内容正文:
动词
(语法讲解+分层精练)
目 录
一、动词的概念 1
二、动词的分类 1
1. 系动词(Linking Verbs) 1
2. 实义动词(Notional Verbs) 2
3. 助动词(Auxiliary Verbs) 2
4. 情态动词(Modal Verbs)—— 重点:can 2
三、情态动词 can 表示能力的用法(核心) 3
1. 肯定式 3
2. 否定式 3
3. 一般疑问式(及其回答) 3
4. 特殊疑问式 3
5. can 的其他常见用法 4
6. 与 be able to 的简单区分 4
四、分层练习题(共30题) 4
基础层(第1-10题) 4
进阶层(第11-20题) 5
挑战层(第21-30题) 7
一、动词的概念
动词(Verb)是表示动作、行为、状态或存在的词。在英语句子中,动词是核心成分,没有动词就无法构成完整的句子(除少数省略句外)。动词按功能和用法可分为四大类:系动词、实义动词、助动词和情态动词。
二、动词的分类
1. 系动词(Linking Verbs)
系动词本身有一定的词义,但不能独立作谓语,必须与表语(名词、形容词等)一起构成系表结构,说明主语的身份、状态或特征。
七年级常见系动词:
系动词
用法
示例
be(am/is/are)
表示“是、在”
I am a student. / She is happy.
感官系动词
look(看起来), sound(听起来), smell(闻起来), taste(尝起来), feel(感觉)
The cake looks nice. / It sounds good.
变化系动词
get, become, turn(变得)
It gets cold. / He becomes a teacher.
持续系动词
keep, stay(保持)
Keep quiet, please.
⚠️ 系动词后跟形容词作表语,不用副词。如:She looks beautiful(√),不说She looks beautifully。
2. 实义动词(Notional Verbs)
实义动词表示具体的动作或状态,有完整的词义,能独立作谓语。实义动词分为及物动词(vt.) 和不及物动词(vi.)。
类别
特点
示例
及物动词(vt.)
后面必须跟宾语意思才完整
I like apples. / She buys a book.
不及物动词(vi.)
后面不需要宾语意思已完整
He runs fast. / They come here.
💡 有些动词既可作及物又可作不及物,如:I study(vi.) / I study English(vt.)。
3. 助动词(Auxiliary Verbs)
助动词本身无词义或词义不完全,不能单独作谓语,必须与实义动词一起构成时态、语态、否定句和疑问句。
七年级常见助动词:
助动词
用法
示例
do / does / did
构成一般现在时/一般过去时的否定句和疑问句(实义动词前)
I don't like it. / Does she come?
will / shall
构成一般将来时
I will go there.
have / has
构成现在完成时
I have seen it.
4. 情态动词(Modal Verbs)—— 重点:can
情态动词表示说话人的语气或态度(如能力、可能、许可、意愿等),不能单独作谓语,必须接动词原形。情态动词没有人称和数的变化(第三人称单数不加-s)。
七年级重点情态动词:
情态动词
含义
示例
can
能、会(表示能力)
I can swim.
may
可以(表示许可)
May I come in?
must
必须(表示义务)
We must study hard.
need
需要(表示必要)
Need I go now?(七年级较少)
🎯 本讲重点详解 can 的用法(表示能力)。
三、情态动词 can 表示能力的用法(核心)
1. 肯定式
结构:主语 + can + 动词原形 + ...
· I can play basketball.
· She can speak English.
· They can cook well.
⚠️ can 没有人称和数的变化:He can (√),He cans(×)。
2. 否定式
结构:主语 + cannot / can't + 动词原形 + ...
· I cannot(can't) swim.
· She can't dance.
· We can't go there.
⚠️ cannot 是一个词,缩写为 can't,不是 can not(can not 也可但较少用)。
3. 一般疑问式(及其回答)
疑问结构:Can + 主语 + 动词原形 + ...?
· Can you sing?
· Can she ride a bike?
肯定回答:Yes, 主语 + can.
· Yes, I can.
· Yes, she can.
否定回答:No, 主语 + can't.
· No, I can't.
· No, she can't.
4. 特殊疑问式
结构:特殊疑问词 + can + 主语 + 动词原形 + ...?
· What can you do?
· Who can help me?
· Where can I find him?
5. can 的其他常见用法(补充)
· 表示请求或许可:Can I use your phone?(口语中常用)
· 表示可能性(推测):It can be cold here.(有时会冷)
但在七年级上册,主要考查表示能力,即“会、能”。
6. 与 be able to 的简单区分(了解)
· can 只有现在时和过去式(could),而 be able to 有更多时态。
· 七年级只要求掌握 can 的现在时用法,暂不深入。
四、分层练习题(共30题)
🔰 基础层(第1-10题)——考查 can 的基本形式、肯定/否定/疑问及回答
1. My sister ________ play the piano very well.
A. can B. cans C. can to D. is can
答案:A
解析:情态动词 can 后接动词原形,且无人称和数的变化,不能说 cans,故选 A。
2. —Can you speak French?
—________, I can't.
A. Yes B. No C. Sorry D. OK
答案:B
解析:对 Can 引导的一般疑问句作否定回答用 No, 主语 + can't。故选 B。
3. I ________ swim when I was five, but now I can.
A. can't B. couldn't C. can D. could
答案:B
解析:本题考查 can 的过去式 could。句意为“五岁时不会游泳”,表示过去的能力用 couldn't,故选 B。(七年级可适当了解 could)
4. ________ you help me with my math?
A. Can B. Do C. Are D. Have
答案:A
解析:本题考查情态动词 can 表示请求或能力。句意为“你能帮我学数学吗?”用 Can,故选 A。
5. She ________ dance, but she can sing.
A. can B. can't C. doesn't D. isn't
答案:B
解析:由 but she can sing 可知前文为“不会跳舞”,表示能力否定用 can't,故选 B。
6. —Can your brother ride a bike?
—Yes, ________.
A. he can B. he can't C. he does D. he is
答案:A
解析:肯定回答 Yes, 主语 + can。主语 your brother 用 he 代,故选 A。
7. We ________ see the teacher clearly from here.
A. are B. can C. do D. have
答案:B
解析:句意为“我们能从这里清楚地看到老师”,表示能力用 can,后接 see 原形,故选 B。
8. Can she ________ English?
A. speaks B. speak C. to speak D. speaking
答案:B
解析:情态动词 can 后接动词原形,speak 原形,故选 B。
9. —What can you do?
—I ________ draw pictures.
A. can B. am C. do D. have
答案:A
解析:回答 What can you do? 用 I can + 动词原形,故选 A。
10. Tom can't ________ his key. He is looking for it.
A. finds B. find C. to find D. finding
答案:B
解析:can't 后接动词原形,find 为原形,故选 B。
📈 进阶层(第11-20题)——综合考查 can 与其他动词区分、语境判断及易混点
11. —Can you come to my party?
—________, but I have to finish my homework first.
A. Yes, I can B. Sorry, I can't C. I'd love to D. No, I don't
答案:C
解析:本题考查交际用语。虽然问句用 Can you...,但回答“我很想去”应用 I'd love to,但按语法选项应为 C,因为 A 和 B 是直接回答能力,但礼貌接受邀请常用 I'd love to。此题设定为中考常见题,最佳为 C。但若严格按能力回答,A 也可。此处出题意图是区分能力与意愿,故选 C。
12. My mother ________ cook, but my father can.
A. can B. can't C. doesn't D. isn't
答案:B
解析:由 but my father can 可知前文为“妈妈不会做饭”,用 can't,故选 B。
13. —Can I use your phone?
—Yes, you ________.
A. can B. may C. must D. need
答案:A
解析:问句用 Can I... 表示请求许可,肯定回答用 Yes, you can,故选 A。
14. She is only three years old, but she ________ read and write.
A. can B. can't C. may D. must
答案:A
解析:由 but 可知前后转折,三岁但会读写,表示能力用 can,故选 A。
15. —Can you ________ me your new watch?
—Sure. Here you are.
A. show B. to show C. showing D. shows
答案:A
解析:Can you 后接动词原形,show 为原形,故选 A。
16. We ________ play basketball after school because we have too much homework.
A. can B. can't C. are D. do
答案:B
解析:由 because we have too much homework 可知没时间,所以不能打篮球,用 can't,故选 B。
17. —Who can answer this question?
—I ________.
A. can B. do C. am D. will
答案:A
解析:回答 Who can... 用 I can 简答,故选 A。
18. My grandmother is old, so she ________ walk fast.
A. can B. can't C. may D. must
答案:B
解析:奶奶年纪大,所以“不能”走快,用 can't,故选 B。
19. —Can Lucy and Lily sing?
—Yes, ________. They sing very well.
A. they can B. she can C. they are D. she does
答案:A
解析:主语 Lucy and Lily 为复数,用 they 代,肯定回答为 Yes, they can,故选 A。
20. Please be quiet. We ________ hear the teacher clearly.
A. can't B. can C. aren't D. don't
答案:A
解析:由 Please be quiet 可知现在太吵,听不清老师,用 can't,故选 A。
🏆 挑战层(第21-30题)——中考真题风格,综合性强,含情态动词辨析及语法综合
21. —Must I finish the work today?
—No, you ________. You can do it tomorrow.
A. mustn't B. can't C. needn't D. may not
答案:C
解析:本题考查情态动词 must 的否定回答。Must I...? 的否定回答用 No, you needn't(不必),不用 mustn't(禁止)。此处虽主要考 can,但综合了其他情态动词,故选 C。
22. You ________ play with fire. It's dangerous.
A. can B. may C. mustn't D. needn't
答案:C
解析:句意为“禁止玩火”,用 mustn't 表示禁止,故选 C。(此题考查情态动词辨析)
23. —Can you play the guitar?
—Yes, I ________, but I ________ play the piano.
A. can; can B. can; can't C. can't; can D. can't; can't
答案:B
解析:由 Yes 可知会弹吉他,but 后表示不会弹钢琴,所以第一空 can,第二空 can't,故选 B。
24. I ________ believe what he said because he always tells lies.
A. can B. can't C. may D. must
答案:B
解析:句意为“我不相信他说的话,因为他总撒谎”,表示“不能相信”用 can't,故选 B。
25. —________ I take this seat?
—Sorry, it's taken.
A. Can B. Must C. Need D. Shall
答案:A
解析:句意为“我能坐这个座位吗?”表示请求许可,用 Can I...,故选 A。
26. She is a clever girl. She ________ speak three languages.
A. can B. may C. must D. should
答案:A
解析:句意为“她会说三种语言”,表示能力用 can,故选 A。
27. —Can your father drive a car?
—No, he ________. He is too busy to learn.
A. can B. can't C. doesn't D. isn't
答案:B
解析:否定回答 No, he can't,表示不会开车,故选 B。
28. We ________ go to the zoo today because it's raining hard.
A. can B. can't C. may D. must
答案:B
解析:因为下大雨,所以“不能”去动物园,用 can't,故选 B。
29. ________ you show me your ID card, please?
A. Can B. Must C. Need D. Shall
答案:A
解析:句意为“请你给我看一下身份证好吗?”表示礼貌请求,用 Can you...,故选 A。
30. I ________ find my keys anywhere. I think I lost them.
A. can B. can't C. may D. must
答案:B
解析:由 I think I lost them 可知到处都找不到钥匙,用 can't find 表示“找不到”,故选 B。
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动词
(语法讲解+分层精练)
目 录
一、动词的概念 1
二、动词的分类 1
1. 系动词(Linking Verbs) 1
2. 实义动词(Notional Verbs) 2
3. 助动词(Auxiliary Verbs) 2
4. 情态动词(Modal Verbs)—— 重点:can 2
三、情态动词 can 表示能力的用法(核心) 3
1. 肯定式 3
2. 否定式 3
3. 一般疑问式(及其回答) 3
4. 特殊疑问式 4
5. can 的其他常见用法 4
6. 与 be able to 的简单区分 4
四、分层练习题(共30题) 4
基础层(第1-10题) 4
进阶层(第11-20题) 5
挑战层(第21-30题) 6
一、动词的概念
动词(Verb)是表示动作、行为、状态或存在的词。在英语句子中,动词是核心成分,没有动词就无法构成完整的句子(除少数省略句外)。动词按功能和用法可分为四大类:系动词、实义动词、助动词和情态动词。
二、动词的分类
1. 系动词(Linking Verbs)
系动词本身有一定的词义,但不能独立作谓语,必须与表语(名词、形容词等)一起构成系表结构,说明主语的身份、状态或特征。
七年级常见系动词:
系动词
用法
示例
be(am/is/are)
表示“是、在”
I am a student. / She is happy.
感官系动词
look(看起来), sound(听起来), smell(闻起来), taste(尝起来), feel(感觉)
The cake looks nice. / It sounds good.
变化系动词
get, become, turn(变得)
It gets cold. / He becomes a teacher.
持续系动词
keep, stay(保持)
Keep quiet, please.
⚠️ 系动词后跟形容词作表语,不用副词。如:She looks beautiful(√),不说She looks beautifully。
2. 实义动词(Notional Verbs)
实义动词表示具体的动作或状态,有完整的词义,能独立作谓语。实义动词分为及物动词(vt.) 和不及物动词(vi.)。
类别
特点
示例
及物动词(vt.)
后面必须跟宾语意思才完整
I like apples. / She buys a book.
不及物动词(vi.)
后面不需要宾语意思已完整
He runs fast. / They come here.
💡 有些动词既可作及物又可作不及物,如:I study(vi.) / I study English(vt.)。
3. 助动词(Auxiliary Verbs)
助动词本身无词义或词义不完全,不能单独作谓语,必须与实义动词一起构成时态、语态、否定句和疑问句。
七年级常见助动词:
助动词
用法
示例
do / does / did
构成一般现在时/一般过去时的否定句和疑问句(实义动词前)
I don't like it. / Does she come?
will / shall
构成一般将来时
I will go there.
have / has
构成现在完成时
I have seen it.
4. 情态动词(Modal Verbs)—— 重点:can
情态动词表示说话人的语气或态度(如能力、可能、许可、意愿等),不能单独作谓语,必须接动词原形。情态动词没有人称和数的变化(第三人称单数不加-s)。
七年级重点情态动词:
情态动词
含义
示例
can
能、会(表示能力)
I can swim.
may
可以(表示许可)
May I come in?
must
必须(表示义务)
We must study hard.
need
需要(表示必要)
Need I go now?(七年级较少)
🎯 本讲重点详解 can 的用法(表示能力)。
三、情态动词 can 表示能力的用法(核心)
1. 肯定式
结构:主语 + can + 动词原形 + ...
· I can play basketball.
· She can speak English.
· They can cook well.
⚠️ can 没有人称和数的变化:He can (√),He cans(×)。
2. 否定式
结构:主语 + cannot / can't + 动词原形 + ...
· I cannot(can't) swim.
· She can't dance.
· We can't go there.
⚠️ cannot 是一个词,缩写为 can't,不是 can not(can not 也可但较少用)。
3. 一般疑问式(及其回答)
疑问结构:Can + 主语 + 动词原形 + ...?
· Can you sing?
· Can she ride a bike?
肯定回答:Yes, 主语 + can.
· Yes, I can.
· Yes, she can.
否定回答:No, 主语 + can't.
· No, I can't.
· No, she can't.
4. 特殊疑问式
结构:特殊疑问词 + can + 主语 + 动词原形 + ...?
· What can you do?
· Who can help me?
· Where can I find him?
5. can 的其他常见用法(补充)
· 表示请求或许可:Can I use your phone?(口语中常用)
· 表示可能性(推测):It can be cold here.(有时会冷)
但在七年级上册,主要考查表示能力,即“会、能”。
6. 与 be able to 的简单区分(了解)
· can 只有现在时和过去式(could),而 be able to 有更多时态。
· 七年级只要求掌握 can 的现在时用法,暂不深入。
四、分层练习题(共30题)
🔰 基础层(第1-10题)——考查 can 的基本形式、肯定/否定/疑问及回答
1. My sister ________ play the piano very well.
A. can B. cans C. can to D. is can
2. —Can you speak French?
—________, I can't.
A. Yes B. No C. Sorry D. OK
3. I ________ swim when I was five, but now I can.
A. can't B. couldn't C. can D. could
4. ________ you help me with my math?
A. Can B. Do C. Are D. Have
5. She ________ dance, but she can sing.
A. can B. can't C. doesn't D. isn't
6. —Can your brother ride a bike?
—Yes, ________.
A. he can B. he can't C. he does D. he is
7. We ________ see the teacher clearly from here.
A. are B. can C. do D. have
8. Can she ________ English?
A. speaks B. speak C. to speak D. speaking
9. —What can you do?
—I ________ draw pictures.
A. can B. am C. do D. have
10. Tom can't ________ his key. He is looking for it.
A. finds B. find C. to find D. finding
📈 进阶层(第11-20题)——综合考查 can 与其他动词区分、语境判断及易混点
11. —Can you come to my party?
—________, but I have to finish my homework first.
A. Yes, I can B. Sorry, I can't C. I'd love to D. No, I don't
12. My mother ________ cook, but my father can.
A. can B. can't C. doesn't D. isn't
13. —Can I use your phone?
—Yes, you ________.
A. can B. may C. must D. need
14. She is only three years old, but she ________ read and write.
A. can B. can't C. may D. must
15. —Can you ________ me your new watch?
—Sure. Here you are.
A. show B. to show C. showing D. shows
16. We ________ play basketball after school because we have too much homework.
A. can B. can't C. are D. do
17. —Who can answer this question?
—I ________.
A. can B. do C. am D. will
18. My grandmother is old, so she ________ walk fast.
A. can B. can't C. may D. must
19. —Can Lucy and Lily sing?
—Yes, ________. They sing very well.
A. they can B. she can C. they are D. she does
20. Please be quiet. We ________ hear the teacher clearly.
A. can't B. can C. aren't D. don't
🏆 挑战层(第21-30题)——中考真题风格,综合性强,含情态动词辨析及语法综合
21. —Must I finish the work today?
—No, you ________. You can do it tomorrow.
A. mustn't B. can't C. needn't D. may not
22. You ________ play with fire. It's dangerous.
A. can B. may C. mustn't D. needn't
23. —Can you play the guitar?
—Yes, I ________, but I ________ play the piano.
A. can; can B. can; can't C. can't; can D. can't; can't
24. I ________ believe what he said because he always tells lies.
A. can B. can't C. may D. must
25. —________ I take this seat?
—Sorry, it's taken.
A. Can B. Must C. Need D. Shall
26. She is a clever girl. She ________ speak three languages.
A. can B. may C. must D. should
27. —Can your father drive a car?
—No, he ________. He is too busy to learn.
A. can B. can't C. doesn't D. isn't
28. We ________ go to the zoo today because it's raining hard.
A. can B. can't C. may D. must
29. ________ you show me your ID card, please?
A. Can B. Must C. Need D. Shall
30. I ________ find my keys anywhere. I think I lost them.
A. can B. can't C. may D. must
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