2026-2027学年人教版英语七年级上册同步语法讲解(动词)

2026-07-18
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动词 (语法讲解+分层精练) 目 录 一、动词的概念 1 二、动词的分类 1 1. 系动词(Linking Verbs) 1 2. 实义动词(Notional Verbs) 2 3. 助动词(Auxiliary Verbs) 2 4. 情态动词(Modal Verbs)—— 重点:can 2 三、情态动词 can 表示能力的用法(核心) 3 1. 肯定式 3 2. 否定式 3 3. 一般疑问式(及其回答) 3 4. 特殊疑问式 3 5. can 的其他常见用法 4 6. 与 be able to 的简单区分 4 四、分层练习题(共30题) 4 基础层(第1-10题) 4 进阶层(第11-20题) 5 挑战层(第21-30题) 7 一、动词的概念 动词(Verb)是表示动作、行为、状态或存在的词。在英语句子中,动词是核心成分,没有动词就无法构成完整的句子(除少数省略句外)。动词按功能和用法可分为四大类:系动词、实义动词、助动词和情态动词。 二、动词的分类 1. 系动词(Linking Verbs) 系动词本身有一定的词义,但不能独立作谓语,必须与表语(名词、形容词等)一起构成系表结构,说明主语的身份、状态或特征。 七年级常见系动词: 系动词 用法 示例 be(am/is/are) 表示“是、在” I am a student. / She is happy. 感官系动词 look(看起来), sound(听起来), smell(闻起来), taste(尝起来), feel(感觉) The cake looks nice. / It sounds good. 变化系动词 get, become, turn(变得) It gets cold. / He becomes a teacher. 持续系动词 keep, stay(保持) Keep quiet, please. ⚠️ 系动词后跟形容词作表语,不用副词。如:She looks beautiful(√),不说She looks beautifully。 2. 实义动词(Notional Verbs) 实义动词表示具体的动作或状态,有完整的词义,能独立作谓语。实义动词分为及物动词(vt.) 和不及物动词(vi.)。 类别 特点 示例 及物动词(vt.) 后面必须跟宾语意思才完整 I like apples. / She buys a book. 不及物动词(vi.) 后面不需要宾语意思已完整 He runs fast. / They come here. 💡 有些动词既可作及物又可作不及物,如:I study(vi.) / I study English(vt.)。 3. 助动词(Auxiliary Verbs) 助动词本身无词义或词义不完全,不能单独作谓语,必须与实义动词一起构成时态、语态、否定句和疑问句。 七年级常见助动词: 助动词 用法 示例 do / does / did 构成一般现在时/一般过去时的否定句和疑问句(实义动词前) I don't like it. / Does she come? will / shall 构成一般将来时 I will go there. have / has 构成现在完成时 I have seen it. 4. 情态动词(Modal Verbs)—— 重点:can 情态动词表示说话人的语气或态度(如能力、可能、许可、意愿等),不能单独作谓语,必须接动词原形。情态动词没有人称和数的变化(第三人称单数不加-s)。 七年级重点情态动词: 情态动词 含义 示例 can 能、会(表示能力) I can swim. may 可以(表示许可) May I come in? must 必须(表示义务) We must study hard. need 需要(表示必要) Need I go now?(七年级较少) 🎯 本讲重点详解 can 的用法(表示能力)。 三、情态动词 can 表示能力的用法(核心) 1. 肯定式 结构:主语 + can + 动词原形 + ... · I can play basketball. · She can speak English. · They can cook well. ⚠️ can 没有人称和数的变化:He can (√),He cans(×)。 2. 否定式 结构:主语 + cannot / can't + 动词原形 + ... · I cannot(can't) swim. · She can't dance. · We can't go there. ⚠️ cannot 是一个词,缩写为 can't,不是 can not(can not 也可但较少用)。 3. 一般疑问式(及其回答) 疑问结构:Can + 主语 + 动词原形 + ...? · Can you sing? · Can she ride a bike? 肯定回答:Yes, 主语 + can. · Yes, I can. · Yes, she can. 否定回答:No, 主语 + can't. · No, I can't. · No, she can't. 4. 特殊疑问式 结构:特殊疑问词 + can + 主语 + 动词原形 + ...? · What can you do? · Who can help me? · Where can I find him? 5. can 的其他常见用法(补充) · 表示请求或许可:Can I use your phone?(口语中常用) · 表示可能性(推测):It can be cold here.(有时会冷) 但在七年级上册,主要考查表示能力,即“会、能”。 6. 与 be able to 的简单区分(了解) · can 只有现在时和过去式(could),而 be able to 有更多时态。 · 七年级只要求掌握 can 的现在时用法,暂不深入。 四、分层练习题(共30题) 🔰 基础层(第1-10题)——考查 can 的基本形式、肯定/否定/疑问及回答 1. My sister ________ play the piano very well. A. can B. cans C. can to D. is can 答案:A 解析:情态动词 can 后接动词原形,且无人称和数的变化,不能说 cans,故选 A。 2. —Can you speak French? —________, I can't. A. Yes B. No C. Sorry D. OK 答案:B 解析:对 Can 引导的一般疑问句作否定回答用 No, 主语 + can't。故选 B。 3. I ________ swim when I was five, but now I can. A. can't B. couldn't C. can D. could 答案:B 解析:本题考查 can 的过去式 could。句意为“五岁时不会游泳”,表示过去的能力用 couldn't,故选 B。(七年级可适当了解 could) 4. ________ you help me with my math? A. Can B. Do C. Are D. Have 答案:A 解析:本题考查情态动词 can 表示请求或能力。句意为“你能帮我学数学吗?”用 Can,故选 A。 5. She ________ dance, but she can sing. A. can B. can't C. doesn't D. isn't 答案:B 解析:由 but she can sing 可知前文为“不会跳舞”,表示能力否定用 can't,故选 B。 6. —Can your brother ride a bike? —Yes, ________. A. he can B. he can't C. he does D. he is 答案:A 解析:肯定回答 Yes, 主语 + can。主语 your brother 用 he 代,故选 A。 7. We ________ see the teacher clearly from here. A. are B. can C. do D. have 答案:B 解析:句意为“我们能从这里清楚地看到老师”,表示能力用 can,后接 see 原形,故选 B。 8. Can she ________ English? A. speaks B. speak C. to speak D. speaking 答案:B 解析:情态动词 can 后接动词原形,speak 原形,故选 B。 9. —What can you do? —I ________ draw pictures. A. can B. am C. do D. have 答案:A 解析:回答 What can you do? 用 I can + 动词原形,故选 A。 10. Tom can't ________ his key. He is looking for it. A. finds B. find C. to find D. finding 答案:B 解析:can't 后接动词原形,find 为原形,故选 B。 📈 进阶层(第11-20题)——综合考查 can 与其他动词区分、语境判断及易混点 11. —Can you come to my party? —________, but I have to finish my homework first. A. Yes, I can B. Sorry, I can't C. I'd love to D. No, I don't 答案:C 解析:本题考查交际用语。虽然问句用 Can you...,但回答“我很想去”应用 I'd love to,但按语法选项应为 C,因为 A 和 B 是直接回答能力,但礼貌接受邀请常用 I'd love to。此题设定为中考常见题,最佳为 C。但若严格按能力回答,A 也可。此处出题意图是区分能力与意愿,故选 C。 12. My mother ________ cook, but my father can. A. can B. can't C. doesn't D. isn't 答案:B 解析:由 but my father can 可知前文为“妈妈不会做饭”,用 can't,故选 B。 13. —Can I use your phone? —Yes, you ________. A. can B. may C. must D. need 答案:A 解析:问句用 Can I... 表示请求许可,肯定回答用 Yes, you can,故选 A。 14. She is only three years old, but she ________ read and write. A. can B. can't C. may D. must 答案:A 解析:由 but 可知前后转折,三岁但会读写,表示能力用 can,故选 A。 15. —Can you ________ me your new watch? —Sure. Here you are. A. show B. to show C. showing D. shows 答案:A 解析:Can you 后接动词原形,show 为原形,故选 A。 16. We ________ play basketball after school because we have too much homework. A. can B. can't C. are D. do 答案:B 解析:由 because we have too much homework 可知没时间,所以不能打篮球,用 can't,故选 B。 17. —Who can answer this question? —I ________. A. can B. do C. am D. will 答案:A 解析:回答 Who can... 用 I can 简答,故选 A。 18. My grandmother is old, so she ________ walk fast. A. can B. can't C. may D. must 答案:B 解析:奶奶年纪大,所以“不能”走快,用 can't,故选 B。 19. —Can Lucy and Lily sing? —Yes, ________. They sing very well. A. they can B. she can C. they are D. she does 答案:A 解析:主语 Lucy and Lily 为复数,用 they 代,肯定回答为 Yes, they can,故选 A。 20. Please be quiet. We ________ hear the teacher clearly. A. can't B. can C. aren't D. don't 答案:A 解析:由 Please be quiet 可知现在太吵,听不清老师,用 can't,故选 A。 🏆 挑战层(第21-30题)——中考真题风格,综合性强,含情态动词辨析及语法综合 21. —Must I finish the work today? —No, you ________. You can do it tomorrow. A. mustn't B. can't C. needn't D. may not 答案:C 解析:本题考查情态动词 must 的否定回答。Must I...? 的否定回答用 No, you needn't(不必),不用 mustn't(禁止)。此处虽主要考 can,但综合了其他情态动词,故选 C。 22. You ________ play with fire. It's dangerous. A. can B. may C. mustn't D. needn't 答案:C 解析:句意为“禁止玩火”,用 mustn't 表示禁止,故选 C。(此题考查情态动词辨析) 23. —Can you play the guitar? —Yes, I ________, but I ________ play the piano. A. can; can B. can; can't C. can't; can D. can't; can't 答案:B 解析:由 Yes 可知会弹吉他,but 后表示不会弹钢琴,所以第一空 can,第二空 can't,故选 B。 24. I ________ believe what he said because he always tells lies. A. can B. can't C. may D. must 答案:B 解析:句意为“我不相信他说的话,因为他总撒谎”,表示“不能相信”用 can't,故选 B。 25. —________ I take this seat? —Sorry, it's taken. A. Can B. Must C. Need D. Shall 答案:A 解析:句意为“我能坐这个座位吗?”表示请求许可,用 Can I...,故选 A。 26. She is a clever girl. She ________ speak three languages. A. can B. may C. must D. should 答案:A 解析:句意为“她会说三种语言”,表示能力用 can,故选 A。 27. —Can your father drive a car? —No, he ________. He is too busy to learn. A. can B. can't C. doesn't D. isn't 答案:B 解析:否定回答 No, he can't,表示不会开车,故选 B。 28. We ________ go to the zoo today because it's raining hard. A. can B. can't C. may D. must 答案:B 解析:因为下大雨,所以“不能”去动物园,用 can't,故选 B。 29. ________ you show me your ID card, please? A. Can B. Must C. Need D. Shall 答案:A 解析:句意为“请你给我看一下身份证好吗?”表示礼貌请求,用 Can you...,故选 A。 30. I ________ find my keys anywhere. I think I lost them. A. can B. can't C. may D. must 答案:B 解析:由 I think I lost them 可知到处都找不到钥匙,用 can't find 表示“找不到”,故选 B。 1 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $ 动词 (语法讲解+分层精练) 目 录 一、动词的概念 1 二、动词的分类 1 1. 系动词(Linking Verbs) 1 2. 实义动词(Notional Verbs) 2 3. 助动词(Auxiliary Verbs) 2 4. 情态动词(Modal Verbs)—— 重点:can 2 三、情态动词 can 表示能力的用法(核心) 3 1. 肯定式 3 2. 否定式 3 3. 一般疑问式(及其回答) 3 4. 特殊疑问式 4 5. can 的其他常见用法 4 6. 与 be able to 的简单区分 4 四、分层练习题(共30题) 4 基础层(第1-10题) 4 进阶层(第11-20题) 5 挑战层(第21-30题) 6 一、动词的概念 动词(Verb)是表示动作、行为、状态或存在的词。在英语句子中,动词是核心成分,没有动词就无法构成完整的句子(除少数省略句外)。动词按功能和用法可分为四大类:系动词、实义动词、助动词和情态动词。 二、动词的分类 1. 系动词(Linking Verbs) 系动词本身有一定的词义,但不能独立作谓语,必须与表语(名词、形容词等)一起构成系表结构,说明主语的身份、状态或特征。 七年级常见系动词: 系动词 用法 示例 be(am/is/are) 表示“是、在” I am a student. / She is happy. 感官系动词 look(看起来), sound(听起来), smell(闻起来), taste(尝起来), feel(感觉) The cake looks nice. / It sounds good. 变化系动词 get, become, turn(变得) It gets cold. / He becomes a teacher. 持续系动词 keep, stay(保持) Keep quiet, please. ⚠️ 系动词后跟形容词作表语,不用副词。如:She looks beautiful(√),不说She looks beautifully。 2. 实义动词(Notional Verbs) 实义动词表示具体的动作或状态,有完整的词义,能独立作谓语。实义动词分为及物动词(vt.) 和不及物动词(vi.)。 类别 特点 示例 及物动词(vt.) 后面必须跟宾语意思才完整 I like apples. / She buys a book. 不及物动词(vi.) 后面不需要宾语意思已完整 He runs fast. / They come here. 💡 有些动词既可作及物又可作不及物,如:I study(vi.) / I study English(vt.)。 3. 助动词(Auxiliary Verbs) 助动词本身无词义或词义不完全,不能单独作谓语,必须与实义动词一起构成时态、语态、否定句和疑问句。 七年级常见助动词: 助动词 用法 示例 do / does / did 构成一般现在时/一般过去时的否定句和疑问句(实义动词前) I don't like it. / Does she come? will / shall 构成一般将来时 I will go there. have / has 构成现在完成时 I have seen it. 4. 情态动词(Modal Verbs)—— 重点:can 情态动词表示说话人的语气或态度(如能力、可能、许可、意愿等),不能单独作谓语,必须接动词原形。情态动词没有人称和数的变化(第三人称单数不加-s)。 七年级重点情态动词: 情态动词 含义 示例 can 能、会(表示能力) I can swim. may 可以(表示许可) May I come in? must 必须(表示义务) We must study hard. need 需要(表示必要) Need I go now?(七年级较少) 🎯 本讲重点详解 can 的用法(表示能力)。 三、情态动词 can 表示能力的用法(核心) 1. 肯定式 结构:主语 + can + 动词原形 + ... · I can play basketball. · She can speak English. · They can cook well. ⚠️ can 没有人称和数的变化:He can (√),He cans(×)。 2. 否定式 结构:主语 + cannot / can't + 动词原形 + ... · I cannot(can't) swim. · She can't dance. · We can't go there. ⚠️ cannot 是一个词,缩写为 can't,不是 can not(can not 也可但较少用)。 3. 一般疑问式(及其回答) 疑问结构:Can + 主语 + 动词原形 + ...? · Can you sing? · Can she ride a bike? 肯定回答:Yes, 主语 + can. · Yes, I can. · Yes, she can. 否定回答:No, 主语 + can't. · No, I can't. · No, she can't. 4. 特殊疑问式 结构:特殊疑问词 + can + 主语 + 动词原形 + ...? · What can you do? · Who can help me? · Where can I find him? 5. can 的其他常见用法(补充) · 表示请求或许可:Can I use your phone?(口语中常用) · 表示可能性(推测):It can be cold here.(有时会冷) 但在七年级上册,主要考查表示能力,即“会、能”。 6. 与 be able to 的简单区分(了解) · can 只有现在时和过去式(could),而 be able to 有更多时态。 · 七年级只要求掌握 can 的现在时用法,暂不深入。 四、分层练习题(共30题) 🔰 基础层(第1-10题)——考查 can 的基本形式、肯定/否定/疑问及回答 1. My sister ________ play the piano very well. A. can B. cans C. can to D. is can 2. —Can you speak French? —________, I can't. A. Yes B. No C. Sorry D. OK 3. I ________ swim when I was five, but now I can. A. can't B. couldn't C. can D. could 4. ________ you help me with my math? A. Can B. Do C. Are D. Have 5. She ________ dance, but she can sing. A. can B. can't C. doesn't D. isn't 6. —Can your brother ride a bike? —Yes, ________. A. he can B. he can't C. he does D. he is 7. We ________ see the teacher clearly from here. A. are B. can C. do D. have 8. Can she ________ English? A. speaks B. speak C. to speak D. speaking 9. —What can you do? —I ________ draw pictures. A. can B. am C. do D. have 10. Tom can't ________ his key. He is looking for it. A. finds B. find C. to find D. finding 📈 进阶层(第11-20题)——综合考查 can 与其他动词区分、语境判断及易混点 11. —Can you come to my party? —________, but I have to finish my homework first. A. Yes, I can B. Sorry, I can't C. I'd love to D. No, I don't 12. My mother ________ cook, but my father can. A. can B. can't C. doesn't D. isn't 13. —Can I use your phone? —Yes, you ________. A. can B. may C. must D. need 14. She is only three years old, but she ________ read and write. A. can B. can't C. may D. must 15. —Can you ________ me your new watch? —Sure. Here you are. A. show B. to show C. showing D. shows 16. We ________ play basketball after school because we have too much homework. A. can B. can't C. are D. do 17. —Who can answer this question? —I ________. A. can B. do C. am D. will 18. My grandmother is old, so she ________ walk fast. A. can B. can't C. may D. must 19. —Can Lucy and Lily sing? —Yes, ________. They sing very well. A. they can B. she can C. they are D. she does 20. Please be quiet. We ________ hear the teacher clearly. A. can't B. can C. aren't D. don't 🏆 挑战层(第21-30题)——中考真题风格,综合性强,含情态动词辨析及语法综合 21. —Must I finish the work today? —No, you ________. You can do it tomorrow. A. mustn't B. can't C. needn't D. may not 22. You ________ play with fire. It's dangerous. A. can B. may C. mustn't D. needn't 23. —Can you play the guitar? —Yes, I ________, but I ________ play the piano. A. can; can B. can; can't C. can't; can D. can't; can't 24. I ________ believe what he said because he always tells lies. A. can B. can't C. may D. must 25. —________ I take this seat? —Sorry, it's taken. A. Can B. Must C. Need D. Shall 26. She is a clever girl. She ________ speak three languages. A. can B. may C. must D. should 27. —Can your father drive a car? —No, he ________. He is too busy to learn. A. can B. can't C. doesn't D. isn't 28. We ________ go to the zoo today because it's raining hard. A. can B. can't C. may D. must 29. ________ you show me your ID card, please? A. Can B. Must C. Need D. Shall 30. I ________ find my keys anywhere. I think I lost them. A. can B. can't C. may D. must 1 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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2026-2027学年人教版英语七年级上册同步语法讲解(动词)
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2026-2027学年人教版英语七年级上册同步语法讲解(动词)
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2026-2027学年人教版英语七年级上册同步语法讲解(动词)
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