精品解析：吉林长春市东北师范大学附属实验学校（经开）2025-2026学年八年级下学期期末考试英语试题

2025-2026学年度第二学期八年级英语学科 期末考试试卷 一、基础知识（共10分） I. 单项选择（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分） 从每小题所给的四个选项中，选出一个最佳答案。 1. We must teach our children to be polite to ________ elderly. A. an B. the C. a D. / 2. This TV program has a great effect ________ me. I have learned about many Chinese poems. A. to B. with C. for D. on 3. You won’t fully experience the culture of a foreign country ________ you go there in person. A. unless B. because C. when D. although 4. She has a great ________ for music. She can play many instruments. A. pain B. talent C. skill D. suggestion 5. My parents allow me ________ my own decision. They think I should learn to be independent. A. make B. making C. to make D. made 6. — The little boy keeps asking questions about the stars in the sky. —Yes, he is very ________ about space. A. curious B. careful C. serious D. worried 7. When my aunt ________ my home last Sunday, my family ________ dinner in the dining room. A. visit, cooks B. visited, was cooking C. visited, cooked D. visit, was cooking 8. — Have you seen the film Zootopia ________? — Yes. I have ________ seen it with my friends. A. yet; already B. already; already C. yet; yet D. already; yet 9. The questions sometimes were ________ and they made me ________. A. embarrassed; embarrassing B. embarrassed; embarrassed C. embarrassing; embarrassing D. embarrassing; embarrassed 10. —Miss Li, I always feel worried before exams. What should I do? —Learn to relax. This can help you ________ your pressure and keep calm. A. get across B. hear from C. deal with D. sign up 二、阅读（共50分） II. 完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读短文，掌握其大意，然后从每小题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。 Li Lin is a 23-year-old volunteer at the 19th Asian Games Hangzhou in 2023. He shared his experience on the Internet and felt ____11____. “I was only 8 years old ____12____ Beijing hosted the Summer Olympics in 2008. At that time when I was watching TV, I thought about ____13____ for the Olympics someday. 15 years later, my dream came true. I am so ____14____ to be a volunteer here.” He said holding such games was a great chance to make the world ____15____ China’s power and beauty. “Seeing the beautiful buildings and places, I am deeply touched by our country’s fast economic development. It’s hard not to be ____16____ of being a Chinese!” said Li Lin. Li Lin and his team worked on checking ____17____ for the games. In order to make sure everyone took the ____18____ seat to watch the games, he and his team had to face the hot weather outside and kept on working until everyone ____19____ and was seated. Li Lin and his ____20____ worked eight hours a day. For them, the work was hard because they received thousands of ____21____ every day. They always greeted people with warmth (温暖) and ____22____. They were ____23____ to help others. They thought that doing such volunteer work was a pleasure. “Volunteering is a fantastic ____24____. I get a lot of happiness from the job. I’ll do volunteer jobs again and ____25____ more people to join us in the future,” said Li Lin. 11. A. blue B. happy C. bored D. sad 12. A. what B. where C. when D. why 13. A. studying B. performing C. teaching D. working 14. A. scared B. crazy C. excited D. shy 15. A. notice B. agree C. attract D. receive 16. A. full B. proud C. worried D. helpful 17. A. tickets B. shows C. matches D. habits 18. A. busy B. total C. proper D. successful 19. A. came in B. shouted at C. went away D. ate out 20. A. parents B. classmates C. teachers D. teammates 21. A. students B. teachers C. parents D. visitors 22. A. kindness B. panic C. anger D. pressure 23. A. strict B. busy C. ready D. careless 24. A. experience B. stage C. diary D. environment 25. A. fill B. raise C. explore D. invite Ⅲ. 阅读理解（共30小题；26~50题，每小题1分；51~55题，每小题2分，满分35分） (A) Sunshine Youth Center First Aid Training Classes 3:00 pm~5:00 pm 20th and 27th May Accidents can happen to anyone at any time. Do you know what to do in the event of an accident? Our school will have first aid training classes for children aged between 12 and 19. Through the classes, you’ll be able to learn what to do during some medical emergencies, such as: You need to pay 5 dollars to buy the materials (材料) for the classes. Please book the classes a week earlier. For more information, please call Tina Smith at 698-8934. 根据短文和图表内容，选择最佳答案。 26. Who can take part in the first aid training classes? A. A thirteen-year-old student. B. An eight-year-old child. C. Your parents. D. A sick man. 27. You can learn how to deal with ________ after taking the classes. ①fire burns ②coughs ③nosebleeds ④high temperatures A. ①② B. ②③ C. ①④ D. ①③ 28. What can we learn about the classes? A. They are in June. B. They are free. C. Each class is two hours long. D. We can take them in a hospital. 29. What should you do if you want to take the classes? A. Bring some books. B. Pay five dollars for the materials. C. E-mail Tina Smith. D. Book them before May 27th. 30. Where can you probably find the reading material? A. In a travel magazine. B. In a science book. C. In a school newspaper. D. In a sports book. (B) Good gift-giving is welcome all over the world but it is not the same in different countries. Here are some examples. China has a long history of gift-giving culture. If you want to send others gifts there, you had better do it yourself and give your wishes face to face. In China, even if a gift is precious, the giver always has to tell the receiver that this expensive gift is just “a little gift”. And if you receive a gift from a Chinese friend, it is not polite to open it in front of the giver. Unlike in China, when you receive a gift in Japan, you must open it in front of the giver. Whether you like it or not, you must praise the gift to show you like it very much. In this way, both the receiver and the giver will be happy. No other countries could take gift-giving as seriously as Japan. Gift-givers often pack gifts in white paper. They use white paper to keep dirty things out so that the gift is clean. Italians usually do not bring gifts when they visit others. They send gifts the next day or even later. It is to show respect and can help the givers choose right gifts. Usually candies and wine (酒) are popular gifts. Chocolate is also a good choice. In Italy, a handkerchief (手帕) is not welcome as a gift. A handkerchief is the symbol of saying goodbye. 31. What does the underlined word “precious” mean? A. poor B. valuable C. magical D. boring 32. Which paragraph is about Japanese gift-giving? A. Paragraph 1. B. Paragraph 2. C. Paragraph 3. D. Paragraph4. 33. If you want to send your Italian friend a gift, you can send all the following things EXCEPT ________. A. a handkerchief B. chocolate C. candies D. wine 34. What can we learn from the passage? A. Japanese people like opening a gift after the giver leaves. B. Chinese people always like giving a little gift to each other. C. In Italy, people send gifts to their friends the day before the party. D. To keep dirty things away, Japanese people use white paper to pack gifts. 35. What is the best title for the passage? A. Experiences of Gift-receiving in China B. Making Different Gifts for Different People C. Gift-giving Traditions in Different Countries D. Experiences of Gift-buying in Foreign Countries (C) When summer comes, it brings high temperatures and more sunlight. Fujian uses a three-tier (三级) warning system. A yellow warning means the temperature is over 35℃, orange is over 37℃, and red is for over 40℃. Too much sunlight hurts people. Then how can we keep safe in such hot weather? Here are some ways. Have the right food and drinks. What’s the best to eat in summer? Fresh and light food like chicken, fish and eggs. Also, eat more fruit and vegetables. When the temperature is high, what’s the best drink? Milk, juice, or water? Water, of course. No other drinks could take the place of it. Protect your skin (皮肤). Lots of people get sunburn every summer. Sunburn makes your skin red and painful. Here are 2 ways to protect your skin. First, try to stay indoors between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m.. Second, use sunscreen (防晒霜) to keep you from strong sunlight. Dress in the right way. Light-coloured clothes can help keep you cool. Remember to wear a hat and sunglasses to keep your head and eyes from the sun. Try not to look directly at the sun. The sun is very bright and it can hurt your eyes. Sunglasses are dark. They let only a little light go into your eyes. In a word, look after yourselves and enjoy the summer days safely! 根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。 36. If you see a red warning in Fujian, the temperature there may be ________. A. 42℃ B. 38℃ C. 36℃ D. 34℃ 37. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to (指代) ? A. Milk B. Juice C. Water D. Fruit 38. What can we know from paragraphs 3 and 4? A. Sunscreen helps to protect skin. B. Dark coats and trousers keep us cool. C. Sunscreen is not a must if we wear hats. D. Hats and sunglasses make us look bright. 39. What is the best structure (结构) of the text? (①= Paragraph 1…) A. B. C. D. 40. What can be the best title for the text? A. Hot Summer in Fujian B. Enjoy the Sunlight C. Ways of Protecting Eyes D. Stay Safe in Summer (D) China is making big efforts to help people control their weight and live healthier lives. The government (政府) has already started a three-year “Weight Management Year” plan to fight obesity (肥胖) . Obesity can cause serious health problems like heart disease (疾病). Here’s what you should know about the plan. First, it’s important to check your BMI (身体质量指数). For adults, a healthy BMI is between 18.5 and 23.9. If your BMI is between 24 and 27.9, you are a little heavy. A BMI of 28 or more means you are overweight. For exercise, try to do 150-300 minutes of activities like walking, riding bikes, or dancing every week. If you sit for long when studying, remember to stand up and move around for a few minutes every hour. Exercise is very important, and taking a rest is just as important! When it comes to food, pick healthy choices like brown rice, fresh vegetables, and high-protein foods such as fish, chicken, and beans. Don’t eat junk food or sugary snacks, and also eat less salt and oil. Interestingly, this three-year plan recommends some of the popular local foods from different parts of China, showing that healthy eating may still be delicious. Follow the “vegetables first” eating method. Try to eat vegetables first, then meat, and finally rice or bread during a meal to control how much you eat. This way of eating helps your stomach feel full with low-calorie (低卡路里) foods, so you have less space for others. Remember, losing weight isn’t about being perfect—just start with small changes, like drinking water instead of sweet drinks. Everyone can have a healthier future. 根据短文内容，判断句子正（T）、误（F）。 41. Obesity can lead to many health problems. 42. An adult with the BMI of 20 is healthy. 43. Doing exercise is more important than taking a rest. 44. The “Weight Management Year” plan shows healthy eating can not be delicious. 45. The “vegetables first” eating method can be a good way to control how much we eat. (E) There was an earthquake this morning in our city. It was not serious, but people were still afraid, and someone even jumped out of the window. Where were the people? ____46____ Let’s read some stories together. Running out of the bookstore I was in a bookstore when the earthquake happened. ____47____ I didn’t know what happened. My father pulled my mother and me out of the bookstore at once. ____48____ Mr Lee was having a maths lesson. Suddenly, his chalk box fell onto the floor. Mr Lee shouted at us, “Get out of the classroom to the playground!” He made sure that all of us were out of the building before he left. Helping the patients When the earthquake happened, there were a lot of people there. Those who could move ran away quickly. What about the patients who couldn’t move? ____49____ Stopping the football game ____50____ Our school team was about to win. Suddenly we felt the shake. The referee stopped the game at once, and we were led out of the football field. 阅读短文，把A-E五个句子填入文中空缺处，使短文内容完整。 A. I was watching a game when it happened. B. When I was reading, the floor shook suddenly. C. Getting out of the classroom D. All the doctors, nurses and some kind people came to help them. E. What were they doing at the time of the earthquake? (F) Every year, our school holds a talent show, and it’s always the most exciting event of the year. Students from different grades show their special talents on stage. This year, the topic of the talent show was dreams. They encouraged us to follow our passions (热爱). I took part in two competitions this year, dancing and cosplay (角色扮演). For the dancing competition, I joined a team. Our team had six boys. We are all crazy about street dance and have practiced together for months. When the music started playing, we felt both nervous and excited. We moved perfectly with the rhythm, and soon all the students and teachers began cheering for us. In the end, our team did a wonderful job and won first prize! We were so proud of ourselves. More importantly, we learned how to work as a team. For me, that was the most valuable lesson from the competition. The cosplay competition was the most popular part of the talent show. Students could dress up as any characters they liked, from movie heroes to cartoon stars. Although it was our first time joining such a competition, we decided to give it our best shot. When we walked onto the stage, my heart beat fast and my hands shook. I felt so nervous. Later, we made a small mistake during our performance, so we didn’t win any prize. We felt a little sad, but we didn’t give up. We promised to practice harder for the next year’s show. Through these experiences, I learned winning isn’t everything. Everyone should have a dream. So if you want to do something you like, just go for it! 根据短文内容，回答下列问题。 51. What is the topic of this year’s talent show? ____________________________________________________ 52. How many boys are there in the writer’s dancing team? ____________________________________________________ 53. What was the most valuable lesson from the dancing competition for the writer? ____________________________________________________ 54. How did the writer feel when walking onto the cosplay stage? ____________________________________________________ 55. What did the writer promise to do for the next year’s show? ____________________________________________________ 三、语言运用（共10分） Ⅳ. 短文填空（共10小题；每小题 1分，满分 10分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Yellow River is one of the most amazing natural wonders in China. In the hearts of ____56____ (China) people, it is regarded as the mother river. The river is expected to play a more important role in our country’s ____57____ (develop). The river got its name Huanghe in Chinese ____58____ its water is yellow. When the river runs through the Loess Plateau (黄土高原), it ____59____ (real) carries lots of yellow sand into the water. Starting from Qinghai Province in northwestern China, the Yellow River runs from the mountains ____60____ the sea. It runs through a lot of places before ____61____ (run) into the Bohai Sea. The 5,464-kilometre-long river feeds about 12% of China’s population and provides water for more than sixty ____62____ (city). So far, our country ____63____ (make) great efforts in the environmental protection of the river. Each year over 400 million tons of sand is prevented from being washed into it. Our mother river has become much ____64____ (clear) than before. Therefore, we should take practical action to protect the Yellow River by ____65____ (we). 四、书面表达（20分） V. （A）（满分5分） 66. 在共建“一带一路”倡议深入推进的背景下，为进一步深化中厄教育文化交流，一批来自厄瓜多尔姊妹学校的外国学生将到你校参观交流。为此，学校现招募英语志愿者。假如你是李华，请根据下面要点和要求，用英语写一封不少于40词的自荐信。 要点： 1. 表达意愿； 2. 介绍优势； 3. 表达期望。 要求：要点齐全；表达通顺；简洁得体。 Dear Sir or Madam, _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua （B）（满分15分） 67. 一本好书，如同成长路上的明灯，充实思想、启迪心灵。学校校报读书板块正在进行以“My Favorite Book”为题的英文征文活动。请你写一篇不少于100词的短文，以此向大家推荐你最喜欢的一本书。 要求： （1）介绍书名、作者、书的类型等基本信息； （2）简要概述该书的主要内容； （3）表达你喜欢并推荐这本书的理由； （4）文中不能出现考生的真实姓名和校名。 My Favorite Book ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2025-2026学年度第二学期八年级英语学科 期末考试试卷 一、基础知识（共10分） I. 单项选择（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分） 从每小题所给的四个选项中，选出一个最佳答案。 1. We must teach our children to be polite to ________ elderly. A. an B. the C. a D. / 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：我们必须教育我们的孩子对老年人要有礼貌。 an一个；the这/那；a一个；/不填。“the+形容词”可用于表示一类人，elderly是形容词，此处the elderly表示“老年人”这一类群体。 2. This TV program has a great effect ________ me. I have learned about many Chinese poems. A. to B. with C. for D. on 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：这个电视节目对我影响很大。我学到了很多中国诗歌。 to到；with和；for为了；on在……上。固定短语have an effect on 意为“对……有影响”。应填on。 3. You won’t fully experience the culture of a foreign country ________ you go there in person. A. unless B. because C. when D. although 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：除非你亲自前往，否则你无法充分体验外国的文化。 考查unless引导条件状语从句。unless除非；because因为；when当……时候；although尽管。根据“You won’t fully experience the culture of a foreign country...you go there in person.”可知，亲自前往是充分体验外国文化的前提条件，unless引导条件状语从句，故选A。 4. She has a great ________ for music. She can play many instruments. A. pain B. talent C. skill D. suggestion 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：她在音乐方面有很大的天赋。她能演奏许多乐器。 pain疼痛；talent天赋；skill技能；suggestion建议。根据“She can play many instruments.”可知她具备音乐方面的才能，固定搭配have a talent for意为“有……的天赋”。 5. My parents allow me ________ my own decision. They think I should learn to be independent. A. make B. making C. to make D. made 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：我的父母允许我自己做决定。他们认为我应该学会独立。 allow意为“允许”，固定搭配allow sb. to do sth.表示“允许某人做某事”，此处需要不定式作宾语补足语，应填to make。 6. — The little boy keeps asking questions about the stars in the sky. —Yes, he is very ________ about space. A. curious B. careful C. serious D. worried 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：——这个小男孩一直在问关于天空中星星的问题。——是的，他对太空非常好奇。 考查形容词辨析。curious好奇的；careful认真的；serious严肃的；worried担忧的。根据“The little boy keeps asking questions about the stars in the sky.”可说明小男孩对太空非常好奇。故选A。 7. When my aunt ________ my home last Sunday, my family ________ dinner in the dining room. A. visit, cooks B. visited, was cooking C. visited, cooked D. visit, was cooking 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：上周日当我姑姑拜访我家时，我的家人正在餐厅做晚饭。 第一空根据“last Sunday”可知，是描述过去的动作，需用一般过去时，应填visited；第二空表示过去某个时间点正在进行的动作，需用过去进行时，应填was cooking。 8. — Have you seen the film Zootopia ________? — Yes. I have ________ seen it with my friends. A. yet; already B. already; already C. yet; yet D. already; yet 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：——你已经看过电影《疯狂动物城》了吗？——是的。我已经和朋友看过它了。 yet还，通常用于疑问句或否定句句末；already已经，通常用于肯定句句中。根据第一句是疑问句且所填词位于句末，可知第一空填yet；根据第二句是肯定句且所填词位于have和seen之间，可知第二空填 already。 9. The questions sometimes were ________ and they made me ________. A. embarrassed; embarrassing B. embarrassed; embarrassed C. embarrassing; embarrassing D. embarrassing; embarrassed 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：这些问题有时令人尴尬，它们让我感到尴尬。 embarrassing令人尴尬的，修饰物；embarrassed感到尴尬的，修饰人。第一空修饰questions，指物，应用embarrassing；第二空修饰me，指人，应用embarrassed。 10. —Miss Li, I always feel worried before exams. What should I do? —Learn to relax. This can help you ________ your pressure and keep calm. A. get across B. hear from C. deal with D. sign up 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：——李老师，考试前我总是感到焦虑。我该怎么办？——学会放松。这可以帮助你应对压力并保持冷静。 get across被理解；hear from收到……的来信；deal with应对；sign up报名。根据上文“feel worried before exams”可知学生面临考试压力，建议放松是为了帮助“应对”压力，符合语境。 二、阅读（共50分） II. 完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读短文，掌握其大意，然后从每小题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。 Li Lin is a 23-year-old volunteer at the 19th Asian Games Hangzhou in 2023. He shared his experience on the Internet and felt ____11____. “I was only 8 years old ____12____ Beijing hosted the Summer Olympics in 2008. At that time when I was watching TV, I thought about ____13____ for the Olympics someday. 15 years later, my dream came true. I am so ____14____ to be a volunteer here.” He said holding such games was a great chance to make the world ____15____ China’s power and beauty. “Seeing the beautiful buildings and places, I am deeply touched by our country’s fast economic development. It’s hard not to be ____16____ of being a Chinese!” said Li Lin. Li Lin and his team worked on checking ____17____ for the games. In order to make sure everyone took the ____18____ seat to watch the games, he and his team had to face the hot weather outside and kept on working until everyone ____19____ and was seated. Li Lin and his ____20____ worked eight hours a day. For them, the work was hard because they received thousands of ____21____ every day. They always greeted people with warmth (温暖) and ____22____. They were ____23____ to help others. They thought that doing such volunteer work was a pleasure. “Volunteering is a fantastic ____24____. I get a lot of happiness from the job. I’ll do volunteer jobs again and ____25____ more people to join us in the future,” said Li Lin. 11. A. blue B. happy C. bored D. sad 12. A. what B. where C. when D. why 13. A. studying B. performing C. teaching D. working 14. A. scared B. crazy C. excited D. shy 15. A. notice B. agree C. attract D. receive 16. A. full B. proud C. worried D. helpful 17. A. tickets B. shows C. matches D. habits 18. A. busy B. total C. proper D. successful 19. A. came in B. shouted at C. went away D. ate out 20. A. parents B. classmates C. teachers D. teammates 21. A. students B. teachers C. parents D. visitors 22. A. kindness B. panic C. anger D. pressure 23. A. strict B. busy C. ready D. careless 24. A. experience B. stage C. diary D. environment 25. A. fill B. raise C. explore D. invite 【答案】11. B 12. C 13. D 14. C 15. A 16. B 17. A 18. C 19. A 20. D 21. D 22. A 23. C 24. A 25. D 【解析】 【导语】本文讲述2023年杭州亚运会志愿者李林从8岁梦想为奥运会服务，到23岁梦想成真，分享志愿经历与感悟的故事。 【11题详解】 句意：他在网上分享了自己的经历，感到很开心。 根据后文“my dream came true”可知，梦想成真让他感到高兴。应选用happy，表示“开心的”。blue“忧郁的”、bored“无聊的”、sad“悲伤的”，均不符合。 【12题详解】 句意：2008年北京举办夏季奥运会时，我只有8岁。 根据句子结构，此处需要时间状语从句引导词，表示“当……的时候”。应选用when。what“什么”、where“哪里”、why“为什么”，均不符合。 【13题详解】 句意：那时我在看电视时，就在想将来有一天为奥运会工作。 根据后文“my dream came true…to be a volunteer here（成为一名志愿者）”可知，志愿者是一种工作。因此他当时想的是“为奥运会工作”。应选用working，表示“工作”。studying“学习”、performing“表演”、teaching“教学”，均不符合。 【14题详解】 句意：能在这里当志愿者我太兴奋了。 根据“my dream came true”可知，梦想成真时的心情应为兴奋。应选用excited，表示“兴奋的”。scared“害怕的”、crazy“疯狂的”（语气过重）、shy“害羞的”，均不符合。 【15题详解】 句意：他说举办这样的比赛是让世界注意到中国的实力与美丽的好机会。 根据“China’s power and beauty”可知，举办赛事是为了让世界看到中国。应选用notice，表示“注意到”。agree“同意”、attract“吸引”、receive“接收”，均不符合。 【16题详解】 句意：作为一个中国人很难不感到自豪。 根据对祖国发展的感动，自然感到自豪。应选用proud，构成固定搭配be proud of“为……自豪”。full“满的”、worried“担心的”、helpful“有帮助的”，均不符合。 【17题详解】 句意：李林和他的团队负责检查比赛的票。 根据后文“make sure everyone took the...seat to watch the games”可知，他们检查的是票。应选用tickets，表示“票”。shows“演出”、matches“比赛”、habits“习惯”，均不合理。 【18题详解】 句意：为了确保每个人都坐到合适的位置观看比赛。 根据“the...seat”及检票职责，应确保座位对号入座。应选用proper，表示“合适的”。busy“忙碌的”、total“总计的”、successful“成功的”，均不符合。 【19题详解】 句意：一直工作到每个人都进入并就座。 根据“and was seated”可知，观众需要先入场再入座。应选用came in，表示“进入”。shouted at“朝……喊”、went away“走开”、ate out“外出吃饭”，均不合理。 【20题详解】 句意：李林和他的队友们每天工作八小时。 根据前文“Li Lin and his team”可知，与他一起工作的是队友。应选用teammates，表示“队友”。parents“父母”、classmates“同学”、teachers“老师”，均不符合。 【21题详解】 句意：他们每天接待成千上万的访客。 根据志愿者工作内容，他们服务的是来观看比赛的访客。应选用visitors，表示“访客”。students“学生”、teachers“教师”、parents“家长”，均不准确。 【22题详解】 句意：他们总是带着温暖和善意问候人们。 根据志愿者服务的宗旨，态度应是友善的。应选用kindness，表示“善意”。panic“恐慌”、anger“愤怒”、pressure“压力”，均不符合。 【23题详解】 句意：他们随时准备帮助他人。 “be ready to do”表示“准备好做某事”。应选用ready。strict“严格的”、busy“忙碌的”、careless“粗心的”，均不符合。 【24题详解】 句意：志愿活动是一次奇妙的经历。 根据上文“shared his experience”可知，他把做志愿者视为一段经历。应选用experience，表示“经历”。stage“舞台”、diary“日记”、environment“环境”，均不合理。 【25题详解】 句意：我将再次做志愿工作，并邀请更多人在未来加入我们。 根据“more people to join us”，应用invite表示“邀请”。fill“填满”、raise“提高/筹集”、explore“探索”，均不符合。 Ⅲ. 阅读理解（共30小题；26~50题，每小题1分；51~55题，每小题2分，满分35分） (A) Sunshine Youth Center First Aid Training Classes 3:00 pm~5:00 pm 20th and 27th May Accidents can happen to anyone at any time. Do you know what to do in the event of an accident? Our school will have first aid training classes for children aged between 12 and 19. Through the classes, you’ll be able to learn what to do during some medical emergencies, such as: You need to pay 5 dollars to buy the materials (材料) for the classes. Please book the classes a week earlier. For more information, please call Tina Smith at 698-8934. 根据短文和图表内容，选择最佳答案。 26. Who can take part in the first aid training classes? A. A thirteen-year-old student. B. An eight-year-old child. C. Your parents. D. A sick man. 27. You can learn how to deal with ________ after taking the classes. ①fire burns ②coughs ③nosebleeds ④high temperatures A. ①② B. ②③ C. ①④ D. ①③ 28. What can we learn about the classes? A. They are in June. B. They are free. C. Each class is two hours long. D. We can take them in a hospital. 29. What should you do if you want to take the classes? A. Bring some books. B. Pay five dollars for the materials. C. E-mail Tina Smith. D. Book them before May 27th. 30. Where can you probably find the reading material? A. In a travel magazine. B. In a science book. C. In a school newspaper. D. In a sports book. 【答案】26. A 27. D 28. C 29. B 30. C 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍阳光青少年中心急救培训课的上课时间、招收年龄、教授急救项目、报名要求与咨询方式。 【26题详解】 第一段中间给出报名年龄要求：“Our school will have first aid training classes for children aged between 12and 19.”，13岁学生符合年龄范围。 【27题详解】 第一段列举培训内容板块：包含Burns，Bleeding（出血，对应 nosebleeds 流鼻血），文中没有提到咳嗽、高温处理相关内容，因此①③正确。 【28题详解】 文章顶部标注课程时段：“3:00 pm~5:00 pm”，单次课程时长为两小时，依据原文时间信息可判断C选项正确。 【29题详解】 倒数第二段写明费用要求：“You need to pay 5 dollars to buy the materials for the classes.”，原文直接说明需要支付5美元购买课程材料。 【30题详解】 整篇文本是学校发布的急救课程通知，面向校内学生，由此推断该材料最可能出现在校报上，属于根据文本场景推理得出。 (B) Good gift-giving is welcome all over the world but it is not the same in different countries. Here are some examples. China has a long history of gift-giving culture. If you want to send others gifts there, you had better do it yourself and give your wishes face to face. In China, even if a gift is precious, the giver always has to tell the receiver that this expensive gift is just “a little gift”. And if you receive a gift from a Chinese friend, it is not polite to open it in front of the giver. Unlike in China, when you receive a gift in Japan, you must open it in front of the giver. Whether you like it or not, you must praise the gift to show you like it very much. In this way, both the receiver and the giver will be happy. No other countries could take gift-giving as seriously as Japan. Gift-givers often pack gifts in white paper. They use white paper to keep dirty things out so that the gift is clean. Italians usually do not bring gifts when they visit others. They send gifts the next day or even later. It is to show respect and can help the givers choose right gifts. Usually candies and wine (酒) are popular gifts. Chocolate is also a good choice. In Italy, a handkerchief (手帕) is not welcome as a gift. A handkerchief is the symbol of saying goodbye. 31. What does the underlined word “precious” mean? A. poor B. valuable C. magical D. boring 32. Which paragraph is about Japanese gift-giving? A. Paragraph 1. B. Paragraph 2. C. Paragraph 3. D. Paragraph4. 33. If you want to send your Italian friend a gift, you can send all the following things EXCEPT ________. A. a handkerchief B. chocolate C. candies D. wine 34. What can we learn from the passage? A. Japanese people like opening a gift after the giver leaves. B. Chinese people always like giving a little gift to each other. C. In Italy, people send gifts to their friends the day before the party. D. To keep dirty things away, Japanese people use white paper to pack gifts. 35. What is the best title for the passage? A. Experiences of Gift-receiving in China B. Making Different Gifts for Different People C. Gift-giving Traditions in Different Countries D. Experiences of Gift-buying in Foreign Countries 【答案】31. B 32. C 33. A 34. D 35. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国、日本、意大利三个国家各不相同的送礼习俗。 【31题详解】 根据第二段中“even if a gift is precious... this expensive gift”可知，precious与expensive（昂贵的）对应，意为“珍贵的/贵重的”，与B选项valuable同义。A选项“贫穷的”、C选项“神奇的”、D选项“无聊的”均不符合语境。 【32题详解】 文章共有四段：第一段为引言，第二段讲中国，第三段开头提到“Unlike in China, when you receive a gift in Japan...”，可知关于日本送礼习俗的内容在第三段。 【33题详解】 根据第四段关于意大利的描述中“In Italy, a handkerchief is not welcome as a gift.”可知，手帕是不受欢迎的礼物，其他选项（巧克力、糖果、酒）均为受欢迎的礼物。 【34题详解】 根据第三段中“Gift-givers often pack gifts in white paper. They use white paper to keep dirty things out so that the gift is clean.”可知，日本人用白纸包装礼物隔绝脏东西，D选项表述正确；A选项与原文“open it in front of the giver”相反；B选项误解了中国人称贵重礼物为“小礼物”的谦辞；C选项时间错误，原文是“the next day or even later”。 【35题详解】 文章首段提出不同国家送礼习俗不同，随后分别介绍了中国、日本和意大利的送礼传统，C选项“Gift-giving Traditions in Different Countries（不同国家的送礼习俗）”最适合作为本文的标题。 (C) When summer comes, it brings high temperatures and more sunlight. Fujian uses a three-tier (三级) warning system. A yellow warning means the temperature is over 35℃, orange is over 37℃, and red is for over 40℃. Too much sunlight hurts people. Then how can we keep safe in such hot weather? Here are some ways. Have the right food and drinks. What’s the best to eat in summer? Fresh and light food like chicken, fish and eggs. Also, eat more fruit and vegetables. When the temperature is high, what’s the best drink? Milk, juice, or water? Water, of course. No other drinks could take the place of it. Protect your skin (皮肤). Lots of people get sunburn every summer. Sunburn makes your skin red and painful. Here are 2 ways to protect your skin. First, try to stay indoors between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m.. Second, use sunscreen (防晒霜) to keep you from strong sunlight. Dress in the right way. Light-coloured clothes can help keep you cool. Remember to wear a hat and sunglasses to keep your head and eyes from the sun. Try not to look directly at the sun. The sun is very bright and it can hurt your eyes. Sunglasses are dark. They let only a little light go into your eyes. In a word, look after yourselves and enjoy the summer days safely! 根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。 36. If you see a red warning in Fujian, the temperature there may be ________. A. 42℃ B. 38℃ C. 36℃ D. 34℃ 37. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to (指代) ? A. Milk B. Juice C. Water D. Fruit 38. What can we know from paragraphs 3 and 4? A. Sunscreen helps to protect skin. B. Dark coats and trousers keep us cool. C. Sunscreen is not a must if we wear hats. D. Hats and sunglasses make us look bright. 39. What is the best structure (结构) of the text? (①= Paragraph 1…) A. B. C. D. 40. What can be the best title for the text? A. Hot Summer in Fujian B. Enjoy the Sunlight C. Ways of Protecting Eyes D. Stay Safe in Summer 【答案】36. A 37. C 38. A 39. A 40. D 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍福建高温三级预警标准，并从饮食、皮肤防护、穿衣三个方面，讲解夏季高温天气下保障自身安全的方法。 【36题详解】 第一段给出预警标准：red is for over 40℃，红色预警代表气温超过40℃，选项中42℃符合该范围。 【37题详解】 第二段说明饮品内容：Water, of course. No other drinks could take the place of it，此处it指代前文提到的water。 【38题详解】 第三段介绍护肤方法：use sunscreen to keep you from strong sunlight，由此可知防晒霜能够保护皮肤。 【39题详解】 文章结构分析：第一段引出夏季高温安全话题，第二、三、四段分别介绍饮食、护肤、穿衣三类安全方法，第五段总结全文，属于总—分—总结构，对应树形图①总起，②③④分述，⑤总结。 【40题详解】 第一段抛出核心问题：Then how can we keep safe in such hot weather? 后文全部围绕夏季高温安全防护方法展开，因此最佳标题为Stay Safe in Summer。 (D) China is making big efforts to help people control their weight and live healthier lives. The government (政府) has already started a three-year “Weight Management Year” plan to fight obesity (肥胖) . Obesity can cause serious health problems like heart disease (疾病). Here’s what you should know about the plan. First, it’s important to check your BMI (身体质量指数). For adults, a healthy BMI is between 18.5 and 23.9. If your BMI is between 24 and 27.9, you are a little heavy. A BMI of 28 or more means you are overweight. For exercise, try to do 150-300 minutes of activities like walking, riding bikes, or dancing every week. If you sit for long when studying, remember to stand up and move around for a few minutes every hour. Exercise is very important, and taking a rest is just as important! When it comes to food, pick healthy choices like brown rice, fresh vegetables, and high-protein foods such as fish, chicken, and beans. Don’t eat junk food or sugary snacks, and also eat less salt and oil. Interestingly, this three-year plan recommends some of the popular local foods from different parts of China, showing that healthy eating may still be delicious. Follow the “vegetables first” eating method. Try to eat vegetables first, then meat, and finally rice or bread during a meal to control how much you eat. This way of eating helps your stomach feel full with low-calorie (低卡路里) foods, so you have less space for others. Remember, losing weight isn’t about being perfect—just start with small changes, like drinking water instead of sweet drinks. Everyone can have a healthier future. 根据短文内容，判断句子正（T）、误（F）。 41. Obesity can lead to many health problems. 42. An adult with the BMI of 20 is healthy. 43. Doing exercise is more important than taking a rest. 44. The “Weight Management Year” plan shows healthy eating can not be delicious. 45. The “vegetables first” eating method can be a good way to control how much we eat. 【答案】41. T 42. T 43. F 44. F 45. T 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍我国推出三年“体重管理年”计划来对抗肥胖，从BMI健康标准、运动要求、健康饮食方式三方面讲解科学控重、保持健康生活的相关知识。 【41题详解】 第一段提到：Obesity can cause serious health problems like heart disease，这直接说明肥胖会引发许多健康问题。 【42题详解】 第二段给出标准：For adults, a healthy BMI is between 18.5 and 23.9，BMI数值20处于18.5至23.9区间内，因此该成年人的身体质量指数属于健康范围。 【43题详解】 第三段表明观点：Exercise is very important, and taking a rest is just as important!，这句话说明运动和休息同等重要，并非运动比休息更重要。 【44题详解】 第四段说明内容：showing that healthy eating may still be delicious，这表明健康饮食也可以很美味，和题干表述相反。 【45题详解】 第四段介绍吃法：Try to eat vegetables first...to control how much you eat，这种“先吃蔬菜”的进餐方式能够帮助控制进食总量，是控制食量的好方法。 (E) There was an earthquake this morning in our city. It was not serious, but people were still afraid, and someone even jumped out of the window. Where were the people? ____46____ Let’s read some stories together. Running out of the bookstore I was in a bookstore when the earthquake happened. ____47____ I didn’t know what happened. My father pulled my mother and me out of the bookstore at once. ____48____ Mr Lee was having a maths lesson. Suddenly, his chalk box fell onto the floor. Mr Lee shouted at us, “Get out of the classroom to the playground!” He made sure that all of us were out of the building before he left. Helping the patients When the earthquake happened, there were a lot of people there. Those who could move ran away quickly. What about the patients who couldn’t move? ____49____ Stopping the football game ____50____ Our school team was about to win. Suddenly we felt the shake. The referee stopped the game at once, and we were led out of the football field. 阅读短文，把A-E五个句子填入文中空缺处，使短文内容完整。 A. I was watching a game when it happened. B. When I was reading, the floor shook suddenly. C. Getting out of the classroom D. All the doctors, nurses and some kind people came to help them. E. What were they doing at the time of the earthquake? 【答案】46. E 47. B 48. C 49. D 50. A 【解析】 【导语】本文通过几个不同场景的故事，讲述了地震发生时人们在不同地方的活动以及他们的应对方式。 【46题详解】 上文提到人们在哪里，下文说让我们一起读一些故事。E项“What were they doing at the time of the earthquake?”（地震发生时他们在做什么？）承接上文“人在哪里”，引出下文具体故事。 【47题详解】 上文提到地震发生时我在书店，下文说我不知道发生了什么。B项“When I was reading, the floor shook suddenly.”（当我正在阅读时，地板突然摇晃起来）具体描述在书店时的活动，与下文“不知道发生了什么”形成先后顺序。 【48题详解】 上文提到父亲拉我和母亲跑出书店，下文讲述李先生在上数学课时的应对。C项“Getting out of the classroom”（离开教室）作为该故事的小标题，与下文具体情节“李老师让学生离开教室”形成呼应。 【49题详解】 上文提到不能动的病人怎么办，空处需填入该问题的具体应对措施，D项“All the doctors, nurses and some kind people came to help them.”（所有医生、护士和一些善良的人来帮助他们）直接回答上文问题，与“不能动的病人”形成因果衔接。 【50题详解】 上文提到停止足球比赛，下文说校队即将获胜时突然感到摇晃。A项“I was watching a game when it happened.”（地震发生时我正在观看比赛）作为该故事开头，与下文“校队即将获胜”形成具体场景衔接。 (F) Every year, our school holds a talent show, and it’s always the most exciting event of the year. Students from different grades show their special talents on stage. This year, the topic of the talent show was dreams. They encouraged us to follow our passions (热爱). I took part in two competitions this year, dancing and cosplay (角色扮演). For the dancing competition, I joined a team. Our team had six boys. We are all crazy about street dance and have practiced together for months. When the music started playing, we felt both nervous and excited. We moved perfectly with the rhythm, and soon all the students and teachers began cheering for us. In the end, our team did a wonderful job and won first prize! We were so proud of ourselves. More importantly, we learned how to work as a team. For me, that was the most valuable lesson from the competition. The cosplay competition was the most popular part of the talent show. Students could dress up as any characters they liked, from movie heroes to cartoon stars. Although it was our first time joining such a competition, we decided to give it our best shot. When we walked onto the stage, my heart beat fast and my hands shook. I felt so nervous. Later, we made a small mistake during our performance, so we didn’t win any prize. We felt a little sad, but we didn’t give up. We promised to practice harder for the next year’s show. Through these experiences, I learned winning isn’t everything. Everyone should have a dream. So if you want to do something you like, just go for it! 根据短文内容，回答下列问题。 51. What is the topic of this year’s talent show? ____________________________________________________ 52. How many boys are there in the writer’s dancing team? ____________________________________________________ 53. What was the most valuable lesson from the dancing competition for the writer? ____________________________________________________ 54. How did the writer feel when walking onto the cosplay stage? ____________________________________________________ 55. What did the writer promise to do for the next year’s show? ____________________________________________________ 【答案】51. Dreams. 52. Six. 53. How to work as a team. 54. He/She felt nervous. 55. He/She promised to practice harder. 【解析】 【导语】本文主要讲述作者参加学校以“梦想”为主题的才艺秀，分别参与街舞比赛和cosplay比赛的经历与感悟。 【51题详解】 首段明确写明“This year, the topic of the talent show was dreams.”，主题信息可直接从原文提取。 【52题详解】 第二段给出句子“I joined a team. Our team had six boys.”，队伍人数是原文给出的具体数字，直接摘抄即可。 【53题详解】 第二段末尾提到“More importantly, we learned how to work as a team. For me, that was the most valuable lesson from the competition.”，答案直接取自原文这句话。 【54题详解】 第三段描述“When we walked onto the stage, my heart beat fast and my hands shook. I felt so nervous.”，登台时的感受是原文直接给出的细节。 【55题详解】 第三段最后一句“We promised to practice harder for the next year’s show.”，承诺的内容为原文原句，直接提取作答。 三、语言运用（共10分） Ⅳ. 短文填空（共10小题；每小题 1分，满分 10分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Yellow River is one of the most amazing natural wonders in China. In the hearts of ____56____ (China) people, it is regarded as the mother river. The river is expected to play a more important role in our country’s ____57____ (develop). The river got its name Huanghe in Chinese ____58____ its water is yellow. When the river runs through the Loess Plateau (黄土高原), it ____59____ (real) carries lots of yellow sand into the water. Starting from Qinghai Province in northwestern China, the Yellow River runs from the mountains ____60____ the sea. It runs through a lot of places before ____61____ (run) into the Bohai Sea. The 5,464-kilometre-long river feeds about 12% of China’s population and provides water for more than sixty ____62____ (city). So far, our country ____63____ (make) great efforts in the environmental protection of the river. Each year over 400 million tons of sand is prevented from being washed into it. Our mother river has become much ____64____ (clear) than before. Therefore, we should take practical action to protect the Yellow River by ____65____ (we). 【答案】56. Chinese 57. development 58. because 59. really 60. to 61. running 62. cities 63. has made 64. clearer 65. ourselves 【解析】 【导语】本文介绍黄河是中国的母亲河，讲述黄河名称由来、流经路线，同时说明我国为黄河生态保护付出的努力，并呼吁我们自觉保护黄河。 【56题详解】 句意：在中国人民心中，它被视作母亲河。空格后为名词people，需用形容词修饰名词，China的形容词形式Chinese表示“中国的”，符合语境。 【57题详解】 句意：这条河流有望在我国的发展中发挥更重要的作用。名词所有格country’s后要接名词，develop的名词形式development意为“发展”，为不可数名词。 【58题详解】 句意：这条河中文名叫黄河，因为它的河水是黄色的。前半句说明黄河的名字，后半句解释得名的原因，连词because引导原因状语从句。 【59题详解】 句意：当河流流经黄土高原时，它真的携带大量黄沙汇入水中。空格修饰动词carries，要用副词，real的副词形式really作状语。 【60题详解】 句意：黄河发源于中国西北的青海省，从高山流向大海。固定搭配from...to...表示“从…… 到……”，此处填to。 【61题详解】 句意：在流入渤海之前，它流经很多地方。介词before后接动名词作宾语，run的动名词形式为running。 【62题详解】 句意：这条全长5464公里的河流养育了中国约12%的人口，为六十多座城市供水。sixty后接可数名词复数，city的复数形式是cities。 【63题详解】 句意：到目前为止，我国已经为河流的生态保护付出巨大努力。标志词So far意为“到目前为止”，是现在完成时的提示词，主语our country为单数，应填has made。 【64题详解】 句意：我们的母亲河已经变得比以前清澈很多。句中出现比较级标志词than，形容词clear需使用比较级clearer，much修饰比较级表示“……得多”。 【65题详解】 句意：因此，我们应当亲自采取实际行动保护黄河。固定搭配by oneself表示“独自、亲自”，we对应的反身代词是ourselves。 四、书面表达（20分） V. （A）（满分5分） 66. 在共建“一带一路”倡议深入推进的背景下，为进一步深化中厄教育文化交流，一批来自厄瓜多尔姊妹学校的外国学生将到你校参观交流。为此，学校现招募英语志愿者。假如你是李华，请根据下面要点和要求，用英语写一封不少于40词的自荐信。 要点： 1. 表达意愿； 2. 介绍优势； 3. 表达期望。 要求：要点齐全；表达通顺；简洁得体。 Dear Sir or Madam, _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】 范文 Dear Sir or Madam, I am Li Hua. I am writing to apply for the English volunteer position. I think I am qualified. First, I speak English fluently and can communicate easily. Second, I am outgoing and ready to help others. Also, I know much about Chinese culture. I hope to be chosen. I will try my best to promote cultural exchange. Looking forward to your reply. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【详解】写作步骤 [第一步：审题立意] 确定文体：应用文（书信体/自荐信），用一般现在时为主 明确要点：表达意愿（申请英语志愿者职位等）、介绍优势（英语流利/善于沟通/性格外向/乐于助人/了解中国文化等）、表达期望（希望被选中/努力促进文化交流/期待回复）等 确定人称：第一人称（I/my） 注意事项：文中不得出现真实姓名和学校名称 [第二步：构思布局] 三段式结构： 开头段：自我介绍，表达申请志愿者的意愿 主体段：介绍个人优势（英语能力/性格特点/文化知识） 结尾段：表达期望与请求回复 [第三步：要点展开] 要点一：表达意愿 写信目的：I am writing to apply for the English volunteer position/I would like to apply to be a volunteer等 自我介绍：I am Li Hua/My name is Li Hua等 要点二：介绍优势 英语能力：speak English fluently and can communicate easily/have good spoken English等 性格特点：outgoing and ready to help others/friendly and helpful等 文化知识：know much about Chinese culture/have a good knowledge of Chinese traditions等 要点三：表达期望 期望表达：I hope to be chosen/I hope you can give me this chance等 工作态度：try my best to promote cultural exchange/do my best to help the visitors等 回复请求：Looking forward to your reply/I am waiting for your reply等 （B）（满分15分） 67. 一本好书，如同成长路上的明灯，充实思想、启迪心灵。学校校报读书板块正在进行以“My Favorite Book”为题的英文征文活动。请你写一篇不少于100词的短文，以此向大家推荐你最喜欢的一本书。 要求： （1）介绍书名、作者、书的类型等基本信息； （2）简要概述该书的主要内容； （3）表达你喜欢并推荐这本书的理由； （4）文中不能出现考生的真实姓名和校名。 My Favorite Book ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 例文 My Favorite Book Among all the books I have read, “The Little Prince” is my favorite. It was written by Antoine de Saint-Exupéry. It is a famous fairy tale. The story is about a little prince who travels from planet to planet. He meets different people and learns about love and responsibility. Finally, he returns to his own planet. I like this book because it teaches me important life lessons. The pictures are also beautiful. It tells us that what is essential is invisible to the eye. I strongly recommend this book to everyone. It will surely touch your heart and help you grow up. Reading it makes me feel warm and hopeful. 【解析】 【详解】写作步骤 [第一步：审题立意] 确定文体：应用文，时态以一般现在时为主 明确要点：介绍书名、作者、书籍类型等基本信息；简要概述该书主要内容；表达自己喜欢并推荐这本书的理由；词数不少于100词，保证语句通顺，不得出现真实人名、校名 确定人称：第三人称介绍书本内容，第一人称抒发个人感受 注意事项：内容覆盖书本信息、故事内容、推荐理由三大板块，语句衔接自然 [第二步：构思布局] 三段式结构： 开头段：点明自己最喜欢的一本书，介绍书名、作者以及书籍类型 主体段：简单介绍书中的故事情节，写出这本书带给自己的道理与收获 结尾段：写出这本书对自己的影响，向所有人推荐这本书 [第三步：要点展开] 要点一：书籍基本信息 内容描述：a world-famous book/a meaningful fairy tale/one of my favourite books等 要点二：书本内容的具体介绍 具体情节：travel from planet to planet/meet all kinds of people/learn about love and responsibility/go back to his own planet等 内容作用：show different ways of life/tell us the truth of life/let readers think deeply等 要点三：从这本书得到的成长感悟 收获启发：teach me valuable life lessons/make me warm and hopeful/help me understand friendship等 成长变化：change my ideas about life/let me see the world differently/guide me to grow into a better person等 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $