内容正文:
新版五上译林英语Unit 6 Getting along with others语法专项训练
重点语法知识点
一、shout at sb. 对某人大喊大叫
短语结构: shout at + 人(宾格)
拓展区分:
shout at sb.:带着生气、不满情绪冲某人吼叫(带负面情绪)
shout to sb.:为了让对方听见而朝某人大声喊话(无生气含义)
用法详解: 词性搭配:shout 是实义动词,随主语人称、时态变形;介词at固定不变,
后面人称必须用宾格(me/him/her/them 等)
一般现在时三单变形:主语为 he/she/ 人名 → shouts at sb.
例句: He often shouts at his little brother. 他经常对弟弟大吼大叫。
常用否定: don’t/doesn’t shout at sb. 不要对某人大喊大叫
例句: We shouldn’t shout at our classmates. 我们不应该对同学大吼大叫。
练习1
一、用括号内词正确形式填空
1. Don’t shout at ______ (she).
2. He often ______ (shout) at his dog at weekends.
3. We shouldn’t ______ (shout) at old people.
4. My sister never shouts at ______ (I).
5. The boy sometimes ______ (laugh) at his classmates.
6. Please look at ______ (they) carefully.
二、句首不定式 To + 动词原形(表目的 / 学习目标)
句型结构: To + 动词原形,置于句首,用来表达「为了做某事、要达成的目标 / 学习任务」
课文例句: To discuss how to get along with others.(目标:探讨如何和他人和睦相处)
用法详解: to do 不定式作目的状语,放在句首强调做事的目的、学习要完成的目标;
并列多个目标时,可连续重复 To + 动词原形 结构;
同义转换:可以用 in order to + 动词原形 替换,语气更正式;
主谓区分:句首的 To do 结构不充当句子主语,后面要搭配完整主句。
例句 To visit grandparents at weekends, I get up early on Saturdays.
为了周末去看望祖父母,我周六会早起。
To learn safety rules, we read many picture books.
为了学习安全规则,我们阅读很多绘本。
练习2
用所给词的适当形式填空
1. To ______ (visit) my grandparents, I often go there at weekends.
2. To ______ (keep) safe, we shouldn’t run on the stairs.
3. We come here ______ (learn) how to get along with friends.
4. To talk about ______ (play) football, we have a talk after class.
5. To ______ (warm) up first is important before swimming.
6. She comes to the park ______ (go) boating on Sundays.
3、 Is + 主语 + 形容词?(be 动词型一般疑问句)
句型结构: 问句:Is + 单数主语 + 形容词?
肯定回答:Yes, 人称代词 + is.
否定回答:No, 人称代词 + isn’t.
课文例句: —Is Sam helpful? 萨姆乐于助人吗?
—Yes, he is. Because he helps others often. 是的。因为他经常帮助别人。
用法详解: 适用场景:询问人 / 事物是否具备某种特征、品质
形容词:helpful(乐于助人的)、friendly(友善的)、kind(热心的)、
happy(开心的)、quiet(安静的)
例句 —Is your friend kind at weekends? 你的朋友周末待人热心吗?
—No, he isn’t. He sometimes shouts at others.
不,他不热心,他有时会对别人大吼大叫。
练习3
一、按要求补全问答
1. —Is Billy lazy at weekends? —Yes, ______ ______.(肯定简答)
2. —Is your sister friendly? —No, ______ ______.(否定简答)
3. —Is Sam helpful? —Yes, ______ ______. He often helps others.(补全简答)
4. —______ your grandpa kind?(填入 Is/Are) —Yes, he is.
5. —______ your classmates helpful?(填入 Is/Are) —Yes, they are.
6. —Is she happy to play football? —No, ______ ______.
四、现在进行时
句型结构: 主语 + am /is/are + 动词 - ing 形式,用来描述此时此刻正在发生、进行的动作
课文例句: Two children are standing together. 两个孩子正站在一起。
The girl is drawing a dress. 女孩正在画一条连衣裙。
The boy is having a drink. 男孩正在喝东西。
用法详解 be 动词匹配规则
主语 I → 搭配 am
单数主语(he/she/ 人名 / 单数名词)→ 搭配 is
复数主语(we/they/ 复数名词 /you)→ 搭配 are
动词 - ing 变化规则
1 一般动词直接加 - ing:stand-standing、draw-drawing
2 以不发音字母 e 结尾,去 e 再加 - ing:have-having、write-writing
③ 重读闭音节辅元辅结尾,双写尾字母加 - ing:run-running、swim-swimming
句型变换
一般疑问句:Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 动词 - ing?
回答:Yes, 主语 + be 动词. / No, 主语 + be 动词否定缩写.
否定句:主语 + am/is/are + not + 动词 - ing
时间标志词:look(看)、listen(听)、now(现在),
出现这类词优先用现在进行时
练习4:
用所给词的适当形式填空
1. Look! He ______ (play) football in the park now.
2. The girl ______ (draw) pictures at home right now.
3. I ______ (watch) TV with my grandparents now.
4. They ______ (climb) the hill at weekends now.
5. My mum ______ (cook) nice food for us now.
6. Listen! The boy ______ (sing) songs.
五、write a letter to sb. 给某人写信
短语结构: write a letter + to + 人称宾格 / 人名
课文例句: I write a letter to my grandparents at weekends. 我周末给祖父母写信。
用法详解: 介词固定搭配:to引出收信对象,to 后面的人称必须用宾格(me/him/her/them 等)
一般现在时三单变形:主语为 he/she/ 单数人名时,write变为writes
例句:She writes a letter to her uncle every weekend. 她每周末给叔叔写信。
同义替换 : write letters to sb.(多封信)write to sb. 简略表达(省略 a letter)
拓展结构 : write a letter to sb. about sth. 就某事给某人写信
例:I write a letter to my grandma about my weekend life. 我给奶奶写信讲我的周末生活。
练习5:
一、用括号内动词正确形式填空
1. I often write a letter to ______ (they) at weekends.
2. He ______ (write) a letter to his aunt on Sundays.
3. Don’t forget to write a letter to ______ (she).
4. They sometimes ______ (write) letters to their cousins.
5. My sister ______ (write) to her friend every weekend.
6. Can you write a letter to ______ (I)?
六、提建议句型
句型结构: 完整句式:Why don’t you + 动词原形? 你为什么不…… 呢?
省略简写:Why not + 动词原形? 为什么不…… 呢?(两句可完全同义转换)
课文例句: —Why don’t you visit your grandparents at weekends?
= Why not visit your grandparents at weekends?你周末为什么不去看望祖父母呢?
用法详解: Why don’t you do sth.? = Why not do sth.?,两种结构后面都只能接动词原形,
不能用三单、doing 形式;
句式语气: 委婉提出建议、邀约,常用来讨论周末休闲、人际相处类活动;
常用应答: ✅ 赞同:Good idea. / Sounds great.(好主意 / 听起来很棒)
❌ 拒绝:Sorry, I can’t.(抱歉我不行)
拓展变形:主语换成 we,可写 Why don’t we + 动词原形?(我们何不……)
例句 Why don’t you go climbing with your parents on Sunday?
= Why not go climbing with your parents on Sunday?
周日你何不跟父母一起去爬山?
注意 ① Why not后面不能再加主语 you,禁止写:Why not you go...;
3 don’t 是助动词否定,其后动词必须还原原形;
③ 可和单元已学 What about doing...? 做同义改写。
练习6:
一、用括号内动词正确形式填空
1. Why don’t you ______ (play) football after class?
2. Why not ______ (help) your grandma water plants?
3. Why don’t we ______ (visit) our uncle this weekend?
4. Why not ______ (go) swimming at weekends?
5. Why don’t you ______ (write) a letter to your friend?
6. Why not ______ (practice) playing the piano on Saturdays?
二、句型改写
7. Why don’t you go for a walk after dinner?(改为 Why not 开头同义句)
________________________________________________________________
8. Why not play table tennis at weekends?(改为 Why don’t you 开头句子)
________________________________________________________________
9. weekends, why, at, you, fishing, don’t, go (连词成句)
________________________________________________________________
语法专项训练
1、 所给词的适当形式填空。
1. We should be ________ (kindly) to others and ________ (help) people in need.
2. There is a wall between the two ________ (house).
3. Bobby ________ (not feel) happy, because his bag is too heavy.
4. It is ________ (importance) for us ________ (be) kind to others.
5. Look! The boy ______(shout) at his classmate angrily.
6. There are many trees between the two ______(house).
7. It is rude ______(laugh) at other people.
8. ______(I) new neighbour is very friendly to me.
9. Sam should ______(give) you some good advice.
10. He sits between ______(she) and me.
11. Yang Ling ______(not feel) happy when others shout at her.
12. We should be ______(kind) to people around us.
13. He tries ______(find) a good way to get along with friends.
14. Sam ________ (carry) two heavy ________ (basket).
15. Wang Bing ________ (stand) next to ________ (he) new classmate now.
16. Why ________ (do) the boy ________ (has) a talk with his classmate?
17. Yang Ling ________ (think) it is rude ________ (shout) at other people.
18. Yang Ling ________ (get) along with her new classmate.
19. Bobby ________ (feel) angry.
20. My grandparents ________ (be) kind to their neighbours.
21. ________ (I) classmate is very kind.
22. Su Hai ________ (write) a letter to her friend.
23. Look! Liu Tao ________ (shout) at that rude boy.
24. The two families become good ________ (neighbour).
25. He gets some good ________ (advice) from his friend.
26. We should be ________ (friend) to new classmates.
27. Why ________ (do) you play games with us after class?
28. Sam ________ (close) his storybook and listens carefully.
29. Zhang Hua ________ (live) next to a small garden.
30. You should ________ (move) your chair back a little.
31. Look! Su Yang __________ (put) her picnic basket on the ground.
32. She sits between ________ (he) and ________ (I).
33. ________ (she) new neighbour is very kind to ________ (she).
2、 选择题。
( )1. It’s important ______ us ______ get on well with others.
A. for; to B. to; for C. for; /
( )2. Why ______ you write a letter to your neighbour?
A. not B. don’t C. doesn’t
( )3. She sits close ______ the window in the classroom.
A. to B. at C. for
( )4. —How do you ______ along with your new friends? —Very well.
A. gets B. get C. getting
( )5. Don’t shout ______ others when you are angry.
A. to B. at C. for
( )6. My mum gives me some good ______ on making friends.
A. advice B. advices C. an advice
( )7. Look! The girl ______ her chair near the desk.
A. moves B. is moving C. move
( )8. You ______ be friendly to your classmates.
A. should B. would C. shouldn’t to
( )9. The park is ______ the two buildings.
A. among B. between C. next
( )10. —Why not ______ with your neighbours on weekends? —Good idea!
A. chat B. chatting C. chats
3、 句型转换(5 道)
1. Why not go to the cinema?(改为同义句)
____________________go to the cinema?
2. Why don't we play basketball?(改为同义句)
____________________play basketball?
3. Why not read a book?(作肯定回答)
________________________________________
4. Why don't you ask your teacher for help?(作肯定回答)
________________________________________
5. Let's have a party.(改为同义句)
____________________have a party?
译林版五上Unit6语法专项练习 答案+详细解析
一、重点语法配套练习答案+解析
(一)shout at sb. 知识点练习
核心考点:shout at + 人称宾格;一般现在时三单变形;should/shouldn’t+动词原形
1. her
解析:介词at后必须接人称代词宾格,she的宾格为her。
2. shouts
解析:主语He为第三人称单数,一般现在时实义动词变三单,shout直接加s。
3. shout
解析:shouldn’t为情态动词否定形式,后接动词原形。
4. me
解析:介词at后用宾格,I的宾格为me。
5. laughs
解析:主语The boy为三单,sometimes为一般现在时标志,laugh变三单laughs。
6. them
解析:介词at后用宾格,they的宾格为them。
(二)句首不定式 To+动词原形 知识点练习
核心考点:To+动词原形放句首表目的;come to do sth. 固定搭配
1. visit
解析:句首To表目的,后接动词原形。
2. keep
解析:不定式结构To+动词原形,无变形。
3. to learn
解析:固定搭配come to do sth.(来做某事),用不定式。
4. playing
解析:介词about后接动名词形式。
5. warm
解析:To后接动词原形,warm up为固定短语“热身”。
6. to go
解析:come to do sth. 固定搭配,后接不定式。
(三)Is+主语+形容词?一般疑问句 练习
核心考点:单数主语用Is,复数用Are;标准简答句式
1. he is
解析:Is引导单数主语疑问句,肯定简答:Yes, 人称代词+is。
2. she isn’t
解析:否定简答固定句式:No, 人称代词+isn’t。
3. he is
解析:Sam为男性单数,肯定简答用he is。
4. Is
解析:grandpa为单数名词,be动词用Is。
5. Are
解析:classmates为复数名词,be动词用Are。
6. she isn’t
解析:she为单数主语,否定简答用she isn’t。
(四)现在进行时 知识点练习
核心考点:now/look/listen为现在进行时标志;be+doing结构
1. is playing
解析:Look!为现在进行时标志,he搭配be动词is,play直接加ing。
2. is drawing
解析:right now表现在,the girl为三单,be动词用is,draw加ing。
3. am watching
解析:now表现在,I搭配be动词am,watch加ing。
4. are climbing
解析:now表现在,they为复数,be动词用are,climb加ing。
5. is cooking
解析:now表现在,my mum为三单,be动词用is,cook加ing。
6. is singing
解析:Listen!为现在进行时标志,the boy为三单,is+singing。
(五)write a letter to sb. 知识点练习
核心考点:to后接宾格;三单主语write变writes
1. them
解析:介词to后用人称宾格,they的宾格为them。
2. writes
解析:主语He为三单,一般现在时write变writes。
3. her
解析:介词to后用宾格,she的宾格为her。
4. write
解析:主语They为复数,动词用原形。
5. writes
解析:主语My sister为三单,write变writes。
6. me
解析:介词to后用宾格,I的宾格为me。
(六)提建议句型 知识点练习
核心考点:Why not/Why don’t you + 动词原形,互相同义转换
1. 动词填空
1. play
解析:Why don’t you后接动词原形。
2. help
解析:Why not后永久接动词原形,无变形。
3. visit
解析:Why don’t we后接动词原形。
4. go
解析:Why not后接动词原形。
5. write
解析:Why don’t you后接动词原形。
6. practice
解析:Why not后接动词原形。
2. 句型改写
1. Why not go for a walk after dinner?
解析:Why don’t you... = Why not...,其余内容不变。
2. Why don’t you play table tennis at weekends?
解析:Why not... 同义转换为Why don’t you...。
3. Why don’t you go fishing at weekends?
解析:连词成句,固定建议句型结构,语序正确即可。
二、语法专项训练 答案+详细解析
(一)用所给词的适当形式填空
1. kind; help
解析:be动词后接形容词kind;should后接动词原形help。
2. houses
解析:two后接可数名词复数,house变houses。
3. doesn’t feel
解析:主语Bobby三单,一般现在时否定用doesn’t+动词原形。
4. important; to be
解析:固定句型It is+形容词+for sb. to do sth.。
5. is shouting
解析:Look! 现在进行时标志,be+doing。
6. houses
解析:two two后接名词复数。
7. to laugh
解析:固定句型It is+形容词+to do sth.。
8. My
解析:名词前用形容词性物主代词,I对应My。
9. give
解析:should情态动词,后接动词原形。
10. her
解析:介词between后接宾格。
11. doesn’t feel
解析:主语Yang Ling三单,否定用doesn’t+原形。
12. kind
解析:be动词后接形容词作表语。
13. to find
解析:固定搭配try to do sth. 尽力做某事。
14. carries; baskets
解析:Sam三单,carry变carries;two后接名词复数baskets。
15. is standing; his
解析:now现在进行时,is+standing;名词前用物主代词his。
16. does; have
解析:三单主语疑问句用does,后接动词原形have。
17. thinks; to shout
解析:Yang Ling三单,think变thinks;It is rude to do sth. 固定句型。
18. gets
解析:主语三单,一般现在时动词变三单。
19. feels
解析:Bobby三单,feel变feels。
20. are
解析:grandparents复数,be动词用are。
21. My
解析:名词前用形容词性物主代词。
22. writes
解析:Su Hai三单,write变writes。
23. is shouting
解析:Look! 现在进行时,is+shouting。
24. neighbours
解析:two families对应复数邻居,neighbour变复数。
25. advice
解析:advice为不可数名词,无复数形式。
26. friendly
解析:be动词后接形容词friendly(友好的)。
27. do
解析:主语you,疑问句助动词用do。
28. closes
解析:Sam三单,close变closes。
29. lives
解析:Zhang Hua三单,live变lives。
30. move
解析:should后接动词原形。
31. is putting
解析:Look! 现在进行时,put双写t加ing。
32. him; me
解析:介词between后均用人称宾格。
33. Her; her
解析:名词前用物主代词Her;介词to后用宾格her。
(二)选择题
1. A
解析:固定句型It’s important for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说做某事很重要。
2. B
解析:主语you,疑问句助动词用don’t,Why don’t you do sth.。
3. A
解析:固定搭配close to 靠近。
4. B
解析:助动词do后接动词原形,get along with 相处。
5. B
解析:shout at sb. 对某人大喊(带负面情绪),固定搭配。
6. A
解析:advice不可数,some advice 一些建议。
7. B
解析:Look! 现在进行时标志,选is moving。
8. A
解析:should后接动词原形,表建议“应该”。
9. B
解析:between用于两者之间,among用于三者及以上。
10. A
解析:Why not后接动词原形chat。
(三)句型转换
1. Why not
解析:Why don’t you do sth.? = Why not do sth.? 同义转换。
2. Why not
解析:Why don’t we 同义替换 Why not。
3. Good idea. / Sounds great.
解析:赞同建议的标准答句。
4. Good idea. / Sounds great.
解析:赞同对方建议的固定回答。
5. Why not
解析:Let’s do sth. 提议句型,可同义转换为Why not do sth.。
三、Unit6 核心语法汇总(期末必考)
1. shout搭配辨析:shout at sb.(生气吼叫);shout to sb.(大声喊话,无情绪),at后必接宾格。
2. 句首不定式目的状语:To+动词原形,表做事目的,不充当主语,后接完整主句。
3. be动词一般疑问句:单数Is、复数Are,简答严格对应:Yes, 代词+is/are;No, 代词+isn’t/aren’t。
4. 现在进行时:标志词look/listen/now,结构am/is/are+doing,熟记动词ing变形规则。
5. write固定搭配:write a letter to+宾格,三单writes,可替换为write letters/write to sb.。
6. 建议句型互换:Why don’t you/we + 原形 = Why not + 原形,必考同义句转换。
7. 高频固定句型:It’s + 形容词 + (for sb.) to do sth. 做某事是……的。
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