Unit 2 Period 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas（分层作业）英语外研版选择性必修第一册

**基本信息** 本同步练习通过“基础达标-能力提升-拓展培优”三层递进设计，实现从词汇语法到语篇应用的知识巩固路径，适配新授课语言能力与思维品质培养需求。 **分层设计** |层次|知识覆盖|设计特色| |----|----------|----------| |基础达标|核心词汇、基础句型|汉译英填空、词性转换，强化语言知识记忆与基础表达| |能力提升|复杂句型、语法综合|翻译（含it作形式主语、Only倒装）、语法填空，培养语言运用与逻辑分析能力| |拓展培优|语篇理解、跨文化意识|多题材阅读理解（环保、科技等），提升信息获取与批判性思维，渗透文化意识|

Unit 2 Period 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas 分层练习 基础达标 01 能力提升 02 拓展培优 03 一、根据汉语提示完成句子。 1 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1．“We ________ to ________ you...” These are the words that every writer dreads ________, but words every writer knows well. “我们抱歉地通知您……”这句话，对每个作家来说，既可怕又熟悉。 2．尽管收到负面反馈可能会令人不适，但学会以积极态度回应和利用建设性批评促进个人成长至关重要。 Though it can be painful ________, learning how to respond positively and ________ is crucial. 3．__________, ____________________ of change and accept it ____________________. 然而，我将始终着眼于变革的积极一面，接受变革，而不是抗拒变革。 4．她乐观的态度保证了她在比赛中的成功。 Her positive attitude ________________. 5．在海洋探索中，无论科学家们遇到什么挑战，他们都选择坚持而不放弃。 ________ scientists meet while exploring the sea, they choose ________. 6．当他看到卧室门口站着一个黑影时，一阵恐惧袭上心头。 When he saw a dark figure standing at his bedroom door, ______________. 【答案】1 regret inform receiving 2． to receive negative feedback use constructive criticism to grow personally 3．Nevertheless I will always look on the positive side rather than resist it. 4．guaranteed her success in the competition 5．Whatever difficulty/challenge/No matter what difficulties/challenges to persist /persevere rather than give up/to keep on instead of giving up 6．a sense of dread washed over him 二、用适当的词填空 1．We traveled a long distance to visit the museum, only (inform) that it was temporarily closed for maintenance. 2．In the (elect) campaign, he presented many practical plans. 3．She was elected (be) the chairperson of the committee. 4．The patient is in a (critic) condition and needs immediate treatment. 5．We should learn to persevere facing challenges. 6．His   (appreciate) of art is very profound. 7． No matter where I buy them, one steamer is (rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left wanting more next time. 8．Receiving an enthusiastic letter from readers about her new book indeed made her (delight). 9．From then on, if I wanted to read a book with an ending (guarantee) to be happy, I’d pick up a love romance. 10．I would appreciate (hear) from you soon. 【答案】1．to be informed 2．election 3．to be 4．critical 5．In 6．appreciation 7．rarely 8．delighted 9．guaranteed 10．hearing 三、翻译句子 1．我们很遗憾地通知您，无法给未提前注册者提供门票，请上网看开幕式的直播。（available）___________________________________________________________________________________________ 2．大学学历能保证你获得一份体面工作的日子早就一去不复返了。(Gone) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.我写信是想通知你学生会即将组织的英语演讲比赛。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 4．相比之下，John更适合担任这个职位因为他很可靠，也几乎不缺席工作｡(it作形式主语, appropriate) __________________________________________________________________________________________ 5．我很高兴地看到你所取得的进步将会对你的未来生活有很大影响。(make a difference) __________________________________________________________________________________________ 6．只有通过反复试错她才意识到，决心和耐力是解决问题的关键。 (Only) ___________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】1．We regret to inform you that tickets are not available for those who have not registered in advance; please watch the live broadcast of the opening ceremony online. 2．Gone are the days when a college degree could guarantee you a decent job. 3．I am writing to inform you of the English speech contest that the Student Union is going to organize. 4．In contrast, it is more appropriate for John to hold this position because he is reliable and rarely absent from work. 5．I’m delighted to see that the progress you have made will make a great difference to your future life. 6．Only through trial and error did she realize that determination and endurance were the key to solving the problem. 四、语法填空 One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about being late for school. There were many people 1 (wait) at the bus stop, and some of them looked very anxious and 2 (disappoint). When the bus finally came, we all hurried on board. I got a place next 3 the window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk. A boy 4 was riding a bike caught my attention. He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms. I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused 5 (stop) until we reached the next stop. Still, the boy kept riding. He was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting. 6 (final), when we came to the next stop, the boy ran up to the door of the bus. I heard an exciting conversation. Then the driver stood up and asked, “Did anyone lose a suitcase at 7 last stop?” A woman on the bus shouted, “Oh, dear! It’s 8 (I)．She pushed her way to the driver and 9 (take) the suitcase thankfully. Five others on the bus began talking about what the boy had done and the crowd of 10 (stranger) suddenly became friendly to one another. 【答案】1．waiting 2．disappointed 3．to 4．who/that 5．to stop 6．Finally 7．the 8．me/mine 9．took 10．strangers 五、阅读理解 A Now it’s the perfect time to teach kids about growing things. Try one or more of these plant experiments for fun and learning. *Color carnations (康乃馨) Fill a glass with water and color the water. Add a white carnation stalk (茎) and watch the plant become colorful as it “drinks” the colored water. This is a great, short experiment to show how plants take in water. *Plant root vegetables Find out how root vegetables form underground by planting them in a clear container. First, fill the bottom of the container with small stones. Next, add potting soil and plant rot vegetable seeds, trying carrots or onions, evenly. Keep the soil wet and enjoy watching the rot form. Best of all, when the vegetable is done growing, you can eat it! *Study speedy sunflowers Sunflower seeds sprout (发芽) and grow quickly, making this the perfect flower for impatient children. These seeds can be started just about anywhere, even in a paper coffee cup or yogurt container. Kids love seeing the plant push its way out of the soil, wearing the seed’s outer part like a hat! Move your plant to a flower pot after it sprouts to observe the lower as it forms. *Make a grass basket Grass is another seed that grows quickly. Make a living basket by lining a basket with plastic and filling it with potting soil Put grass seeds on top and water them lightly every day. Growing plants is a great way to bring some leaning—and a little sunshine—to your daily life. Try any of these inexpensive garden experiments for a fun project this spring. 1．Which garden experiment will you choose to see how plants “drink” water? A．Color carnations. B．Make a grass basket. C．Plant root vegetables. D．Study speedy sunflowers. 2．What is special about the experiment of “Plant root vegetables”? A．It has strict requirements for temperature. B．It offers you the tasty fruits of your labor. C．It is prefect for impatient kids. D．It is boring to carry on. 3．What do sunflowers and grass have in common? A．They both need little water. B．They both welcome sunshine. C．They both prefer clear containers. D．They both grow very quickly. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 【导语】本文为说明文，主要介绍了几个适合儿童进行的植物生长实验，旨在通过有趣且富有教育意义的活动，向孩子们传授关于植物生长的知识。 【详解】1．细节理解题。由文章Color carnations (康乃馨)部分中的“Add a white carnation stalk (茎) and watch the plant become colorful as it “drinks” the colored water. This is a great, short experiment to show how plants take in water. (添加一根白色的康乃馨茎，看着植物在“喝”彩色的水时变得五彩缤纷。这是一个伟大而简短的实验，展示了植物是如何吸收水分的。)”可知，Color carnations可以观察植物如何“喝水”。故选A。 2．细节理解题。由文章Plant root vegetables部分中的“Best of all, when the vegetable is done growing, you can eat it! (最重要的是，当蔬菜生长完成后，你就可以吃了！)”可知，该实验的特别之处在于它为你提供了劳动的美味成果。故选B。 3．推理判断题。由文章Study speedy sunflowers部分中的“Sunflower seeds sprout (发芽) and grow quickly, making this the perfect flower for impatient children. (葵花籽发芽，生长迅速，使其成为不耐烦的孩子完美的花。这些种子可以在任何地方开始，甚至在纸咖啡杯或酸奶容器中。)”和Make a grass basket部分中的“Grass is another seed that grows quickly. (草是另一种生长迅速的种子。)”可知，它们两者都生长得非常快。故选D。 B A major reason why plastic bags and yogurt containers aren’t recycled is that it’s much more frugal to make these products from the ground up (从头开始) than to recover them. A new recycling technique reported in the journal Science promises a cost-effective way to transform these common plastic waste items into high-quality liquid fuels. What makes plastics useful, namely their strength and resistance to high temperatures, becomes an annoyance when it comes to recycling the materials. The strong carbon-carbon bonds in these plastics require very high temperatures to break, making the process energy-consuming. Once the bonds break, the smaller molecules (分子) that are created quickly form new bonds, giving unwanted chemicals. These side products then have to be broken down again, adding time and complexity. Researchers developed a way to turn these plastics into useful fuels at temperatures below 100℃, without creating any side products. They conduct the chemical reaction in the presence of a new type of catalyst (催化剂) in a special acidic solution. In these reaction conditions, as soon as the carbon bonds in the plastic break apart, new bonds form in a controlled way, giving off the chemicals called alkanes. The alkanes can be used either as a fuel or as a raw material for new plastics. The entire reaction takes place in a single reaction container. It takes only three hours and occurs at 70℃. By comparison, existing recycling techniques typically require two stages, take much longer and need temperatures of over 200℃. The catalyst that the researchers use is already used by some factories. But it will take more research to know whether the technique can be translated to more occasions. If so, such a one-step, low-cost method to turn single-use plastics into chemicals, fuels and high-value materials could go a long way in making the plastic economy sustainable. 4．What does the underlined word “frugal” mean in Paragraph 1? A．Typical. B．Reliable. C．Expensive. D．Economical. 5．What can we know about plastics from Paragraph 2? A．They stretch easily and quickly. B．They fail to resist heat perfectly. C．They are chemically stable. D．They produce deadly gases. 6．What is the main feature of the new way of recycling plastics? A．Keeping new bonds from forming. B．Requiring high-temperature conditions. C．Stressing cleanliness and speed. D．Extending the functions of plastics. 7．What is the researchers’ attitude toward the technique’s wide application? A．Unconcerned. B．Cautious. C．Hopeless. D．Opposed. 【答案】4．D 5．C 6．C 7．B 【导语】本文主要介绍传统塑料回收成本高、流程复杂的弊端，讲解了一种新型低成本、低温、无副产物的塑料回收技术及其优势，并说明了该技术广泛应用仍需进一步研究。 【详解】4．词句猜测题。根据第一段中的“A major reason why plastic bags and yogurt containers aren’t recycled is that it’s much more frugal to make these products from the ground up (从头开始) than to recover them.(塑料袋和酸奶盒未被回收的一个主要原因是，从头开始制造这些产品比回收利用它们要frugal得多。)”以及后文提到的回收过程能耗高、复杂可知，此处指从头制造比回收更省钱，所以划线单词与“Economical(经济的，省钱的)”意义相近。 5．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“The strong carbon-carbon bonds in these plastics require very high temperatures to break, making the process energy-consuming.(塑料中牢固的碳碳键需要极高温度才能断裂，这使得回收过程十分耗能。)”可知，塑料结构稳定、不易分解，这表明其化学性质稳定。 6．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Researchers developed a way to turn these plastics into useful fuels at temperatures below 100℃, without creating any side products.(研究人员开发了一种在100℃以下将这些塑料转化为有用燃料的方法，且不产生任何副产物。)”以及“It takes only three hours and occurs at 70℃.(仅需三小时即可完成，且反应温度为 70℃。)”可知，新型塑料回收技术在70℃的低温下进行，仅需三小时即可完成，全程无副产物、一步到位，对比传统高温、多步骤、易产生杂质的技术，其主要特点是洁净高效、兼顾环保与速度。 7．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“But it will take more research to know whether the technique can be translated to more occasions.(但要了解这项技术能否推广到更多场合，还需要更多的研究。)”可知，研究人员对该技术的广泛应用持谨慎态度，认为尚需进一步验证。 C When she was 15, Ava Langridge watched a YouTube video that explained how environmental activist Lauren Singer fit four years of trash (垃圾) into a 16-ounce bottle. Inspired, the teen carried out a mission to help her family of five learn to live trash-free. “Within three months we reduced our trash from three bags a week to less than half a bag a week,” says the now 17-year-old Langridge, who has more than 45,000 followers on the Zero Waste Teen Instagram account. “Far too frequently, individuals view the concept of zero waste through an all-or-nothing perspective. I want them to know that even modest efforts can have far-reaching, transformative outcomes.” According to the Environmental Protection Agency, the average American produces 4.9 pounds of trash every day. Although some of that gets recycled, the majority — including millions of tons of uneaten food and single-use plastic — ends up in the garbage. Most of us do our part to involve eco-friendly habits into our everyday lives. But some families have become part of a zero-waste movement: sending nothing to landfills, reducing consumption, reusing as much as possible, recycling whatever remains, and composting (将……制成堆肥) the rest. That can sound daunting — but the term itself is a bit misleading. “Zero waste is a mindset shift,” says Kathryn Kellogg of the lifestyle website Going Zero Waste. “It’s about progress, not perfection. What’s most important is that you go into this with a commitment to wanting to do better.” And no one expects a family to achieve zero waste overnight. “It happens slowly and requires commitment and teamwork,” says Fredrika Syren, an environmental journalist and founder of Zero Waste Family. “But the good news is that it can happen, one small little step at a time.” In fact, once your family settles into new habits, you might find that reducing your trash is easier than you expected. 8．Why is Singer mentioned in paragraph 1? A．To stress the strength of a model. B．To praise the effectiveness of leading a trash-free life. C．To suggest how to become an environmental activist. D．To explain why Langridge’s family started to live trash-free. 9．What message does Langridge want to deliver? A．Small actions make a big difference. B．Actions speak louder than words. C．Where there’s life, there’s hope. D．Many hands make light work. 10．What is Kathryn Kellogg’s attitude toward the term “zero waste”? A．She thinks it is perfectly accurate and easy to understand. B．She considers it useless for promoting eco-friendly habits. C．She feels it properly represents the idea of pursuing perfection in waste reduction. D．She believes it is deceptive because it ignores the importance of progress. 11．What might be talked about in the following paragraphs? A．Why should we go zero waste? B．What does zero waste mean? C．How to go zero waste. D．When to start zero waste. 【答案】8．D 9．A 10．D 11．C 【导语】文章主要介绍了零废弃生活方式的理念、实践方法及家庭参与的可行性。 【详解】8．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Inspired, the teen carried out a mission to help her family of five learn to live trash-free.(受到启发后，这名少女着手开展一项行动，帮助一家五口学会过“零废弃”的生活)”可知，Langridge受Singer视频的启发，开始带领家人践行零浪费生活，文章提及Singer是为解释主人公一家开启零浪费生活的原因。 9．细节理解题。根据第二段中Langridge所说“I want them to know that even modest efforts can have far-reaching, transformative outcomes.(我想让他们明白，即便是微不足道的努力，也能产生深远且具有变革性的影响)”可知，她想传达的核心信息是即使微小的努力也能产生深远且具有变革性的结果，即“小行动带来大改变”。 10．推理判断题。根据第五段中““Zero waste is a mindset shift,” says Kathryn Kellogg of the lifestyle website Going Zero Waste. “It’s about progress, not perfection. What’s most important is that you go into this with a commitment to wanting to do better.”(生活方式网站《践行零浪费》的凯瑟琳・凯洛格表示：“零浪费是一种思维转变，它重在进步，而非极致完美。最重要的是，你要秉持力求做得更好的初心去践行它。”)”以及第四段末句“That can sound daunting — but the term itself is a bit misleading.(这话听起来或许令人望而生畏——但这个术语本身多少有点误导性)”可知，她认为“零废弃”这个词本身具有误导性，因为它让人误以为必须做到完美，而实际上它强调的是逐步进步的过程。 11．推理判断题。根据最后一段“In fact, once your family settles into new habits, you might find that reducing your trash is easier than you expected.(事实上，一旦你的家人养成了新的习惯，你可能会发现减少垃圾比你想象的要容易)”以及前文提到的“它需要承诺和团队合作”，“一步一步来”可知，文章接下来最有可能具体介绍如何一步步养成减少垃圾的新习惯，即“如何实现零废弃”。 D Table tennis is a sport that requires fast reaction times as the ball velocity (速度) can exceed 20 m/s in high-level games, and the time between shots is often less than 0.5s. The spin (高速旋转), that is, the angular velocity of the ball, can reach 1,000 rad/s, which greatly affects the ball’s trajectory (轨迹) and its response when bouncing on the table and racket. Spin is used to make shots harder to return or to gain a tactical advantage. Responding effectively requires expert players to master a range of skills for tracking, reacting to, and generating high-speed, high-spin shots. Since 1983, various table tennis robots have tackled this challenge in simplified settings, using ball launchers, reduced court coverage and excluding either robot or human serves. Crucially, the role of spin has often been ignored, although it is an important component of competitive human play. Ace, a table tennis robot developed by Sony, a Japanese company, is specifically designed to break through these limitations. Equipped with an advanced perception system using event-based vision sensors and a control system powered by deep reinforcement learning, Ace becomes the first real-world table tennis AI agent competitive with human athletes. In April 2025, Ace competed against five elite players (defined as competitive athletes with more than 10 years of intensive training) and two professional players (defined as athletes competing in officially recognized professional leagues, specifically the Japanese T. League), following International Table Tennis Federation (ITTF) rules. Against the elite players, Ace secured three victories out of five matches. winning a total of seven games out of thirteen played. Against the professional players, Ace lost both matches, though it managed to win one game out of the seven played. Observing a shot played by Ace, Kinjiro Nakamura, a table tennis expert and participant in the 1992 Olympics, commented: “… no one else would have been able to do that. I didn’t think it was possible. But the fact that it was possible… means that there is a possibility that a human could do it too.” 12．What do we know about spin? A．It speeds up the ball. B．It makes the ball lighter. C．It shortens reaction time. D．It changes the ball’s path and bounce. 13．What key problems has Ace solved? A．Having high cost and lacking opponents. B．Using unrealistic conditions and ignoring spin. C．Moving slowly and lacking real-time adjustment. D．Having limited coverage and responding poorly to high-speed shots. 14．What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A．Ace’s competition results. B．Types of Ace’s opponents. C．Rules followed in the matches. D．Ace’s technical weaknesses. 15．Why is Nakamura’s comment mentioned? A．To say humans never did that. B．To prove Ace beats all professions. C．To highlight Ace’s amazing performance. D．To show that robots could replace humans. 【答案】12．D 13．B 14．A 15．C 【导语】文章主要介绍了索尼公司研发的乒乓球机器人Ace，它突破了以往机器人忽略旋转等简化条件的限制，在与人类精英和职业选手的实战中取得了一定成绩，展示了人工智能在竞技体育中的应用潜力。 【详解】12．细节理解题。根据第一段“The spin (高速旋转), that is, the angular velocity of the ball, can reach 1,000 rad/s, which greatly affects the ball’s trajectory (轨迹) and its response when bouncing on the table and racket.(球的旋转，即角速度，可达1000弧度/秒，这极大地影响了球的轨迹及其在球台和球拍上反弹时的反应。)”可知，旋转会改变球的运动轨迹和反弹方式。 13．细节理解题。根据第二段“Since 1983, various table tennis robots have tackled this challenge in simplified settings, using ball launchers, reduced court coverage and excluding either robot or human serves. Crucially, the role of spin has often been ignored, although it is an important component of competitive human play.(自1983年以来，各种乒乓球机器人都在简化的环境中应对这一挑战，使用发球机、缩小场地覆盖范围，并且排除机器人或人类发球。关键的是，尽管旋转是人类竞技比赛中的重要组成部分，但它的作用往往被忽视。)”以及第三段“Ace, a table tennis robot developed by Sony, a Japanese company, is specifically designed to break through these limitations.(日本索尼公司开发的乒乓球机器人Ace，正是为突破这些局限而专门设计的。)”可知，Ace解决了以往机器人使用不切实际的条件、忽略旋转的关键问题。 14．主旨大意题。根据第四段“In April 2025, Ace competed against five elite players (defined as competitive athletes with more than 10 years of intensive training) and two professional players (defined as athletes competing in officially recognized professional leagues, specifically the Japanese T. League), following International Table Tennis Federation (ITTF) rules. Against the elite players, Ace secured three victories out of five matches, winning a total of seven games out of thirteen played. Against the professional players, Ace lost both matches, though it managed to win one game out of the seven played.(2025年4月，Ace按照国际乒乓球联合会（ITTF）的规则，与五名精英选手（定义为接受过10年以上强化训练的竞技运动员）和两名职业选手（定义为参加官方认可的职业联赛，特别是日本T联赛的运动员）进行了比赛。在对阵精英选手时，Ace在五场比赛中取得了三场胜利，在总共进行的十三局比赛中赢下了七局。在对阵职业选手时，Ace两场比赛均告负，不过在总共进行的七局比赛中赢下了一局。)”可知，本段主要介绍了Ace的比赛过程与结果。 15．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Observing a shot played by Ace, Kinjiro Nakamura, a table tennis expert and participant in the 1992 Olympics, commented: ‘… no one else would have been able to do that. I didn’t think it was possible. But the fact that it was possible… means that there is a possibility that a human could do it too.’(乒乓球专家、1992年奥运会参赛选手中村金次郎在观看Ace打出的一球后评论道：‘……换做其他人根本打不出这样的球。我原以为这是不可能的。但现在它做到了……这意味着人类也有可能做到。’)”可知，该评论表达了对Ace技术表现的高度认可，目的是突出Ace的惊人表现。 $Unit 2 Period 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas 分层练习 基础达标 01 能力提升 02 拓展培优 03 一、根据汉语提示完成句子。 1 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1 regret inform receiving 2． to receive negative feedback use constructive criticism to grow personally 3．Nevertheless I will always look on the positive side rather than resist it. 4．guaranteed her success in the competition 5．Whatever difficulty/challenge/No matter what difficulties/challenges to persist /persevere rather than give up/to keep on instead of giving up 6．a sense of dread washed over him 二、用适当的词填空 1．to be informed 2．election 3．to be 4．critical 5．In 6．appreciation 7．rarely 8．delighted 9．guaranteed 10．hearing 三、翻译句子 1．We regret to inform you that tickets are not available for those who have not registered in advance; please watch the live broadcast of the opening ceremony online. 2．Gone are the days when a college degree could guarantee you a decent job. 3．I am writing to inform you of the English speech contest that the Student Union is going to organize. 4．In contrast, it is more appropriate for John to hold this position because he is reliable and rarely absent from work. 5．I’m delighted to see that the progress you have made will make a great difference to your future life. 6．Only through trial and error did she realize that determination and endurance were the key to solving the problem. 四、语法填空 1．waiting 2．disappointed 3．to 4．who/that 5．to stop 6．Finally 7．the 8．me/mine 9．took 10．strangers 五、阅读理解 A 1．A 2．B 3．D B 4．D 5．C 6．C 7．B C 8．D 9．A 10．D 11．C D 12．D 13．B 14．A 15．C $Unit 2 Period 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas 分层练习 基础达标 01 能力提升 02 拓展培优 03 一、根据汉语提示完成句子。 1 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1．“We ________ to ________ you...” These are the words that every writer dreads ________, but words every writer knows well. “我们抱歉地通知您……”这句话，对每个作家来说，既可怕又熟悉。 2．尽管收到负面反馈可能会令人不适，但学会以积极态度回应和利用建设性批评促进个人成长至关重要。 Though it can be painful ________, learning how to respond positively and ________ is crucial. 3．__________, ____________________ of change and accept it ____________________. 然而，我将始终着眼于变革的积极一面，接受变革，而不是抗拒变革。 4．她乐观的态度保证了她在比赛中的成功。 Her positive attitude ________________. 5．在海洋探索中，无论科学家们遇到什么挑战，他们都选择坚持而不放弃。 ________ scientists meet while exploring the sea, they choose ________. 6．当他看到卧室门口站着一个黑影时，一阵恐惧袭上心头。 二、用适当的词填空 1．We traveled a long distance to visit the museum, only (inform) that it was temporarily closed for maintenance. 2．In the (elect) campaign, he presented many practical plans. 3．She was elected (be) the chairperson of the committee. 4．The patient is in a (critic) condition and needs immediate treatment. 5．We should learn to persevere facing challenges. 6．His   (appreciate) of art is very profound. 7． No matter where I buy them, one steamer is (rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left wanting more next time. 8．Receiving an enthusiastic letter from readers about her new book indeed made her (delight). 9．From then on, if I wanted to read a book with an ending (guarantee) to be happy, I’d pick up a love romance. 10．I would appreciate (hear) from you soon. 三、翻译句子 1．我们很遗憾地通知您，无法给未提前注册者提供门票，请上网看开幕式的直播。（available）___________________________________________________________________________________________ 2．大学学历能保证你获得一份体面工作的日子早就一去不复返了。(Gone) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.我写信是想通知你学生会即将组织的英语演讲比赛。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 4．相比之下，John更适合担任这个职位因为他很可靠，也几乎不缺席工作｡(it作形式主语, appropriate) __________________________________________________________________________________________ 5．我很高兴地看到你所取得的进步将会对你的未来生活有很大影响。(make a difference) __________________________________________________________________________________________ 6．只有通过反复试错她才意识到，决心和耐力是解决问题的关键。 (Only) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 四、语法填空 One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about being late for school. There were many people 1 (wait) at the bus stop, and some of them looked very anxious and 2 (disappoint). When the bus finally came, we all hurried on board. I got a place next 3 the window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk. A boy 4 was riding a bike caught my attention. He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms. I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused 5 (stop) until we reached the next stop. Still, the boy kept riding. He was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting. 6 (final), when we came to the next stop, the boy ran up to the door of the bus. I heard an exciting conversation. Then the driver stood up and asked, “Did anyone lose a suitcase at 7 last stop?” A woman on the bus shouted, “Oh, dear! It’s 8 (I)．She pushed her way to the driver and 9 (take) the suitcase thankfully. Five others on the bus began talking about what the boy had done and the crowd of 10 (stranger) suddenly became friendly to one another. 五、阅读理解 A Now it’s the perfect time to teach kids about growing things. Try one or more of these plant experiments for fun and learning. *Color carnations (康乃馨) Fill a glass with water and color the water. Add a white carnation stalk (茎) and watch the plant become colorful as it “drinks” the colored water. This is a great, short experiment to show how plants take in water. *Plant root vegetables Find out how root vegetables form underground by planting them in a clear container. First, fill the bottom of the container with small stones. Next, add potting soil and plant rot vegetable seeds, trying carrots or onions, evenly. Keep the soil wet and enjoy watching the rot form. Best of all, when the vegetable is done growing, you can eat it! *Study speedy sunflowers Sunflower seeds sprout (发芽) and grow quickly, making this the perfect flower for impatient children. These seeds can be started just about anywhere, even in a paper coffee cup or yogurt container. Kids love seeing the plant push its way out of the soil, wearing the seed’s outer part like a hat! Move your plant to a flower pot after it sprouts to observe the lower as it forms. *Make a grass basket Grass is another seed that grows quickly. Make a living basket by lining a basket with plastic and filling it with potting soil Put grass seeds on top and water them lightly every day. Growing plants is a great way to bring some leaning—and a little sunshine—to your daily life. Try any of these inexpensive garden experiments for a fun project this spring. 1．Which garden experiment will you choose to see how plants “drink” water? A．Color carnations. B．Make a grass basket. C．Plant root vegetables. D．Study speedy sunflowers. 2．What is special about the experiment of “Plant root vegetables”? A．It has strict requirements for temperature. B．It offers you the tasty fruits of your labor. C．It is prefect for impatient kids. D．It is boring to carry on. 3．What do sunflowers and grass have in common? A．They both need little water. B．They both welcome sunshine. C．They both prefer clear containers. D．They both grow very quickly. B A major reason why plastic bags and yogurt containers aren’t recycled is that it’s much more frugal to make these products from the ground up (从头开始) than to recover them. A new recycling technique reported in the journal Science promises a cost-effective way to transform these common plastic waste items into high-quality liquid fuels. What makes plastics useful, namely their strength and resistance to high temperatures, becomes an annoyance when it comes to recycling the materials. The strong carbon-carbon bonds in these plastics require very high temperatures to break, making the process energy-consuming. Once the bonds break, the smaller molecules (分子) that are created quickly form new bonds, giving unwanted chemicals. These side products then have to be broken down again, adding time and complexity. Researchers developed a way to turn these plastics into useful fuels at temperatures below 100℃, without creating any side products. They conduct the chemical reaction in the presence of a new type of catalyst (催化剂) in a special acidic solution. In these reaction conditions, as soon as the carbon bonds in the plastic break apart, new bonds form in a controlled way, giving off the chemicals called alkanes. The alkanes can be used either as a fuel or as a raw material for new plastics. The entire reaction takes place in a single reaction container. It takes only three hours and occurs at 70℃. By comparison, existing recycling techniques typically require two stages, take much longer and need temperatures of over 200℃. The catalyst that the researchers use is already used by some factories. But it will take more research to know whether the technique can be translated to more occasions. If so, such a one-step, low-cost method to turn single-use plastics into chemicals, fuels and high-value materials could go a long way in making the plastic economy sustainable. 4．What does the underlined word “frugal” mean in Paragraph 1? A．Typical. B．Reliable. C．Expensive. D．Economical. 5．What can we know about plastics from Paragraph 2? A．They stretch easily and quickly. B．They fail to resist heat perfectly. C．They are chemically stable. D．They produce deadly gases. 6．What is the main feature of the new way of recycling plastics? A．Keeping new bonds from forming. B．Requiring high-temperature conditions. C．Stressing cleanliness and speed. D．Extending the functions of plastics. 7．What is the researchers’ attitude toward the technique’s wide application? A．Unconcerned. B．Cautious. C．Hopeless. D．Opposed. C When she was 15, Ava Langridge watched a YouTube video that explained how environmental activist Lauren Singer fit four years of trash (垃圾) into a 16-ounce bottle. Inspired, the teen carried out a mission to help her family of five learn to live trash-free. “Within three months we reduced our trash from three bags a week to less than half a bag a week,” says the now 17-year-old Langridge, who has more than 45,000 followers on the Zero Waste Teen Instagram account. “Far too frequently, individuals view the concept of zero waste through an all-or-nothing perspective. I want them to know that even modest efforts can have far-reaching, transformative outcomes.” According to the Environmental Protection Agency, the average American produces 4.9 pounds of trash every day. Although some of that gets recycled, the majority — including millions of tons of uneaten food and single-use plastic — ends up in the garbage. Most of us do our part to involve eco-friendly habits into our everyday lives. But some families have become part of a zero-waste movement: sending nothing to landfills, reducing consumption, reusing as much as possible, recycling whatever remains, and composting (将……制成堆肥) the rest. That can sound daunting — but the term itself is a bit misleading. “Zero waste is a mindset shift,” says Kathryn Kellogg of the lifestyle website Going Zero Waste. “It’s about progress, not perfection. What’s most important is that you go into this with a commitment to wanting to do better.” And no one expects a family to achieve zero waste overnight. “It happens slowly and requires commitment and teamwork,” says Fredrika Syren, an environmental journalist and founder of Zero Waste Family. “But the good news is that it can happen, one small little step at a time.” In fact, once your family settles into new habits, you might find that reducing your trash is easier than you expected. 8．Why is Singer mentioned in paragraph 1? A．To stress the strength of a model. B．To praise the effectiveness of leading a trash-free life. C．To suggest how to become an environmental activist. D．To explain why Langridge’s family started to live trash-free. 9．What message does Langridge want to deliver? A．Small actions make a big difference. B．Actions speak louder than words. C．Where there’s life, there’s hope. D．Many hands make light work. 10．What is Kathryn Kellogg’s attitude toward the term “zero waste”? A．She thinks it is perfectly accurate and easy to understand. B．She considers it useless for promoting eco-friendly habits. C．She feels it properly represents the idea of pursuing perfection in waste reduction. D．She believes it is deceptive because it ignores the importance of progress. 11．What might be talked about in the following paragraphs? A．Why should we go zero waste? B．What does zero waste mean? C．How to go zero waste. D．When to start zero waste. D Table tennis is a sport that requires fast reaction times as the ball velocity (速度) can exceed 20 m/s in high-level games, and the time between shots is often less than 0.5s. The spin (高速旋转), that is, the angular velocity of the ball, can reach 1,000 rad/s, which greatly affects the ball’s trajectory (轨迹) and its response when bouncing on the table and racket. Spin is used to make shots harder to return or to gain a tactical advantage. Responding effectively requires expert players to master a range of skills for tracking, reacting to, and generating high-speed, high-spin shots. Since 1983, various table tennis robots have tackled this challenge in simplified settings, using ball launchers, reduced court coverage and excluding either robot or human serves. Crucially, the role of spin has often been ignored, although it is an important component of competitive human play. Ace, a table tennis robot developed by Sony, a Japanese company, is specifically designed to break through these limitations. Equipped with an advanced perception system using event-based vision sensors and a control system powered by deep reinforcement learning, Ace becomes the first real-world table tennis AI agent competitive with human athletes. In April 2025, Ace competed against five elite players (defined as competitive athletes with more than 10 years of intensive training) and two professional players (defined as athletes competing in officially recognized professional leagues, specifically the Japanese T. League), following International Table Tennis Federation (ITTF) rules. Against the elite players, Ace secured three victories out of five matches. winning a total of seven games out of thirteen played. Against the professional players, Ace lost both matches, though it managed to win one game out of the seven played. Observing a shot played by Ace, Kinjiro Nakamura, a table tennis expert and participant in the 1992 Olympics, commented: “… no one else would have been able to do that. I didn’t think it was possible. But the fact that it was possible… means that there is a possibility that a human could do it too.” 12．What do we know about spin? A．It speeds up the ball. B．It makes the ball lighter. C．It shortens reaction time. D．It changes the ball’s path and bounce. 13．What key problems has Ace solved? A．Having high cost and lacking opponents. B．Using unrealistic conditions and ignoring spin. C．Moving slowly and lacking real-time adjustment. D．Having limited coverage and responding poorly to high-speed shots. 14．What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A．Ace’s competition results. B．Types of Ace’s opponents. C．Rules followed in the matches. D．Ace’s technical weaknesses. 15．Why is Nakamura’s comment mentioned? A．To say humans never did that. B．To prove Ace beats all professions. C．To highlight Ace’s amazing performance. D．To show that robots could replace humans. $