Unit 4-5语法：定语从句讲解及练习2026-2027学年外研版九年级英语上册

**基本信息** 以关系代词用法为主线，通过概念生成-规则提炼-综合应用逻辑链，系统构建定语从句解题方法体系，提升语言运用与逻辑思维能力。 **综合设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |Unit 4（who）|3类11题|拆分法（主句/先行词/从句）、主谓一致规则|从形容词/介词短语定语过渡到句子作定语，明确who指人作主语不可省略| |Unit 5（that/which）|4类25题|“代高序人物”等that/which选用口诀、省略规则（宾语/介词提前）|扩展至that（人/物）、which（物）用法，对比辨析特殊情况与主谓一致| |综合练习|2类25题|关系代词辨析三步法（指人/物-成分-特殊规则）|整合who/that/which/whose用法，通过典例覆盖中考高频考点（不定代词修饰、介词提前等）|

Unit 4语法：who引导的限制性定语从句 一、什么是定语从句？ 如何修饰一个名词： a famous writer（形容词作定语） the writer from China（介词短语作后置定语） 有时，我们需要用一个完整的句子来描述一个名词。这时，就用到定语从句。 原句：I like the famous writer. The famous writer is from China. 合成后：I like the famous writer（who is from China）. 我喜欢（来自中国的）那个著名作家。 ➡ “who is from China” 就是一个完整的句子，在这里充当定语，修饰 “the famous writer”。 所以用一个句子修饰它前面的名词 / 代词（它们叫先行词）, 表示 “…… 的”，这个句子称为定语从句。其中，who 是关系代词，仅指代人，在从句中充当主语, 不可省略。 二、句子拆分结构 教材原句：She was a brave soldier （who never gave in）. 她是一名永不屈服的勇敢战士。 主句 先行词 关系词 （定语从句） 1.The hero who saved many villagers is a doctor. 拆分：先行词 the hero；关系词who, 作主语, 不可省略 翻译：那位拯救了许多村民的英雄是一名医生。 2.The old man who/ whom I met by the river is my grandpa. 拆分：先行词 The old man ；关系词who/whom, 作宾语, 可省略 翻译：我在河边遇到的老人是我的爷爷。 注意：从句谓语动词的形式由先行词单复数来决定 eg:（单数）：The soldier who stands there fought in Changjin Lake. eg:（复数）：The soldiers who fight for our country are great. 三、练习题 （一）选择题。 1．—Which one is your Maths teacher? —Over there! The tall man ______ wears a pair of round glasses. A. who B．which C．what D．where 2．—During the Paris Olympic Games, the Chinese athletes won a total of 40 gold medals. —They are the role models in this new age ________ we should learn from. A．when B．who C．which D．where 3．These new neighbors, ________ I met yesterday, have come here from Beijing. A．how B．whom C．that D．what 4. I don’t know the girl to _________ you talked just now. A．which B．who C．whom D．what 5. Linda prefers the musicians who _________ different kinds of music. A．play B．plays C．was playing D．is playing （二）将下列句子改为含定语从句的复合句。 1. The girl is my sister. The girl is singing on the stage. ➡  2. Do you know the man? I helped the man yesterday. ➡ 3. The teacher is very kind. The teacher teaches us English ➡ 4. I know the girl. You are waiting for the girl. ➡ 5. The students are from Beijing. The students wear red uniforms. ➡ 6. The old man is my grandfather. You saw the old man in the park. ➡ （三）根据汉语意思，完成句子 1. 那个正在和我妈妈说话的女人是我的英语老师。 The woman ______ is talking to my mom is my English teacher 2. 你昨天在图书馆遇见的那位作家写了一本很著名的小说。 The writer ______ you met in the library yesterday wrote a very famous novel. 3. 你喜欢那个在篮球比赛中得了30分的男孩吗？ Do you like the boy ______ scored 30 points in the basketball game? 4. 我们正在等待的那位导游来自澳大利亚。 The guide ______ we are waiting for comes from Australia. 5. 那个在科学竞赛中获得一等奖的学生将代表学校去北京。 The student ______ won the first prize in the science competition will represent our school to go to Beijing. Unit 5语法：that/which引导限制性定语从句 一、which引导限制性定语从句：只能指代事物 / 动物，不可指代人。 教材原句：The natural wonders which have been hidden by pollution for years appear again. 主句：The natural wonders appear again. 先行词：natural wonders（自然奇观，事物） 定语从句：which have been hidden by pollution for years 二、that引导限制性定语从句：万能关系代词，既可以指代人，也可以指代事物 / 动物。 教材原句：Streets, beaches and parks that are usually full of people remain empty. 先行词：Streets, beaches and parks（地点事物） 从句：that are usually full of people 所以：The movie which/that they saw last night is fantastic.（which能换成that） I will remember the people who/whom/that I met in my high school life.（who/whom也能换成that） 三、定语从句的省略 1. 关系代词在从句中作宾语时，常可省略。 ①. 作动词宾语时 This is the book (that) I bought yesterday. 这就是我昨天买的那本书。 She loves the gift (that) I gave her.  她很喜欢我送她的礼物。 ②. 在“介词+宾语”结构中作宾语时 That’s the ship (which/that) we travelled on. 那就是我们旅行时乘坐的船。 That’s the man (who/whom/that) I told you about. 那就是我跟你提过的那个人。 This is the room (which/that) I study in.  这就是我学习的房间。 【小贴士】：在书面语或正式场合中，若定语从句的谓语包含“介词+宾语”，可将介词提前至关系代词前，形成“介词 + which/whom”结构。此时，关系代词只能用 which (物) 或 whom (人)，且不能省略。 That’s the man (who) I told you about.（口语）→ That’s the man about whom I told you.（正式） This is the house (that) I was born in.（口语）→ This is the house in which I was born.（正式） 2. 当关系代词在从句中作主语，且从句谓语是进行时态时，关系代词和be动词可同时省略，变为现在分词短语。（这种省略实际上将定语从句简化成了现在分词短语作定语。） The woman (who is) standing behind the counter served me. 站在柜台后的那位女士招待了我。 The boys (who are) playing basketball are my classmates.  正在打篮球的那些男孩是我的同学。 练习一： 1. We love animals_________ (which/who) live in the rainforest. 2. The volunteer_________ (who/which) protects birds is my teacher. 3. Plants_________ (who/which) grow well make the world beautiful. 4. Anyone who _________ about nature can join us.(用care的适当形式填空) 练习二：用 that/which 连接两句 1. This is a wetland. It provides homes for wild birds. 2. Plastic bags are rubbish. We should not throw the rubbish here and there. 四、定语从句中需注意的事项 1.先行词指物时，只能用that而不用which的情况：（口诀：代高序人物，避免重复） 1）先行词是all,little,much, nothing,few, something,every- thing等不定代词时 It is something that you use to paint pictures.它是你用来画画的一些东西。 2） 先行词被the same,the only, the very,all, the last,the one(s),no等修饰 I want to read all the books that were written by Shakespeare.我想读莎士比亚写的所有书。 3） 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰 This is the best book that I have ever read.这是我读过的最好的书。 4） 主句是以疑问词which或who开头的特殊疑问句 ，为了避免重复 Which is the bike that you have lost?你丢失的自行车是哪辆? 5） 先行词既有人又有物 We talked about persons and things that we remembered in middle school. 我们谈论了我们在中学时记得的人和事情。 2.关系词只用which不用that的情况  1）先行词本身是that What's that which is on the desk?桌子上的东西是什么? 2） 关系代词前面有介词且指物时 This is the room in which James once lived. 这是James曾经住过的房间。 3） 引导非限制性定语从句 Crusoe's dog, which was very old now,became ill and died. Crusoe的狗现在很老了，生病死了。 3. 关系词只用who不用that的情况 1） 先行词是指人的不定代词时，如someone、anyone、one、all、nobody、no one等 I'll ask someone who likes comedy movies. 我会去问喜欢喜剧题材电影的人。 2） 先行词为those且指人 Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here. 想去长城的人在这里报名。 3） 主句为there be句型，且先行词指人 There are instructors who can show you how to swim. 有教练可以教你如何游泳。 4） 先行词指人，且先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时 They were the first students who finished the homework.他们是第一批完成作业的学生。 4. 定语从句的主谓一致 1）关系代词在句中作主语，从句谓语动词的单复数与先行词保持一致。 The students that laugh at the disabled are not good students. 嘲笑残疾人的学生不是好学生。( students指同学们，谓语动词用复数形式) Mr. Black, who is in the meeting room, is asking to see you. 布莱克先生要见你，他在会议室。(Mr. Black指一个人，谓语动词用单数形式) 2）先行词为“one of+复数名词”时，从句谓语动词用复数形式； He is one of the students who were awarded. 他是当时受到奖励的学生之一。(受到奖励的学生不止一个，先行词是students) 先行词为“the (only/very /right) one of+复数名词”时，从句谓语动词用单数形式。 He is the only one of the students who was awarded. 他是当时唯一受到奖励的学生。(受到奖励的学生只有他一个，先行词是the only one) 五、拓展whose引导的定语从句：whose指代人或物，在从句中作定语 It's the school whose door is painted brown.(whose =the school's) Miss Wang is taking care of the child whose parents have gone to Beijing.（(whose =the child's） 口诀：关系代词引定从，它们用法须分清；that可作主与宾，指人指物都能行；which 用来指代物，主语宾语都可充；who和 whom 只指人，作主作宾不相同；whose一词作用大，表人表物都能用。 定语从句综合练习 （ ）1. The high-technology clothes ______ the players wore helped them perform better in the 9th Asian Winter Games. A. that  B. who  C. what （ ）2. —Did you watch the most exciting dance ______ was performed by robots during the Spring Festival Gala of the Year of the Snake? —Yes, it was amazing. A. which  B. that  C. who （ ）3. —What kinds of after-school activities do you like? —I like those activities ______ are about P.E. and art. A. who  B. whom  C. which  D. / （ ）4. It's hard to say goodbye to the teachers ______ have spent the past three years with us. A. who  B. whom  C. what （ ）5. In difficult times, there are always national heroes ______ step up and bring people hope. A. whom  B. who  C. which  D. whose （ ）6. Although my grandfather is over 90 years old, he still remembers the people ______ he met when he was young. A. who  B. when  C. where  D. which （ ）7. It seems to be the best way of communication ______ people like. A. that  B. which  C. who  D. whom （ ）8. Our parents often talk about the people and the things ______ they can remember in their middle school. A. who  B. whom  C. which  D. that （ ）9. Don't you know Neil Armstrong ______ was the first man to walk on the moon? A. which  B. whether  C. who  D. / （ ）10. Today there are many artists ______ create sculptures out of ice just because they enjoy it. A. who  B. whose  C. which  D. how （ ）11. Chances belong to those ______ keep trying. A. who  B. whom  C. which  D. that （ ）12. —Have you read the article ______ tells the future of humans? —Not yet. A. who  B. which  C. what  D. / （ ）13. The book tells the story of a girl called Mulan ______ father was too sick to fight as a soldier. A. who  B. whose  C. that  D. which （ ）14. People widely believe that the children ______ dare to question are more possibly to be scientists. A. who  B. whose  C. which  D. that （ ）15. The first magazine full of famous people ______ my father bought for me years ago is still of great value. A. who  B. that  C. which  D. when （ ）16. Nowadays, AI is one of the most important technologies______ are widely used in our life. A. who  B. when  C. which  D. that （ ）17. Almost all the tourists ______ go to Chengdu will try the dandan noodles there. A. who  B. which  C. whom  D. whose （ ）18. The Beijing Teen AI Academy is the first of its kind ______ encourages students to try to set up their own technology businesses. A. which  B. that  C. who  D. whom （ ）19. We don't like people ______ talk too much but never do anything. A. whose  B. who  C. which （ ）20. The book ______ I bought last week is very useful for my study. A. who  B. when  C. which  D. where 21. 我昨天在图书馆遇到的那个男孩是我的邻居。 The boy ___________________________________ is my neighbor. 22. 那位正在弹钢琴的女士是我的音乐老师。 The woman___________________________________ is my music teacher. 23. 这是一本每个中学生都应该读的书。 This is a book ___________________________________. 24. 那个爸爸是医生的孩子在我们班。 The child___________________________________is in our class. 25. 这是我们上周参观的那所学校。 This is the school ___________________________________. 参考答案：1—5 A B C A B 6—10 A A D C A 11—15 A B B A B 16—20 D A B B C 21. who/whom/that I met in the library yesterday 22.who/that is playing the piano 23.that/which every middle school student should read 24.whose father is a doctor 25.that/which we visited last week 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $