Unit 6 When disaster strikes 单元写作专项训练 2026-2027学年外研版英语八年级上册

**基本信息** 围绕灾害主题构建“词汇分类-功能句式-结构技巧-多体裁应用”的系统性写作训练体系，注重语言能力与思维品质的协同培养。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |必备词汇|5类场景词汇（灾害/情感/互助等）|按写作场景分类记忆，强化主题词汇调用能力|从具体场景词汇到抽象情感表达，构建灾害主题词汇网络| |核心句式|10个功能句式（背景/困境/互助等）|“场景-功能”对应，掌握特定情境表达范式|句式与写作环节匹配，形成“背景-发展-升华”的逻辑链条| |写作技巧|4大技巧（搭骨架/细节支撑等）+3组表达升级|“先结构后内容”写作流程，逻辑衔接词与高级表达运用|从基础表达到逻辑升级，提升文本连贯性与思想深度| |实战演练|汉译英8题+句型仿写6类+7篇书面表达（话题/材料/邮件等）|多体裁写作训练，强化知识迁移与综合应用|从单句翻译到篇章写作，覆盖中考常见写作题型，培养真实情境沟通能力|

Unit 6 When disaster strikes 单元写作专项训练 一、单元核心信息 二、必备词汇 灾害场景 earthquake 地震；flood 洪水；storm 暴风雨；disaster 灾难；survivor 幸存者；shelter 避难所 困难情感 lose one’s home 失去家园；be trapped 被困；bleed 流血；shadow 阴影；frightened 害怕的 互助希望 support 支持；encourage 鼓励；rescue 营救；come out of the shadows 走出阴影；look forward to 期待；warm one’s heart 温暖某人的心 救援过程 warning 警报；emergency 紧急情况；volunteer 志愿者；firefighter 消防员；safe place 安全地点；give out 分发；carry sb to safety 把某人送到安全处 恢复与感悟 artificial leg 假肢；recover 康复；rebuild 重建；confident 自信的；courage 勇气；in difficult times 在困难时期；give sb hope 给某人希望 三、核心句式 1. 【设置背景】It was raining heavily when the flood reached the village. 当洪水到达村庄时，雨下得很大。 2. 【描写困境】While people were moving to safety, ... noticed that... 当人们转移到安全处时，……注意到…… 3. 【写互助】Without thinking twice, he/she... 他/她毫不犹豫地…… 4. 【写转机】With the support of..., ... finally... 在……的支持下，……终于…… 5. 【升华主题】The disaster destroyed many things, but it could not destroy kindness and hope. 灾难摧毁了许多东西，却无法摧毁善意与希望。 6. 【灾害发生】Suddenly, the ground began to shake and people ran outside. 突然，地面开始摇晃，人们跑到室外。 7. 【感官描写】The wind was howling and the streets were covered with water. 狂风呼啸，街道被水淹没。 8. 【持续救援】While rescuers were searching the area, volunteers were preparing food. 救援人员搜寻时，志愿者正在准备食物。 9. 【心理转变】Kind words encouraged him/her to become confident again. 温暖的话语鼓励他/她重新变得自信。 10. 【表达希望】With courage and support, people can rebuild their lives. 有了勇气和支持，人们能够重建生活。 四、写作技巧 技巧 操作方法 先搭骨架 先确定文体与段落功能，再选择材料，避免想到哪里写到哪里。 细节支撑 人物故事要有动作和转折；观点文章要有事例与分析；规则清单要具体可执行。 衔接升级 使用 however, because, as a result, for example, finally 等词体现逻辑。 结尾扣题 最后一句回应主题，并写出启示、态度或建议。 基础表达 升级表达 He had problems. He worked hard. Although he faced many problems, he kept working hard and finally succeeded. Technology is useful. It has risks. Technology makes life convenient; however, careless use may also bring risks. We helped her. She was happy. With our support, she came out of the shadows and smiled again. 五、实战演练 一、汉译英 1. 暴雨来临时，村民们正在转移到安全地带。 ________________________________________________________________________________ 2. 一位老人被困在家中。 ________________________________________________________________________________ 3. 两名志愿者毫不犹豫地前去帮助他。 ________________________________________________________________________________ 4. 在大家的支持下，他终于到达了避难所。 ________________________________________________________________________________ 5. 灾难让我们看到了勇气和善意的力量。 ________________________________________________________________________________ 6. 狂风呼啸，街道被雨水淹没。 ________________________________________________________________________________ 7. 志愿者给幸存者分发了食物和干净的衣服。 ________________________________________________________________________________ 8. 有了勇气和支持，人们能够重建自己的生活。 ________________________________________________________________________________ 二、句型仿写（每个句型先读例句，再完成两道仿写） 句型1：When..., ... was/were doing... 例句：When the storm arrived, people were leaving their homes. 1. 地震发生时，学生们正在上课。 ________________________________________________________________________________ 2. 洪水来临时，孩子们正在学校上课。 ________________________________________________________________________________ 句型2：While... was/were doing..., ... 例句：While the rain was falling, rescuers were helping villagers. 1. 当消防员正在救人时，志愿者们在分发食物。 ________________________________________________________________________________ 2. 救援人员工作时，村民们正在互相鼓励。 ________________________________________________________________________________ 句型3：Without..., ... 例句：Without thinking twice, the boy ran to help the old man. 1. 她毫不犹豫地把外套给了孩子。 ________________________________________________________________________________ 2. 他毫不犹豫地背起受伤的女孩。 ________________________________________________________________________________ 句型4：Suddenly, ... began to... 例句：Suddenly, the river began to rise. 1. 突然，地面开始剧烈摇晃。 ________________________________________________________________________________ 2. 突然，雨下得更大了。 ________________________________________________________________________________ 句型5：With the support of..., ... 例句：With the support of the volunteers, the family reached safety. 1. 在家人和朋友的支持下，她重新变得自信。 ________________________________________________________________________________ 2. 在老师的鼓励下，这个女孩走出了阴影。 ________________________________________________________________________________ 句型6：... but could not... 例句：The earthquake damaged the city but could not destroy people’s courage. 1. 洪水摧毁了房屋，却无法摧毁人们的希望。 ________________________________________________________________________________ 2. 暴风雨破坏了道路，却无法阻止救援人员。 ________________________________________________________________________________ 三、书面表达 （话题作文） 1．写一段话 (至少5句) 描述你过去某一天经历的一个突发事件 (如突然下雨、停电、地震演习、意外事故等)。说明当时你在做什么，突然发生了什么，你和周围的人有什么反应。请使用至少3个过去进行时的句子 (was/were + doing)。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ （材料作文） 2．假如上周六陕西某地下了一场暴风雪。请你根据下面的要点提示，用英语写一篇短文，描述此次暴风雪的情况。 The situation of the snowstorm Tips strong wind, thick snow on the ground keep calm, temperature (温度) dropped below zero after it was dark, icy (结冰的) road, hard to drive, traffic accidents 要求：1. 短文内容应包含题目要求所给的全部信息，可适当发挥； 2. 语句正确，意思通顺、连贯，书写规范； 3. 短文中不得出现你的任何真实信息（姓名、校名和地名等）； 4. 词数：不少于60。（开头已给出，但不计入总词数。） Last Saturday, a heavy snowstorm hit someplace in Shaanxi and it caused a lot of problems. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3．期盼已久的寒假即将到来，为了能够度过一个愉快而又安全的假期，阳光中学英文网站将举行“防灾减灾，守护安全”短视频创作比赛。 注意事项： 1.短文须包含所有要点，可适当发挥; 2.词数在90词左右(开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数); 3.文中不得出现真实姓名、校名等信息。 Hi, everyone. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ That’s all for my video. Thanks for your watching. （电子邮件） 4．假定你是李华，英国笔友Tom计划来中国旅行。他了解到自然灾害偶有发生，特询问相关信息。请回复邮件。 Dear Li Hua, I’ve read online that some areas may sometimes have natural disasters like earthquakes or floods. I’d like to know some safe ways to deal with them. For example, what should I do if an earthquake hits suddenly? And I also want to learn how to keep myself safe during a flood. Besides, I hope to get some simple safety rules for my trip. Looking forward to your reply. Yours, Tom 注意： 1. 涵盖所有要点，语句通顺，意思连贯，书写规范； 2. 词数80词左右。邮件的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数； 3. 文中不得提及有关个人身份的任何信息，如校名、人名等。 Dear Tom, I’m glad to share some safety tips with you.  ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ I’m sure these tips will help you have a safe trip. Welcome to China! Yours, Li Hua 5．2023年7月末，北京门头沟区出现了灾害性特大暴雨天气，受损严重。人民众志成城，积极抗洪救灾。 假如你是李华，居住在门头沟区，你的笔友Peter非常关心你，想了解一下这次灾情的情况。请你用英文回复邮件，简述受灾的基本情况，谈谈令你印象深刻的人或事以及感受。 提示问题： ●What was the place like during the flood? ●Who or what impressed you? ●How did you feel? 注意： (1)词数80～100，开头已给出，不计入总词数； (2)可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； (3)文中不能出现真实姓名及学校名称。 Dear Peter, Thank you very much for your concerns._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ （书信作文） 6． 学生在校园里参加防震演练活动是很重要的。假如你是李华，请你根据以下图文提示，给你校校刊的英语专栏写一封信，谈谈作为学生我们应该如何在地震中保护自己。 注意事项： 1. 80词左右； 2. 内容必须包括所给的全部要点，可适当发挥； 3. 不得出现真实的姓名、地名和学校名称。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ （讲稿） 7．你将去做一个关于“洪水防灾”的演讲，为同学们介绍面临洪水时的防护。根据以下要点，请写作。100-120词。 What may happen What to do Before the flood Heavy rainfall, … Do: prepare medicine, water and food. Don’t: … During the flood power cut,… Do: drink clean water Don’t: walk through floodwater 提示词：emergency kit急救包；flashlight手电筒。 Hello everyone. Today I will share how to protect ourselves in a flood. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 参考答案 一、汉译英 1. When the heavy rain came, the villagers were moving to a safe place. 2. An old man was trapped in his house. 3. Two volunteers went to help him without thinking twice. 4. With everyone’s support, he finally reached the shelter. 5. The disaster showed us the power of courage and kindness. 6. The wind was howling, and the streets were covered with rainwater. 7. The volunteers gave out food and clean clothes to the survivors. 8. With courage and support, people can rebuild their lives. 二、句型仿写 句型1：1. When the earthquake happened, the students were having class. 　　　 2. When the flood came, the children were having lessons at school. 句型2：1. While firefighters were rescuing people, volunteers were giving out food. 　　　 2. While the rescuers were working, the villagers were encouraging one another. 句型3：1. Without thinking twice, she gave her coat to the child. 　　　 2. Without thinking twice, he carried the injured girl on his back. 句型4：1. Suddenly, the ground began to shake strongly. 　　　 2. Suddenly, the rain began to fall more heavily. 句型5：1. With the support of her family and friends, she became confident again. 　　　 2. With the support of her teacher, the girl came out of the shadows. 句型6：1. The flood destroyed the houses but could not destroy people’s hope. 　　　 2. The storm damaged the roads but could not stop the rescuers. 三、书面表达 1．范文 Last Sunday afternoon, I was doing my homework in my room when suddenly the lights went out. It was a power cut. My little sister was watching TV, and she started to cry. My mum was cooking in the kitchen, so she had to stop. While I was looking for a flashlight, I heard a loud noise outside. It was raining heavily and the wind was blowing strongly. We stayed together in the living room. After about an hour, the power came back. I learned that we should always be prepared for unexpected events. 2．参考范文： Last Saturday, a heavy snowstorm hit someplace in Shaanxi and it caused a lot of problems. The wind was blowing strongly then and the thick snow covered the whole ground. People had to walk slowly through the deep snow. After it grew dark, the temperature dropped below zero. What’s worse, the road was icy because of the low temperature and that made it very hard for drivers to drive cars. A lot of traffic accidents happened that night. A car crashed into a big tree and the driver was badly hurt. Luckily, someone called 110 for help. In order to keep ourselves safe, I think we should keep calm and call 110 for help. 3．例文 Hi, everyone. I’m Li Hua, a Grade 8 student in Sunshine Middle School. Today I want to share how to keep yourself safe during an earthquake. Earthquake is one of the most terrible natural disasters. When an earthquake happens, there will be loud noise. Buildings will fall down because of the shaking of the earth and people may be trapped. Now I’d like to give you some tips in case there’s an earthquake. Hide under a table if you’re at home. If possible, you can also go to an open space. Remember to stay away from buildings, or you’ll get hurt. That’s all for my video. Thanks for your watching. 4． 例文 Dear Tom, I'm glad to share some safety tips with you. If an earthquake hits suddenly, stay calm first. Try to hide under a strong table or stand in a corner. Stay away from windows. If you are outdoors, move to an open area. During a flood, do not walk or drive through moving water. Go to higher ground as soon as possible. Here are some general rules: always listen to local weather reports, know the emergency numbers, and follow instructions from local people. It’s also good to have a small safety bag with water, food, and a flashlight. I'm sure these tips will help you have a safe trip. Welcome to China! Yours, Li Hua (词数统计：88词) 5．例文： Dear Peter, Thank you very much for your concerns. Heavy rains occurred in Mentougou District, causing serious damage in July 2023. Many low-lying communities flooded again. The streets were full of muddy water. The PLA men arrived immediately to rescue the villagers of the flooded areas. And they did their best to fight against the flood. They supplied the villagers with fresh vegetables and food. Some medical teams were organized to help us so that we could have a healthy diet. After a long time, everything went on very well. And that was a sign of victory. I was deeply moved by these people. Yours, Li Hua 6．例文 Dear editor, It’s crucial for students to take part in earthquake-prevention drills at school. As students, we should know how to protect ourselves during an earthquake. If we are in the classroom, we should stay under the desks and avoid running out in a panic. When we are on the playground, we should get away from buildings and trees. What’s more, we shouldn’t stand near tall objects. Earthquake drills help us stay safe. We should take them seriously. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 7．例文     Hello everyone. Today I will share how to protect ourselves in a flood.     Before the flood, heavy rainfall may cause rising water levels and house damage. We should prepare an emergency kit with medicine, clean water and enough food. Don’t forget to charge your flashlight and move valuable things to high places in advance.     During the flood, power cuts and traffic stops may happen. Remember to drink clean water and stay in safe high areas. Don’t walk through floodwater, as it is deep and full of hidden dangers that can hurt us.     By following these simple steps, we can keep safe when a flood comes.     That’s all. Thanks for listening! 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $