Unit 1 People of Achievement Reading and Thinking-分层课后练习-2026-2027学年高中英语人教版选择性必修第一册

**基本信息** 本同步练习通过A级基础练与B级提升练的分层设计，构建从词汇、语法到语篇应用的知识巩固路径，兼顾语言能力夯实与思维品质培养，适配高中英语新授课教学需求。 **分层设计** |层次|知识覆盖|设计特色| |----|----------|----------| |A级|基础词汇（拼写）、语法（单句填空）、基础写作（句型仿写）|通过单词拼写、单句语法填空夯实语言基础，阅读微写作（Activity 1-2）实现基础知识点向语篇输出过渡| |B级|语篇阅读（人物传记）、逻辑补全（七选五）|选取杨振宁、屠呦呦等科学家传记作为阅读素材，融合文化意识培养，七选五题型强化语篇逻辑思维能力|

Reading and Thinking A级 必备知识基础练 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1.Understanding the designs and their symbolic meanings is 　　　　　　　　(至关重要的) for appreciating the Peking Opera performances.  2.American English is 　　　　　　(有区别的) from British English in many ways,such as vocabulary,grammar and spelling.  3.We should appreciate what we have o　　　　　　 from life and seize every opportunity to help others.  4.The Ming and Qing dynasties were universally a　　　　　　　 to be the two golden periods in the history of seal cutting.  5.Despite facing numerous challenges,she refused to be d　　　　　　 and worked hard until she achieved her goals.  Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1.Although the doctor told him to rest more,he insisted 　　　　　　working on his novel.  2.Before artemisinin was found by Tu Youyou and her team,many people in the world died 　　　　　　malaria every year.  3.Last weekend,my parents and I visited the (botany) garden,where we saw some rare plants. 4.Exposing children to various fields of study teaches them to deal with issues and 　　　　　　(analysis) information more effectively.  5.The cooperation between the two crew groups 　　　　　　　(apparent) signals a giant step in China’s ongoing space exploration.  Ⅲ.单句写作 1.对我来说被邀请在这次重要的会议上展示我的研究成果是一个莫大的荣耀。(it is an honour for sb/sth to do sth) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 to present my research findings at the international meeting.  2.他被认为在研发针对这种致命疾病的药物中发挥着至关重要的作用。(sb/sth be thought to do sth) He 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　developing the medicine against the deadly disease.  3.一看到这位伟大的科学家,所有听报告的学生都禁不住热烈鼓掌。(upon doing sth) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,all the students present at the talk couldn’t help applauding warmly.  Ⅳ.阅读微写作 请再读“Tu Youyou Awarded Nobel Prize”,注意文中的单词、短语和句型,并完成下列练习。 Activity 1　单句写作 1.人们普遍认为居里夫人是世界上最伟大的科学家之一。(acknowledge) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Marie Curie was one of the greatest scientists in the world.  2.她一生致力于科学研究。(commit oneself to;scientific) Throughout her life,she 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.  3.她是世界上第一个在物理和化学方面获得诺贝尔奖的女性科学家。(obtain) She was the first female scientist in the world 　　　　　　　　　　　　the Nobel Prize in Physics and Chemistry.  4.当居里夫人遇到困难时,她总是坚持努力工作一个一个地克服它们。(insist on) When Marie Curie met with difficulties,she 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　to get them over one by one.  5.在她的事例的鼓励下,我已经学会了只要我有一颗强大的心,就没有什么能打败我。(defeat) Inspired by her examples,I have learned that 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　if I have a strong heart.  Activity 2　选取上面至少4个句子组成一篇不少于80词的短文(注意使用恰当的衔接词)         B级 能力素养提升练 Ⅴ.阅读理解 A Yang Chen-Ning,one of the greatest physicists of the 20th century and China’s first Nobel laureate in science,passed away in Beijing at the age of 103,according to Tsinghua University.The university described the late scholar as “immortal” in its obituary(讣告). Born in Hefei,Anhui Province,in 1922,Yang moved with his family to Tsinghua University in 1929.He studied at the National Southwestern Associated University and later earned a master’s degree in science from Tsinghua in 1944.In 1945,he traveled to the United States as a government-sponsored student,completing his PhD at the University of Chicago in 1948. Yang joined the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton in 1949,became a professor in 1955,and in 1966 was appointed the Albert Einstein Professor of Physics at the State University of New York at Stony Brook,where he worked until 1999.In 1957,Yang and his collaborator Tsung-Dao Lee won the Nobel Prize in Physics for their groundbreaking discovery of parity non-conservation in weak interactions(弱相互作用中的宇称不守恒)—an idea that revolutionized modern physics.His later work with Robert Mills on the Yang-Mills theory became one of the theoretical pillars of the Standard Model of particle physics,comparable in influence to Maxwell’s equations and Einstein’s relativity. Returning to China in his later years,Yang became an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,honorary president of the Institute for Advanced Study at Tsinghua,and professor at Tsinghua University.He worked tirelessly to advance basic research and nurture young scientific talent. Beyond his scientific legacy,Yang was a devoted bridge-builder between China and the world.His visit to the People’s Republic of China in 1971 helped open academic exchanges between Chinese and overseas scientists.He later raised funds to support nearly a hundred Chinese scholars in pursuing studies abroad,many of whom became key figures in China’s scientific progress. “Professor Yang’s life was that of an immortal legend,” Tsinghua wrote.“His century-long journey will forever shine among the stars of human civilization.” 1.What does paragraph 3 mainly focus on? A.The explanation for why Yang returned to China. B.The description of how Yang won the Nobel Prize. C.The summary of Yang’s contributions to modern chemistry. D.The outline of Yang’s academic journey in the United States. 2.What can be inferred from Yang’s collaboration with Tsung-Dao Lee? A.It reshaped scientists’ understanding of natural laws. B.It demonstrated the power of cross-cultural cooperation. C.It marked China’s first major step into modern physics. D.It showed that teamwork often leads to friendship. 3.What can we learn from paragraph 5 about Yang Chen-Ning? A.He played a significant role in promoting international academic exchanges. B.He donated his personal savings to establish scholarships for Chinese students. C.He made groundbreaking contributions to the field of particle physics. D.All of the scholars he supported became leading figures in their scientific fields. 4.Which of the following best describes Yang Chen-Ning? A.Devoted and humble. B.Determined and patriotic. C.Brilliant and influential. D.Generous and humorous. B (2026浙江高二期中) On April 30,2025,the U.S.National Academy of Sciences (NAS) announced its new members,including Chinese pharmacologist Tu Youyou,who was elected a foreign associate member.This election powerfully recognizes Tu’s lifelong contributions—especially her groundbreaking discovery of artemisinin,a malaria-fighting wonder drug that has saved millions of lives. Tu Youyou was born in Ningbo in 1930.At 16,her battle with tuberculosis(肺结核) inspired her mission to relieve human suffering through science,leading her to Peking University in 1951,where her strict academic training laid the groundwork for her future work at the intersection(交叉) of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and modern science. After graduation,she conducted vital research on herbal medicines,clarifying long-standing confusion over plant species.In 1969,Tu led a team to comb through 2,000 ancient TCM texts and folk cures.A 4th-century text eventually inspired a key idea:extracting Artemisia annua (sweet wormwood) with ether(乙醚) could preserve its active part.After 190 failed experiments,success came.By 1972,her team had extracted pure artemisinin,proved safety on themselves,and confirmed its effectiveness. Artemisinin has revolutionized malaria treatment,reducing incidence by 37% and death rate by 60% between 2000 and 2015,saving an estimated 5.9 million children’s lives (WHO,2015).This achievement earned Tu the 2011 Lasker Award and,in 2015,the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine—the first Nobel in a scientific field for a Chinese scientist and a landmark for TCM’s global recognition.She later received China’s Highest National Science and Technology Award (2016) and was named among Time’s 100 Most Influential Women(2020). Nevertheless,Tu remains humble,emphasizing that artemisinin is “a gift from TCM and the collective effort of her team.” At 94,she rises at dawn to monitor resistance trials,records every data point by hand,and personally replies to rural doctors seeking advice.Her humility,resilience,and quiet dedication continue to inspire scientists worldwide. 5.What motivated Tu Youyou’s career in medical science? A.Reading a 4th-century text on herbal medicine. B.Fighting against a serious disease at age 16. C.Studying at Peking University in 1951. D.Witnessing the deadly impact of malaria. 6.What key step finally led to the success of her study? A.Heating Artemisia annua in boiling water for hours. B.Switching from water to ether as the extracting liquid. C.Testing the 190th sample on laboratory animals. D.Consulting Western pharmacology textbooks. 7.What do we know about Tu Youyou from the last paragraph? A.She’s cautious. B.She’s talented. C.She’s ambitious. D.She’s modest. 8.What does the passage mainly convey? A.Breakthroughs result from commitment and persistence. B.Individual genius weighs more than teamwork in fighting disease. C.Global recognition turns local herbs into widespread cures. D.Future study focuses on developing modern drugs from herbal sources. Ⅵ.七选五 A scientist is a person who explores and examines aspects of a certain field to better understand how they function.The process of exploration follows a strict set of rules known as the scientific method.　1　  The primary duty of a scientist in any fields is to do research.　2　 A scientist who specializes in microbiology could study germs,while a scientist who studies the atmosphere could research the pattern of the wind.  Apart from devoting himself to the research,a scientist can also work for employers.　3　 Besides,universities and some governmental organizations also require scientists to teach and research.Some scientists are able to get research funds independently or participate in a funded scientific project and spend their time working towards a clear goal.  　4　 This usually means getting a PhD in the chosen field.In many cases,it also means finding work opportunities during the school year.They can provide the person with practical experience.Many scientists regularly publish their findings or notes of their work.  Some scientists,such as a doctor,might require official certificates(证书).　5　 The requirements and duties of scientists are as broad and various as the area which they study.  A.Being a scientist requires a very good education. B.In different fields,the research can be different. C.Others might only need membership in an association. D.A scientist may make use of the results of others’ research. E.The purpose of science is to produce useful models of reality. F.There are large companies that hire scientists to help with their products. G.The method ensures that new discoveries are factual and not just theories. 知识积累卡 一、重点单词 1.immortal adj.　　　　　　　　　　　  2.groundbreaking adj.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  3.revolution n.　　　　　　　　　　　　　→revolutionary adj.　　　　　　　　→revolutionize vt.　　　　　　　　　　　　　  4.compare vt.　　　　　　　　→comparable adj.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　→comparative adj.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　→comparison n.　　　　　　　　  5.resilience n.　　　　　　　  6.special adj.　　　　　　　　　→specialist n.　　　　　　　→specialize vt.　　　　　　　　　　　　　  二、熟词生义 1.comb　本文义:vt.& vi.　　　　　　　　　　　　　其他义:vt.　　　　　　　　　　　　  2.field　本文义:n.　　　　　　　　  其他义:n.　　　　　　　　  三、词块速记 1.lay the groundwork for 　　　　　　　　　　　　　  2.apart from 　　　　　　　　　　　  四、经典句式背诵 He later raised funds to support nearly a hundred Chinese scholars in pursuing studies abroad,many of whom became key figures in China’s scientific progress. 句意:___________________________________ 参考答案 Ⅰ.1.crucial　2.distinct　3.obtained　4.acknowledged　5.defeated Ⅱ.1.on/upon　2.from/of　3.botanical　4.analyse 5.apparently Ⅲ.1.It is a great honour for me to be invited　2.is thought to play a vital role in　3.Upon seeing the great scientist Ⅳ.Activity 1 1.It is universally acknowledged that　2.committed herself to the scientific research　3.to obtain　4.insisted on working hard　5.nothing can defeat me Activity 2 It is universally acknowledged that Marie Curie was one of the greatest scientists in the world.Throughout her life,she committed herself to the scientific research.Marie Curie was the first female scientist in the world to obtain the Nobel Prize in Physics and Chemistry.When Marie Curie met with difficulties in her research,she insisted on working hard to get them over one by one.Inspired by her examples,I have learned that nothing can defeat me if I have a strong heart. Ⅴ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了杨振宁的百年人生,包括他的生平、学术成就以及他对中国和世界科学界的贡献。 1.D　段落大意题。根据第三段的内容可知,本段主要概述杨振宁在美国的学术生涯轨迹,包括他加入的机构、担任的职位、工作的时间以及取得的成就。故选D项。 2.A　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“In 1957,Yang and his collaborator Tsung-Dao Lee...an idea that revolutionized modern physics.”可知,杨振宁与李政道合作发现的宇称不守恒定律彻底改变了现代物理学,可推知这一发现重塑了科学家对自然规律的理解。故选A项。 3.A　细节理解题。根据第五段中的“His visit to the People’s Republic of China...became key figures in China’s scientific progress.”可知,杨振宁在促进国际学术交流方面发挥了重要作用。故选A项。 4.C　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“In 1957,Yang and his collaborator Tsung-Dao Lee...comparable in influence to Maxwell’s equations and Einstein’s relativity.”以及第五段中的“His visit to the People’s Republic of China...became key figures in China’s scientific progress.”可知,杨振宁在物理学领域取得了巨大成就,说明他非常杰出,而且他的工作对现代物理学产生了深远的影响,他还促进了中外学术交流,所以他也是极具影响力的。故选C项。 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了中国药学家屠呦呦于2025年4月30日当选为美国国家科学院外籍院士,重点阐述了她的从医动机、发现青蒿素的关键过程、青蒿素带来的巨大医学贡献及所获荣誉,最后凸显了她谦逊、坚韧和专注的品格。 5.B　细节理解题。根据第二段的“At 16,her battle with tuberculosis...of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and modern science.”可知,屠呦呦16岁时与严重疾病的斗争促使她投身医学事业。故选B项。 6.B　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“In 1969,Tu led a team to comb...After 190 failed experiments,success came.”可知,将提取液从水改为乙醚这一关键步骤促成了研究成功。故选B项。 7.D　推理判断题。根据最后一段“Nevertheless,Tu remains humble...continue to inspire scientists worldwide.”可知,最后一段重点描述了屠呦呦的谦逊。故选D项。 8.A　推理判断题。通读全文,结合第二段中的“At 16,her battle with tuberculosis...of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and modern science.”以及第三段中的“After 190 failed experiments,success came...and confirmed its effectiveness.”可知,文章主要讲述了屠呦呦通过不懈努力和坚持,最终发现了青蒿素,为人类健康做出了巨大贡献,故本文主要传达了突破源于承诺和坚持。故选A项。 Ⅵ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是科学探索过程所需要遵循的一些规则。 1.G　上文提到了探索过程应当遵循的科学方法;G项中的“The method”和上文的“the scientific method”相呼应。因此G项承接上文,符合语境,故选G项。 2.B　上文提到科学家的基本职责是做研究。下文说明不同领域的科学家所进行的研究不同。因此B项承上启下,符合语境,故选B项。 3.F　上文提到科学家也可以为雇主工作;F项中的“hire scientists”和上文中的“work for employers”相呼应。因此F项承接上文,符合语境,故选F项。 4.A　下文说明成为科学家需要接受良好的教育。A项说明了科学家需要良好的教育,符合语境,故选A项。 5.C　上文提到有些科学家需要有官方证书。C项中的“Others”和上文的“Some scientists”相呼应,“need”和上文的“require”相呼应,“membership in an association”和上文的“official certificates”都是资历要求。因此C项承上启下,符合语境,故选C项。 知识积累卡 一、1.永世的;不朽的　2.开创性的;创新的　3.革命;剧烈的变革　革命(性)的　使革命化;彻底改变　4.对比;比较　可比较的;可相提并论的　比较而言的;相对的　比较;比拟 5.适应能力　6.特别的;特殊的　专家　专门研究;专门从事 二、1.仔细搜索;搜寻　梳;梳理(头发)　2.领域　田地 三、1.为……奠定基础;为……做好准备　2.除……外 四、他后来筹集资金资助了近百名中国学者赴海外深造,其中许多人成为中国科学发展领域的核心人物。 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $