Unit 4 Natural Disasters Listening and Speaking & Reading and Thinking 分层课后练习-2026-2027学年高中英语人教版必修第一册

**基本信息** 高中英语新授课同步练，分层设A级基础与B级提升，以“词汇→语法→语篇”递进路径巩固知识，融合语言能力培养与思维品质训练。 **分层设计** |层次|知识覆盖|设计特色| |----|----------|----------| |A级|词汇拼写（如percent/disaster）、单句语法（时态/固定搭配）、基础写作（as if/too...to句型）|基础题型聚焦核心知识点，语境化填词（如“the e was cut off”）与语法填空（如被动语态）强化语言能力| |B级|阅读理解（灾害主题）、语篇写作（短文重组）、词汇拓展（熟词生义如stick“困住”）|3篇阅读含细节/推理题（如“displaced”词义推断），微写作要求句间衔接，渗透文化意识（灾害应对）与思维品质（逻辑整合）|

Listening and Speaking & Reading and Thinking A级 必备知识基础练 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1.Recently,the number of families seeking shelter has risen by 12 p　　　　　.  2.Though the fire was put out,many valuable art works were d　　　　　 completely.  3.I was doing an experiment in the lab when the e　　　　　 was cut off.  4.Skilled readers make use of 　　　　　　(语境) to guess the meaning of the words.  5.Many natural 　　　　　(灾难) like earthquakes happen with little or no warning.  Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1.This experience caused the athlete much mental 　　　　　　(suffer).  2.The typhoon did damage 　　　　　　the area and caused 100 deaths.  3.Nearly everything in the city 　　　　　　(destroy) by the terrible disaster last week.  4.The organization spared no effort 　　　　　　　(supply) the homeless with food or shelter.  5.Compared to me,my partner is 　　　　　　　(bury) in learning and studies better than me.  6.I was shocked 　　　　　　(find)that my son could hardly bear so much learning stress.  7.After the terrible landslide,the whole village lay 　　　　　　ruins and many volunteers came to the villagers’ rescue.  Ⅲ.单句写作 1.这个男孩又没通过考试,但他表现得若无其事。(as if/though) The boy failed to pass the exam again,but he behaved 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.  2.如果你用心去做,这个问题不难解决。(主语+be+形容词+to do) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 if you put your heart into it. 3.他们善良且乐于助人,在灾难面前,他们非常愿意帮助那些处于困境中的人。(too+形容词/副词+to do) They were so kind and helpful that they were 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　those in trouble in the face of disasters.  4.在下课之前,老师要求我们写总结。(come to an end) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,our teacher requests us to write a summary.  5.无论你跌倒了多少次,你都应该重新站起来。(fall down) No matter 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,you should keep getting back up.  Ⅳ.阅读微写作 请再读“THE NIGHT THE EARTH DIDN’T SLEEP”,注意文中的单词、短语和句型,并完成下列练习。 Activity 1　单句写作 1.我们震惊地发现每年会发生许多自然灾害。(shock) We 　　　　　　　　　　　that many natural disasters happen every year.  2.面对灾难,人们感觉好像世界末日到了。(as if) Facing disasters,people feel 　　　　　　　　　　.  3.人们将经受许多困境,他们的家园将成为废墟。(in ruins) People will go through many hardships and 　　　　　　　　　.  4.幸运的是,政府不遗余力地帮助那些正在遭受灾难的人。(effort) Luckily,the government 　　　　　　　　　　those who are suffering from disasters.  5.通过共同努力,新的家园不难重建。(effort;主语+be+形容词+to do) With joint 　　　　　　,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.  Activity 2　选取上面至少4个句子组成一篇不少于80词的短文(注意使用恰当的衔接词)。 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 B级 能力素养提升练 Ⅴ.阅读理解 A Efforts were underway in Bangladesh to deliver food and drinking water to millions of people struggling after a heavy rain led to flooding,which hit a quarter of the country.There are around 3.5 million Bangladeshis at risk of river flooding every year according to a 2015 report by the World Bank. On Wednesday,at least 17 of the country’s 64 districts(地区),mostly in the northern and north-eastern Sylhet,were suffering from the natural disaster.Government officials said at least 36 people had been killed and about 4.5 million people stuck so far.The floods also caused damage to agriculture(农业),electricity,and clean water supply. Sylhet is among the worst affected,with several areas without electricity.“Many people are in great need of food and drinking water,” said Enam Ahmed,45,living in the worst-hit Sunamganj district.“There is water everywhere but no drinking water.Flood shelters are filled with people but they are not getting enough food,” he said. The situation in Bangladesh has been worsened by rain water falling down from the surrounding hills of India’s Meghalaya state,which received more than 970 mm(38 inches)of rain on Sunday,according to a government report. “The flood situation in the three Barak valley districts continues to be very serious.Army rescuers have evacuated(疏散) thousands of trapped people to safe places.14 rescue teams with more than 70 boats and over 400 men have been pressed into action in the heavily flooded districts,” said a local flood control official.About 5.5 million people have been displaced,about 3.7 million of whom are staying in government-run temporary(临时的) shelters on higher ground. Locals in the flood-affected areas said they had never seen such serious floods before. 1.What is the second paragraph mainly about? A.The role played by government officials. B.The people trapped in the disaster. C.The number of districts in the country. D.The damage caused by the floods. 2.What do we know about the flood shelters? A.There is a crying need for food. B.They can provide enough clean water. C.They are too old to hold people. D.There are few villagers staying inside. 3.What does the underlined word “displaced” in paragraph 5 mean? A.Called on.　　　 　B.Checked out. C.Moved away. D.Sent in. 4.What can we infer from the text? A.More rescue efforts are needed. B.The floods hit the whole country. C.The disaster is the biggest ever. D.Rivers nationwide are at risk. B The next big volcanic disaster is more likely to come from sleeping volcanoes that are hardly watched,rather than famous ones like Etna or Yellowstone.Why are “quiet” volcanoes more dangerous?This is partly because of common human biases(偏见).Many people think that something that has been quiet will stay quiet.If a volcano hasn’t erupted for a long time,people often naturally consider it is safe. If people can quickly picture an event in their mind,they think it’s more likely to happen.This is a quick trick of the mind.Well-known volcanoes or eruptions,such as the Icelandic ash cloud from 2010,are familiar and can feel threatening(威胁),while faraway volcanoes with no recent eruptions seldom register at all. These biases create a dangerous problem:we only spend the most money after a disaster has already happened.El Chichón,for example,was only monitored(监测) after the 1982 disaster.However,three-quarters of large eruptions like El Chichón and bigger come from volcanoes that have been quiet for at least 100 years and,as a result,receive the least attention. We must prepare for volcanoes ahead of time,not just after they erupt.With proper watch on volcanoes,with communities prepared to respond(反应),and with good teamwork between experts and the government,we can save thousands of people.Disasters have been averted in these ways in 1991(at Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines),in 2019 (at Mount Merapi in Indonesia) and in 2021(at La Soufriere on the Caribbean island of Saint Vincent). To close these gaps,the world needs to pay more attention to under-monitored volcanoes in places such as Latin America,south-east Asia,Africa and the Pacific-places where millions of people live close to volcanoes that have little or no historical record.This is where the greatest risks lie,and where even small amounts of money spent on monitoring,early warning and community preparedness could save the most lives. 5.What can we learn about how most people see sleeping volcanoes? A.It matches scientific guesses. B.It may cause wrong decisions. C.It focuses on recent happenings. D.It considers famous ones most. 6.What does the underlined word “averted” mean in paragraph 4? A.Prevented. B.Expected. C.Recorded. D.Contacted. 7.How does the author think of spending money on volcano monitoring? A.It needs to be cut down now. B.It brings great value at a low cost. C.It is suitable for developed countries. D.It requires more international help. 8.What is the best title for the text? A.The Cost of Monitoring Volcanoes Matters B.Why Famous Volcanoes Threaten Us Most C.How Volcanoes Change Human Activities D.The Quiet Volcanoes May Have Great Risks C (2026湖北荆州中学高一月考) If there was to be a praise to the frog,it would have to contain(包含) one new piece of information:its ability to predict earthquakes.A scientific study has suggested that they escape an area just before such a disaster strikes. The evidence,published yesterday in the Journal of Zoology,centres on a population of breeding(繁殖) frogs in Italy.It seems that,a few years ago,these creatures had suddenly escaped from their home five days before an earthquake struck their breeding ground. The frogs’ ability to sense the earthquake is not fully understood,but 96 percent of male frogs escaped and returned a day after the danger had passed.This discovery confused Dr Rachel Grant,who hadn’t set out to learn about frogs’ reactions to earthquakes,but to study the effect of the lunar cycle on them.She now believes that frogs may be able to sense some signs and use them as an early-warning system for earthquakes. Frogs are not the only creatures born with an unusual power to predict natural disasters.In 2004,elephants in Thailand made loud noises before the tsunami hit,while bats in Sri Lanka flew around in anxiety before the disaster. While most of these animal warnings have been ignored,there are times when they have been noticed.In 1975,scientists in Haicheng,China,noticed unusual behaviour of the city’s dogs and cats.They demanded the evacuation(撤离) of the city,expecting a major disaster.Their warning came five-and-a-half hours before an earthquake struck,resulting in 2,000 deaths.Without the evacuation,another 150,000 people could have been killed. “There are things we can’t see and sounds we can’t hear.But many animals can.There is a sense called electro perception that fish and sharks use to form a picture around them,while dolphins and bats use sonar(声呐) to find their way around,” says Professor Daniel Mills,an expert in animal behaviour at Lincoln University. 9.What did Dr Rachel Grant think of the discovery of the frogs’ unusual behaviour? A.Worried. B.Unexpected. C.Disappointed. D.Frightened. 10.How is paragraph 4 mainly developed? A.By giving examples. B.By listing numbers. C.By explaining causes. D.By making comparisons. 11.What is the author’s purpose in mentioning the earthquake in Haicheng? A.To show the seriousness of the disaster. B.To praise the government’s timely action. C.To describe a successful evacuation in history. D.To show the benefit of noticing animal warnings. 12.What are Professor Daniel Mills’s words mainly about? A.Why animals can sense disasters. B.What his study will focus on next. C.How humans learn about the world. D.How animals behave before disasters. 知识积累卡 一、重点单词 1.deliver v.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　→delivery n.　　　　　　　  2.trick n.　　　　　　　→tricky adj.　　　　　　　　　　　　  3.ash n.　　　　　  4.gap n.　　　　　　  5.reaction n.　　　　　→react v.　　　　　  6.ignore v.　　　　  二、熟词生义 1.stick(stuck;stuck)　本文义:v.　　　　　　　　　　其他义:v.　　　　　　　　　  2.picture　本文义:v.　　　　　　　其他义:n.　　　　　　　  三、词块速记 1.in great need of 　　　　　  2.be pressed into action 　　　　　　  3.rather than 　　　　　  4.ahead of time 　　　　　  5.result in 　　　　　  四、经典句式背诵 It seems that,a few years ago,these creatures had suddenly escaped from their home five days before an earthquake struck their breeding ground.(It seems that...似乎) 句意:    五、长难句分析 The situation in Bangladesh has been worsened by rain water falling down from the surrounding hills of India’s Meghalaya state,which received more than 970 mm(38 inches) of rain on Sunday,according to a government report. 分析:本句是一个复合句。主句是 The situation in Bangladesh has been worsened by rain water;falling down from the surrounding hills of India’s Meghalaya state是作　　　　　　　的现在分词短语,修饰名词短语rain water,which引导　　　　　　　　　　　从句,补充说明印度梅加拉亚邦的降雨情况。  句意:    参考答案 Ⅰ.1.percent　2.destroyed　3.electricity　4.context　5.disasters Ⅱ.1.suffering　2.to　3.was destroyed　4.to supply　5.buried　6.to find　7.in Ⅲ.1.as if/though nothing had happened　2.The problem is not difficult to solve　3.too willing to help　4.Before the class comes to an end　5.how many times you fall down Ⅳ.Activity 1 1.are shocked to find　2.as if the world were coming to an end　3.their homes will be in ruins　4.spares no effort to help　5.efforts;the new home is not difficult/hard to rebuild Activity 2 Ladies and gentlemen, I feel greatly honored to deliver a speech here on natural disasters. We are shocked to find that many natural disasters happen every year,which causes damage to local people.Facing disasters,people feel as if the world were coming to an end.There is no doubt that people will go through many hardships and their homes will be in ruins.Luckily,the government spares no effort to help those who are suffering from disasters.At the same time,individuals give away foods,clothes and some daily necessities to the disaster-stricken areas.With joint efforts,the new home is not difficult/hard to rebuild. Thanks for your listening. Ⅴ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了孟加拉国遭遇了目前为止最严重的洪水,洪水造成了巨大灾害,以及目前的救助情况。 1.D　主旨大意题。根据第二段“On Wednesday,at least 17 of the country’s 64 districts,mostly in the northern and north-eastern Sylhet,were suffering from the natural disaster.Government officials said at least 36 people had been killed and about 4.5 million people stuck so far.The floods also caused damage to agriculture,electricity,and clean water supply.”可知,这一段从受灾地区数量、死亡人数和对农业造成的损害等方面详细介绍了洪水带来的破坏。故选D项。 2.A　细节理解题。根据第三段中“‘There is water everywhere but no drinking water.Flood shelters are filled with people but they are not getting enough food,’ he said.”可知,洪水避难所里缺乏食物,急需粮食。故选A项。 3.C　词句猜测题。根据第五段最后一句中“about 3.7 million of whom are staying in government-run temporary shelters on higher ground”可知,约370万人住在政府搭建的高地临时避难所,相反还有一部分人则被转移,被迫离开家园,故可推测动词displace意为“转移,离开家园”,与词组move away“搬到别处去”语义相似。故选C项。 4.C　推理判断题。根据最后一段“Locals in the flood-affected areas said they had never seen such serious floods before.”可知,这次洪水灾害是目前最严重的,即最大的。故选C项。 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章指出,未来重大火山灾害更可能源于鲜少被监测的休眠火山,分析了人们对休眠火山存在的认知偏见等问题。 5.B　推理判断题。根据第一段中“If a volcano hasn’t erupted for a long time,people often naturally consider it is safe.”以及第三段中“These biases create a dangerous problem:we only spend the most money after a disaster has already happened.”可知,大多数人认为休眠火山是安全的,从而导致灾后才投入资金的错误决策。故选B项。 6.A　词句猜测题。根据第四段画线词前文“We must prepare for volcanoes ahead of time...we can save thousands of people.”,再结合后文列举的三次火山喷发的案例可知,提前准备的措施让灾难得以避免。因此“avert”的意思是“避免、阻止”。故选A项。 7.B　推理判断题。根据最后一段中“This is where the greatest risks lie,and where even small amounts of money spent on monitoring,early warning and community preparedness could save the most lives.”可知,作者认为在火山监测上的投入成本低但价值高。故选B项。 8.D　主旨大意题。文章开篇点明未来重大火山灾害更可能来自鲜少被监测的休眠火山,随后分析了人们的认知偏见,最后提出应对措施。全文围绕“休眠火山存在巨大风险”展开。选项D “休眠火山可能存在巨大风险”适合用作标题。故选D项。 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了动物预测自然灾害的能力,特别是青蛙预测地震的能力。 9.B　推理判断题。根据第三段中“This discovery confused Dr Rachel Grant,who hadn’t set out to learn about frogs’ reactions to earthquakes,but to study the effect of the lunar cycle on them.”可知,Rachel Grant博士原本并非要研究青蛙对地震的反应,而是打算研究月相周期对青蛙的影响。因此她觉得对青蛙异常行为的这一发现是出乎意料的。故选B项。 10.A　推理判断题。根据第四段“Frogs are not the only creatures born with an unusual power to predict natural disasters.In 2004,elephants in Thailand made loud noises before the tsunami hit,while bats in Sri Lanka flew around in anxiety before the disaster.”可知,作者是通过列举2004年泰国的大象和斯里兰卡的蝙蝠的例子来写第四段的。故选A项。 11.D　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段内容可知,虽然大多数动物发出的预警都被人们忽视了,但有时也会得到重视,然后提到在海城地震前科学家根据猫狗的异常行为对市民进行疏散从而成功挽救市民的例子。因此,作者提到海城地震的目的是证明注意动物预警的好处。故选D项。 12.A　推理判断题。根据最后一段Daniel Mills教授的话可知,许多动物可以看见一些我们看不见的东西,听到一些我们听不到的声音,是因为它们有一种被称为电感知的能力,因此Daniel Mills教授的话主要是关于为什么动物能感知灾难。故选A项。 知识积累卡 一、1.投递,运送;交付,移交;发表,宣布;接生　投递,运送 2.技巧;戏法　难对付的,棘手的　3.灰烬　4.隔阂,差距 5.反应　反应　6.忽略 二、1.困住,使陷入困境　粘,贴;刺,插;伸出;卡住　2.想象　图片,照片 三、1.急需……　2.被迫行动　3.而不是　4.提前　5.导致 四、似乎是几年前,这些生物在地震袭击它们的繁殖地前五天突然逃离了家园。 五、后置定语　非限制性定语 根据一份政府报告,孟加拉国的情况因雨水从印度梅加拉亚邦周围的山上倾泻而下而恶化,该邦周日降雨量超过970毫米(38英寸)。 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $