2026-2027学年七年级英语上册同步语法讲解（代词）-（人教版）

该初中英语代词知识清单系统梳理了代词的核心内容，涵盖概念、分类（人称、物主、指示代词）及分层精练，搭建了从基础概念认知到用法规则掌握再到综合应用提升的递进式学习支架。 清单以“分类讲解+分层练习”为特色，通过表格对比人称代词主宾格、物主代词形代与名代差异，标注“it的特殊用法”等易错点，基础层巩固基本区分，挑战层融入中考真题风格，培养学生语言能力和思维品质，助力学生自主复习，也为教师提供精准教学辅助。

代 词 （语法讲解+分层精练） 目 录 一、代词的概念 1 二、代词的分类 1 1. 人称代词 1 2. 物主代词 2 3. 指示代词 2 三、分层练习题（共30题） 3 基础层（第1-10题）——考查人称代词主宾格、形代与名代的基本区分 3 进阶层（第11-20题）——综合考查代词混用、语境判断及固定搭配 4 挑战层（第21-30题）——中考真题风格，综合性强，含易混点 5 一、代词的概念 代词是用来代替名词（或名词短语）的词，其作用是避免重复，使语言更加简洁。在句子中，代词可以充当主语、宾语、表语等成分。 二、代词的分类 代词分为九大类，七年级重点考查人称代词、物主代词（含形容词性和名词性）和指示代词。 1. 人称代词 人称代词用来代替人或事物，有主格和宾格之分，也有单数和复数之分。 人称 单数 复数 第一人称 主格：I / 宾格：me 主格：we / 宾格：us 第二人称 主格：you / 宾格：you 主格：you / 宾格：you 第三人称 主格：he/she/it / 宾格：him/her/it 主格：they / 宾格：them 用法规则： · 主格作主语，放在谓语动词前： · I am a student. / She likes reading. · 宾格作宾语，放在动词或介词后： · Please help me. / I often play with them. · 人称代词的排列顺序（当多个人称并列时）： · 单数：you + he/she + I（第二→第三→第一） · 复数：we + you + they（第一→第二→第三） · 例：You, he and I are all students. ⚠️ 易错提示： · 作表语时（口语中）常用宾格：Who is it? —It's me. · it的特殊用法：表示天气、时间、距离，或作形式主语（这个在七年级稍有涉及，注意区分）。 2. 物主代词 物主代词表示“谁的”，分为形容词性物主代词（后接名词）和名词性物主代词（后不接名词）。 人称 形容词性（后+名词） 名词性（后无名词） 第一人称单数 my mine 第二人称单数/复数 your yours 第三人称单数 his / her / its his / hers / its 第一人称复数 our ours 第三人称复数 their theirs 用法规则： · 形容词性物主代词=“形容词”，后面必须加名词： · This is my book. / I love our school. · 名词性物主代词=“名词”，后面不加名词，相当于“形容词性物主代词 + 名词”： · This book is mine. (= my book) · Your bag is red. Hers is blue. (= Her bag) ⚠️ 易混对比： · This is my pen. ✅（后面有名词） · This pen is mine. ✅（后面无名词） · This is mine pen. ❌（名词性不能修饰名词） 3. 指示代词 指示代词用来指示或标识人或事物，有近指和远指之分。 指示代词表格 指代范围 单数 复数 近指（时间/空间近） this（这个） these（这些） 远指（时间/空间远） that（那个） those（那些） 用法规则： · 作主语、宾语、表语： · This is my desk. / I like these. · That is her bag. / Please look at those. · 打电话用语： · This is Lucy speaking. （介绍自己用this） · Is that Mary? （询问对方用that） · 指代上文提到的事情（用that/those）： · He was ill. That was why he didn't come. 三、分层练习题（共30题） 基础层（第1-10题）——考查人称代词主宾格、形代与名代的基本区分 1. This is my sister. ________ name is Cindy. A. She B. Her C. Hers D. His 2. —Who is ________? —________ is my friend Tom. A. that; That B. this; He C. that; He D. that; This 3. Please give ________ the book. A. I B. my C. me D. mine 4. These are ________ books. Are they ________? A. my; your B. mine; yours C. my; yours D. mine; your 5. ________ is a girl. ________ name is Helen. A. She; She B. She; Her C. Her; She D. Her; Her 6. —Are ________ your pens? —No, ________ are in the pencil box. A. these; they B. these; these C. they; these D. they; they 7. This is not ________ bike. ________ is over there. A. my; My B. my; Mine C. mine; Mine D. mine; My 8. ________ am a student. ________ are teachers. A. I; They B. I; We C. We; They D. They; We 9. —Who is the boy over there? —________ is my cousin. A. He B. She C. It D. That 10. This is ________ ID card. Please give ________ to ________. A. my; it; I B. my; it; me C. mine; it; me D. my; one; me 进阶层（第11-20题）——综合考查代词混用、语境判断及固定搭配 11. —Is this ________ schoolbag? —No, it's not ________. It's ________. A. your; mine; hers B. your; my; hers C. yours; mine; her D. yours; my; her 12. ________ all like watching TV. ________ TV is in the living room. A. We; Our B. Us; Our C. We; Ours D. Us; Ours 13. —Are ________ your parents? —Yes, ________ are. And I love ________ very much. A. these; they; they B. these; they; them C. they; these; them D. they; they; them 14. My pen is red. ________ is blue. Please give ________ the blue one. A. Your; me B. Yours; me C. Yours; I D. Your; I 15. —Is this ________ ruler? —No, ________ is in my pencil box. A. you; my B. your; mine C. yours; my D. your; my 16. ________ are good friends. ________ parents often go out together. A. He and I; Our B. I and he; Our C. He and I; We D. I and he; We 17. —Look at ________ boy. ________ is my brother. —________ name is Tom, right? A. that; He; He B. that; He; His C. this; He; He D. this; It; His 18. This is ________ book. ________ is over there. A. his; Her B. his; Hers C. him; Hers D. him; Her 19. Please help ________ to some fruit, children. A. yourself B. yourselves C. you D. your 20. My sister is a teacher. ________ students like ________ very much. A. Her; she B. His; her C. Her; her D. His; she 挑战层（第21-30题）——中考真题风格，综合性强，含易混点 21. —The shoes are very nice. Are they ________? —No, they are ________. ________ are on the shelf. A. your; hers; My B. yours; her; Mine C. yours; hers; Mine D. your; her; My 22. —________ is that girl under the tree? —________ is my cousin. ________ name is Sally. A. Who; She; She B. Who; She; Her C. What; She; Her D. Where; It; Her 23. —Is this ________ dictionary? —No, it's not ________. ________ is in the bag. A. you; me; My B. your; mine; My C. your; mine; Mine D. yours; mine; Mine 24. ________ are from China. ________ English teacher is Mr. Wang. A. We; We B. We; Our C. Us; Our D. Us; We 25. I have a cat. ________ name is Mimi. ________ is very cute. A. It; It B. Its; It C. It's; It D. Its; Its 26. —Hello, is ________ Mary? —No, ________ is Lucy. A. that; this B. this; that C. that; that D. this; this 27. This room is ________. They share it. A. Tom and Tim's B. Tom's and Tim's C. Tom and Tim D. Tom's and Tim 28. —________ bike is this? —It's ________. She bought it yesterday. A. Who; her B. Whose; hers C. Who; hers D. Whose; her 29. My mother is busy. ________ has no time to play with ________. A. She; I B. She; me C. Her; I D. Her; me 30. The apples on the table are ________. Please pass ________ to ________. A. ours; they; us B. ours; them; us C. our; them; we D. our; they; we 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 代 词 （语法讲解+分层精练） 目 录 一、代词的概念 1 二、代词的分类 1 1. 人称代词 1 2. 物主代词 2 3. 指示代词 2 三、分层练习题（共30题） 3 基础层（第1-10题）——考查人称代词主宾格、形代与名代的基本区分 3 进阶层（第11-20题）——综合考查代词混用、语境判断及固定搭配 5 挑战层（第21-30题）——中考真题风格，综合性强，含易混点 6 一、代词的概念 代词是用来代替名词（或名词短语）的词，其作用是避免重复，使语言更加简洁。在句子中，代词可以充当主语、宾语、表语等成分。 二、代词的分类 代词分为九大类，七年级重点考查人称代词、物主代词（含形容词性和名词性）和指示代词。 1. 人称代词 人称代词用来代替人或事物，有主格和宾格之分，也有单数和复数之分。 人称 单数 复数 第一人称 主格：I / 宾格：me 主格：we / 宾格：us 第二人称 主格：you / 宾格：you 主格：you / 宾格：you 第三人称 主格：he/she/it / 宾格：him/her/it 主格：they / 宾格：them 用法规则： · 主格作主语，放在谓语动词前： · I am a student. / She likes reading. · 宾格作宾语，放在动词或介词后： · Please help me. / I often play with them. · 人称代词的排列顺序（当多个人称并列时）： · 单数：you + he/she + I（第二→第三→第一） · 复数：we + you + they（第一→第二→第三） · 例：You, he and I are all students. ⚠️ 易错提示： · 作表语时（口语中）常用宾格：Who is it? —It's me. · it的特殊用法：表示天气、时间、距离，或作形式主语（这个在七年级稍有涉及，注意区分）。 2. 物主代词 物主代词表示“谁的”，分为形容词性物主代词（后接名词）和名词性物主代词（后不接名词）。 人称 形容词性（后+名词） 名词性（后无名词） 第一人称单数 my mine 第二人称单数/复数 your yours 第三人称单数 his / her / its his / hers / its 第一人称复数 our ours 第三人称复数 their theirs 用法规则： · 形容词性物主代词=“形容词”，后面必须加名词： · This is my book. / I love our school. · 名词性物主代词=“名词”，后面不加名词，相当于“形容词性物主代词 + 名词”： · This book is mine. (= my book) · Your bag is red. Hers is blue. (= Her bag) ⚠️ 易混对比： · This is my pen. ✅（后面有名词） · This pen is mine. ✅（后面无名词） · This is mine pen. ❌（名词性不能修饰名词） 3. 指示代词 指示代词用来指示或标识人或事物，有近指和远指之分。 指示代词表格 指代范围 单数 复数 近指（时间/空间近） this（这个） these（这些） 远指（时间/空间远） that（那个） those（那些） 用法规则： · 作主语、宾语、表语： · This is my desk. / I like these. · That is her bag. / Please look at those. · 打电话用语： · This is Lucy speaking. （介绍自己用this） · Is that Mary? （询问对方用that） · 指代上文提到的事情（用that/those）： · He was ill. That was why he didn't come. 三、分层练习题（共30题） 基础层（第1-10题）——考查人称代词主宾格、形代与名代的基本区分 1. This is my sister. ________ name is Cindy. A. She B. Her C. Hers D. His 答案：B 解析：本题考查形容词性物主代词。空后name为名词，需用形容词性物主代词修饰，Cindy为女孩，用Her，故选B。 2. —Who is ________? —________ is my friend Tom. A. that; That B. this; He C. that; He D. that; This 答案：C 解析：本题考查指示代词和人称代词的区分。第一空询问远处的人，用that；第二空作主语指代Tom（男性），用人称代词主格He，不能用this/that作人称代词主语（通常用it/he/she回答），故选C。 3. Please give ________ the book. A. I B. my C. me D. mine 答案：C 解析：本题考查人称代词宾格。give为动词，后接间接宾语，应用人称代词宾格me，故选C。 4. These are ________ books. Are they ________? A. my; your B. mine; yours C. my; yours D. mine; your 答案：C 解析：第一空后接books，用形容词性物主代词my；第二空后无名词，用名词性物主代词yours（= your books），故选C。 5. ________ is a girl. ________ name is Helen. A. She; She B. She; Her C. Her; She D. Her; Her 答案：B 解析：第一空作主语用主格She；第二空后接name用形容词性物主代词Her，故选B。 6. —Are ________ your pens? —No, ________ are in the pencil box. A. these; they B. these; these C. they; these D. they; they 答案：A 解析：第一空询问近处的复数物品，用指示代词these作主语；第二空指代上文的pens，用人称代词主格they作主语，故选A。 7. This is not ________ bike. ________ is over there. A. my; My B. my; Mine C. mine; Mine D. mine; My 答案：B 解析：第一空后接bike用形容词性物主代词my；第二空后无名词用名词性物主代词Mine（= My bike），故选B。 8. ________ am a student. ________ are teachers. A. I; They B. I; We C. We; They D. They; We 答案：A 解析：第一空主语为“我”用I；第二空指代“老师们”用复数主格They，故选A。 9. —Who is the boy over there? —________ is my cousin. A. He B. She C. It D. That 答案：A 解析：本题考查人称代词主格作主语指代性别已知的人。the boy为男性，用He作答，故选A。 10. This is ________ ID card. Please give ________ to ________. A. my; it; I B. my; it; me C. mine; it; me D. my; one; me 答案：B 解析：第一空后接ID card用my；第二空指代ID card用it；第三空位于介词to后，用人称代词宾格me，故选B。 进阶层（第11-20题）——综合考查代词混用、语境判断及固定搭配 11. —Is this ________ schoolbag? —No, it's not ________. It's ________. A. your; mine; hers B. your; my; hers C. yours; mine; her D. yours; my; her 答案：A 解析：第一空后接schoolbag用your；第二空后无名词，指代“我的书包”用mine；第三空后无名词，指代“她的书包”用hers，故选A。 12. ________ all like watching TV. ________ TV is in the living room. A. We; Our B. Us; Our C. We; Ours D. Us; Ours 答案：A 解析：第一空作主语用主格We；第二空后接TV用形容词性物主代词Our，故选A。 13. —Are ________ your parents? —Yes, ________ are. And I love ________ very much. A. these; they; they B. these; they; them C. they; these; them D. they; they; them 答案：B 解析：第一空询问近处的人用these；第二空作主语指代parents用they；第三空作love的宾语用them，故选B。 14. My pen is red. ________ is blue. Please give ________ the blue one. A. Your; me B. Yours; me C. Yours; I D. Your; I 答案：B 解析：第一空后无名词，指代“你的钢笔”用名词性物主代词Yours；第二空位于give后作间接宾语，用宾格me，故选B。 15. —Is this ________ ruler? —No, ________ is in my pencil box. A. you; my B. your; mine C. yours; my D. your; my 答案：B 解析：第一空后接ruler用your；第二空后无名词，指代“我的尺子”用mine，故选B。 16. ________ are good friends. ________ parents often go out together. A. He and I; Our B. I and he; Our C. He and I; We D. I and he; We 答案：A 解析：第一空并列代词作主语，单数人称顺序为“第二→第三→第一”，即He and I；第二空后接parents用形容词性物主代词Our，故选A。 17. —Look at ________ boy. ________ is my brother. —________ name is Tom, right? A. that; He; He B. that; He; His C. this; He; He D. this; It; His 答案：B 解析：第一空指代远处那个男孩用that；第二空作主语指代boy用He；第三空后接name用His，故选B。 18. This is ________ book. ________ is over there. A. his; Her B. his; Hers C. him; Hers D. him; Her 答案：B 解析：第一空后接book用his；第二空后无名词，指代“她的书”用Hers，故选B。 19. Please help ________ to some fruit, children. A. yourself B. yourselves C. you D. your 答案：B 解析：本题考查固定搭配help oneself to...（请自便）。children为复数，反身代词用yourselves。本题虽涉及反身代词，但在七年级阅读中常见，故选B。 20. My sister is a teacher. ________ students like ________ very much. A. Her; she B. His; her C. Her; her D. His; she 答案：C 解析：第一空后接students用Her；第二空作like的宾语，指代“我姐姐”，用宾格her，故选C。 挑战层（第21-30题）——中考真题风格，综合性强，含易混点 21. —The shoes are very nice. Are they ________? —No, they are ________. ________ are on the shelf. A. your; hers; My B. yours; her; Mine C. yours; hers; Mine D. your; her; My 答案：C 解析：第一空后无名词用Yours（你的鞋子）；第二空后无名词用hers（她的鞋子）；第三空作主语指代“我的鞋子”用Mine（= My shoes）。故选C。 22. —________ is that girl under the tree? —________ is my cousin. ________ name is Sally. A. Who; She; She B. Who; She; Her C. What; She; Her D. Where; It; Her 答案：B 解析：第一空询问“谁”用Who；第二空作主语指代girl用She；第三空后接name用Her，故选B。 23. —Is this ________ dictionary? —No, it's not ________. ________ is in the bag. A. you; me; My B. your; mine; My C. your; mine; Mine D. yours; mine; Mine 答案：C 解析：第一空后接dictionary用your；第二空后无名词用mine；第三空作主语指代“我的字典”用Mine（= My dictionary is in the bag.），故选C。 24. ________ are from China. ________ English teacher is Mr. Wang. A. We; We B. We; Our C. Us; Our D. Us; We 答案：B 解析：第一空作主语用We；第二空后接teacher用Our，故选B。 25. I have a cat. ________ name is Mimi. ________ is very cute. A. It; It B. Its; It C. It's; It D. Its; Its 答案：B 解析：第一空后接name用Its（它的）；第二空作主语指代cat用It（人称代词主格），故选B。 26. —Hello, is ________ Mary? —No, ________ is Lucy. A. that; this B. this; that C. that; that D. this; this 答案：A 解析：本题考查打电话用语（也用于询问远处的人）。询问对方用Is that...；回答介绍自己用This is...。此处第二空“这是Lucy”用this，故选A。 27. This room is ________. They share it. A. Tom and Tim's B. Tom's and Tim's C. Tom and Tim D. Tom's and Tim 答案：A 解析：本题结合名词所有格考查代词指代。由They share it可知是共同拥有，应在最后一个人名后加's。但本题若不仔细会误选，实际考查的是所有格表示“谁的”，对应代词whose的用法。故选A。 28. —________ bike is this? —It's ________. She bought it yesterday. A. Who; her B. Whose; hers C. Who; hers D. Whose; her 答案：B 解析：第一空询问“谁的”用Whose；第二空后无名词，指代“她的自行车”用名词性物主代词hers，故选B。 29. My mother is busy. ________ has no time to play with ________. A. She; I B. She; me C. Her; I D. Her; me 答案：B 解析：第一空作主语指代My mother用She；第二空位于介词with后作宾语用me，故选B。 30. The apples on the table are ________. Please pass ________ to ________. A. ours; they; us B. ours; them; us C. our; them; we D. our; they; we 答案：B 解析：第一空后无名词用ours（我们的苹果）；第二空作pass的宾语，指代apples用them；第三空位于介词to后作宾语用us，故选B。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $