2026-2027学年七年级英语上册同步语法讲解（一般现在时）-（外研版）

一般现在时 （语法讲解+分层精练） 目 录 一、一般现在时的含义与用法 1 1. 表示现在的状态或客观真理、科学事实 1 2. 表示经常性、习惯性的动作 1 3. 表示主语具备的性格或能力 2 二、一般现在时的句式结构 2 （一）be型（主语 + am/is/are + 表语） 2 （二）行为动词型（主语 + 实义动词） 2 三、记忆口诀 2 四、中考分层练习题（共30题） 3 基础篇（第1-10题） 3 提高篇（第11-20题） 3 挑战篇（第21-30题） 4 一、一般现在时的含义与用法 一般现在时是英语中最基本的时态之一，主要表示经常性、习惯性的动作或现在的状态，也可表示客观真理等。具体用法如下： 1. 表示现在的状态或客观真理、科学事实 · 表示主语当前所处的状态、特征或普遍公认的真理、自然规律等。 · 例：I am a student.（现在的身份） · 例：The earth goes around the sun.（客观真理） · 例：Water boils at 100°C.（科学事实） 2. 表示经常性、习惯性的动作 · 常与频度副词（always, usually, often, sometimes, never等）或时间状语（every day, on Sundays等）连用。 · 例：I get up at six every morning. · 例：She often goes to school by bike. 3. 表示主语具备的性格或能力 · 表示主语的内在特征、性格、爱好或能力等。 · 例：He likes playing basketball.（喜好） · 例：She speaks English very well.（能力） 二、一般现在时的句式结构 一般现在时的句式分为be型（谓语为be动词）和行为动词型（谓语为实义动词）。 （一）be型（主语 + am/is/are + 表语） 句式 结构 示例 肯定句 主语 + am/is/are + 表语 I am a teacher. / She is happy. 否定句 主语 + am/is/are + not + 表语 He is not (isn't) a doctor. 一般疑问句 Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 表语？ Are you a student？ 肯定回答 Yes, 主语 + am/is/are. Yes, I am. 否定回答 No, 主语 + am/is/are + not. No, she isn't. （二）行为动词型（主语 + 实义动词） 句式 结构 示例 肯定句 主语（非三单）+ 动词原形 / 主语（三单）+ 动词-s/-es I like apples. / He likes apples. 否定句 主语 + do/does + not + 动词原形 I do not (don't) like apples. / She does not (doesn't) like apples. 一般疑问句 Do/Does + 主语 + 动词原形？ Do you like apples？ / Does he like apples？ 肯定回答 Yes, 主语 + do/does. Yes, I do. / Yes, he does. 否定回答 No, 主语 + do/does + not. No, we don't. / No, she doesn't. 第三人称单数动词变化规则： 1. 一般情况加 -s：work→works 2. 以 s, x, ch, sh, o 结尾加 -es：teach→teaches, go→goes 3. 以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变 y 为 i 再加 -es：study→studies 注意：have 的三单是 has。 三、记忆口诀 “一般现在表习惯，真理状态和能力。 be 型 am/is/are，行为动词分三单。 否定疑问借 do/does，动词原形要归还。” 四、中考分层练习题（共30题） 🔵 基础篇（第1-10题） 1. I ________ a student. I ________ in a middle school. A. is; study B. am; study C. am; studies D. are; study 2. She ________ to school every day. A. go B. goes C. going D. to go 3. They ________ apples. They ________ pears. A. like; don't like B. likes; don't like C. like; doesn't like D. likes; doesn't like 4. ________ your father ________ a car？ A. Do; have B. Does; have C. Does; has D. Do; has 5. Water ________ at 100°C. A. boil B. boils C. is boiling D. to boil 6. My sister ________ to music every night. A. listen B. listens C. listening D. to listen 7. —________ you like English？ —Yes, I ________. A. Do; do B. Does; do C. Are; am D. Do; am 8. He ________ (not) like watching TV. A. don't B. doesn't C. isn't D. aren't 9. ________ you ________ (have) a pen？ A. Do; have B. Does; have C. Do; has D. Does; has 10. My brother ________ a new bike. A. have B. has C. is D. are 提高篇（第11-20题） 11. The sun ________ in the east every morning. A. rise B. rises C. is rising D. rose 12. She ________ (not do) her homework on Sundays. A. don't do B. doesn't do C. doesn't does D. don't does 13. —Where ________ your mother ________？ —She works in a hospital. A. do; work B. does; work C. do; works D. does; works 14. We often ________ (play) football after school, but Tom ________ (play) basketball. A. play; play B. plays; plays C. play; plays D. plays; play 15. His parents ________ teachers. They ________ in a middle school. A. are; work B. is; works C. are; works D. is; work 16. I ________ (not be) a worker. I ________ a student. A. am not; am B. don't; am C. isn't; is D. aren't; are 17. ________ your sister ________ (like) swimming？ A. Does; likes B. Does; like C. Do; like D. Do; likes 18. My grandfather ________ (read) newspapers every evening. A. read B. reads C. is reading D. to read 19. They ________ (not have) any classes on Sunday. A. don't have B. doesn't have C. don't has D. doesn't has 20. —________ Tom ________ (get) up early？ —Yes, he ________. A. Do; get; does B. Does; gets; does C. Does; get; does D. Do; gets; do 🔴 挑战篇（第21-30题） 21. The earth ________ (move) around the sun, and the moon ________ (go) around the earth. A. moves; goes B. move; go C. moves; go D. move; goes 22. —What ________ your parents ________ (do)？ —They are both doctors. A. do; do B. does; do C. do; does D. does; does 23. She ________ (not like) math because she thinks it's difficult. A. don't like B. doesn't like C. doesn't likes D. don't likes 24. I ________ (be) a teacher and my sister ________ (be) a nurse. A. am; is B. is; is C. am; are D. are; am 25. My uncle ________ (have) a new car, but he ________ (not drive) it often. A. has; doesn't drive B. have; doesn't drive C. has; don't drive D. have; don't drive 26. ________ your brother and sister ________ (like) the same food？ A. Do; like B. Does; like C. Do; likes D. Does; likes 27. The shop ________ (open) at 8:00 a.m. and ________ (close) at 9:00 p.m. every day. A. open; close B. opens; closes C. open; closes D. opens; close 28. He always ________ (help) others and ________ (be) kind to everyone. A. help; is B. helps; is C. helps; be D. help; be 29. ________ (be) you from America？ No, I ________ (be) from China. A. Are; am B. Is; am C. Are; is D. Is; is 30. Some people ________ (think) the earth ________ (be) flat, but it ________ (be) round. A. think; is; is B. thinks; is; is C. think; are; is D. think; is; are 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 一般现在时 （语法讲解+分层精练） 目 录 一、一般现在时的含义与用法 1 1. 表示现在的状态或客观真理、科学事实 1 2. 表示经常性、习惯性的动作 1 3. 表示主语具备的性格或能力 1 二、一般现在时的句式结构 2 （一）be型（主语 + am/is/are + 表语） 2 （二）行为动词型（主语 + 实义动词） 2 三、记忆口诀 2 四、中考分层练习题（共30题） 2 基础篇（第1-10题） 3 提高篇（第11-20题） 4 挑战篇（第21-30题） 5 一、一般现在时的含义与用法 一般现在时是英语中最基本的时态之一，主要表示经常性、习惯性的动作或现在的状态，也可表示客观真理等。具体用法如下： 1. 表示现在的状态或客观真理、科学事实 · 表示主语当前所处的状态、特征或普遍公认的真理、自然规律等。 · 例：I am a student.（现在的身份） · 例：The earth goes around the sun.（客观真理） · 例：Water boils at 100°C.（科学事实） 2. 表示经常性、习惯性的动作 · 常与频度副词（always, usually, often, sometimes, never等）或时间状语（every day, on Sundays等）连用。 · 例：I get up at six every morning. · 例：She often goes to school by bike. 3. 表示主语具备的性格或能力 · 表示主语的内在特征、性格、爱好或能力等。 · 例：He likes playing basketball.（喜好） · 例：She speaks English very well.（能力） 二、一般现在时的句式结构 一般现在时的句式分为be型（谓语为be动词）和行为动词型（谓语为实义动词）。 （一）be型（主语 + am/is/are + 表语） 句式 结构 示例 肯定句 主语 + am/is/are + 表语 I am a teacher. / She is happy. 否定句 主语 + am/is/are + not + 表语 He is not (isn't) a doctor. 一般疑问句 Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 表语？ Are you a student？ 肯定回答 Yes, 主语 + am/is/are. Yes, I am. 否定回答 No, 主语 + am/is/are + not. No, she isn't. （二）行为动词型（主语 + 实义动词） 句式 结构 示例 肯定句 主语（非三单）+ 动词原形 / 主语（三单）+ 动词-s/-es I like apples. / He likes apples. 否定句 主语 + do/does + not + 动词原形 I do not (don't) like apples. / She does not (doesn't) like apples. 一般疑问句 Do/Does + 主语 + 动词原形？ Do you like apples？ / Does he like apples？ 肯定回答 Yes, 主语 + do/does. Yes, I do. / Yes, he does. 否定回答 No, 主语 + do/does + not. No, we don't. / No, she doesn't. 第三人称单数动词变化规则： 1. 一般情况加 -s：work→works 2. 以 s, x, ch, sh, o 结尾加 -es：teach→teaches, go→goes 3. 以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变 y 为 i 再加 -es：study→studies 注意：have 的三单是 has。 三、记忆口诀 “一般现在表习惯，真理状态和能力。 be 型 am/is/are，行为动词分三单。 否定疑问借 do/does，动词原形要归还。” 四、中考分层练习题（共30题） 🔵 基础篇（第1-10题） 1. I ________ a student. I ________ in a middle school. A. is; study B. am; study C. am; studies D. are; study 答案：B 解析： 主语“I”用be动词“am”；第二空主语“I”是复数概念（非三单），行为动词用原形“study”，故选B。 2. She ________ to school every day. A. go B. goes C. going D. to go 答案：B 解析： 主语“She”是第三人称单数，动词“go”加-es变为“goes”，表示每天去上学。 3. They ________ apples. They ________ pears. A. like; don't like B. likes; don't like C. like; doesn't like D. likes; doesn't like 答案：A 解析： 主语“They”是复数，动词用原形“like”；否定句用“don't + 原形”，故选A。 4. ________ your father ________ a car？ A. Do; have B. Does; have C. Does; has D. Do; has 答案：B 解析： 主语“your father”是第三人称单数，一般疑问句用“Does”开头，后面的动词用原形“have”，故选B。 5. Water ________ at 100°C. A. boil B. boils C. is boiling D. to boil 答案：B 解析： 表示客观真理，用一般现在时，“water”为单数概念，动词加-s，故选B。 6. My sister ________ to music every night. A. listen B. listens C. listening D. to listen 答案：B 解析： 主语“My sister”是三单，动词listen加-s变成listens，故选B。 7. —________ you like English？ —Yes, I ________. A. Do; do B. Does; do C. Are; am D. Do; am 答案：A 解析： 行为动词“like”的一般疑问句用“Do”开头，肯定回答用“Yes, I do.”，故选A。 8. He ________ (not) like watching TV. A. don't B. doesn't C. isn't D. aren't 答案：B 解析： 主语“He”是三单，否定句用“doesn't + 动词原形”，故选B。 9. ________ you ________ (have) a pen？ A. Do; have B. Does; have C. Do; has D. Does; has 答案：A 解析： 主语“you”是非三单，一般疑问句用“Do”，后接动词原形“have”，故选A。 10. My brother ________ a new bike. A. have B. has C. is D. are 答案：B 解析： “have”的三单形式是“has”，主语“My brother”是三单，故选B。 提高篇（第11-20题） 11. The sun ________ in the east every morning. A. rise B. rises C. is rising D. rose 答案：B 解析： 客观真理用一般现在时，“The sun”为三单，动词rise加-s，故选B。 12. She ________ (not do) her homework on Sundays. A. don't do B. doesn't do C. doesn't does D. don't does 答案：B 解析： 主语“She”三单，否定句用“doesn't + 动词原形”，do的原形是do，故选B。 13. —Where ________ your mother ________？ —She works in a hospital. A. do; work B. does; work C. do; works D. does; works 答案：B 解析： 主语“your mother”三单，特殊疑问句用“does” + 主语 + 动词原形“work”，故选B。 14. We often ________ (play) football after school, but Tom ________ (play) basketball. A. play; play B. plays; plays C. play; plays D. plays; play 答案：C 解析： 第一空主语“We”非三单用原形play；第二空“Tom”三单用plays，故选C。 15. His parents ________ teachers. They ________ in a middle school. A. are; work B. is; works C. are; works D. is; work 答案：A 解析： 第一空主语复数用are；第二空“They”非三单用原形work，故选A。 16. I ________ (not be) a worker. I ________ a student. A. am not; am B. don't; am C. isn't; is D. aren't; are 答案：A 解析： be动词否定在am后加not，肯定用am，故选A。 17. ________ your sister ________ (like) swimming？ A. Does; likes B. Does; like C. Do; like D. Do; likes 答案：B 解析： 主语“your sister”三单，一般疑问句用Does，后接原形like，故选B。 18. My grandfather ________ (read) newspapers every evening. A. read B. reads C. is reading D. to read 答案：B 解析： 主语“My grandfather”三单，动词read（原形与过去式同形，但三单加-s，读音变化），故选B。 19. They ________ (not have) any classes on Sunday. A. don't have B. doesn't have C. don't has D. doesn't has 答案：A 解析： 主语“They”非三单，否定用don't + 原形have，故选A。 20. —________ Tom ________ (get) up early？ —Yes, he ________. A. Do; get; does B. Does; gets; does C. Does; get; does D. Do; gets; do 答案：C 解析： 主语“Tom”三单，疑问用Does + 动词原形get；肯定回答用Yes, he does. 故选C。 🔴 挑战篇（第21-30题） 21. The earth ________ (move) around the sun, and the moon ________ (go) around the earth. A. moves; goes B. move; go C. moves; go D. move; goes 答案：A 解析： 客观真理用一般现在时，“earth”和“moon”均为三单，动词分别加-s和-es，故选A。 22. —What ________ your parents ________ (do)？ —They are both doctors. A. do; do B. does; do C. do; does D. does; does 答案：A 解析： 主语“parents”复数，特殊疑问句用“do + 主语 + 原形”，故选A。 23. She ________ (not like) math because she thinks it's difficult. A. don't like B. doesn't like C. doesn't likes D. don't likes 答案：B 解析： 主语“She”三单，否定用doesn't + 原形like，故选B。 24. I ________ (be) a teacher and my sister ________ (be) a nurse. A. am; is B. is; is C. am; are D. are; am 答案：A 解析： “I”用am，“my sister”三单用is，故选A。 25. My uncle ________ (have) a new car, but he ________ (not drive) it often. A. has; doesn't drive B. have; doesn't drive C. has; don't drive D. have; don't drive 答案：A 解析： “My uncle”三单，have变has；否定用doesn't + 原形drive，故选A。 26. ________ your brother and sister ________ (like) the same food？ A. Do; like B. Does; like C. Do; likes D. Does; likes 答案：A 解析： 主语是“your brother and sister”复数，用Do + 原形like，故选A。 27. The shop ________ (open) at 8:00 a.m. and ________ (close) at 9:00 p.m. every day. A. open; close B. opens; closes C. open; closes D. opens; close 答案：B 解析： “The shop”三单，两个动词都加-s，故选B。 28. He always ________ (help) others and ________ (be) kind to everyone. A. help; is B. helps; is C. helps; be D. help; be 答案：B 解析： “He”三单，help加-s；第二空主语仍为He，be动词用is，故选B。 29. ________ (be) you from America？ No, I ________ (be) from China. A. Are; am B. Is; am C. Are; is D. Is; is 答案：A 解析： 主语“you”用Are；I用am，故选A。 30. Some people ________ (think) the earth ________ (be) flat, but it ________ (be) round. A. think; is; is B. thinks; is; is C. think; are; is D. think; is; are 答案：A 解析： “Some people”复数用think；earth是单数用is；it也用is，故选A。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $