内容正文:
一般过去时题型分类及做题方法总结(小学)
一、题型分类:
句型结构
考点类型
示例
考频热度
I was / You were / He was / They were
be 动词过去式
I was happy. / He was late.
★★★★★
主语 + 动词过去式
规则动词过去式
I played football. / She watched TV.
★★★★★
动词 + ed / d / ied / 双写最后一个辅音字母+ed
过去式变化规则
played / liked / studied / stopped
★★★★★
go→went, do→did, have→had...
不规则动词过去式
He went to school. / I did my homework.
★★★★★
didn’t + 动词原形
否定句
I didn’t play. / He didn’t go.
★★★★★
Did + 主语 + 动词原形?
一般疑问句
Did you play? / Did he go?
★★★★★
What / Where / When + did...?
特殊疑问句
What did you do? / Where did he go?
★★★★
yesterday / last... / ...ago
时间状语搭配
yesterday / last night / two days ago
★★★★
There was / There were
there be 过去式
There was a book. / There were apples.
★★★★
过去发生的动作/状态
一般过去时的用法
I visited my grandma last week.
★★★★
肯定↔否定↔疑问转换
句型转换
He played → He didn’t play → Did he play?
★★★★★
易错点综合辨析
改错题
He didn’t went → He didn’t go.
★★★★
★ 核心考频发现:
一般过去时是小学英语最核心的时态之一,在小升初考试及各类小学英语测试中出题率极高。其中
(1) 『be 动词过去式 was/were』『规则动词过去式变化规则』约占一般过去时考题的 35%,是最高频考点;
(2) 『否定句与疑问句(did)』『不规则动词过去式』约占 30%,是必考易错点;
(3) 『时间状语搭配』『句型转换』约占 20%,是常考考点;
(4) 『there be 过去式』『易错点辨析』约占 15%,是拉分难点。
考频前三:be动词与规则变化(35%) > 否定句/疑问句/不规则动词(30%) > 时间状语/句型转换(20%)。
二、做题方法总结:
第一步:找时间标志词。看到 yesterday, last night/week/month/year, ...ago, just now, in 2020 等过去时间状语,就用一般过去时。
第二步:判断动词类型。表状态用 be 动词过去式(I/he/she/it 用 was,you/we/they/复数 用 were);表动作用实义动词过去式——规则动词加 ed/d/ied/双写+ed,不规则动词单独记。
第三步:变否定和疑问。否定句:be 动词后加 not(wasn’t/weren’t),实义动词前加 didn’t,后接动词原形;疑问句:be 动词提前,或句首加 Did,后接动词原形。
第四步:检查动词形式。didn’t/Did 后必须接动词原形,不能接过去式——He didn’t go(不是 didn’t went);Did he play?(不是 Did he played?);不规则动词要记牢——go→went, do→did, have→had。
(特别注意:
一般过去时的核心是『时间标志词决定时态,动词要变过去式』——be 动词看人称(I/he/she/it 用 was,you/we/they 用 were);
否定句和疑问句中 didn’t/Did 后必须接动词原形,不能接过去式!
动词变化过去式规则变化:
规则说明
例子
一般情况下直接加 -ed
work→worked, play→played, watch→watched
以 e 结尾加 -d
live→lived, hope→hoped, use→used
以辅音字母 + y 结尾变 y 为 i 再加 -ed
study→studied, carry→carried, cry→cried
以元音字母 + y 结尾直接加 -ed(y 不变)
play→played, enjoy→enjoyed, stay→stayed
以重读闭音节结尾(辅-元-辅),双写末尾辅音字母再加 -ed
stop→stopped, plan→planned, prefer→preferred
双写口诀: "重读、单辅、结尾"三个条件缺一不可。
常见双写动词: stop, plan, prefer, fit, drop, beg, hug, nod, pat, mop, swim(不规则),run(不规则)。
易错点:listen→listened(重音不在末尾,不双写);open→opened;visit→visited。
常用不规则动词必须记牢:小学阶段重点掌握
go→went, do→did, have→had, see→saw, eat→ate, get→got, come→came, take→took, buy→bought,drink→drank, give→gave,make→made,say→said,find →found,bring→brought, teach →taught ,think →thought,read→read(拼写不变读音变)write→ wrote,ride → rode,run → ran,swim→ swam,
sing → sang,sit → sat,sleep→ slept,meet → met,
lose → lost,win→ won,hurt→ hurt,cut → cut,put→ put)
不规则变化(需记忆)
(小学阶段以下内容不做过多要求,把常见词汇变过去式掌握即可)
按"原形-过去式-过去分词"三态变化规律,分为四类:
1. AAA 型(三态完全相同)
put→put→put,cut→cut→cut,cost→cost→cost,hit→hit→hit,hurt→hurt→hurt,let→let→let,set→set→set,shut→shut→shut,read→read→read(拼写同,读音变 /red/)
2. ABA 型(过去式与原形相同)
come→came→come,become→became→become,run→ran→run
3. ABB 型(过去式与过去分词相同,最常见)
ought/aught 型:buy→bought,bring→brought,think→thought,fight→fought,catch→caught,teach→taught
变中间元音sit→sat,win→won,get→got,hold→held,find→found,tell→told,sell→sold,meet→met,feel→felt,keep→kept,sleep→slept,leave→left,build→built
变结尾辅音make→made,have→had,say→said,lay→laid,pay→paid,stand→stood,understand→understood,lose→lost,burn→burnt,mean→meant,light→lit,shoot→shot
4. ABC 型(三态都不同)
i-a-u 型(原形 i,过去式 a,过去分词u): begin→began→begun,drink→drank→drunk,sing→sang→sung,ring→rang→rung,swim→swam→swum,sink→sank→sunk
ow-ew-own型: blow→blew→blown,grow→grew→grown,know→knew→known,throw→threw→thrown,fly→flew→flown,draw→drew→drawn,show→showed→shown
其他常见:do→did→done,go→went→gone,see→saw→seen,give→gave→given,eat→ate→eaten,take→took→taken,write→wrote→written,ride→rode→ridden,drive→drove→driven,rise→rose→risen,break→broke→broken,choose→chose→chosen,speak→spoke→spoken,wear→wore→worn,tear→tore→torn,steal→stole→stolen,forget→forgot→forgotten,be→was/were→been
特别注意
1、read 的读音:/riːd/(原形) → 过去式read读音是/red/,拼写不变但发音变。
2、be 动词:am/is→was,are→were,过去分词统一为 been。
3、不规则动词、无规律可循,需逐一记忆,建议按上述四类分组背诵效率最高。
(1)be 动词过去式(was / were)
be 动词过去式随主语变化:I/he/she/it/单数名词/不可数名词 用 was;
you/we/they/复数名词 用 were。如 I was happy. / They were late.
(特别注意:
I 作主语用 was,不是 were——I was(不是 I were);
he/she/it/单数名词作主语 用 was——He was / The cat was;
you/we/they/复数名词 作主语用 were——They were / The cats were;
不可数名词作主语用 was——The water was cold;
this/that作主语 用 was,these/those作主语 用 were。)
Eg: I was at home yesterday. → (I 作主语用 was)
Eg: They were late this morning. → (they 复数作主语用 were)
Eg: The cat was cute. → (The cat 单数作主语用 was)
随堂练习1
1、I _____ at home yesterday.
2、She _____ a teacher last year.
3、They _____ happy yesterday.
4、The cat _____ on the chair just now.
5、We _____ good friends last year.
(2)规则动词过去式变化规则(ed / d / ied / 双写+ed)
变动词过去式规则变化常用四条:其他详细内容见前文
①一般情况加 ed(play→played, watch→watched);
②以 e 结尾加 d(like→liked, live→lived);
③辅音字母+y 结尾,变 y 为 i 加 ed(study→studied, cry→cried);
④重读闭音节双写末尾辅音字母加 ed(stop→stopped, plan→planned)。
(特别注意:
以 e 结尾只加 d,不能加 ed——liked(不是 likedd);
辅音+y 变 ied——study→studied,但元音+y 直接加 ed——play→played(不是 plaied);
重读闭音节才双写——stop→stopped, plan→planned, 但 open→opened(不双写,因为重音不在末音节);visit→visited(不双写)。
Eg: play → played → (一般加 ed)
Eg: like → liked → (以 e 结尾加 d)
Eg: study → studied →(辅音+y 变y为 i加ed)
随堂练习2
1、watch → _____(过去式)
2、live → _____(过去式)
3、cry → _____(过去式)
4、stop → _____(过去式)
5、play → _____(过去式)
(3)规则动词 -ed 的三种读音(/t/ /d/ /ɪd/)
动词加 ed 后有三种读音:
①在清辅音(除 /t/)后读 /t/——watched, helped, stopped;
②在浊辅音(除 /d/)和元音后读 /d/——played, lived, used;
③在 /t/ /d/ 后读 /ɪd/——wanted, needed, visited。
(特别注意:
读音 /ɪd/ 会增加一个音节——wanted(want-ed,两个音节),而 /t/ /d/ 不增加音节——helped(一个音节);
清辅音后读 /t/——watched /wɒtʃt/;
浊辅音/元音后读 /d/——played /pleɪd/;
/t/ /d/ 后读 /ɪd/——wanted /ˈwɒntɪd/。
Eg: watched → /t/ → /t/(清辅音 /tʃ/ 后)
Eg: played → /d/ → /d/(元音 /eɪ/ 后)
Eg: wanted → /ɪd/ → /ɪd/(/t/ 后,增加音节)
随堂练习3
1、helped 读音 _____(/t/ /d/ /ɪd/)
2、lived 读音 _____(/t/ /d/ /ɪd/)
3、needed 读音 _____(/t/ /d/ /ɪd/)
4、stopped 读音 _____(/t/ /d//ɪd/)
5、visited 读音 _____(/t/ /d/ /ɪd/)
(4)常见不规则动词过去式(必背高频词)其他详细内容见前文
小学高频不规则动词过去式:go→went, do→did, have→had, see→saw, eat→ate, get→got, come→came, take→took, buy→bought, read→read(拼写不变读音变 /red/), write→wrote, run→ran, swim→swam, sit→sat, sing→sang, am/is→was, are→were。
(特别注意:
read 的过去式还是 read,但读音变为 /red/——I read a book yesterday;
have 的过去式是 had,不是 haved;
go 的过去式是 went,不是 goed;
do 的过去式是 did,不是 doed;
buy→bought(双写不规整);
不规则动词没有规律,必须死记硬背!
Eg: go → went(不规则,go 的过去式)
Eg: have → had(不规则,have 的过去式)
Eg: see → saw(不规则,see 的过去式)
随堂练习4
1、go → _____(过去式)
2、do → _____(过去式)
3、have → _____(过去式)
4、see → _____(过去式)
5、eat → _____(过去式)
(5)否定句(didn’t + 动词原形)
一般过去时的否定句:
①原句含有be 动词,在其后加 not(was not=wasn’t, were not=weren’t);
②原句含有实义动词借助动词的否定形式 didn’t放在动词前,后面的动词恢复原形——He didn’t play. / I didn’t go.
(特别注意:
didn’t 后必须接动词原形,不能接过去式!He didn’t play(不是 didn’t played);I didn’t go(不是 didn’t went);
be 动词否定直接加 not——wasn’t / weren’t;didn’t = did not;
be 动词否定不能用 didn’t——He wasn’t happy(不是 didn’t was happy)。
Eg: I didn’t play football. →、(didn’t + 原形 play)
Eg: He didn’t go to school. → (didn’t + 原形 go)
Eg: She wasn’t a teacher. → (be 动词加 not)
随堂练习5
1、I _____ (not play) football yesterday.
2、He _____ (not go) to school last week.
3、She _____ (not be) a teacher last year.
4、They _____ (not watch) TV last night.
5、Tom _____ (not have) a bike then.
(6)一般疑问句及回答(Did + 主语 + 动词原形?)
变一般疑问句:
①原句含有be 动词直接提前(Was/Were...?);
肯定回答: Yes, I/he/she was.
否定回答: No, I/he/she wasn’t.
②原句含有实义动词句首加 Did,后接动词原形。
肯定回答:Yes, I/he/she did.
否定回答:No, I/he/she didn’t.
(特别注意:
Did 后必须接动词原形!Did he play?(不是 Did he played?);
回答必须与问句一致——Did you...? → Yes, I did. / Was he...? → Yes, he was.;
原句含be 动词变疑问句be动词直接提前——Was he a teacher? / Were they happy?;
助动词 Did 和 be 动词不能混用。
Eg: Did you like apples? Yes, I did. → (Did + 主语+动词原形 like)
Eg: Did he play football? No, he didn’t. →(Did +主语+动词 原形 play)
Eg: Was she a teacher? Yes, she was. → (be 动词提到主语she前)
随堂练习6
1、_____ you play football yesterday?(一般疑问句)
2、_____ he go to school last week?(一般疑问句)
3、_____ she a teacher last year?(一般疑问句)
4、Did they watch TV? Yes, _____ _____.(肯定回答)
5、Did Tom have a cat? No, _____ _____.(否定回答)
(7)特殊疑问句(What / Where / When + did...?)
特殊疑问句结构:
特殊疑问词 + did + 主语 + 动词原形?
常见疑问词:
What(什么),Where(哪里),When(什么时候),How(怎样),Why(为什么),Who(谁)。
(特别注意:
1、 疑问词后用 did,主语后接动词原形——What did you do? / Where did he go?;
2、 不能漏掉 did——Where you go?(错),应为 Where did you go?;
3、 问原因用 Why,问方式用 How,问时间用 When;
4、原句含有be 动词变成特殊疑问句时,在特殊疑问词后用 was/were——Where were you yesterday?
Eg: What did you do yesterday? → (问做了什么)
Eg: Where did he go last week? → (问去了哪里)
Eg: When did she come? → (问什么时候来)
随堂练习7
1、_____ did you do yesterday?(问做了什么)
2、_____ did he go last week?(问去了哪里)
3、_____ did she come?(问什么时候来)
4、_____ did they go to school?(问方式·怎样去)
5、_____ did she cry?(问原因·为什么哭)
(8)时间状语搭配(yesterday / last... / ...ago)
一般过去时常见时间状语:
yesterday(昨天),yesterday morning/afternoon/evening,last night/week/month/year(昨晚/上周/上月/去年),...ago(two days ago 两天前, three years ago 三年前),just now(刚才),in 2020(在2020年)。
(特别注意:
看到这些时间状语就要用一般过去时!last 后接时间名词——last night(昨晚)/ last week(上周);
ago 前面有时间段——two days ago(两天前);yesterday 可单独用,也可 yesterday morning;just now 表示刚才,用过去时。
Eg: I played football yesterday. → yesterday(昨天)
Eg: He went to Beijing last week. → last week(上周)
Eg: They met two days ago. → two days ago(两天前)
随堂练习8
1、I watched TV _____ (昨天).
2、He went to Beijing _____ (上周).
3、They met _____ (两天前).
4、She was happy _____ (昨晚).
5、We lived here _____ (在2020年).
(9)there be 过去式(There was / There were)
there be 句型的过去式:
单数名词/不可数名词用 There was;如: There was a book on the desk.
复数名词用 There were。 如:There were many people in the park.
(特别注意:
1、 单数名词用 was——There was a book(不是 were);
2、 复数名词用 were——There were apples(不是 was);
3、 不可数名词用 was——There was some water;
4、 就近原则——There was a book and two apples(就近 a book 用 was);
5、there be 表存在,have 表拥有,不能混用。
Eg: There was a book on the desk. → (单数 a book作主语 用 was)
Eg: There were many people. → (复数 people作主语 用 were)
Eg: There was some water. → (不可数 water作主语 用 was)
随堂练习9
1、 There _____ a book on the desk yesterday.
2、There _____ many people in the park last Sunday.
3、There _____ some water in the glass just now.
4、There _____ a cat and two dogs in the room.
5、There _____ two apples and a banana on the table.
(10)一般过去时的用法(过去发生的动作/状态)
一般过去时表示:在过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。常与 yesterday, last..., ...ago, just now, in 2020 等过去时间状语连用。
如 :I visited my grandma last week. / She was happy yesterday.
(特别注意:
1、 必须有过去时间标志词或上下文语境——I played football yesterday(昨天踢球);
2、 表过去的状态用 be 动词过去式——She was a teacher last year;
3、 不能用于现在正在发生的动作——I am reading now(现在进行时,不是 I read now);
4、 讲故事、记日记多用一般过去时。
Eg: I visited my grandma last week. → visited(过去动作,规则变化)
Eg: She was happy yesterday. → was(过去状态,be 动词)
Eg: He went to school by bus. → went(过去动作,不规则变化)
随堂练习10
1、 I _____ (visit) my grandma last week.
2、She _____ (be) happy yesterday.
3、He _____ (go) to school by bus this morning.
4、They _____ (watch) TV last night.
5、Tom _____ (have) a bike two years ago.
(11)句型转换(肯定 ↔ 否定 ↔ 疑问)
句型转换三步走:
①肯定→否定:
原句含有be 动词,直接在be动词后加 not,
原句含有实义动词,借助动词的否定形式 didn’t放在动词前, didn’t后的动词恢复原形;
②肯定→疑问:
原句含有be 动词,直接提前be 动词到主语前,
原句含有实义动词,借助动词 Did放在句首,后面加主语再加动词原形,构成:Did+主语+动词原形;
③注意 didn’t/Did 后接动词原形,在否定句和疑问句中some 改为 any。
(特别注意:
转否定时 didn’t 后接原形——He played → He didn’t play(不是 didn’t played);
转疑问时 Did 后接原形——He played → Did he play?(不是 Did he played?);
肯定句中的 some 在疑问句中改 any;
I was 的否定是 I wasn’t,疑问是 Was I?)
Eg: He played football. → He didn’t play football. → (变否定,didn’t + 动词原形play)
Eg: He played football. → Did he play football? → (变疑问,Did + 主语+动词原形play)
Eg: I had some apples. → I didn’t have any apples. → (变否定,didn’t + 动词原形have,some 改为 any)
随堂练习11
1、He played football. → 否定句:He _____ _____ football.
2、He played football. → 疑问句:_____ he _____ football?
3、She was a teacher. → 否定句:She _____ a teacher.
4、I had some apples. → 疑问句:_____ you have _____ apples?
5、They went to school. → 否定句:They _____ _____ to school.
(12)一般过去时易错点综合辨析(改错题)
常见易错点:
①didn’t + 过去式(错)→ didn’t + 原形;
②Did he played?(错)→ Did he play?;
③不规则动词加 ed(错)——goed→went, doed→did, haved→had;
④I were(错)→ I was;
⑤be 动词与实义动词混用(He was play → He played)。
(特别注意:改错题是小学拉分题!
误:He didn’t went →正: He didn’t go(didn’t 后接原形);
误:Did he played → 正:Did he play(Did 后接原形);
误:He goed → 正:He went(go 不规则变 went);
误:I were happy → 正:I was happy(I 用 was);
误:He was play →正: He played(be 动词与实义动词不能连用)。
Eg: 误:He didn’t went. → 正:He didn’t go. → (didn’t + 原形)
Eg: 误:Did he played? → 正:Did he play ? → (Did + 原形)
Eg: 误:He goed to school. → 正:He went to school. →(go 不规则变 went)
随堂练习12
1、改错:He didn’t went home. ______________________
2、改错:Did he played football? ______________________
3、改错:He goed to school yesterday. ______________________
4、改错:I were happy yesterday. ______________________
5、改错:He was play football. ______________________
答案:
随堂练习1:
1、was(I 用 was)
2、was(she 用 was)
3、were(they 复数用 were)
4、was(The cat 单数用 was)
5、were(we 用 were)
随堂练习2:
1、watched(一般加 ed)
2、lived(以 e 结尾加 d)
3、cried(辅音+y 变 ied)
4、stopped(重读闭音节双写 p 加 ed)
5、played(元音+y 直接加 ed)
随堂练习3:
1、/t/(清辅音 /p/ 后读 /t/)
2、/d/(浊辅音 /v/ 后读 /d/)
3、/ɪd/(/d/ 后读 /ɪd/,增加音节)
4、/t/(清辅音 /p/ 后读 /t/)
5、/ɪd/(/t/ 后读/ɪd/,增加音节)
随堂练习4:
1、went(go 的过去式,不规则)
2、did(do 的过去式,不规则)
3、had(have 的过去式,不规则)
4、saw(see 的过去式,不规则)
5、ate(eat 的过去式,不规则)
随堂练习5:
1、didn’t play(didn’t + 原形 play,不是 didn’t played)
2、didn’t go(didn’t + 原形 go,不是 didn’t went)
3、wasn’t(be 动词加 not,she 用 was)
4、didn’t watch(didn’t + 原形 watch)
5、didn’t have(didn’t + 原形 have,不是 didn’t had)
随堂练习6:
1、Did(Did + 主语 + 原形 play)
2、Did(Did + 主语 + 原形 go)
3、Was(be 动词提前,she 用 was)
4、they did(肯定回答用 Yes, they did.)
5、he didn’t(否定回答用 No, he didn’t.)
随堂练习7:
1、What(问做了什么用 What)
2、Where(问去了哪里用 Where)
3、When(问时间用 When)
4、How(问方式用 How)
5、Why(问原因用 Why)
随堂练习8:
1、yesterday(昨天用过去时)
2、last week(上周用过去时)
3、two days ago(两天前用过去时)
4、last night(昨晚用过去时)
5、in 2020(在2020年用过去时)
随堂练习9:
1、was(单数 a book 用 was)
2、were(复数 many people 用 were)
3、was(不可数 water 用 was)
4、was(就近原则,a cat 单数用 was)
5、were(就近原则,two apples 复数用 were)
随堂练习10:
1、visited(过去动作,一般加 ed)
2、was(过去状态,she 用 was)
3、went(过去动作,go 不规则变 went)
4、watched(过去动作,一般加 ed)
5、had(过去拥有,have 不规则变 had)
随堂练习11:
1、didn’t play(否定,didn’t + 原形 play)
2、Did; play(疑问,Did + 主语 + 原形 play)
3、wasn’t(be 动词否定加 not)
4、Did; any(疑问,Did + 主语 + 原形,some 改 any)
5、didn’t go(否定,didn’t + 原形 go,不是 didn’t went)
随堂练习12:
1、He didn’t go home.(didn’t + 原形 go,不是 went)
2、Did he play football?(Did + 原形 play,不是 played)
3、He went to school yesterday.(go 不规则变 went,不是 goed)
4、I was happy yesterday.(I 用 was,不是 were)
5、He played football.(be 动词与实义动词不能连用,去掉 was,play 用过去式)
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