Unit4语法(形容词后缀-able)讲解与练习-2026-2027学年仁爱科普版英语九年级上册新课预习

该初中英语导学案以“形容词后缀 - able”为核心，围绕“可……的、能够被……的”等基础含义及四大拼写规则展开，通过“基础讲解 - 规则辨析 - 否定变形 - 易错总结”的递进式设计，构建从词性转换到实际应用的完整学习路径，体现知识建构的系统性和连贯性。 亮点在于“拼写规则分类突破”与“单元核心易错点总结”的结合，通过“词形填空”“汉译英句子翻译”等多样化练习，培养学生语言能力（准确理解和表达）和思维品质（分析拼写规则差异）。每部分均标注高频错题及逻辑理解提示，既帮助学生夯实基础，又为教师实施单元语法复习提供针对性指导，促进深度学习和能力提升。

Unit4 Fun in the Sun!语法讲解与练习 形容词后缀-able详细讲解 一、核心基础含义 1. 基本词性转换 动词/名词+后缀 -able →形容词 核心词义：可……的、能够被……的、适合……的、值得……的 逻辑理解：-able 形容词大多表示“可以被……的”，区别于主动含义的形容词。 2. 基础例句 wash（洗）+ -able = washable 可水洗的 → This sportswear is washable. 这套运动服可水洗。 enjoy（享受）+ -able = enjoyable 令人愉快的 → The outdoor trip is enjoyable. 这次户外旅行很愉快。 二、-able 拼写变形四大必考规则 规则1：直接加-able（绝大多数动词） 单词无特殊词尾变化，直接后缀变形。 read 读 → readable 可读的； break 打碎 → breakable 易碎的 accept 接受 → acceptable 可接受的； suit 适合 → suitable 合适的 规则2：不发音e结尾，去e加-able 词尾e不发音，去掉e后再加后缀。 move 移动 → movable 可移动的；use 使用 → usable 可用的； believe 相信 → believable 可信的 规则3：ce/ge 结尾，保留e再加-able 为了保留 c /s/、g /dʒ/ 的原有发音，必须保留词尾e，严禁删改。 change 改变 → changeable 多变的； notice 注意 → noticeable 明显的 ⚠️ 易错拼写：无 changeble 写法，正确为 changeable 规则4：辅音+y结尾，变y为i加-able；元音+y直接加 辅音字母+y：rely 依靠 → reliable 可靠的；vary 变化 → variable 多变的 元音字母+y（ay/ey）：直接加able，不变形，如 enjoy → enjoyable ⚠️ 易错拼写：无 relyable 写法，正确为 reliable 三、否定变形：前缀 un- + -able 形容词 在 -able 形容词前加前缀 un-，表示“不可……的、不……的”，单元高频必考： believable 可信的 → unbelievable 难以置信的 comfortable 舒适的 → uncomfortable 不舒服的 acceptable 可接受的 → unacceptable 无法接受的 forgettable 易忘记的 → unforgettable 难忘的 suitable 合适的 → unsuitable 不合适的 四、易混辨析：-able vs -ible 1. 核心区别 -able：词根是完整独立单词，可自由造词，初中绝大多数变形词均为此类。 -ible：词根不能单独成词，为固定拼写单词，只能背诵，无法自行变形。 2. 中考必背 -ible 固定词 possible 可能的；impossible 不可能的；visible 可见的； invisible 看不见的; terrible 糟糕的；edible 可食用的 五、名词 + -able特殊变形（拓展考点） 少量名词可加 -able 构成形容词，表“具有……特质的”： fashion（时尚）→ fashionable 时髦的；comfort（舒适）→ comfortable 舒适的 reason（理由）→ reasonable 合理的 六、单元核心易错点总结 1. 拼写错误：changeable（保留e）、reliable（变y为i）为最高频错题； 2. 词义误区：-able 含被动含义，breakable 是“易碎的（可被打碎的）”，而非“会打碎东西的”； 3. 词性区分：独立单词 able（能干的）≠ 后缀 -able，不可混淆用法。 【巩固练习】 一、写出下列单词的汉语意思（共20题） 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. enjoyable ____________ 2. changeable ____________ 3. washable ____________ 4. suitable ____________ 5. reliable ____________ 6. believable ____________ 7. unbelievable ____________ 8. comfortable ____________ 9. uncomfortable ____________ 10. acceptable ____________ 11. unacceptable ____________ 12. movable ____________ 13. readable ____________ 14. fashionable ____________ 15. reasonable ____________ 16. remarkable ____________ 17. available ____________ 18. breakable ____________ 19. noticeable ____________ 20. unforgettable ____________ 二、用所给词的正确形式填空 1. The summer camp is very ________ (enjoy) for kids. 2. The weather in the mountains is ________ (change). 3. This T-shirt is ________ (wash), so you can clean it by yourself. 4. This pair of shoes is ________ (suit) for outdoor sports. 5. He is a ________ (rely) friend, so you can trust him. 6. The story is so strange that it is hardly ________ (believe). 7. The sofa is soft and ________ (comfort) to sit on. 8. His advice is ________ (accept) for all of us. 9. The small desk is ________ (move) and easy to carry. 10. The words in the book are clear and ________ (read). 11. She always wears ________ (fashion) clothes in summer. 12. It is ________ (reason) to take exercise every day. 13. The little mistake is not ________ (notice). 14. The glass bottle is ________ (break), so please be careful. 15. The summer trip is an ________ (forget) experience for me. 三、单项选择 1. The scenery of the seaside is so beautiful and the trip is totally ________. A. enjoy B. enjoyable C. enjoying D. enjoyed 2. It is ________ that he finished the hard work in one hour. A. unbelievable B. believable C. comfortable D. changeable 3. This kind of cloth is ________, so you don’t worry about cleaning it. A. movable B. washable C. suitable D. reliable 4. The weather in summer is very ________. It may rain suddenly. A. reasonable B. fashionable C. changeable D. readable 5. This lightweight hat is ________ for hot sunny days. A. unsuitable B. suitable C. unacceptable D. breakable 6. My deskmate is a ________ boy and everyone likes to make friends with him. A. reliable B. changeable C. movable D. noticeable 7. The old chair is hard and ________, so I don’t like sitting on it. A. comfortable B. uncomfortable C. enjoyable D. reasonable 8. His explanation is clear and ________, so we all agree with him. A. unacceptable B. believable C. forgettable D. breakable 9. The words on the poster are small but ________. A. readable B. fashionable C. reliable D. movable 10. It is ________ to spend too much time on computer games. A. reasonable B. unreasonable C. enjoyable D. changeable 11. The box is ________, so you can put it anywhere you like. A. breakable B. washable C. movable D. noticeable 12. The sunset view on the beach is ________ and we all fell in love with it. A. remarkable B. changeable C. reliable D. readable 13. I’m sorry, this kind of service is ________ in our hotel. A. acceptable B. unacceptable C. comfortable D. enjoyable 14. The glass is ________. Don’t drop it on the ground. A. washable B. breakable C. movable D. suitable 15. The summer camp left an ________ memory in my heart. A. unforgettable B. forgettable C. believable D. changeable 四、汉译英句子翻译 1. 这次户外徒步旅行非常令人愉快。 ___________________________________________ 2. 夏天的天气多变，出门最好带伞。 ___________________________________________ 3. 这款运动套装很适合晴天户外运动。 ___________________________________________ 4. 他是一个可靠的人，你可以相信他。 ___________________________________________ 5. 这次海边之旅给我留下了难忘的回忆。 ___________________________________________ Keys 一、单词汉语意思 1. 令人愉快的 2. 多变的；易变的 3. 可水洗的 4. 合适的；适宜的 5. 可靠的；可信赖的6. 可信的 7. 难以置信的 8. 舒适的 9. 不舒服的 10. 可接受的11. 不可接受的 12. 可移动的 13. 可读的；清晰易懂的 14. 时髦的；时尚的 15. 合理的；公道的16. 显著的；非凡的 17. 可获得的；有空的 18. 易碎的 19. 显而易见的；值得注意的 20. 难忘的 二、词形填空 1. enjoyable 2. changeable 3. washable 4. suitable 5. reliable 6. believable 7. comfortable 8. acceptable 9. movable 10. readable 11. fashionable 12. reasonable 13. noticeable 14. breakable 15. unforgettable 三、单项选择 1.B 2.A 3.B 4.C 5.B 6.A 7.B 8.B 9.A 10.B 11.C 12.A 13.B 14.B 15.A 四、汉译英 1. This outdoor hiking trip is very enjoyable. 2. The weather in summer is changeable, so you’d better take an umbrella when you go out. 3. This sports suit is suitable for outdoor sports on sunny days. 4. He is a reliable person and you can trust him. 5. This trip to the seaside left me an unforgettable memory. $