Unit 1 People of Achievement Using Language & Assessing Your Progress 分层课后练习-2026-2027学年高中英语人教版选择性必修第一册

**基本信息** 本同步练习通过A级基础层与B级提升层的分层设计，构建从词汇语法到语篇应用的知识巩固路径，兼顾语言能力夯实与思维品质培养，适配新授课教学需求。 **分层设计** |层次|知识覆盖|设计特色| |----|----------|----------| |A级|核心词汇（拼写）、基础语法（单句填空）、简单句型（单句写作）|单句写作结合独立主格等语法点，强化语言能力基础| |B级|语篇理解（阅读/完形）、综合写作（应用文/读后续写）|读后续写通过真实情境叙事，提升思维品质与文化意识|

Using Language & Assessing Your Progress A级 必备知识基础练 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1.Albert Einstein developed the special and general 　　　　　　　(理论) of relativity and won the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics.  2.Given your interest,I believe the event will be a great chance for you to 　　　　　　　(邂逅) Chinese tea culture.  3.The Huaping All-Girls High School,f　　　　　 by Zhang Guimei,has turned out many excellent female students.  4.Although they were called g　　　　　,in fact,it was their hard work that led to their success.  5.Studying historical events helps us draw the 　　　　　　(conclude) that we should learn from the past.  Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1.The building,which was designed by Mr Lee,can stand up 　　　　　　strong winds and earthquakes.  2.When Confucius passed 　　　　　　in 479 BCE,he left behind perhaps 3,000 students,who preserved and spread their master’s ideas.  3.Since Mr White came 　　　　　　power last March,he has taken a series of effective measures to recover the economy.  4.After graduating from university,my daughter took 　　　　　a position in an IT company in Hangzhou.  5.Stephen Hawking will be respected and remembered by the public for his 　　　　　　　(remark) contributions to physics forever.  Ⅲ.单句写作 1.出席会议的是100多位来自世界各地的科学家,其中一些在各自的领域已做出了重大贡献。(独立主格结构) Present at the meeting were more than 100 scientists from all over the world,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 in their separate fields.  2.在和这位无私的医生一起工作时,我从他那里学到了很多东西。(状语从句的省略) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,I learned a great deal from him.  3.闹钟的响亮的声音把我惊醒,使我的心跳得很快,头发倒竖着,好像我正被一只可怕的野兽追赶着。(as if/though) The loud sound of the alarm clock made me awake,causing my heart to race and my hair to 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　I were being run after by a fierce beast.  4.众所周知,爱因斯坦在许多方面是一位天才。(genius) As is known to us all,Einstein 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.  5.他因对科学的热情,一生为世界做出了巨大的贡献。(passion) He made great contributions to the world throughout his life 　.  6.他创建了广义和狭义相对论,这两者彻底改变了我们对时间、空间和重力的理解。(非限制性定语从句) He founded the general theory of relativity and the special theory of relativity,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 our understanding of time,space and gravity.  7.在1922年,爱因斯坦因非凡的成就被授予了1921诺贝尔奖。(remarkable) In 1922,Einstein was awarded the 1921 Nobel Prize 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.  8.尽管爱因斯坦在生活和研究中遇到了无数的挑战和困难,但他从未放弃过。(encounter,numerous) Although Einstein 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　in his life and research,he never gave up.  B级 能力素养提升练 Ⅳ.阅读理解 A (2026广东惠州高二阶段练习) Nuclear expert Peng Shilu once said that he only did two things in his entire life:one was to build nuclear submarines(核潜艇),and the other to build nuclear power plants.Despite being one of the founding members of China’s nuclear power industry,Peng described himself as playing a tiny role in the task.In fact,he held leading positions in most of China’s early nuclear power projects,from the first-generation nuclear submarines to the establishment of Dayawan and Qinshan nuclear power stations. Peng was born in 1925 into a family of heroes.After the founding of the People’s Republic of China,Peng was selected to study chemical machinery(化工机械) in the USSR.In 1956,when he was about to graduate,he faced a turning point in his life.At that time,the central government decided to select a group of outstanding students studying abroad to transfer to the atomic(原子的) energy major.Peng willingly agreed,marking the beginning of his lifelong commitment to developing China’s nuclear power.  In 1958,China started to independently develop its own nuclear submarines,and Peng was appointed to take charge of the research and design of the nuclear propulsion system.In the 1980s,China decided to build a commercial nuclear power plant.Appointed as the director-in-chief,Peng once again devoted himself to its preparation and construction. During his career,Peng held a variety of high-ranking titles.In 1994,he was elected as an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering,one of the top academic bodies in China. Peng passed away in Beijing on March 22,2021 at the age of 96.The Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China Central Committee awarded the title “Role Model of the Times” to Peng for his contributions. 1.What does the author suggest in the first paragraph? A.Peng took interest in nothing but nuclear power. B.Peng was actually a very modest person. C.Peng played a tiny role in building nuclear power plants. D.Peng was the most vital figure in the nuclear field. 2.What does the underlined part in paragraph 2 mean? A.Focus on.　　　　　　 B.Know about. C.Turn to. D.Research into. 3.How does the author develop the passage? A.By following the time order. B.By showing the great importance. C.By providing some similar examples. D.By explaining the process of research. 4.Which of the following is the proper title for the passage? A.A National Celebration for a Nuclear Scientist B.Peng Shilu’s Work on Nuclear Submarines and Plants C.The Nation’s Mourning for a Nuclear Expert D.A Lifetime of Devotion to China’s Nuclear Power B (2026福建莆田高二阶段练习) The scientist’s job is to figure out how the world works,to “torture(拷问)” Nature to reveal(揭露) her secrets,as the 17th century philosopher Francis Bacon described it.But who are these people in the lab coats and how do they work?It turns out that there is a good deal of mystery surrounding the mystery-solvers. “One of the greatest mysteries is the question of what it is about human beings—brains,education,culture etc.that makes them capable of doing science at all,” said Colin Allen,a scientist at Indiana University. Two vital elements seem to be necessary to make a scientist:The curiosity to seek out mysteries and the creativity to solve them.“Scientists exhibit a heightened level of curiosity,” reads a 2007 report on scientific creativity.“They go further and deeper into basic questions showing a passion for knowledge for its own sake.” Max Planck,one of the fathers of quantum(量子) physics,once said,the scientist “must have a vivid and intuitive imagination,for new ideas are not produced by deduction(推论),but by an artistically creative imagination.” But others disagree with this universal scientific mind.They believe that scientists have special abilities that set them apart.Discovering these abilities may be hard,Allen thinks,as many scientists will be unwilling to reveal them and would prefer to preserve the mystery of creativity,fearing that if it became an object of study it would lose its magic. But for Allen,this is all part of a bigger question of what lies behind anyone’s behavior.“We are only just beginning to understand how the characteristics of creatures,including ourselves,aren’t the fixed products of either genes or of environment/culture,but each of us is the product of a continual interactive process in which we help build the environments that in turn shape us,” he said.“ As long as our best technology for seeing inside the brain requires subjects to lie nearly still while surrounded by a giant magnet(磁铁),we’re only going to make limited progress on these questions,” Allen said. 5.Why does the author mention Max Planck in paragraph 3? A.To introduce a famous scientist. B.To stress the role of creativity in science. C.To illustrate what is curiosity in science. D.To compare different views on science. 6.What do Allen’s words in the last two paragraphs suggest? A.Our interaction with the environment shapes us. B.Technology reveals much about human behavior. C.We are passively influenced by genes and culture. D.Human behavior is changeable and unpredictable. 7.What is Allen’s attitude to the current study on the human brain? A.Pessimistic. B.Indifferent. C.Approving. D.Uncertain. 8.Which is the most suitable title for the text? A.Who Are the Mystery-Solvers B.Scientists Are not Born but Made C.Great Mystery:What Makes a Scientist D.Solving Mysteries:Inside a Scientist’s Mind Ⅴ.完形填空 (2026江苏盐城高二下开学考试) Do you think you have what it takes to be a successful scientist?A successful scientist is generally a good observer.He makes full use of the facts he observes.He doesn’t accept ideas which are not 　1　 on obvious facts,and therefore 　2　 to accept authority as the only reason for truth.He always checks ideas 　3　 and makes experiments to prove them.  The rise of modern science may perhaps be considered to 　4　 as far back as the time of Roger Bacon,the wonderful philosopher of Oxford.He was probably the first person in the Middle Ages to 　5　 that we should learn science by observing and experimenting on the things around us,and he himself 　6　 many important truths.  However,Galileo,who lived more than 300 years later,was the greatest of several great men in Italy,France,Germany,and England,who began to show how many important 　7　 could be discovered by observation.Before Galileo,learned men believed that large bodies fell more 　8　 towards the earth than small ones,because Aristotle said so.But Galileo went to the top of the Leaning Tower of Pisa and dropped two 　9　 stones,proving Aristotle was wrong.It is Galileo’s 　10　 of going directly to nature,and proving our 　11　 and theories by experiment,that has 　12　 all the discoveries of modern science.  What 　13　 those people good scientists?From the example of Galileo,we can see 　14　 that successful scientists are those whose observations have 　15　 better results.  1.A.dependent B.based C.insisted D.centered 2.A.refuses B.desires C.intends D.regrets 3.A.casually B.carefully C.quickly D.privately 4.A.look B.keep C.date D.turn 5.A.command B.suspect C.predict D.conclude 6.A.brought B.recorded C.discovered D.announced 7.A.truths B.problems C.investigations D.subjects 8.A.slowly B.rapidly C.lightly D.heavily 9.A.big B.small C.similar D.unequal 10.A.spirit B.skill C.theory D.wish 11.A.plans B.opinions C.world D.ability 12.A.led to B.come with C.set up D.put forward 13.A.promises B.prevents C.considers D.makes 14.A.likely B.clearly C.naturally D.unwillingly 15.A.foreseen B.rejected C.produced D.challenged Ⅵ.应用文写作 (2026重庆高二期中) 你校正在组织英语演讲比赛。请以“你最敬佩的一位名人”为主题,写一篇短文参赛,内容包括: 1.人物简介; 2.敬佩的原因。 注意:1.写作词数应为80个左右; 2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。           Ⅶ.读后续写 阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。 (2026江苏盐城五校联考高二期中) Ali had always been a water enthusiast.From surfing the waves to snorkeling(浮潜) in the seas,her life centered on water sports.Two years ago,while vacationing in Turks and Caicos with her best friend,Ali’s passion took a terrifying turn. The two friends were snorkeling near a coral reef when the unthinkable happened.Without warning,a shark appeared and began to attack them.They fought back,but pretty quickly,the shark had Ali’s leg in its mouth,and the next thing she knew was that the shark had bitten off her foot and part of her leg.With her friend’s help,she swam about 75 yards back to their snorkeling boat. Once on the boat,her friend tied a tourniquet(止血带) on her leg to stop the bleeding.Emergency services arrived,and Ali was airlifted to a hospital for urgent surgeries,which saved her life.After the treatment,she was transferred to a hospital in New York to be closer to her family and friends.On her 23rd birthday,she underwent a trans-tibial amputation(胫骨截肢) of her left leg. The period that followed was filled with darkness and despair.Despite the challenges,she chose to focus on what she still had rather than what she had lost.With determination,she began the tough process of adapting to life with an artificial leg. Ali’s recovery was a long,rough road with many ups and downs.She overcame it with support from family and friends and a shift in her mindset,reminding herself that her challenges wouldn’t stop her from pursuing her passion.Her long-time coach helped her with tailored exercise routines,reigniting(使重燃) her love for water. She set her sights on a new goal:competing in the women’s 400-meter freestyle race in her country’s biggest sports competition.The journey to the competition became a way to regain her passion and show her strength. 注意:1.续写词数应为150个左右; 2.请按如下格式在相应位置作答。 Then,Ali threw herself into hard training.             On the day of the race,Ali took her position in front of all eyes.             知识积累卡 一、重点单词 1.imagine vt.　　　　　　　　→imagination n.　　　　　　　　　　→imaginative adj.　　　　　　　　　　　　→imaginable adj.　　　　　　　　　→imaginary adj.　　　　　　  2.fix vt.　　　　　　　　　　　　→fixed adj.　　　　　　　　　　　　  3.learn vi.& vt.　　　　　　　　→learned adj.　　　　　　　　　　　　  4.transfer vi.& vt.　　　　  二、熟词生义 1.plant　本文义:n.　　　　　　　　  其他义:n.　　　　　　vt.　　　　　　　　　　  2.body　本文义:n.　　　　　　　  其他义:n.　　　　　　　　　　　  3.exhibit　本文义:vt.　　　　　　　  其他义:vt.& vi.　　　　　　　　　　　  4.subject　本文义:n.　　　　　　  其他义:n.　　　　　　　  5.tailor　本文义:vt.　　　　　　　　　　  其他义:n.　　　　  三、词块速记 1.describe...as 　　　　　　　　　　　  2.a turning point 　　　　　　　　　　　  3.figure out 　　　　　　　　　　　  4.turn out 　　　　　　　　　　　  5.for its own sake 　　　　　　　　　　　  6.make full use of 　　　　　　　　　　  7.put forward 　　　　  8.bite off 　　　　  四、经典句式背诵 1.Despite being one of the founding members of China’s nuclear power industry,Peng described himself as playing a tiny role in the task. 句意:___________________________________  2.One of the greatest mysteries is the question of what it is about human beings—brains,education,culture etc.that makes them capable of doing science at all... 句意:___________________________________ 参考答案 Ⅰ.1.theories　2.encounter　3.founded　4.geniuses 5.conclusion Ⅱ.1.to　2.away　3.to　4.up　5.remarkable Ⅲ.1.some having made great contributions　2.While working with the selfless doctor　3.stand on end as if/though　4.was a genius in many fields　5.with his great passion for science 6.both of which completely changed　7.for his remarkable achievement　8.encountered numerous challenges and difficulties Ⅳ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了中国著名的核动力专家彭士禄院士的生平事迹和重要贡献。 1.B　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Despite being one of the founding members of China’s nuclear power industry,Peng described himself as playing a tiny role in the task.”可知,彭士禄院士是一个非常谦逊的人。故选B项。 2.C　词句猜测题。根据画线部分的上文“Peng was selected to study chemical machinery in the USSR.In 1956,when he was about to graduate,he faced a turning point in his life”可知,彭面临的转折点是放弃自己原来的专业,改学原子能专业,turn to表示“转向”,与画线部分意义一致。故选C项。 3.A　推理判断题。通读全文可知,第一段引出文章的主题,再结合第二段中的“in 1925” “In 1956”、第三段中的“In 1958...In the 1980s”、第四段中“In 1994”以及最后一段中的“on March 22,2021”可知,文章按照时间顺序讲述彭士禄院士的生平。故选A项。 4.D　主旨大意题。通读全文可知,文章讲述了中国著名的核动力专家彭士禄的事迹,尤其体现了彭士禄为祖国发展所做的贡献。由此可知,D项“A Lifetime of Devotion to China’s Nuclear Power”最契合彭士禄的人物事迹和贡献,适合作文章标题。故选D项。 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。世界上有众多谜团,但最大的谜团之一就是哪些因素造就了科学家,科学家们具备什么样的特点。文章主要探讨了到底是哪些因素造就了科学家。 5.B　推理判断题。根据第三段的内容可知,作者提及马克斯·普朗克是为了强调创造力在科学研究中的作用。故选B项。 6.A　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“‘We are only just beginning to understand...help build the environments that in turn shape us,’ he said.”可知,艾伦的话表明人类与环境的互动会塑造自身。故选A项。 7.A　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“‘As long as our best technology...make limited progress on these questions,’ Allen said.”可知,艾伦认为当前研究大脑的技术存在局限,进展会受限,由此可见其态度较为悲观。故选A项。 8.C　主旨大意题。通读全文可知,文章第一段提出“科学家这一解谜者身上存在诸多谜团”,第二段指出“人类具备从事科学研究能力的原因是重大谜团之一”,第三段分析“成为科学家的两个关键要素”,第四、五段围绕“科学家能力的来源及相关研究的局限”展开。核心围绕“是什么造就了科学家”这一谜团展开。故选C项。 Ⅴ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。作者通过实例阐述自己的一个观点:科学家应该是一个很好的观察者,不能盲目相信他人,应该通过观察和实验来获得正确的观点和理论。 1.B　根据上文的“He makes full use of the facts he observes.”可知,他利用观察到的事实,所以不接受没有事实根据的想法,“be based on”为固定短语,意为“以……为基础”。故选B项。 2.A　根据本句“He doesn’t accept ideas which are not 　　　on obvious facts”可知,前后为因果关系,不接受没有事实根据的想法,因此拒绝接受权威是唯一的真相。故选A项。  3.B　根据空前的“He always checks ideas”和下文的“and makes experiments to prove them”可知,此处介绍好的科学家的品质,故应为仔细检查想法。故选B项。 4.C　根据下文的“He was probably the first person in the Middle Ages to 　　　that we should learn science by observing and experimenting on the things around us”可知,罗杰·培根是中世纪第一个提出我们应该通过观察和实验我们周围的事物来学习科学的人,因此现代科学的兴起可能要追溯到他的时期。“date back to”为固定短语,意为“追溯到”。故选C项。  5.D　根据空后的宾语从句“that we should learn science by observing and experimenting on the things around us”可知,我们应该通过观察和实验我们周围的事物来学习科学。故选D项。 6.C　根据空后宾语“many important truths”可知,他本人发现了很多重要的真理。故选C项。 7.A　根据空后“could be discovered by observation”以及上文“many important truths”可知,很多真理可以通过观察而被发现。故选A项。 8.B　根据下文的“proving Aristotle was wrong”以及常识可知,本句介绍亚里士多德曾说的一个错误观点:大的物体比小的物体下落得更快。故选B项。 9.D　根据空后的“proving Aristotle was wrong”以及常识可知,此处表示使用了两块不同重量的石头。故选D项。 10.A　根据上文的“But Galileo went to the top of the Leaning Tower of Pisa and dropped two 　　　stones,proving Aristotle was wrong.”可知,这是科学精神的具体表现。故选A项。  11.B　根据空后“and theories by experiment”可知,此处表示通过实验证明我们的观点和理论。故选B项。 12.A　根据“proving our 　　　and theories by experiment”可知,正是伽利略用实验来证明我们的观点和理论的精神使得现代科学能有所发现。故选A项。  13.D　根据上文“Do you think you have what it takes to be a successful scientist?”可知,此处是问是什么让这些人成为优秀的科学家。故选D项。 14.B　根据上文的“It is Galileo’s 　　　of going directly to nature,and proving our 　　　and theories by experiment”可知,成功的科学家是那些善于观察、敢于实践和挑战权威的人,这一点从伽利略的事例中可以很清楚地知道。故选B项。  15.C　根据空后宾语“better results”可知,此处指那些科学家们的观察产生了更好的结果。故选C项。 Ⅵ.The Person I Admire Most The person I admire most is Tu Youyou,a renowned Chinese scientist.Born in 1930,she has devoted her life to medical research,especially in traditional Chinese medicine. What impresses me most is her perseverance and dedication.For years,she led a team to study anti-malarial drugs,overcoming countless difficulties like limited resources.Through tireless efforts,she discovered artemisinin,which has saved millions of lives worldwide.Her humility and commitment to helping others also inspire me deeply.She teaches me that with persistence,one can make great contributions to humanity. Ⅶ.Then,Ali threw herself into hard training.She spent months training.Every day,Ali worked tirelessly with her coach and never let the difficulties slow her down.She was determined to make her dream come true and to show everyone how strong she had become after her accident.As the big day drew near,her swimming skills improved greatly,and she felt more and more confident in the water with her artificial leg.Her journey from recovering to competing was an inspiring example of resilience and hope.  On the day of the race,Ali took her position in front of all eyes.When the whistle was blown,she dived into the pool with energy and focus.Each stroke felt powerful and smooth,as a result of her hard training.The cheers from the crowd and the support of her coach and friends pushed her forward.As she swam towards the finish line,she gave everything she had.Touching the wall at the end of the race,Ali felt a deep sense of achievement,knowing she had overcome so many obstacles to reach this moment.All her hard work and perseverance paid off.  知识积累卡 一、1.设想;想象　想象;想象力　富于想象力的　可想象的　虚构的　2.使固定;安装;修理　固定的;不变的　3.学习;学会　有才华的;博学的　4.转移 二、1.工厂　植物　种植;稳固地放置　2.团体;机构　身体;主体;物体　3.表现;显出　展示;陈列;展览　4.对象;主题 科目;学科　5.专门制作;定做　裁缝 三、1.把……描述为　2.转折点　3.弄懂;弄明白　4.结果是;原来是　5.纯粹为此而已;为这个本身　6.充分利用 7.提出　8.咬下 四、1.虽然是中国核电行业的创始成员之一,彭却坦言自己在这项事业中仅扮演了微不足道的角色。 2.关于人类最深奥的谜题之一,莫过于探究究竟是什么特质——大脑、教育、文化等——使人类能够从事科学活动…… 17 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $