bottled water. A. dozen B. dozens C. dozen of 易错点 03 介词 to 后接动名词固定短语（be committed to） 【一句话辨异】The journalist is committed to reporting the truth instead of making up stories. 【错因辨析】 be committed to 中的 to 是介词，后接名词、代词或动名词，不能接动词原形。 同类短语：look forward to, pay attention to, be used to, object to, devote oneself to 等，to 均为介词。 【对点训练】 As a responsible news editor, she is committed to ______ (provide) readers with accurate information. 易错点 04 被动转述结构 be thought to have done 用法 被动结构 be thought to have done 的用法 【错因辨析】 结构：sb./sth. + be + 过去分词 + to do/have done 不定式动作若发生在谓语之前，用to have done。 同类结构：be reported to have done, be said to have done, be believed to have done 【对点训练】 The fire ______ (think) to have started from the 8th floor of the tower block. 一、默写重点单词 1. ___________ adj. 批评的，批判性的；关键的 2. ___________ vt. 发布；释放；松开 3. ___________ n. 建筑，建造；建造物 4. ___________ adj. 轻微的，次要的 5. ___________ vt.&vi. 侦查，调查 6. ___________ n. 新闻记者 7. ___________ n. 结论，推论 8. ___________ adj. 尽心尽力的 9. ___________ vt. 创建，创办 10. __________ vt.&vi. 见证；目击 二、词汇运用 1. We should develop the ability to read news ________ (critical) in the digital age. 2. The police have launched a full ________ (investigate) into the accident. 3. There are ________ (dozen) of news apps for smartphone users. 4. The two reports gave ________ (contradict) accounts of the event. 5. The past ten years ________ (witness) great changes in the media industry. 6. The course is ________ (tailor) to meet the needs of senior high students. 三、重点句型 1. ________________________ more people will be trapped in the building. 人们担心会有更多人被困在大楼里。 2. ________________________ the rapid development of the Internet in China. 句意：过去的二十年见证了互联网在中国的快速发展。（无灵主语句型考点） 3. When we come across different opinions, we ________________________. 句意：当遇到不同观点时，我们不应该草率下结论。 四、课文语法填空 We rely on news 1. (learn) about what is happening around us. However, reports on the same events often contain different or even 2. (contradict) information. It is advisable 3. (remember) that journalists may have different priorities, 4. influences how they report an event. Even if news reports are written from the same perspective, they may differ 5. factual details. When we come across such differences, we should not rush to the 6. (conclude) that one is false. News written at different stages may contain different information as new facts 7. (bring) to light. 8. (sum) up, we should read news from various sources and use our own judgement. With 9. (discriminate), everyone can be 10. critical news reader. 五、阅读理解 A When we talk about nonfiction television, we mean programs that are based on real events, facts, or people — as opposed to fictional dramas or TV series. Now, let’s explore some of the most popular nonfiction styles on television today. 1. Sports Sports programming earns some of the highest ratings on television. Unlike many other forms, they are usually broadcast live, which brings a sense of immediacy and excitement — you never know what will happen next. From football to basketball to the Olympics, live sports unite millions of viewers around a shared experience. 2. News Programs News programs keep us updated on what’s happening around the world. They include local evening news, national daytime broadcasts on cable networks, and week-in-review shows that air on Fridays or weekends. Some sports networks even run 24-hour news channels dedicated solely to athletics. News is usually presented by anchors and reporters, and it often features news coverage, interviews, and weather reports. 3. Variety Shows Variety shows highlight the talents of their guests through musical performances, dancing and stand-up comedy. They evolved from Victorian-era stage shows and reached their peak in mid-20th-century America, though some versions still exist today, like Saturday Night Live (which also includes sketch comedy). These shows offer a mix of humour and artistry. 4. Sketch Comedy Sketch comedy presents a series of short, humorous scenes performed by a cast of comedians. The styles range from silly slapstick (physical comedy) to dark satire that criticises society. Shows like Monty Python’s Flying Circus are classic examples. Sketch comedy is different from sitcoms because each sketch has its own characters and setting, rather than a continuing storyline. 1．Which type of TV programme is usually broadcast live? A．Sketch Comedy. B．News Programs. C．Variety Shows. D．Sports. 2．What do variety shows and sketch comedy have in common? A．Both originated from Victorian-era stage shows. B．Both feature continuous story lines. C．Both contain humorous content. D．Both mainly focus on musical performances. 3．What is the main purpose of this passage? A．To persuade readers to watch nonfiction TV. B．To introduce common nonfiction TV styles. C．To compare the ratings of different programs. D．To criticise the quality of modern TV shows. B Recently, NASA’s Artemis Ⅱ mission, a historic 10-day journey — a journey of 1,118,500 kilometers, came to an exciting end as the Orion spacecraft splashed down (溅落) safely in the Pacific Ocean. It was NASA’s first mission to the moon with astronauts since the Apollo program in the 1970s. The mission has set a new record for the farthest distance from Earth ever traveled by humans. As the Orion spacecraft returned to Earth, it faced extreme heat, entering the atmosphere at speeds of about 38,600 kilometers per hour. About 6.7 kilometers above the ocean, the parachutes (降落伞) opened up to slow the spacecraft down before it splashed down in the Pacific Ocean. The four astronauts, Reid Wiseman, Victor Glover, Christina Koch, and Jeremy Hansen, have returned to Earth safely. The Artemis Ⅱ mission has a large collection of “firsts”. The astronauts included the first woman (Koch), the first person of color (Glover), and the first non-American (Hansen, a Canadian) to go on a lunar mission. The astronauts were the first people to observe the entire side of the moon that faces away from Earth. They got detailed views of the moon, and noticed craters (陨石坑) and colors that have never been seen on the moon before. They saw the edges of the moon shining with light reflected from Earth. The astronauts made drawings and took photos, which will help scientists identify interesting areas for future study. They used new technology to quickly send photos and information back to scientists on Earth. The success of the mission is an important step towards NASA’s long-term goal of creating a base on the moon. The mission was also a practice run for future missions, including Artemis Ⅲ, which is expected to land astronauts on the moon in 2028. Glover noted that the moon’s south pole, where NASA hopes to land in 2028, will be a challenging area to land in and travel across. 4．What happened to the spacecraft before the parachutes opened? A．It splashed down quickly. B．It went into the Earth’s orbit. C．It entered the atmosphere. D．It slowed down gradually. 5．What is one special achievement of this mission? A．Giving birth to a new technology. B．Viewing the full far side of the moon. C．Finding out the moon landing site. D．Identifying color types on the moon. 6．Why does the author mention the 2028 moon landing? A．To introduce the need for a lunar base. B．To explain the south pole’s challenge. C．To present the next mission’s schedule. D．To stress the Artemis Ⅱ mission’s value. 7．What is the best title for the text? A．Artemis Ⅱ: Final Moon Landing Plan B．Artemis Ⅱ: Forgotten Old Space Dream C．Artemis Ⅱ: Astronauts’ Space Records D．Artemis Ⅱ: Lunar Exploration Progress 六、七选五 Nowadays, countless people choose to set up video accounts on social media platforms like TikTok, WeChat and REDnote to record daily life, share personal thoughts and develop individual hobbies. If you manage your account well and build a fan base, you will gain more opportunities and wider social influence. 1 Here are some practical and professional tips to help new creators move forward step by step, even become online influencers. 2 Before shooting videos, think carefully about your general direction. Select a proper content area based on your genuine interests and core strengths, including life sharing, practical knowledge teaching and honest product recommendations. Sticking to one specific field will greatly help you attract targeted viewers. Master time strategies. Pay special attention to the first three seconds of every video. 3 It is also wise to control video length between 30 seconds and five minutes. What’s more, it matters a lot to pick the right time to post your videos, like lunchtime or evening hours when most people are free. Make sure your videos are original, attractive and of high quality. Never copy others’ works but try to develop your own consistent style all the time. Otherwise, you may face some copyright charges. Eye-catching topic tags can increase your exposure online. Your videos must have clear visuals and audio, run smoothly, and most importantly, provide information that appeals to your viewers. 4 Running a successful video account is never an easy task. You don’t need to update content every single day, but regular posting can keep your audience engaged. 5 Friendly and active interaction will build a lasting connection between you and your fans. Analyze your performance data regularly and keep polishing your videos. You will make steady progress in the long run. A．Target your viewers properly. B．Position your account clearly at the beginning. C．More and more young people become fans of short videos. D．Besides, reply to comments actively to interact with your audience. E．After all, appealing and high-quality contents are the key to success. F．A wonderful opening can immediately catch and hold viewers’ attention. G．Many new creators feel confused about how to run a video account well. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 1 The mass media 词汇 一、阅读词汇： 1. trap sb. in... 使某人困在…… 中 2. release figures 发布数据 3. extend to... 延伸到…… 4. construction company 建筑公司 5. dozens of 许多，很多 6. minor injuries 轻伤 7. automatic fire alarms 自动火警 8. investigate the accident 调查事故 9. factual details 事实细节 10. bring sth to light 揭露，披露 11. be committed to 致力于 12. found a newspaper 创办报纸 13. accuse sb. of (doing) sth 控诉某人（做）某事 14. mount up 增加，上升 15. witness rapid development 见证快速发展 16. spring up 迅速出现，突然兴起 17. peak times 高峰时段 18. boost business 促进业务 19. brand ambassador 品牌大使 20. product placement 植入式广告 二、写作词汇： 1. be critical of 对…… 持批判态度 2. come about 发生 3. draw a conclusion 得出结论 4. sum up 总结，概括 5. in terms of 就…… 而言 6. rely on 依赖，依靠 7. rush to the conclusion 草率下结论 8. have access to 可以使用；有接触…… 的机会 9. appeal to 吸引；呼吁 10. get across 传达，使理解 11. link...to... 将…… 与…… 联系起来 12. be tailored to 专门为…… 定制 13. launch a campaign 发起活动 14. in addition to 除…… 之外 15. brighten up 使增添乐趣 三、词汇变形： 1. critical adj. 批评的；批判性的；关键的→critically adv. 批判性地；危急地→criticism n. 批评，评论 2. investigate v. 调查→investigation n. 调查→investigator n. 调查者 3. journalist n. 新闻记者→journalism n. 新闻业，新闻工作 4. contradict v. 相矛盾；反驳→contradictory adj. 相互矛盾的→contradiction n. 矛盾 5. conclude v. 总结→conclusion n. 结论，推论 6. accurate adj. 精确的→accurately adv. 准确地→accuracy n. 准确性 7. commit v. 承诺；致力于→committed adj. 尽心尽力的→commitment n. 投入，承诺 8. found v. 创建，创办→founder n. 创始人→foundation n. 基础 9. persuade v. 说服→persuasion n. 说服→persuasive adj. 有说服力的 10. advertise v. 做广告→advertisement n. 广告→advertising n. 广告业 11. absorb v. 吸收；理解→absorbed adj. 全神贯注的→absorption n. 吸收 12. amuse v. 逗笑；消遣→amused adj. 感到好笑的→amusing adj. 有趣的→amusement n. 娱乐 四、拓展词汇 1. mass media 大众传媒 2. news report 新闻报道 3. emergency services 应急服务机构 4. digital edition 数字版 5. social media 社交媒体 6. print media 印刷媒体 7. broadcast media 广播媒体 8. news source 新闻来源 9. critical thinking 批判性思维 10. advertising campaign 广告宣传活动 11. target customer 目标客户 12. public attention 公众关注 五、熟词生义 1. trap n. 陷阱 生义：vt. 使落入险境；卡住 2. release v. 释放 生义：vt. 发布；发行 3. mount v. 攀登 生义：vi. 逐步增加；n. 山 4. channel n. 频道 生义：n. 途径，渠道 5. peak n. 山峰 生义：adj. 高峰时期的；vi. 达到高峰 6. tailor n. 裁缝 生义：vt. 专门制作，定做 7. estate n. 遗产 生义：n. 住宅区；大片私有土地 8. witness n. 目击者 生义：vt. 见证；是发生…… 的时间 / 地点 六、重点短语归纳 1. put out 扑灭（火） 2. according to 根据 3. be thought to have done 被认为已经做了…… 4. there is concern that... 有人担心…… 5. go off (警报) 响起 6. for instance 例如，比如 7. vary between...and... 在…… 和…… 之间变化 8. set up 建立，设立 9. hand in hand 密切关联 10. be targeted at 针对 11. housing estate 住宅区，住宅群 12. bring sth. to light 揭露，披露 写作 句型 1. There is concern that the construction company that built the tower block had not followed fire safety rules. 译文：有人担心，建造这栋公寓楼的建筑公司没有遵守消防安全规定。 2. It is advisable to remember that journalists may have different priorities, which would influence how they report an event. 译文：明智的做法是记住，记者可能有不同的优先考量，这会影响他们报道事件的方式。 3. The past decades have witnessed the rapid development of online news media. 译文：过去几十年见证了在线新闻媒体的快速发展。 4. As media channels have grown in number and type, so have advertisements. 译文：随着媒体渠道在数量和类型上不断增加，广告也同样如此。 5. Not only will this make them feel more valued, but it will also help companies target their customers more efficiently. 译文：这不仅会让他们感到更受重视，还会帮助企业更精准地定位客户。 语法 过去完成时（Past perfect tense） 写作 写一篇关于在线新闻媒体的议论文（现状 - 利弊 - 展望） 一、知识点精讲 1. critical adj. 批评的，批判性的；关键的；危急的 Be a critical news reader! 做一名有批判性的新闻读者 【词汇拓展】 ① be critical of... 对…… 持批评 / 挑剔态度 ② play a critical role/part in... 在…… 中起关键作用 ③ critically adv. 批判性地；严重地 ④ criticism n. 批评，评论 2. release vt. 发布；释放；松开 n. 释放；发行 Fears grew that the number of deaths could reach 5, according to figures released by emergency services. 译文：根据应急服务机构发布的数据，人们担心死亡人数可能达到 5 人。 【词汇搭配】 ① release a statement/report 发布声明 / 报告 ② release pressure 释放压力 ③ news release 新闻稿 【易混辨析】 release 侧重发布消息、数据，释放人 / 物； publish 侧重出版书籍、报刊，发表文章。 3. investigate vt. & vi. 侦查，调查；研究 A team is currently investigating the accident further. 一个小组目前正在进一步调查这起事故。 【词汇拓展】 ① investigation n. 调查 ② carry out/conduct an investigation 开展调查 ③ investigator n. 调查者 4. come about 发生 How do these differences come about? 这些差异是如何产生的呢？ 【易混辨析】 词汇 / 短语 用法 come about 中性词，多用于疑问句，常与 how 连用 happen 普通用词，强调偶然发生 take place 指有计划、有组织地发生，无被动 occur 正式用词，可指想法浮现 5. contradict vt. 相矛盾，相反；反驳 ...reports on the same events contain different or even contradictory information. 译文：…… 同一事件的报道包含不同甚至相互矛盾的信息。 【词汇拓展】 ① contradictory adj. 相互矛盾的 ② contradiction n. 矛盾 ③ contradict oneself 自相矛盾 ④ in contradiction with 与…… 相矛盾 6. sum up 总结，概括 To sum up, it is wise to read news reports written from various perspectives... 译文：总而言之，阅读从不同视角撰写的新闻报道是明智的…… 【词汇拓展】 ① a sum of money 一笔钱 ② in sum 总而言之（正式用语） ③ summary n. 总结，概要 【写作佳句】To sum up, we should hold a rational attitude towards online news. 7. be committed to 致力于 Though journalists are committed to presenting the truth... 尽管记者致力于呈现真相…… 【词汇拓展】 ① committed adj. 尽心尽力的 ② commitment n. 投入，承诺 ③ commit oneself to (doing) sth. 致力于（做）某事 【注意】to 为介词，后接名词、代词或动名词。 8. witness vt. & vi. 见证；目击 n. 目击者 The past decades have witnessed the rapid development of online news media. 译文：过去几十年见证了在线新闻媒体的快速发展。 【用法点睛】 ① 主语为时间、地点等无生命名词，是写作高分句式。 ② witness to (doing) sth. 为（做）某事作证 9. spring up 迅速出现，突然兴起 At almost the same time, news websites with no print editions sprang up. 译文：几乎与此同时，没有印刷版的新闻网站如雨后春笋般涌现。 【词汇拓展】 spring (sprang, sprung) vi. 跳；涌现 相关短语：spring from 起源于；spring to mind 突然想到 10. tailor vt. 专门制作，定做 n. 裁缝 ...sending them advertisements that are tailored to specific needs. 译文：…… 向他们发送针对特定需求量身定制的广告。 【搭配】 ① tailor sth. to sb.’s needs 使某物适合某人的需求 ② tailored adj. 定制的；合身的 二、核心语法精讲 基本结构 肯定式：had + 过去分词 否定式：had not + 过去分词 疑问式：Had + 主语 + 过去分词？ 核心用法 ① 表示在过去某个时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即“过去的过去”。 常与 by the end of + 过去时间、by the time + 一般过去时从句、before + 过去时间 等连用。 By the age of 25, he had become a famous publisher. 到 25 岁时，他已经成为了一名著名的出版商。 ② 表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。 常与 for + 时间段、since + 时间点 连用。 例：He had learned very little English before he moved to America. ③ 用于宾语从句中，从句动作发生在主句谓语动作之前。 She said that she had finished her homework. 易混辨析：一般过去时 vs 过去完成时 一般过去时 过去完成时 时间基点是 “现在”，动作发生在过去 时间基点是 “过去”，动作发生在 “过去的过去” 常与 yesterday, last week 等具体过去时间连用 常与 by, before, until 等引导的过去时间状语连用 三、单元写作清单 1. 话题分析 本单元写作话题为 “在线新闻媒体”，属于社会热点类议论文，要求介绍发展现状、分析利弊并展望未来，考查辩证思维与议论文逻辑架构，是高考读写任务的高频话题。 2. 写作框架 开头段：点明现状，引出话题。简述在线新闻媒体的快速发展与普及。 主体段： ① 优势：获取便捷、时效性强、内容丰富、互动性高； ② 弊端：信息真伪难辨、碎片化阅读、可信度不及传统媒体。 结尾段：总结观点，展望未来。提出媒体融合发展，读者应培养批判性思维。 3. 写作素材 开头表达 The past decades have witnessed the boom of online news media. Nowadays, an increasing number of people turn to online news media for the latest information. 优势表达 One of the biggest strengths is its convenience. People can get access to news whenever and wherever they want. Online news can be updated almost instantly, keeping readers informed of current events in time. 弊端表达 On the other hand, the low publishing threshold leads to false information online. Many people hold the view that print news is more trustworthy than online news. 结尾展望 In the future, online news media will develop hand in hand with traditional print media. We should treat online news rationally and develop critical reading skills. 4. 范文背诵 Online News Media: A Double-edged Sword The past decades have witnessed the rapid development of online news media. From news websites to various news apps, online news has become a major way for people to learn about the world. On the one hand, online news media has numerous advantages. First of all, it is extremely convenient. With a smartphone, people can get access to the latest news at any time and any place. Secondly, online news is updated instantly, so readers can keep up with current events without delay. What's more, it encourages interaction — readers can post comments and share opinions, making news reading a more engaging experience. On the other hand, we cannot ignore its problems. For one thing, the quality of online news varies greatly. Some false information spreads quickly and may mislead readers. For another, long-term fragmented reading may reduce people's ability to think deeply. In addition, many people still trust traditional print news more. To sum up, online news media is a double-edged sword. In the future, it will continue to develop and integrate with traditional media. As readers, we should develop critical thinking and learn to distinguish true information from false ones, so as to make good use of online news media. 易错点01 过去完成时与一般过去时的误用 【一句话辨异】When the firefighters arrived at the scene, the fire had spread to the 15th floor. 当消防员到达现场时，大火已经蔓延到了 15 楼。 【错因辨析】 1. 核心区别： 过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，必须有一个过去的动作 / 时间作为参照；一般过去时仅表示动作发生在过去。 2. 判断方法： ① 找过去参照点：有一般过去时动作，发生在其之前的动作用过去完成时； ② 看标志词：by + 过去时间、before + 过去动作 常搭配过去完成时。 【对点训练】 1. By the end of last year, he ______ in the journalism industry for 10 years. A. worked B. has worked C. had worked 【答案】C 【解析】by the end of last year 是过去时间点，“工作十年” 发生在其之前，用过去完成时。 2.She ______ the news report before she went to the press conference. A. read B. had read C. has read 【答案】B 【解析】“看报道” 发生在 “去发布会” 之前，went 是一般过去时，前面动作用过去完成时。 易错点02 dozen 数词单复数搭配误用 【助记口诀】 有 s 有 of，无 s 无 of；前有数字不加 s，模糊数量 s 加 of。 【错因辨析】 具体数字 + dozen + 名词复数：dozen 不加 s，不加 of，如 two dozen eggs。 dozens of + 名词复数：表示 “许多，几十”，dozen 加 s，加 of。 名词前有 the, these 等限定词时需加 of，如 two dozen of the eggs。 【对点训练】 1. The fire has left ______ people injured, 5 of whom are in critical condition. A. dozen of B. dozens of C. two dozens 【答案】B 【解析】表示 “许多” 用固定搭配 dozens of；具体数字后 dozen 用单数。 2. The supermarket ordered three ______ boxes of bottled water. A. dozen B. dozens C. dozen of 【答案】A 【解析】前有具体数字 three，dozen 用单数，直接修饰名词。 易错点 03 介词 to 后接动名词固定短语（be committed to） 【一句话辨异】The journalist is committed to reporting the truth instead of making up stories. 【错因辨析】 be committed to 中的 to 是介词，后接名词、代词或动名词，不能接动词原形。 同类短语：look forward to, pay attention to, be used to, object to, devote oneself to 等，to 均为介词。 【对点训练】 As a responsible news editor, she is committed to ______ (provide) readers with accurate information. 【答案】providing 【解析】to 为介词，后接动名词形式。 易错点 04 被动转述结构 be thought to have done 用法 被动结构 be thought to have done 的用法 【错因辨析】 结构：sb./sth. + be + 过去分词 + to do/have done 不定式动作若发生在谓语之前，用to have done。 同类结构：be reported to have done, be said to have done, be believed to have done 【对点训练】 The fire ______ (think) to have started from the 8th floor of the tower block. 【答案】is thought 【解析】“起火” 发生在 “被认为” 之前，用 to have done 结构，谓语用一般现在时被动。 一、默写重点单词 1. ___________ adj. 批评的，批判性的；关键的 2. ___________ vt. 发布；释放；松开 3. ___________ n. 建筑，建造；建造物 4. ___________ adj. 轻微的，次要的 5. ___________ vt.&vi. 侦查，调查 6. ___________ n. 新闻记者 7. ___________ n. 结论，推论 8. ___________ adj. 尽心尽力的 9. ___________ vt. 创建，创办 10. __________ vt.&vi. 见证；目击 【答案】1.critical 2. release 3. construction 4. minor 5. investigate 6. journalist 7. conclusion 8. committed 9. found 10. witness 二、词汇运用 1. We should develop the ability to read news ________ (critical) in the digital age. 2. The police have launched a full ________ (investigate) into the accident. 3. There are ________ (dozen) of news apps for smartphone users. 4. The two reports gave ________ (contradict) accounts of the event. 5. The past ten years ________ (witness) great changes in the media industry. 6. The course is ________ (tailor) to meet the needs of senior high students. 【答案】1. critically 2. investigation 3. dozens 4. contradictory 5. have witnessed 6. tailored 三、重点句型 1. ________________________ more people will be trapped in the building. 人们担心会有更多人被困在大楼里。 2. ________________________ the rapid development of the Internet in China. 句意：过去的二十年见证了互联网在中国的快速发展。（无灵主语句型考点） 3. When we come across different opinions, we ________________________. 句意：当遇到不同观点时，我们不应该草率下结论。 【答案】1. There is concern that 2. The past twenty years have witnessed 3. should not rush to a conclusion 四、课文语法填空 We rely on news 1. (learn) about what is happening around us. However, reports on the same events often contain different or even 2. (contradict) information. It is advisable 3. (remember) that journalists may have different priorities, 4. influences how they report an event. Even if news reports are written from the same perspective, they may differ 5. factual details. When we come across such differences, we should not rush to the 6. (conclude) that one is false. News written at different stages may contain different information as new facts 7. (bring) to light. 8. (sum) up, we should read news from various sources and use our own judgement. With 9. (discriminate), everyone can be 10. critical news reader. 【答案】1.to learn 2. contradictory 3. to remember 4. which 5. in 6. conclusion 7. are brought 8. To sum 9. discrimination 10. a 五、阅读理解 A When we talk about nonfiction television, we mean programs that are based on real events, facts, or people — as opposed to fictional dramas or TV series. Now, let’s explore some of the most popular nonfiction styles on television today. 1. Sports Sports programming earns some of the highest ratings on television. Unlike many other forms, they are usually broadcast live, which brings a sense of immediacy and excitement — you never know what will happen next. From football to basketball to the Olympics, live sports unite millions of viewers around a shared experience. 2. News Programs News programs keep us updated on what’s happening around the world. They include local evening news, national daytime broadcasts on cable networks, and week-in-review shows that air on Fridays or weekends. Some sports networks even run 24-hour news channels dedicated solely to athletics. News is usually presented by anchors and reporters, and it often features news coverage, interviews, and weather reports. 3. Variety Shows Variety shows highlight the talents of their guests through musical performances, dancing and stand-up comedy. They evolved from Victorian-era stage shows and reached their peak in mid-20th-century America, though some versions still exist today, like Saturday Night Live (which also includes sketch comedy). These shows offer a mix of humour and artistry. 4. Sketch Comedy Sketch comedy presents a series of short, humorous scenes performed by a cast of comedians. The styles range from silly slapstick (physical comedy) to dark satire that criticises society. Shows like Monty Python’s Flying Circus are classic examples. Sketch comedy is different from sitcoms because each sketch has its own characters and setting, rather than a continuing storyline. 1．Which type of TV programme is usually broadcast live? A．Sketch Comedy. B．News Programs. C．Variety Shows. D．Sports. 2．What do variety shows and sketch comedy have in common? A．Both originated from Victorian-era stage shows. B．Both feature continuous story lines. C．Both contain humorous content. D．Both mainly focus on musical performances. 3．What is the main purpose of this passage? A．To persuade readers to watch nonfiction TV. B．To introduce common nonfiction TV styles. C．To compare the ratings of different programs. D．To criticise the quality of modern TV shows. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 【解析】本文主要介绍了当今电视上几种流行的非虚构类节目风格，包括体育节目、新闻节目、综艺节目和喜剧小品，分别说明了它们的特点和形式。 1．细节理解题。根据“Sports(体育节目)”部分的“Sports programming earns some of the highest ratings on television. Unlike many other forms, they are usually broadcast live, which brings a sense of immediacy and excitement — you never know what will happen next.(体育节目是电视上收视率最高的节目类型之一。与其他多数节目形式不同，体育节目通常为直播播出，带来即时感和兴奋感，节目下一秒的画面始终充满未知。)”可知，体育节目通常是直播的。 2．细节理解题。根据“Variety Shows(综艺节目)”部分的“Variety shows highlight the talents of their guests through musical performances, dancing and stand-up comedy.( 综艺节目通过音乐表演、舞蹈和单口喜剧来突出嘉宾的才艺。)”以及“Sketch comedy(喜剧小品)”部分的“Sketch comedy presents a series of short, humorous scenes performed by a cast of comedians.(喜剧小品呈现由喜剧演员阵容表演的一系列简短、幽默的场景。)”可知，综艺节目包含单口喜剧，而喜剧小品本身是幽默的，两者都含有幽默内容。 3．推理判断题。根据第一段“Now, let’s explore some of the most popular nonfiction styles on television today.(现在，让我们来探讨一下当今电视上一些最流行的非虚构类节目风格。)”可知，本文探讨当今电视上一些最流行的非虚构类节目风格，可推理出本文的主要目的是介绍常见的非虚构类电视节目风格。 B Recently, NASA’s Artemis Ⅱ mission, a historic 10-day journey — a journey of 1,118,500 kilometers, came to an exciting end as the Orion spacecraft splashed down (溅落) safely in the Pacific Ocean. It was NASA’s first mission to the moon with astronauts since the Apollo program in the 1970s. The mission has set a new record for the farthest distance from Earth ever traveled by humans. As the Orion spacecraft returned to Earth, it faced extreme heat, entering the atmosphere at speeds of about 38,600 kilometers per hour. About 6.7 kilometers above the ocean, the parachutes (降落伞) opened up to slow the spacecraft down before it splashed down in the Pacific Ocean. The four astronauts, Reid Wiseman, Victor Glover, Christina Koch, and Jeremy Hansen, have returned to Earth safely. The Artemis Ⅱ mission has a large collection of “firsts”. The astronauts included the first woman (Koch), the first person of color (Glover), and the first non-American (Hansen, a Canadian) to go on a lunar mission. The astronauts were the first people to observe the entire side of the moon that faces away from Earth. They got detailed views of the moon, and noticed craters (陨石坑) and colors that have never been seen on the moon before. They saw the edges of the moon shining with light reflected from Earth. The astronauts made drawings and took photos, which will help scientists identify interesting areas for future study. They used new technology to quickly send photos and information back to scientists on Earth. The success of the mission is an important step towards NASA’s long-term goal of creating a base on the moon. The mission was also a practice run for future missions, including Artemis Ⅲ, which is expected to land astronauts on the moon in 2028. Glover noted that the moon’s south pole, where NASA hopes to land in 2028, will be a challenging area to land in and travel across. 4．What happened to the spacecraft before the parachutes opened? A．It splashed down quickly. B．It went into the Earth’s orbit. C．It entered the atmosphere. D．It slowed down gradually. 5．What is one special achievement of this mission? A．Giving birth to a new technology. B．Viewing the full far side of the moon. C．Finding out the moon landing site. D．Identifying color types on the moon. 6．Why does the author mention the 2028 moon landing? A．To introduce the need for a lunar base. B．To explain the south pole’s challenge. C．To present the next mission’s schedule. D．To stress the Artemis Ⅱ mission’s value. 7．What is the best title for the text? A．Artemis Ⅱ: Final Moon Landing Plan B．Artemis Ⅱ: Forgotten Old Space Dream C．Artemis Ⅱ: Astronauts’ Space Records D．Artemis Ⅱ: Lunar Exploration Progress 【答案】4．C 5．B 6．D 7．D 【解析】本文主要讲述了NASA的Artemis Ⅱ任务成功完成，这是自阿波罗计划以来首次载人绕月飞行，创造了多项“第一次”纪录，并为未来建立月球基地和2028年登月任务奠定了基础。 4．细节理解题。根据第二段“As the Orion spacecraft returned to Earth, it faced extreme heat, entering the atmosphere at speeds of about 38,600 kilometers per hour. About 6.7 kilometers above the ocean, the parachutes (降落伞) opened up to slow the spacecraft down before it splashed down in the Pacific Ocean. (当猎户座飞船返回地球时，它遭遇了极高的温度，以每小时约38,600公里的速度进入大气层。在距离海平面约6.7公里的高空，降落伞打开以减缓飞船速度，随后它在太平洋中溅落。)”可知，在降落伞打开之前，飞船已经进入了大气层。 5．细节理解题。根据第四段“The astronauts were the first people to observe the entire side of the moon that faces away from Earth. (宇航员是第一批观察到月球背面整面的人。)”可知，本次任务的一项特殊成就是首次完整观测了月球背面。 6．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The success of the mission is an important step towards NASA's long-term goal of creating a base on the moon. The mission was also a practice run for future missions, including Artemis Ⅲ, which is expected to land astronauts on the moon in 2028. (此次任务的成功是迈向NASA建立月球基地长期目标的重要一步。该任务也是未来任务的演练，包括预计2028年将宇航员送上月球的Artemis Ⅲ。)”可知，作者提及2028年登月是为了说明Artemis Ⅱ作为铺垫任务的重要价值。 7．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章围绕Artemis Ⅱ任务展开，介绍了其作为载人绕月飞行的历史性突破、多项“第一次”成就、对月球背面的新发现，以及对未来月球探索的推动作用，整体呈现的是月球探索的新进展，故D项适合用作标题。 六、七选五 Nowadays, countless people choose to set up video accounts on social media platforms like TikTok, WeChat and REDnote to record daily life, share personal thoughts and develop individual hobbies. If you manage your account well and build a fan base, you will gain more opportunities and wider social influence. 1 Here are some practical and professional tips to help new creators move forward step by step, even become online influencers. 2 Before shooting videos, think carefully about your general direction. Select a proper content area based on your genuine interests and core strengths, including life sharing, practical knowledge teaching and honest product recommendations. Sticking to one specific field will greatly help you attract targeted viewers. Master time strategies. Pay special attention to the first three seconds of every video. 3 It is also wise to control video length between 30 seconds and five minutes. What’s more, it matters a lot to pick the right time to post your videos, like lunchtime or evening hours when most people are free. Make sure your videos are original, attractive and of high quality. Never copy others’ works but try to develop your own consistent style all the time. Otherwise, you may face some copyright charges. Eye-catching topic tags can increase your exposure online. Your videos must have clear visuals and audio, run smoothly, and most importantly, provide information that appeals to your viewers. 4 Running a successful video account is never an easy task. You don’t need to update content every single day, but regular posting can keep your audience engaged. 5 Friendly and active interaction will build a lasting connection between you and your fans. Analyze your performance data regularly and keep polishing your videos. You will make steady progress in the long run. A．Target your viewers properly. B．Position your account clearly at the beginning. C．More and more young people become fans of short videos. D．Besides, reply to comments actively to interact with your audience. E．After all, appealing and high-quality contents are the key to success. F．A wonderful opening can immediately catch and hold viewers’ attention. G．Many new creators feel confused about how to run a video account well. 【答案】1．G 2．B 3．F 4．E 5．D 【导语】本文围绕社交媒体短视频账号运营展开，点明运营好账号能带来机遇与影响力，针对新手创作者给出账号定位、时长发布、原创内容、粉丝互动四大实操运营建议。 1．上文“If you manage your account well and build a fan base, you will gain more opportunities and wider social influence. (如果你能妥善管理账号并建立粉丝基础，将获得更多的机会和更广泛的社会影响力)”介绍运营账号的好处；下文“Here are some practical and professional tips to help new creators move forward step by step, even become online influencers. (以下是一些实用且专业的建议，帮助新创作者循序渐进地成长，甚至成为网络红人)”给出解决方案。G选项“Many new creators feel confused about how to run a video account well. (许多新手创作者不知道如何运营视频账号)”抛出新手普遍存在的困惑，衔接上文话题，引出下文方法。 2．下文“Before shooting videos, think carefully about your general direction. Select a proper content area based on your genuine interests and core strengths... Sticking to one specific field will greatly help you attract targeted viewers. (在拍摄视频之前，请仔细思考你的整体方向。根据你的真实兴趣和核心优势，选择合适的内容领域……专注于一个特定领域，将大大地有助于你吸引到目标观众)”说明账号初期内容定位。B选项“Position your account clearly at the beginning. (一开始清晰定位你的账号)”置于段首，总领本段内容。 3．上文“Pay special attention to the first three seconds of every video. (格外留意视频开头前三秒)”强调视频开头的重要性；下文“It is also wise to control video length between 30 seconds and five minutes. (同时建议将视频时长控制在30秒到五分钟之间)”讲第二条时间策略。F选项“A wonderful opening can immediately catch and hold viewers’ attention. (精彩开头能立刻抓住并留住观众注意力)”承接上文“前三秒”策略，解释视频开头的作用。 4．上文“Make sure your videos are original, attractive and of high quality...provide information that appeals to your viewers (保证视频原创、吸睛、高质量，输出观众感兴趣的内容)”围绕优质原创视频展开。E选项“After all, appealing and high-quality contents are the key to success. (毕竟吸睛优质内容是成功关键)”总结本段核心观点。 5．上文“Running a successful video account is never an easy task...regular posting can keep your audience engaged (运营一个成功的视频账号从来都不是一件容易的事……定期更新能留住观众)”提到成功运营视频账号的一个方法——定期更新；下文“Friendly and active interaction will build a lasting connection between you and your fans. (友好积极的互动将和粉丝建立长久联结)”提到与粉丝互动。D选项“Besides, reply to comments actively to interact with your audience. (此外，主动回复评论和观众互动)”引出成功运营视频账号的另一个方法——与粉丝互动。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $