Unit 5 Languages Around the World Discovering Useful Structures & Listening and Talking 分层课后练习-2026-2027学年高中英语人教版必修第一册

**基本信息** 本同步练习通过A级基础巩固与B级能力提升的分层设计，构建词汇-句型-语篇的递进路径，融合真实情境与学科特色，助力语言能力与思维品质协同发展。 **分层设计** |层次|知识覆盖|设计特色| |----|----------|----------| |A级|基础词汇（拼写）、语法（介词+关系代词/关系副词定语从句）、基础语篇应用|题型聚焦基础能力，如单词拼写（考查核心词汇）、句型合并（强化语法规则），语段填空结合校园体育俱乐部情境，实现基础知识点的直接应用| |B级|语篇理解（阅读理解、七选五）、语境应用（完形填空）、语法综合运用（语篇填空）|选用真实语料（AI破译楔形文字、速读技巧），完形填空以牙医经历渗透习语理解，语篇填空强化语音规律，知识积累卡系统拓展词汇语法，提升综合语言运用与跨文化理解能力|

Discovering Useful Structures & Listening and Talking A级 必备知识基础练 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1.It was a s　　　　　 for me to remember the new Chinese characters in such a short time.  2.Worrying that she couldn’t understand me,I tried speaking to her in her mother t　　　　　.  3.From my point of v　　　　　,we should practice calligraphy,for it connects us with our roots.  4.In the first two 　　　　　　(学期),she widened her knowledge by reading more classics.  5.I 　　　　　　(恳求) my partner to supply me with some advanced equipment and he agreed.  Ⅱ.用“介词+关系代词”或关系副词把下列句子合并为含有定语从句的复合句 1.This is the humorous guy.I often talk about him with you. →    2.I will show you the book.In the book I found the answer. →    3.There came a day.The rain fell at last then. →    4.In our school,there is a science club.We can do science experiments in the club. →    Ⅲ.语段填空 Dear Tom, How are you going these days?I’m writing to tell you about our school’s Sports Club,1.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(体育俱乐部经常为我们学生组织各种各样的活动).  The Sports Club is located in our school’s gym,2.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(在体育俱乐部学生可以锻炼或者练习他们的技能).At weekends,it is available for all students 3.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(对体育赛事感兴趣的学生).The reason 4.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(我们为什么喜欢体育俱乐部) is that it enriches our campus life.  All in all,all of us can work out for half an hour every day,5.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(通过锻炼我们可以增强我们的体质).  Yours sincerely, Li Hua B级 能力素养提升练 Ⅳ.阅读理解 Around one million cuneiform tablets(楔形文字泥板) have been found worldwide,on which cunei-form—the oldest known form of writing—was carved.Deciphering(破译) those cuneiform tablets helps know about the incredible stories of men,women and children in the early period of history.However,they are heavily weathered and thus difficult to decipher. A new artificial intelligence(AI) software is now able to explain difficult-to-read texts.It was developed by a team from Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg (MLU) and Mainz University of Applied Sciences. Hubert Mara,a professor at MLU,and his research team came up with the idea of developing an AI system that applied 3D models.Instead of photos,the researchers first used 3D models of nearly 2,000 cuneiform tablets,including around 50 from a collection at MLU,achieving significantly more dependable results than previous methods. The new system deciphers characters better than previous methods.In principle,the AI system works along the same lines as OCR software,which turns the images of writing and text into machine-readable text.“OCR usually works with photographs.This is no problem for ink on paper.In the case of cuneiform tablets,however,things are more difficult because the lighting conditions greatly influence how well certain characters can be recognized,” explains Mara. The team trained the new AI software and did succeed in recognizing the symbols on the tablets.“We were surprised to find that our system works so well with these tablets,which are heavily weathered,” says Mara. The work by the researchers makes a major step forward in the study of ancient writing systems and opens up many new lines of scientific exploration.Up until now,it can only translate symbols from two languages.However,a total of twelve cuneiform languages are known to exist.In the future,the software could also help to decipher weathered inscriptions(碑文),for example in cemeteries,which are three-dimensional like cuneiform. 1.What do we know about cuneiform tablets? A.They are greatly damaged over time. B.They record many prehistoric stories. C.They show big progress in writing. D.They are quite small in number. 2.What is special about the new AI system? A.It uses OCR software. B.It is based on 3D models. C.It can translate 12 languages. D.It can turn texts into symbols. 3.What would be the best title for the text? A.3D models are useful in researches B.OCR software deciphered cuneiform C.AI software helps read ancient symbols D.Scientists use AI to find cuneiform tablets Ⅴ.七选五 Speed reading is a skill that allows people to process information quickly with skimming techniques.　1　 Here’re some efficient speed reading techniques.  Talk to yourself less and avoid sounding out each word.　2　 This may help readers remember concepts but can also be a major barrier to speed.Keep in mind that you don’t need to read every single word to understand the sentence’s overall meaning.  Cover words you’ve already read with a card.When you’re reading,your eyes can move back to earlier words.These are typically short habitual movements that don’t improve understanding or speed.Use a card to cover words right after you’ve read them.　3　  Move your eyes less as you read.While reading,your eyes move,stopping on some words and skipping others.However,you can only comprehend what you’re reading when your eyes stop moving.Learning to move your eyes less can help you read faster.So try staring at one line at a time without gliding your eyes over the words. 　4　 Track your progress by timing yourself daily,or each time you do a speed reading exercise.Not only does trying to beat your best speed motivate you,but it can also give you a goal to work towards.  Set obtainable goals to improve your speed reading.Aim to work on your speed reading daily by completing speed reading exercises.200 to 250 words per minute is the expected reading speed for someone 12 or older.　5　 At 450 words per minute,you’re reading as fast as a college student skimming for the main points.It typically takes 2 to 4 weeks to double your reading speed,so be patient with yourself and keep trying.  A.Point to the words you’re reading on the page. B.So,how do you learn and master this amazing skill? C.Time your reading speed so you can track your progress. D.Some readers sound out every word they read in their heads. E.This way,you can train yourself not to look back at previous sentences. F.300 words per minute is the reading speed of the average college student. G.Reading can seem like such a chore,especially because it can take so long. Ⅵ.完形填空 (2026吉林高一上学期期末) I have a strong interest in English and did well in exams.So I was 　1　 to attend summer school in the US,hoping to apply textbook knowledge to 　2　 life.  But reality was 　3　.Two weeks later,I had to see a dentist(牙医) for a toothache.When waiting,I worried.“How do I 　4　 my pain in English?Can I understand the dentist’s instructions?” Shortly afterwards,I was 　5　 in to see Dr.Smith.  After examining,Dr.Smith explained there was a hole in a(n) 　6　 that needed to be filled.Then he smiled with a 　7　,“Do you have a sweet tooth?” I answered honestly,“I had a candy before coming here,but I brushed my teeth.So,there’s no sweet tooth.”  Dr.Smith laughed as he started the 　8　.After finishing,Dr.Smith explained,“My boy,‘have a sweet tooth’ has nothing to do with brushing teeth 　9　.It means enjoying sugary foods very much.But remember to brush teeth after having sweets,dear.” I felt embarrassed but 　10　 because Dr.Smith not only helped me with my 　11　 but also English learning.  After coming back home,I 　12　 the way of learning English.Instead of only focusing on tests,I began to feel the richness of the language.I 　13　 native speakers using idioms(习语) and expressions that brought the 　14　 to life.Through this journey,I 　15　 that having a sweet tooth—whether for candy or language—was about allowing it to enrich your life.  1.A.concerned B.excited C.calm D.nervous 2.A.real B.unfamiliar C.impressive D.unusual 3.A.meaningful B.emergent C.hard D.hopeful 4.A.describe B.fix C.remember D.explore 5.A.improved B.admired C.moved D.called 6.A.ear B.nose C.mouth D.tooth 7.A.secret B.nod C.question D.clue 8.A.digging B.filling C.contacting D.reminding 9.A.finally B.luckily C.easily D.completely 10.A.thankful B.helpful C.careful D.harmful 11.A.exam B.brush C.pain D.life 12.A.measured B.changed C.finished D.forgot 13.A.looked after B.referred to C.talked to D.turned down 14.A.emotion B.game C.project D.language 15.A.realized B.observed C.explained D.disagreed Ⅶ.语篇填空 For learning Chinese,the correct pronunciation of the words 1.　　　　　　(be) very important.For Mandarin learners,pronunciation is one of the 2.(challenge) most people will meet with.Error-making is a 3.　　　　　　(nature) part of learning any language,not just Mandarin,and we all have our own fair share of weak points.  We can easily find some Mandarin pronunciation mistakes 4.　　　　　　 are more common than others.Pronunciation in Mandarin is important,because a simple change in tone(语调) can completely change 5.　　　　　　 meaning of a word.Mandarin depends heavily on tone to communicate the proper meaning,so correct Chinese pronunciation is important.  Sometimes,although the difference in sound is clear enough,learners make the mistake of 6.(pronounce) it the same way.The best way to solve this is to use a Mandarin pronunciation guide which tells you exactly how different sounds 7.(make) and where they come from so you can tell the difference between them. English has stressed syllables(音节) within words,while Mandarin does not.Mandarin can make changes 8.　　　　　　 the tone of the vowel(元音).Mandarin does have stress within a sentence.9.(improve) your Mandarin pronunciation,listen to native Mandarin speakers as much as possible and talk with them too.Besides having general conversations with people 10.　　　　　　(regular),you should make sure you have a teacher who can help you identify where you’re going wrong.Remember,practice makes perfect!  知识积累卡 一、重点单词 1.efficient adj.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　→efficiency n.　　　　　　　  2.typically adv.　　　　　　　　　　→typical adj.　　　　　　　　　　　　  3.comprehend v.　　　　　　　　　　　→comprehensive adj.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  4.enrich v.　　　　　　  二、熟词生义 1.weather　本文义:v.　　　　　　　　　　其他义:n.　　　　　　　　　  2.time　本文义:v.　　　　　　　　　　　　其他义:n.　　　　　　　　　  3.apply　本文义:v.　　　　　　　其他义:v.　　　　　　　  4.stressed　本文义:adj.　　　　　　　其他义:adj.　　　　　　　　　　  三、词块速记 1.come up with the idea 　　　　　　　　　  2.have a sweet tooth 　　　　　　  四、经典句式背诵 Not only does trying to beat your best speed motivate you,but it can also give you a goal to work towards.(not only...but also...句型中 not only 放于句首,句子用倒装形式) 句意:    五、长难句分析 The best way to solve this is to use a Mandarin pronunciation guide which tells you exactly how different sounds are made and where they come from so you can tell the difference between them. 分析:本句是一个主从复合句。主句主干是The best way is to use a Mandarin pronunciation guide,其中不定式作　　　　　　,to solve this在way后作　　　　　　　;which引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词guide,how和where引导并列的　　　　　　　,so引导目的状语从句,句子是“　　　　　　”结构。  句意:    参考答案 Ⅰ.1.struggle　2.tongue　3.view　4.semesters　5.begged Ⅱ.1.This is the humorous guy about whom I often talk with you. 2.I will show you the book in which/where I found the answer. 3.There came a day when the rain fell at last. 4.In our school,there is a science club where/in which we can do science experiments. Ⅲ.1.which often organizes various activities for us students　2.where students can take exercise or practise their skills 3.who are interested in sports events　4.why we like the Sports Club　5.through which we can strengthen our body Ⅳ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。马丁·路德大学哈勒—维滕贝格分校和美因茨应用科技大学的一个团队开发了一种新的人工智能软件,它可以破译被严重风化的楔形文字泥板上的两种文字。 1.A　细节理解题。根据第一段中“However,they are heavily weathered and thus difficult to decipher.”可知,楔形文字泥板随着时间流逝被严重地破坏了。故选A项。 2.B　推理判断题。根据第三段中“Instead of photos,the researchers first used 3D models of nearly 2,000 cuneiform tablets,including around 50 from a collection at MLU,achieving significantly more dependable results than previous methods.”可推知,新的AI系统的特别之处是它基于3D模型。故选B项。 3.C　主旨大意题。根据第二段中“A new artificial intelligence(AI) software is now able to explain difficult-to-read texts.”可知,本文主要介绍了人工智能软件帮助阅读古代楔形文字的事情。故选C项。 Ⅴ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些掌握和提高速读技能的有效技巧。 1.B　上文“Speed reading is a skill that allows people to process information quickly with skimming techniques.”解释什么是速读:一种让人们通过略读技巧快速处理信息的技能;结合下文“Here’re some efficient speed reading techniques.”可知,设空处为过渡句,起到承上启下的作用,与速读技能的学习有关;B选项符合语境,选项中的“this amazing skill”指代上文中的“a skill that allows people to process information quickly with skimming techniques”,下文则承接B选项这个问句,引出文章主题:介绍有效的速读技巧。 2.D　根据上文(本段主旨句)“Talk to yourself less and avoid sounding out each word.”以及下文“This may help readers remember concepts but can also be a major barrier to speed.”可知,该空应为一种与把每个单词都读出来有关的做法;D选项符合语境,选项中的“sound out every word”与上文中的“sounding out each word”相照应。 3.E　该段主题句“Cover words you’ve already read with a card. ”以及上文“Use a card to cover words right after you’ve read them.”建议用卡片把读过的词盖住;E选项承接上文,阐述用卡片把读过的单词盖住的益处,符合语境;“This way”指代上句建议的做法,“look back at previous sentences”与本段中的“your eyes can move back to earlier words”相照应。 4.C　该空是段落的主题句。根据下文“Track your progress by timing yourself daily,or each time you do a speed reading exercise.Not only does trying to beat your best speed motivate you,but it can also give you a goal to work towards.”可知,本段建议通过每天或每次做速读时计时来记录自己的进步。C选项能够概括本段主旨,适合作为主题句。 5.F　由上文“200 to 250 words per minute is the expected reading speed for someone 12 or older.”以及下文“At 450 words per minute,you’re reading as fast as a college student skimming for the main points.”可推知,设空处与上文构成递进关系,阐述的阅读速度介于上下文之间;F选项符合语境。 Ⅵ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者在美国暑期学校期间因牙痛看牙医,在与牙医的交流中学到了英语习语,从而改变了学习英语的方式。 1.B　根据上文“I have a strong interest in English and did well in exams.”以及下文“to attend summer school in the US,hoping to apply textbook knowledge to 　　　life”可知,作者对英语有浓厚兴趣且成绩好,渴望将课本知识应用到现实生活中,所以对能参加美国暑期学校感到兴奋。故选B项。  2.A　根据上文“hoping to apply textbook knowledge to”可知,作者去美国暑期学校,是想将课本上学到的理论知识运用到真实的生活中,real life为固定搭配,意为“实际生活”。故选A项。 3.C　此处是指虽然作者想将课本知识运用到现实生活中,但现实操作起来是困难的。故选C项。 4.A　根据下文“my pain in English”可知,作者担心如何用英语描述自己的疼痛。故选A项。 5.D　根据上文“When waiting”及下文“in to see Dr.Smith”可知,作者在候诊,之后被医生叫进诊室,be called in意为 “被请进,被叫进”。故选D项。 6.D　根据上文“for a toothache”“Dr.Smith explained there was a hole in a(n)”以及下文“that needed to be filled”可知,作者牙疼,所以此处指医生解释牙齿上有个洞需要补。故选D项。 7.C　根据下文“Do you have a sweet tooth?”可知,下文是医生问的问题,所以此处指他笑着问了一个问题。故选C项。 8.B　根据上文“there was a hole in a(n) 　　　that needed to be filled”“Dr.Smith laughed as he started the”可知,上文描述医生解释牙齿上有个洞需要补,因此这里是开始补牙的操作。故选B项。  9.D　根据上文“My boy,‘have a sweet tooth’ has nothing to do with brushing teeth”和下文“It means enjoying sugary foods very much.”可知,have a sweet tooth的意思是非常喜欢吃甜食,这个短语和刷牙这件事根本没有关系,completely能体现这种程度。故选D项。 10.A　根据下文“because Dr.Smith not only helped me with my 　　　but also English learning”可知,因为史密斯医生不仅帮作者解决了疼痛问题,还帮作者学习了英语,作者对医生是感激的。故选A项。  11.C　根据故事内容可知,作者因为牙疼而去看牙医,所以医生帮助他解决了疼痛的问题。故选C项。 12.B　根据下文“Instead of only focusing on tests,I began to feel the richness of the language.”可知,作者不再只关注考试,而是感受语言的魅力,说明他改变了英语学习方式。故选B项。 13.C　根据下文“native speakers using idioms and expressions”可知,作者想要感受语言的魅力,应是和母语者交流,从他们的表达中学习。故选C项。 14.D　根据上文“I began to feel the richness of the language”“native speakers using idioms and expressions that brought the”可知,作者改变了英语学习方式,感受语言的丰富性,母语者的习语和表达能让英语这门语言变得鲜活。故选D项。 15.A　根据下文“that having a sweet tooth—whether for candy or language—was about allowing it to enrich your life”可知,作者通过这次经历意识到了下文描述的道理。故选A项。 Ⅶ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了学习汉语时正确发音的重要性及提升发音的方法。 1.is　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。主语是不可数名词the correct pronunciation,且陈述的是客观事实,应用一般现在时的第三人称单数。故填is。 2.challenges　考查名词的数。one of后应接可数名词的复数形式。challenge 意为“挑战”。故填challenges。 3.natural　考查形容词。空格处位于冠词a之后,名词part之前,判断应用形容词作定语。故填natural。 4.that/which　考查定语从句。分析结构可知,设空处在句中引导定语从句,先行词Mandarin pronunciation mistakes指物,在从句中作主语,所以用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。 5.the　考查冠词。根据结构可知,of a word作为定语修饰名词,表示特指。故填the。 6.pronouncing　考查非谓语动词。介词后面应该用动名词作宾语。故填pronouncing。 7.are made　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。此处描述客观事实,用一般现在时,how 引导宾语从句,从句中主语different sounds与动词make之间是被动关系,判断用被动语态,主语是复数,be动词用are。故填are made。 8.to　考查介词。make changes to是固定短语,意为“对……做出改动”。故填to。 9.To improve　考查非谓语动词。设空处在句中作目的状语,判断用不定式。故填To improve。 10.regularly　考查副词。设空处在句中修饰动词having,应该用副词regularly作状语,表示“定期地,有规律地”。故填regularly。 知识积累卡 一、1.生效的,效率高的;(人)有能力的,能胜任的　效率,效能　2.典型地;一般;通常　典型的;平常的;象征性的　3.理解,领悟;包含,包括　综合性的,全面的;有理解力的 4.使……丰富 二、1.(受风吹雨打)使(褪色),使(风化)　天气;恶劣天气 2.为……安排时间;为……计时　时刻;时候;次;倍　3.应用　申请;涂抹　4.有重音的　焦虑的;受重压的 三、1.想出了这个主意　2.爱吃甜食 四、努力超越你的最佳速度不仅能激励你,还能给你一个努力的目标。 五、表语　后置定语　宾语从句　主谓宾 解决这个问题的最好方法是使用普通话发音指南,它会告诉你不同的声音是如何发出的,它们来自哪里,这样你就能分辨出它们之间的区别。 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $