精品解析：广东华南师范大学附属中学2025-2026学年高一第二学期期末英语试题

2025-2026学年第二学期高一年级期末测试 英语试题 本试卷共10页，满分150分。考试用时120分钟。 注意事项： 1.答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在题卡上。 2.作答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。作答非选择题时，用黑色钢笔或签字笔将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 3.考试结束后，监考员将答题卡交回。 第一部分 听力(共两节，满分20分) 第一节 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话读两遍。 1. What do we know about Mrs. Black? A. She’s from Germany. B. She has a British accent. C. She taught science before. 2. When will the woman’s flight take off tomorrow? A. At 8:00 am. B. At 9:00 am. C. At 11:00 am. 3. What does the woman advise the man to do? A. Travel to France. B. Learn more French words. C. Research into French culture. 4. What is the weather like now? A. Rainy. B. Sunny. C. Snowy. 5. What are the speakers talking about? A. How to deal with stress. B. How to keep healthy. C. How to prepare for exams. 第二节 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. What might the man be? A. A publisher. B. A writer. C. An editor. 7. What is the woman doing? A. Cheering the man up. B. Doing an interview. C. Recommending a book. 听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。 8. Where are the speakers? A. In a supermarket. B. At a university. C. At home. 9. What is the woman’s attitude toward the man’s idea? A. Understanding. B. Unclear. C. Disapproving. 10. What does the woman suggest the man do about changing majors? A. Do what he loves most. B. Learn from her own example. C. Consider what jobs he can get. 听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。 11. Why can’t Tom meet Ms. Greenwell today? A. Ms. Greenwell isn’t prepared. B. Ms. Greenwell refuses to see him. C. He makes an unannounced visit. 12. Why does Tom come here? A. To call on his investors. B. To have business discussions. C. To attend a conference. 13. What does Tom want Ms. Greenwell to do? A. Give him a call later. B. Meet with him tomorrow. C. Visit his company next week. 听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。 14. What did the man do previously? A. He cooked food. B. He served customers. C. He gave staff training. 15. Why does the man hesitate to be a host at first? A. He wants a better salary! B. He finds it is too tiring. C. He thinks it is a lone-person job. 16. What will the man do? A. Attend another interview. B. Draw up a training plan. C. Make a formal application. 17. How does the man sound at the end of the conversation? A. Satisfied. B. Puzzled. C. Disappointed. 听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。 18. Who is probably the speaker? A. A doctor. B. A teacher. C. A student. 19. What causes long-term tiredness in teens according to the speaker? A. A preference for drinking energy drinks. B. An addiction to screens and social media. C. The conflict between body clocks and social demands. 20. What does the speaker tell us in the end? A. How stress affects sleep quality. B. Why teens have trouble waking up early. C. How to arrange time properly before bedtime. 第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分) 第一节 阅读理解(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A When starting college, most students enjoy a week’s stay on campus before classes actually begin. What should you do with that time? Below are several tips to ease yourself into college life. Participating in Campus Welcome Activities Most universities host welcome events before the academic year officially begins, including freshmen orientations (迎新会), campus picnics, concerts and other entertainment. Participating in such events is a great way to learn about school facilities and understand campus culture: What do students do for fun? What are their favorite classes? What is the history of your university? It can help you experience campus life outside the classroom. Exploring Campus Getting to know where essential campus resources are — such as the student advising center, psychological services, and the tutoring center — will make your first few weeks on campus a lot easier, because you won’t have to look for them while still getting used to your classes. Take some time to check out the buildings where your classes will be held. This will prevent you from getting lost in the first few days of classes, and familiarize you with how long it takes to get from place to place. If you’re worried about taking classes one after another in different buildings, a quick test run won’t hurt. That way, you will avoid potential time delays in getting to your classes. Starting a Routine Before getting too excited about all of the fun things you will be able to do during the week, remember that you do have a pretty big schedule change coming up. Starting classes means being in different places at different times, so it’s a great idea to start getting used to that routine right this week. What helps you most is to schedule your sleep. Following the planned time will ensure you have enough sleep to get to those early classes and stay wide awake. If you have other daily routines, such as exercising or talking on the phone with family, work those into your day-to-day life before classes start so that you get a better idea of how they fit in with your schedule. 1. Why are freshmen advised to have a quick test run between buildings? A. To help those getting lost on campus. B. To avoid being late for the future classes. C. To see how many facilities they can use. D. To practice running on their way to class. 2. What does the author suggest freshmen do to stay focused in class? A. Take physical exercise before class. B. Leave their phones powered off. C. Take early classes every day. D. Keep to the sleep schedule. 3. What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage? A. To help freshmen organize campus activities. B. To share his college experience with the reader. C. To remind freshmen about the first day of school. D. To offer some tips on making an easier start at college. B The unforgiving demands of the IB program became my reality on the third day of school with an extremely strict physics lab. My teacher’s claim that no one would score above 90% shook my confidence. This anxiety was multiplied at home, where my father voiced his concerns over my flat SAT progress, a necessity for a celebrated university. The final catalyst for my breakdown was an unexpected rejection from the Regional Red Cross Youth Council. As vice president of my school’s chapter, I had never considered this possibility. The Red Cross was my passion and what I relied on to set me apart from other applicants. This rejection made my future seem dark, and I broke like a rubber band stretched beyond its limit. I found my mother, the woman who had sacrificed (牺牲) her own career and life for my opportunities and poured out my fears. She listened attentively before drawing a circle on the tablecloth. “This is your time,” she began, “eighty percent is schoolwork, ten percent the SAT, and ten percent extracurriculars.” She then looked at me with deep emotion and said, “But most importantly, at one hundred percent, is your mental health.” “Nothing is more important than your health,” she continued, “We want you to have a good job so you’ll be less stressed. If this path makes you so unhappy, it isn’t worth it. If you’re happier flipping burgers, so be it.” Her insight was a big relief. I realized a rubber band doesn’t have to keep stretching. A rubber band that wraps around your hair during the day and is allowed to rest on your nightstand at night won’t ever break. Though my routine remained the same — studying hard and pursuing excellence — my perspective was forever changed. The fear of failure lost its power, I am still reaching for the moon, but I am no longer afraid. For I know that if I miss, I will land right in my mother’s arms. 4. Why does the author mention her experiences in paragraph 1? A. To prove the difficulty of IB programs. B. To highlight her great academic pressure. C. To show the necessity of a good university. D. To complain about her strict teacher and father. 5. What does the underlined word “catalyst” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Cause. B. Symbol. C. Solution. D. Foundation. 6. From the author’s rubber band metaphor, we can infer that ________. A. flexibility is her most valued quality B. timely relaxation is essential to avoid breaking C. constant stretching leads to better performance D. success requires working under extreme pressure 7. What gives the author the courage to “reach for the moon” without fear? A. Her mastery of effective learning methods. B. Her final acceptance of her academic talent. C. Her mother’s unconditional love and support. D. Her realization of the importance of a flexible schedule. C Imagine it’s Saturday morning. You’re relaxing when your best friend texts, “Could you help me move today?” You sigh — there go your weekend plans — but reply, “Of course.” A week later, a coworker you barely know asks for a hand. This time, you hesitate. Psychologists call this tendency “social discounting”: our generosity declines as social distance increases. But what happens in the brain during these decisions? A small region called the basolateral amygdala (BLA) plays a key role. It helps us balance self-interest with social intentions by assigning value to both our own well-being and that of others. To test this, researchers studied individuals in South Africa with Urbach-Wiethe disease, a rare genetic condition that damages the BLA. They compared five women with this disease to 16 healthy participants in a social discounting task. Each person listed eight people, ranging from their closest friend to a complete stranger, and decided how much money to share with each. As expected, all participants gave more to close contacts. Interestingly, those with BLA damage were less generous overall, and their generosity decreased more sharply as social distance increased. These differences could not be explained by personality or empathy levels. The findings suggest the BLA helps people create a “model” of the social world to guide decision-making. An unharmed BLA allows us to consider social context and rules when deciding whether to be generous. Without it, individuals may rely on a “standard” strategy, unless the receiver is emotionally very close, in which case helping remains automatic. Generosity is therefore not an all-or-nothing trait; it is a model-based social behavior, shaped by how close we feel to the receiver of help. And deep in the brain, the basolateral amygdala is helping us do that calculation. 8. Why does the author describe the “moving-day dilemma” in paragraph 1? A. To illustrate how social discounting works. B. To argue people should treat others equally. C. To show generosity is mainly driven by emotions. D. To suggest a conflict between self and others’ interest. 9. What do researchers try to show by comparing the two groups? A. The risk of the Urbach-Wiethe disease. B. The BLA’s role in social decision-making. C. The difference in participants’ social network. D. The personality’s influence on social discounting. 10. What can be inferred from the findings in social decision-making? A. People with Urbach-Wiethe are more generous. B. BLA damage leads to complete loss of generosity. C. BLA allows individuals to weigh social information. D. Personality can potentially affect BLA-harmed people. 11. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. The Brain’s Role: How We Balance Choices. B. The BLA: A Hidden Guide to Social Behavior. C. Social Discounting: Why We Help Our Friends. D. Urbach-Wiethe Disease: A Rare Genetic Condition. D Contextualism (语境主义) has a long history in historiography (历史编纂学), dating back to the work of historians such as Leopold von Ranke in the 19th century. His emphasis on understanding historical events as they actually were laid the groundwork for the development of contextualist approaches to historical interpretation. In the 20th century, historians such as Skinner and Pocock further developed contextualist approaches, emphasizing the importance of understanding historical texts and events within their specific linguistic (语言的) and cultural contexts. A contextualist approach to historical interpretation requires a deep understanding of the cultural, social, and time context in which historical events occurred. This involves considering factors such as the cultural standards and values of the time, the social structures and institutions that shaped historical events, and the time context, including the specific historical period and any relevant events or trends. One of the key challenges of historical interpretation is avoiding anachronism (时代错位). Anachronism involves putting modern concepts, values, or beliefs onto historical figures or events. A contextualist approach helps historians avoid these errors by emphasizing the importance of understanding historical events within their specific context. For example, it would be anachronistic to put modern ideas of human rights onto historical figures such as Thomas Jefferson, who owned slaves yet became the leading author of the United States Declaration of Independence. Instead, historians must consider Jefferson’s actions within the context of his time, taking into account the popular attitudes towards slavery and human rights. While contextualism is a powerful approach to historical interpretation, it is not without its challenges and limitations. Some of the key challenges include: the complexity of reconstructing historical context, which can be incomplete; the risk of cultural and historical relativism (相对主义), which can make it difficult to evaluate certain historical events critically; the challenge of balancing contextual understanding with the need to draw broader conclusions and lessons from historical events. 12. What did Skinner and Pocock contribute to contextualism? A. They advanced its means. B. They stressed its objectives. C. They explained its necessity. D. They clarified its definition. 13. Which factor may belong to the “social context” mentioned in paragraph 2? A. Common values and opinions. B. Special customs and styles. C. Strict laws and regulations. D. Linguistic symbols and habits. 14. What does the author imply in paragraph 3? A. Jefferson ignored human rights. B. Causes behind actions were key. C. Jefferson was a virtuous leader. D. Subjectivity was uneasy to resist. 15. Why is contextualism an imperfect approach? A. It may reach a narrow conclusion. B. It may deal with second-hand records. C. It digs into some pointless elements. D. It avoids making objective judgments. 第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Elevators can trick your sense of gravity. Your actual weight doesn’t change, yet the number on the scale tells a different story. When the elevator starts going up, the number jumps. When it stops, the number falls. Going down does the opposite. ____16____ The answer lies in how physicists define “weight.” Your mass remains constant. Gravity near Earth’s surface stays essentially unchanged. ____17____ That upward push — called the normal force — is what a scale actually measures. This distinction reveals something surprising: you cannot feel gravity. Astronauts aboard the space station prove this. Earth’s gravity up there is still about 90% as strong as at the surface. ____18____ This is because they are falling together with the station at the same rate, so the floor never pushes up on them. Without that supporting force, they experience the sensation of weightlessness. An elevator briefly changes how hard the floor pushes back. When it starts rising, it must accelerate (加速) you upward. The floor pushes harder than normal. ____19____ That extra push might add about 10% to the scale reading. Once the elevator reaches a steady speed, acceleration stops and the reading returns to normal. When it slows at the top, the opposite happens — the floor pushes less, so you feel lighter. The same pattern plays out on the way down. ____20____ It connects to one of Einstein’s most important ideas. He realized that gravity and acceleration are fundamentally linked — an insight that helped him develop general relativity. A. But they feel weightless. B. For a second, you feel heavier. C. Still, is this effect permanent, or just a feeling? D. This everyday experience turns out to be profound. E. What changes is how hard the floor pushes upward. F. That is because the scale reading jumps when you go up. G. So why do you feel heavier or lighter at certain moments? 第三部分 语言运用(共四节，满分55分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 I tried to look brave as I climbed into the kayak (皮艇). It looked harmless — but the moment I sat down, it started ____21____ wildly. I was so nervous! How could I ever ____22____ to do this? “You’re doing great!” a ____23____ voice called out. It was my son. He guided me ____24____: “Right now! Too close to that boat.” Then, with a laugh: “Your right ____25____ is the one you write with!” For the next few minutes, he circled his kayak around mine like a guardian angel. I was ____26____ of tipping over. Luckily, it didn’t. Soon we were paddling into the open lake. “Nice job!” he ____27____. “See? It’s not that hard!” I felt ____28____ — like a baby duck learning to swim. On the way back, I even ____29____ him to a race. But when we finally came ashore, my legs ____30____ and he had to drag me out like a sack of potatoes. Still, he saved my ____31____: “You were amazing for a first-timer!” Then he took me to my favorite restaurant as a ____32____. Was it really just yesterday that I ____33____ his little fingers to make a paper boat and showed him how to ____34____ it? From that paper boat to this kayak, I have come a beautiful full ____35____! 21. A. raining B. rocking C. sinking D. running 22. A. refuse B. pretend C. fail D. agree 23. A. fearful B. cheerful C. helpful D. doubtful 24. A. patiently B. strictly C. regularly D. normally 25. A. corner B. side C. hand D. boat 26. A. tired B. convinced C. terrified D. ashamed 27. A. admitted B. joked C. encouraged D. announced 28. A. proud B. curious C. afraid D. confident 29. A. led B. followed C. introduced D. challenged 30. A. went away B. gave out C. bent down D. paid off 31. A. courage B. respect C. life D. pride 32. A. reward B. relief C. favour D. payment 33. A. bent B. raised C. guided D. used 34. A. move B. sail C. carry D. push 35. A. way B. change C. stop D. circle 第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 More than 200 years ago, an opera troupe (表演团) from what is now Anhui Province ____36____ (journey) to Beijing, the capital city, to celebrate Emperor Qianlong’s birthday during the Qing Dynasty. This historical event contributed ____37____ the birth of Peking Opera. Based on the clothing of the Ming and Qing dynasties, ____38____ costumes of Peking Opera underwent a transformation spanning over 200 years. Enriched by the diverse cultural influences from different ____39____ (region) across the country, these costumes ____40____ (gradual) evolved into a set of delicate, detailed and elegant dress codes. Costumes are crucial to the artistic beauty of Peking Opera, ____41____ (support) character images and enhancing the performance’s expressiveness. Upon a performer’s entrance onto the stage, seasoned audience can quickly ____42____ (identity) the character based on the costume and makeup. When several performers appear, it is also easy to tell the social position ____43____ they belong to in society, especially in the stories which ____44____ (set) in ancient China, in Tang and Song dynasties, for example. Traditionally, Peking Opera collection includes 3,000 stories set in Tang and 800 set in Song, as well as numerous ones in eras such as the Warring States Period, Ming and Qing. The ____45____ (present) of so many stories relies largely on costumes packed in the limited costume trunks owned by a troupe. 第三节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分) 根据汉语翻译，用必修三Unit4—选必一Unit3课本单词表中的词或短语完成英文句子，每空不超过3个单词。 46. 研究人员分析了长达半年的监测数据，总结出了气候变化的规律。 The researchers ____________ the six-month monitoring data and summed up the rules of climate change. 47. 忽视交通安全规则，往往会带来无法挽回的严重后果。 Ignoring traffic safety rules often brings about irreversible serious ____________. 48. 这款智能门禁系统支持自动人脸识别，无需手动刷卡即可通行。 This smart access control system supports ____________ face recognition, allowing access without manual card swiping. 49. 在评估学生的综合素质时，学业水平不应是唯一的标准。 When students’ comprehensive quality ____________, academic performances should not be the only criterion. 50. 借助数字化工具，教师能够以更高效的方式批改作业和统计成绩。 With the help of digital tools, teachers can correct homework and count scores in a more ____________ way. 51. 在任何情况下，学生都不得将手机带入考场。 Under no ____________ shall students bring mobile phones into the examination room. 52. 她被公认为是一名杰出的年轻作家，经常受邀在各大高校举办文学分享会。 Widely ____________ as an outstanding young writer, she is often invited to give literature sharing sessions in major universities. 53. 开始高中住校生活后，他慢慢变得独立起来。 After starting his high school boarding life, he gradually became ____________. 54. 从这个意义上来说，培养良好的阅读习惯是提升个人素养的重要途径。 ____________, developing good reading habits is an important way to improve personal quality. 55. 该市出台了公共场所禁烟令，有效降低了二手烟带来的健康危害。 The city issued a ____________ on smoking in public places, effectively reducing the health hazards of second-hand smoke. 56. 每一个科学理论都是在仔细的观察和详细的研究基础上提出的。 Every scientific theory is put forward on the ____________ of careful observations and detailed studies. 57. 自去年以来，这套节能环保的供暖方案已经被多个北方城市采用。 This energy-saving and environmentally friendly heating scheme ____________ by many cities in northern China since last year. 58. 在会议上，野生动物保护组织向公众呼吁，拒绝购买任何野生动物制品。 At the conference, wildlife conservation organizations ____________ the public to refuse to buy any wildlife products. 59. 那次科技展上展出的所有创意发明都是高一学生做的。 All the creative inventions ____________ at that science and technology exhibition were made by Grade10 students. 60. 这位工程师为自己研发的新型节水装置成功申请了国家专利。 The engineer successfully applied for a national ____________ for the new water-saving device he developed. 第四节(共10小题;每题1分，满分10分) 请在方框中选择合适的选项，填入短文的空格中，使短文完整连贯。注意：每个选项只能使用一次;方框中有一个多余选项。 A. odd B. external C. innovation D. procedures E. stretches F. signaled G. detected H. tailored I. eventually J. instantly K. aside The Campus Robot Competition The school’s maker space, which faces the playground, ____61____, from the first floor to the second floor, offering a spacious area for students to design and test their works. Its ____62____ wall is decorated with a huge mural of future technology, drawing the attention of every student who passes by. Two weeks before the city robot competition, the senior team was busy tuning their rescue robot. During a test run, they noticed a(n) ____63____ shake in the robot’s arm, which had never appeared before. A flashing red light on the main board ____64____ a system error, but the team could not tell the exact cause at first. At first, the team followed the standard testing ____65____ listed in the official guide, checking each part one by one. After three hours of careful inspection, they finally ____66____ that the problem came from an unbalanced internal gear. They realized the standard method could not solve the special issue, so they set the original plan ____67____ and tried to design a new solution themselves. They ____68____ a special balancing structure for this robot model, using 3D-printed parts to reduce the internal shake. When they restarted the machine, the arm stopped shaking ____69____ and moved as smoothly as expected. This practical ____70____ helped the team win the first prize in the competition and inspired more students to join the maker club. 第四部分 写作(满分25分) 71. 近年来，越来越多的博物馆推出了线上看展服务。你们学校的英文校报Technology vs. Tradition专栏就此现象展开征稿，话题是“Is visiting museums online a good or bad idea?”，请你写一篇文章投稿，内容包括： 1.你的观点； 2.说明理由。 注意： 1.词数100左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Is visiting museums online a good or bad idea? ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2025-2026学年第二学期高一年级期末测试 英语试题 本试卷共10页，满分150分。考试用时120分钟。 注意事项： 1.答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在题卡上。 2.作答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。作答非选择题时，用黑色钢笔或签字笔将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 3.考试结束后，监考员将答题卡交回。 第一部分 听力(共两节，满分20分) 第一节 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话读两遍。 1. What do we know about Mrs. Black? A. She’s from Germany. B. She has a British accent. C. She taught science before. 2. When will the woman’s flight take off tomorrow? A. At 8:00 am. B. At 9:00 am. C. At 11:00 am. 3. What does the woman advise the man to do? A. Travel to France. B. Learn more French words. C. Research into French culture. 4. What is the weather like now? A. Rainy. B. Sunny. C. Snowy. 5. What are the speakers talking about? A. How to deal with stress. B. How to keep healthy. C. How to prepare for exams. 第二节 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. What might the man be? A. A publisher. B. A writer. C. An editor. 7. What is the woman doing? A. Cheering the man up. B. Doing an interview. C. Recommending a book. 听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。 8. Where are the speakers? A. In a supermarket. B. At a university. C. At home. 9. What is the woman’s attitude toward the man’s idea? A. Understanding. B. Unclear. C. Disapproving. 10. What does the woman suggest the man do about changing majors? A. Do what he loves most. B. Learn from her own example. C. Consider what jobs he can get. 听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。 11. Why can’t Tom meet Ms. Greenwell today? A. Ms. Greenwell isn’t prepared. B. Ms. Greenwell refuses to see him. C. He makes an unannounced visit. 12. Why does Tom come here? A. To call on his investors. B. To have business discussions. C. To attend a conference. 13. What does Tom want Ms. Greenwell to do? A. Give him a call later. B. Meet with him tomorrow. C. Visit his company next week. 听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。 14. What did the man do previously? A. He cooked food. B. He served customers. C. He gave staff training. 15. Why does the man hesitate to be a host at first? A. He wants a better salary! B. He finds it is too tiring. C. He thinks it is a lone-person job. 16. What will the man do? A. Attend another interview. B. Draw up a training plan. C. Make a formal application. 17. How does the man sound at the end of the conversation? A. Satisfied. B. Puzzled. C. Disappointed. 听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。 18. Who is probably the speaker? A. A doctor. B. A teacher. C. A student. 19. What causes long-term tiredness in teens according to the speaker? A. A preference for drinking energy drinks. B. An addiction to screens and social media. C. The conflict between body clocks and social demands. 20. What does the speaker tell us in the end? A. How stress affects sleep quality. B. Why teens have trouble waking up early. C. How to arrange time properly before bedtime. 第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分) 第一节 阅读理解(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A When starting college, most students enjoy a week’s stay on campus before classes actually begin. What should you do with that time? Below are several tips to ease yourself into college life. Participating in Campus Welcome Activities Most universities host welcome events before the academic year officially begins, including freshmen orientations (迎新会), campus picnics, concerts and other entertainment. Participating in such events is a great way to learn about school facilities and understand campus culture: What do students do for fun? What are their favorite classes? What is the history of your university? It can help you experience campus life outside the classroom. Exploring Campus Getting to know where essential campus resources are — such as the student advising center, psychological services, and the tutoring center — will make your first few weeks on campus a lot easier, because you won’t have to look for them while still getting used to your classes. Take some time to check out the buildings where your classes will be held. This will prevent you from getting lost in the first few days of classes, and familiarize you with how long it takes to get from place to place. If you’re worried about taking classes one after another in different buildings, a quick test run won’t hurt. That way, you will avoid potential time delays in getting to your classes. Starting a Routine Before getting too excited about all of the fun things you will be able to do during the week, remember that you do have a pretty big schedule change coming up. Starting classes means being in different places at different times, so it’s a great idea to start getting used to that routine right this week. What helps you most is to schedule your sleep. Following the planned time will ensure you have enough sleep to get to those early classes and stay wide awake. If you have other daily routines, such as exercising or talking on the phone with family, work those into your day-to-day life before classes start so that you get a better idea of how they fit in with your schedule. 1. Why are freshmen advised to have a quick test run between buildings? A. To help those getting lost on campus. B. To avoid being late for the future classes. C. To see how many facilities they can use. D. To practice running on their way to class. 2. What does the author suggest freshmen do to stay focused in class? A. Take physical exercise before class. B. Leave their phones powered off. C. Take early classes every day. D. Keep to the sleep schedule. 3. What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage? A. To help freshmen organize campus activities. B. To share his college experience with the reader. C. To remind freshmen about the first day of school. D. To offer some tips on making an easier start at college. 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. D 【解析】 【导语】本文给大学新生提供开学前一周的三条建议：参与迎新活动、熟悉校园教学楼、提前建立规律作息，帮助新生轻松适应大学生活。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据Exploring Campus部分“If you’re worried about taking classes one after another in different buildings, a quick test run won’t hurt. That way, you will avoid potential time delays in getting to your classes.(如果你担心要接连在不同教学楼上课，提前实地走一遍不失为好办法。这样你就能避免上课路上可能出现的迟到延误。)”可知，文章建议新生提前实地走一遍教学楼间路线是为了避免今后上课迟到。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据Starting a Routine部分“What helps you most is to schedule your sleep. Following the planned time will ensure you have enough sleep to get to those early classes and stay wide awake.(对你最有帮助的是规划好睡眠时间。遵守规划的作息能保证你睡眠充足，准时上早课并且课堂上保持清醒专注。)”可知，作者建议新生遵守睡眠作息，以此在课堂保持专注。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“When starting college, most students enjoy a week’s stay on campus before classes actually begin. What should you do with that time? Below are several tips to ease yourself into college life.(刚步入大学时，大多数学生会在正式开课之前在校住一周。这段时间你该做些什么？下文有几条建议能帮你轻松适应大学生活。)”以及下文内容可知，全文围绕开学前一周给出三条适应校园的实用建议，由此可推断作者写作目的是提供建议，帮助新生平稳开启大学生活。 B The unforgiving demands of the IB program became my reality on the third day of school with an extremely strict physics lab. My teacher’s claim that no one would score above 90% shook my confidence. This anxiety was multiplied at home, where my father voiced his concerns over my flat SAT progress, a necessity for a celebrated university. The final catalyst for my breakdown was an unexpected rejection from the Regional Red Cross Youth Council. As vice president of my school’s chapter, I had never considered this possibility. The Red Cross was my passion and what I relied on to set me apart from other applicants. This rejection made my future seem dark, and I broke like a rubber band stretched beyond its limit. I found my mother, the woman who had sacrificed (牺牲) her own career and life for my opportunities and poured out my fears. She listened attentively before drawing a circle on the tablecloth. “This is your time,” she began, “eighty percent is schoolwork, ten percent the SAT, and ten percent extracurriculars.” She then looked at me with deep emotion and said, “But most importantly, at one hundred percent, is your mental health.” “Nothing is more important than your health,” she continued, “We want you to have a good job so you’ll be less stressed. If this path makes you so unhappy, it isn’t worth it. If you’re happier flipping burgers, so be it.” Her insight was a big relief. I realized a rubber band doesn’t have to keep stretching. A rubber band that wraps around your hair during the day and is allowed to rest on your nightstand at night won’t ever break. Though my routine remained the same — studying hard and pursuing excellence — my perspective was forever changed. The fear of failure lost its power, I am still reaching for the moon, but I am no longer afraid. For I know that if I miss, I will land right in my mother’s arms. 4. Why does the author mention her experiences in paragraph 1? A. To prove the difficulty of IB programs. B. To highlight her great academic pressure. C. To show the necessity of a good university. D. To complain about her strict teacher and father. 5. What does the underlined word “catalyst” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Cause. B. Symbol. C. Solution. D. Foundation. 6. From the author’s rubber band metaphor, we can infer that ________. A. flexibility is her most valued quality B. timely relaxation is essential to avoid breaking C. constant stretching leads to better performance D. success requires working under extreme pressure 7. What gives the author the courage to “reach for the moon” without fear? A. Her mastery of effective learning methods. B. Her final acceptance of her academic talent. C. Her mother’s unconditional love and support. D. Her realization of the importance of a flexible schedule. 【答案】4. B 5. A 6. B 7. C 【解析】 【导语】文章主要讲述了作者在IB课程、SAT考试和课外活动等多重压力下崩溃，母亲的开导让她重新找回勇气和希望的故事。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中“The unforgiving demands of the IB program became my reality on the third day of school with an extremely strict physics lab. My teacher’s claim that no one would score above 90% shook my confidence. This anxiety was multiplied at home, where my father voiced his concerns over my flat SAT progress, a necessity for a celebrated university. (国际文凭课程严苛的要求，在开学第三天，就因一堂极其严格的物理实验课而成为我的现实。老师断言没有人能拿到90分以上的成绩，这动摇了我的信心。回到家，父亲对我停滞不前的SAT成绩（进入名牌大学的必要条件）表示担忧，更加剧了我的焦虑)”可知，作者提到这些经历是为了突出她巨大的学业压力。 【5题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第二段中“The final catalyst for my breakdown was an unexpected rejection from the Regional Red Cross Youth Council. (我崩溃的最终catalyst是来自地区红十字青年委员会的一次意外的拒绝)”和“The Red Cross was my passion and what I relied on to set me apart from other applicants. This rejection made my future seem dark, and I broke like a rubber band stretched beyond its limit.(红十字会是我的热情所在，也是我赖以区别于其他申请者的支柱。这次拒绝让我的未来一片黯淡，我就像一根被拉伸到极限的橡皮筋一样，彻底崩溃了)”可知，因为被红十字青年委员会拒绝，作者彻底崩溃了，说明“被拒绝”是作者崩溃的“诱因”，划线词与“Cause”同义。 【6题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段中“I realized a rubber band doesn’t have to keep stretching. A rubber band that wraps around your hair during the day and is allowed to rest on your nightstand at night won’t ever break. (我意识到橡皮筋不必一直拉伸。白天缠在头发上、晚上被允许放在床头柜上休息的橡皮筋永远不会断裂)”可推知，橡皮筋需要适当放松，人也是如此，适时放松对于避免崩溃是必要的。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The fear of failure lost its power, I am still reaching for the moon, but I am no longer afraid. For I know that if I miss, I will land right in my mother’s arms.(对失败的恐惧失去了它的力量。我仍在追寻月亮，但我不再害怕。因为我知道，如果我没能触及，我会正好落在母亲的怀里)”可知，母亲无条件的爱和支持给了作者无畏追求的勇气。 C Imagine it’s Saturday morning. You’re relaxing when your best friend texts, “Could you help me move today?” You sigh — there go your weekend plans — but reply, “Of course.” A week later, a coworker you barely know asks for a hand. This time, you hesitate. Psychologists call this tendency “social discounting”: our generosity declines as social distance increases. But what happens in the brain during these decisions? A small region called the basolateral amygdala (BLA) plays a key role. It helps us balance self-interest with social intentions by assigning value to both our own well-being and that of others. To test this, researchers studied individuals in South Africa with Urbach-Wiethe disease, a rare genetic condition that damages the BLA. They compared five women with this disease to 16 healthy participants in a social discounting task. Each person listed eight people, ranging from their closest friend to a complete stranger, and decided how much money to share with each. As expected, all participants gave more to close contacts. Interestingly, those with BLA damage were less generous overall, and their generosity decreased more sharply as social distance increased. These differences could not be explained by personality or empathy levels. The findings suggest the BLA helps people create a “model” of the social world to guide decision-making. An unharmed BLA allows us to consider social context and rules when deciding whether to be generous. Without it, individuals may rely on a “standard” strategy, unless the receiver is emotionally very close, in which case helping remains automatic. Generosity is therefore not an all-or-nothing trait; it is a model-based social behavior, shaped by how close we feel to the receiver of help. And deep in the brain, the basolateral amygdala is helping us do that calculation. 8. Why does the author describe the “moving-day dilemma” in paragraph 1? A. To illustrate how social discounting works. B. To argue people should treat others equally. C. To show generosity is mainly driven by emotions. D. To suggest a conflict between self and others’ interest. 9. What do researchers try to show by comparing the two groups? A. The risk of the Urbach-Wiethe disease. B. The BLA’s role in social decision-making. C. The difference in participants’ social network. D. The personality’s influence on social discounting. 10. What can be inferred from the findings in social decision-making? A. People with Urbach-Wiethe are more generous. B. BLA damage leads to complete loss of generosity. C. BLA allows individuals to weigh social information. D. Personality can potentially affect BLA-harmed people. 11. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. The Brain’s Role: How We Balance Choices. B. The BLA: A Hidden Guide to Social Behavior. C. Social Discounting: Why We Help Our Friends. D. Urbach-Wiethe Disease: A Rare Genetic Condition. 【答案】8. A 9. B 10. C 11. B 【解析】 【导语】文章主要介绍了大脑中基底外侧杏仁核（BLA）在社交决策中的作用，揭示了BLA如何帮助人们根据社交距离调整慷慨程度。 【8题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“You sigh — there go your weekend plans — but reply, “Of course.” A week later, a coworker you barely know asks for a hand. This time, you hesitate. Psychologists call this tendency “social discounting”: our generosity declines as social distance increases. (你叹了口气——周末计划泡汤了——但还是回复：“当然可以。”一周后，一个你几乎不认识的同事请求帮忙。这一次，你犹豫了。心理学家将这种倾向称为“社交贴现”：我们的慷慨程度随着社交距离的增加而下降。)”可知，作者通过描述“搬家日困境”这一日常场景，引出了“社交贴现”这一心理学概念，是用具体事例说明其含义，第一段的作用是为了说明社交贴现是如何运作的。 【9题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“But what happens in the brain during these decisions? A small region called the basolateral amygdala (BLA) plays a key role. (但在这些决策过程中，大脑中发生了什么？一个叫做基底外侧杏仁核的小区域起着关键作用。)”以及第三段“To test this, researchers studied individuals in South Africa with Urbach-Wiethe disease, a rare genetic condition that damages the BLA. They compared five women with this disease to 16 healthy participants in a social discounting task. (为了验证这一点，研究人员研究了南非患有类脂蛋白沉积症的个体，这是一种罕见的遗传病，会损伤BLA。他们在一项社交贴现任务中，将患有这种疾病的5名女性与16名健康参与者进行了比较。)”可知，研究人员通过比较BLA受损患者与健康参与者，目的是测试BLA在社交决策中的作用。 【10题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段“The findings suggest the BLA helps people create a “model” of the social world to guide decision-making. An unharmed BLA allows us to consider social context and rules when deciding whether to be generous. (研究结果表明，BLA帮助人们创建一个社交世界的“模型”来指导决策。未受损的BLA使我们在决定是否慷慨时能够考虑社交情境和规则。)”可知，BLA使个体能够根据社交情境和规则调整决策，即权衡社交信息。 【11题详解】 主旨大意题。文章开篇引入“社交贴现”概念，第二段提出问题“大脑中发生了什么”并指出BLA起关键作用，第三段和第四段通过对比实验证明BLA受损影响慷慨程度，第五段解释BLA的功能，它能帮助创建社交世界模型以指导决策，最后一段总结慷慨是基于模型的社交行为，而BLA帮助进行计算。全文围绕BLA在社交决策中的作用展开，核心是揭示BLA如何指导社交行为。B选项“BLA：社交行为的隐性指南”准确概括了文章主旨。 D Contextualism (语境主义) has a long history in historiography (历史编纂学), dating back to the work of historians such as Leopold von Ranke in the 19th century. His emphasis on understanding historical events as they actually were laid the groundwork for the development of contextualist approaches to historical interpretation. In the 20th century, historians such as Skinner and Pocock further developed contextualist approaches, emphasizing the importance of understanding historical texts and events within their specific linguistic (语言的) and cultural contexts. A contextualist approach to historical interpretation requires a deep understanding of the cultural, social, and time context in which historical events occurred. This involves considering factors such as the cultural standards and values of the time, the social structures and institutions that shaped historical events, and the time context, including the specific historical period and any relevant events or trends. One of the key challenges of historical interpretation is avoiding anachronism (时代错位). Anachronism involves putting modern concepts, values, or beliefs onto historical figures or events. A contextualist approach helps historians avoid these errors by emphasizing the importance of understanding historical events within their specific context. For example, it would be anachronistic to put modern ideas of human rights onto historical figures such as Thomas Jefferson, who owned slaves yet became the leading author of the United States Declaration of Independence. Instead, historians must consider Jefferson’s actions within the context of his time, taking into account the popular attitudes towards slavery and human rights. While contextualism is a powerful approach to historical interpretation, it is not without its challenges and limitations. Some of the key challenges include: the complexity of reconstructing historical context, which can be incomplete; the risk of cultural and historical relativism (相对主义), which can make it difficult to evaluate certain historical events critically; the challenge of balancing contextual understanding with the need to draw broader conclusions and lessons from historical events. 12. What did Skinner and Pocock contribute to contextualism? A. They advanced its means. B. They stressed its objectives. C. They explained its necessity. D. They clarified its definition. 13. Which factor may belong to the “social context” mentioned in paragraph 2? A. Common values and opinions. B. Special customs and styles. C. Strict laws and regulations. D. Linguistic symbols and habits. 14. What does the author imply in paragraph 3? A. Jefferson ignored human rights. B. Causes behind actions were key. C. Jefferson was a virtuous leader. D. Subjectivity was uneasy to resist. 15. Why is contextualism an imperfect approach? A. It may reach a narrow conclusion. B. It may deal with second-hand records. C. It digs into some pointless elements. D. It avoids making objective judgments. 【答案】12. A 13. C 14. B 15. A 【解析】 【导语】文章主要介绍了历史研究中语境主义的发展历程、核心要素及其面临的挑战。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“In the 20th century, historians such as Skinner and Pocock further developed contextualist approaches, emphasizing the importance of understanding historical texts and events within their specific linguistic (语言的) and cultural contexts. (语言的) and cultural contexts.(在20世纪，诸如斯金纳和波考克等历史学家进一步发展了语境主义研究方法，强调在特定语言与文化背景下理解历史文本及事件的重要性)”可知，这两位历史学家推进了语境主义的研究手段或方法。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“A contextualist approach to historical interpretation requires a deep understanding of the cultural, social, and time context in which historical events occurred. This involves considering factors such as the cultural standards and values of the time, the social structures and institutions that shaped historical events.(语境主义的历史阐释方法要求深入理解历史事件所处的文化、社会和时代背景，这需要考虑当时的文化标准与价值观、塑造历史事件的社会结构与制度等因素)”可知，法律法规属于社会制度，而社会制度属于社会背景，即法律法规归属社会背景。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Instead, historians must consider Jefferson’s actions within the context of his time, taking into account the popular attitudes towards slavery and human rights.(相反，历史学家必须在杰斐逊所处的时代背景下考虑他的行为，考虑到当时流行的对奴隶制和人权的态度)”可知，作者强调理解历史人物行为背后的时代原因至关重要。 【15题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Some of the key challenges include: the complexity of reconstructing historical context, which can be incomplete; the risk of cultural and historical relativism (相对主义), which can make it difficult to evaluate certain historical events critically; the challenge of balancing contextual understanding with the need to draw broader conclusions and lessons from historical events.(一些主要挑战包括：重建历史语境的复杂性，这种重建可能是不完整的；文化和历史相对主义的风险，这可能使人们难以对某些历史事件进行批判性评价；以及在语境理解与从历史事件中得出更广泛结论和教训的需求之间取得平衡的挑战)”可知，语境主义的缺陷在于可能导致相对主义，从而避免做出客观的判断。 第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Elevators can trick your sense of gravity. Your actual weight doesn’t change, yet the number on the scale tells a different story. When the elevator starts going up, the number jumps. When it stops, the number falls. Going down does the opposite. ____16____ The answer lies in how physicists define “weight.” Your mass remains constant. Gravity near Earth’s surface stays essentially unchanged. ____17____ That upward push — called the normal force — is what a scale actually measures. This distinction reveals something surprising: you cannot feel gravity. Astronauts aboard the space station prove this. Earth’s gravity up there is still about 90% as strong as at the surface. ____18____ This is because they are falling together with the station at the same rate, so the floor never pushes up on them. Without that supporting force, they experience the sensation of weightlessness. An elevator briefly changes how hard the floor pushes back. When it starts rising, it must accelerate (加速) you upward. The floor pushes harder than normal. ____19____ That extra push might add about 10% to the scale reading. Once the elevator reaches a steady speed, acceleration stops and the reading returns to normal. When it slows at the top, the opposite happens — the floor pushes less, so you feel lighter. The same pattern plays out on the way down. ____20____ It connects to one of Einstein’s most important ideas. He realized that gravity and acceleration are fundamentally linked — an insight that helped him develop general relativity. A. But they feel weightless. B. For a second, you feel heavier. C. Still, is this effect permanent, or just a feeling? D. This everyday experience turns out to be profound. E. What changes is how hard the floor pushes upward. F. That is because the scale reading jumps when you go up. G. So why do you feel heavier or lighter at certain moments? 【答案】16. G 17. E 18. A 19. B 20. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。电梯升降会改变体重秤读数，使人体感轻重变化，根源是地板支持力的改变，失重也源于此，这一日常现象还关联着重要物理理论。 【16题详解】 根据上文“Elevators can trick your sense of gravity. Your actual weight doesn’t change, yet the number on the scale tells a different story. When the elevator starts going up, the number jumps. When it stops, the number falls. Going down does the opposite.(电梯会扰乱你的重力感知。你的实际体重并未改变，但秤上的数字却会呈现出不同的情况。电梯上升时，数字会上升；电梯停止时，数字会下降。电梯下降时则正好相反)”可知，前文讲述电梯升降时体重秤数值会发生变化，上升数值变大、下降数值变小；结合第二段开头“The answer lies in...(答案在于……)”可知空格处提出对应问题。故G选项“那么为什么你会在某些时刻感觉更重或更轻呢？”承上启下，衔接现象与答案。故选G。 【17题详解】 根据上文“The answer lies in how physicists define “weight.” Your mass remains constant. Gravity near Earth’s surface stays essentially unchanged.(答案在于物理学家是如何定义“重量”的的。你的质量是恒定不变的。在地球表面附近的重力基本上也是不变的)”以及后文“That upward push — called the normal force — is what a scale actually measures.(这种向上的推力——即所谓的“支持力”——正是秤所测量的力)”可知，空前说明人的质量、地球表面支持力基本不变；空后介绍向上的推力（支持力）才是体重秤测量的东西。故E选项“发生变化的是地板向上的推力大小”承接前文不变的因素，引出变化的核心要素。故选E。 【18题详解】 根据上文“Astronauts aboard the space station prove this. Earth’s gravity up there is still about 90% as strong as at the surface.(空间站上的宇航员们证明了这一点。在那里，地球的引力仍然大约是地球表面引力的90%)”以及后文“This is because they are falling together with the station at the same rate, so the floor never pushes up on them. Without that supporting force, they experience the sensation of weightlessness.(这是因为他们与空间站一同以相同的速率下降，所以地板不会对他们产生向上的推力。没有这种支撑力，他们就会感受到失重的感觉)”可知，前文指出空间站上的重力依旧是地表的90%；后文解释失重的原因。故A选项“但他们却感觉失重”形成转折，符合语境逻辑。故选A。 【19题详解】 根据上文“An elevator briefly changes how hard the floor pushes back. When it starts rising, it must accelerate (加速) you upward. The floor pushes harder than normal.(电梯会暂时改变地板向你反推的力量大小。当电梯开始上升时，它必须让你向上加速。地板的支持力比平时更大了)”以及后文“That extra push might add about 10% to the scale reading. Once the elevator reaches a steady speed, acceleration stops and the reading returns to normal. When it slows at the top, the opposite happens — the floor pushes less, so you feel lighter. The same pattern plays out on the way down.(这种额外的推力可能会使测量值增加约10%。当电梯达到稳定速度后，加速度就会停止，测量值也会恢复正常。当电梯在顶部减速时，情况则相反——楼层的推力变小，所以你会感觉更轻。在下降的过程中，同样的规律也会发生)”可知，前文提到电梯上升加速时，地板的推力比正常更大；后文说明额外推力会让秤的数值增加。故B选项“一瞬间，你会感觉更重”承接推力变大带来的身体感受。故选B。 【20题详解】 根据后文“It connects to one of Einstein’s most important ideas. He realized that gravity and acceleration are fundamentally linked — an insight that helped him develop general relativity.(这与爱因斯坦的一个最为重要的理论紧密相关。他认识到引力与加速度之间存在着本质上的联系——这一见解帮助他创立了广义相对论)”可知，后文讲述这一现象和爱因斯坦的重要理论、广义相对论相关，升华内容。故D选项“这种日常体验其实意义深远”总起本段，衔接日常现象与深奥物理理论。故选D。 第三部分 语言运用(共四节，满分55分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 I tried to look brave as I climbed into the kayak (皮艇). It looked harmless — but the moment I sat down, it started ____21____ wildly. I was so nervous! How could I ever ____22____ to do this? “You’re doing great!” a ____23____ voice called out. It was my son. He guided me ____24____: “Right now! Too close to that boat.” Then, with a laugh: “Your right ____25____ is the one you write with!” For the next few minutes, he circled his kayak around mine like a guardian angel. I was ____26____ of tipping over. Luckily, it didn’t. Soon we were paddling into the open lake. “Nice job!” he ____27____. “See? It’s not that hard!” I felt ____28____ — like a baby duck learning to swim. On the way back, I even ____29____ him to a race. But when we finally came ashore, my legs ____30____ and he had to drag me out like a sack of potatoes. Still, he saved my ____31____: “You were amazing for a first-timer!” Then he took me to my favorite restaurant as a ____32____. Was it really just yesterday that I ____33____ his little fingers to make a paper boat and showed him how to ____34____ it? From that paper boat to this kayak, I have come a beautiful full ____35____! 21. A. raining B. rocking C. sinking D. running 22. A. refuse B. pretend C. fail D. agree 23. A. fearful B. cheerful C. helpful D. doubtful 24. A. patiently B. strictly C. regularly D. normally 25. A. corner B. side C. hand D. boat 26. A. tired B. convinced C. terrified D. ashamed 27. A. admitted B. joked C. encouraged D. announced 28. A. proud B. curious C. afraid D. confident 29. A. led B. followed C. introduced D. challenged 30. A. went away B. gave out C. bent down D. paid off 31. A. courage B. respect C. life D. pride 32. A. reward B. relief C. favour D. payment 33. A. bent B. raised C. guided D. used 34. A. move B. sail C. carry D. push 35. A. way B. change C. stop D. circle 【答案】21. B 22. D 23. B 24. A 25. C 26. C 27. C 28. A 29. D 30. B 31. D 32. A 33. C 34. B 35. D 【解析】 【导语】作者初次划皮艇十分紧张，儿子一路耐心陪伴、不断鼓励。返程上岸后作者双腿发软，儿子夸赞她并请她吃饭。作者感慨时光轮回，从前自己教儿子折纸船，如今儿子守护笨拙的自己。 【21题详解】 考查现在分词。句意：它看起来没什么危险 —— 可我一坐进去，皮艇就剧烈地摇晃起来。A. raining下雨；B. rocking摇晃；C. sinking下沉；D. running奔跑。根据后文“I was so nervous”以及“tipping over（翻船）”可知，此处指皮艇不稳、左右晃动。 【22题详解】 考查动词。句意：我当初怎么会同意来做这件事？A. refuse拒绝；B. pretend假装；C. fail失败；D. agree同意。根据前文“it started 　　　　 wildly. I was so nervous!”以及语境可知，作者坐上摇晃的皮艇后十分紧张，内心后悔答应来划皮艇。 【23题详解】 考查形容词。句意：“你做得很棒！” 一个欢快的声音传来。A. fearful害怕的；B. cheerful欢快的；C. helpful有帮助的；D. doubtful怀疑的。根据后文““Right now! Too close to that boat.” Then, with a laugh: “Your right 　　　　 is the one you write with!””描述儿子不断鼓励、笑着指导作者可知，此处指语气轻快愉悦。 【24题详解】 考查副词。句意：他耐心地指导我：“就是现在！离那艘船太近了。”A. patiently耐心地；B. strictly严格地；C. regularly定期地；D. normally正常地。根据后文““Right now! Too close to that boat.” Then, with a laugh: “Your right 　　　　 is the one you write with!””描述儿子全程围着作者的皮艇、一步步提醒操作可知，作者儿子态度十分耐心。 【25题详解】 考查名词。句意：接着他笑着说：“拿桨的右手就是你平时写字的那只手！”A. corner角落；B. side侧边；C. hand手；D. boat小船。根据后文“the one you write with”以及常识可知，用来写字的部位是手，hand符合语境。 【26题详解】 考查形容词。句意：我特别害怕皮艇翻过去。A. tired疲惫的；B. convinced确信的；C. terrified极度害怕的；D. ashamed羞愧的。根据前文“it started 　　　　 wildly. I was so nervous!”描述皮艇剧烈晃动、作者十分紧张可知，此处指作者内心恐惧翻船。 【27题详解】 考查动词。句意：“做得很好！”他鼓励道。“你看？并没有那么难！”A. admitted承认；B. joked开玩笑；C. encouraged鼓励；D. announced宣布。根据前后文“Nice job”和“It’s not that hard”可知，这些都是儿子安慰、激励作者的话语。 【28题详解】 考查形容词。句意：我心生自豪——就像一只学习游泳的小鸭子。A. proud自豪的；B. curious好奇的；C. afraid害怕的；D. confident自信的。根据前文“Soon we were paddling into the open lake”描述作者在儿子帮助下顺利划入开阔湖面可知，此处指作者内心生出成就感与自豪感。 【29题详解】 考查动词。句意：返程路上，我甚至向他发起比赛挑战。A. led带领；B. followed跟随；C. introduced介绍；D. challenged向……挑战。根据后文“him to a race”以及语境可知，此处指作者向儿子发起比赛挑战，challenge sb. to a race，表示“和某人比赛”，符合语境。 【30题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：可我们最终上岸时，我的双腿发软无力，他只好像拖一袋土豆一样把我拉出来。A. went away离开；B. gave out筋疲力尽、发软；C. bent down弯腰；D. paid off得到回报。根据后文“he had to drag me out like a sack of potatoes”描述儿子费力把作者拖上岸可知，此处说明作者双腿没力气、支撑不住身体，gave out符合语境。 【31题详解】 考查名词。句意：即便如此，他保全了我的自尊心：“第一次划能这样，你太厉害了！”A. courage勇气；B. respect尊重；C. life生命；D. pride自尊、骄傲。根据后文“You were amazing for a first-timer!”以及语境可知，此处指作者上岸后腿软狼狈，儿子夸赞她很棒，是为了照顾她的面子、维护她的自尊心。 【32题详解】 考查名词。句意：之后他带我去了我最爱的餐厅当作奖励。A. reward奖励；B. relief宽慰；C. favour恩惠；D. payment报酬。根据前文“You were amazing for a first-timer!”描述儿子夸赞作者初次划皮艇表现出色可知，此处指儿子请她吃饭作为嘉奖。 【33题详解】 考查动词。句意：仿佛就在昨天，我还握着他小小的手指，和他一起折纸船，教他怎么让纸船漂起来。A. bent弯曲；B. raised举起；C. guided引导；D. used使用。根据后文“his little fingers to make a paper boat”描述教孩子折纸船可知，此处指是牵着、引导孩子的小手，guided符合语境。 【34题详解】 考查动词。句意：仿佛就在昨天，我还握着他小小的手指，和他一起折纸船，教他怎么让纸船漂起来。A. move移动；B. sail航行、漂行；C. carry搬运；D. push推。根据前文“a paper boat”以及语境可知，此处指纸船在水面漂浮航行，sail专门指船只水上航行，符合语境。 【35题详解】 考查名词。句意：从小小的纸船到如今的皮艇，我走完了一段美好的轮回！A. way道路；B. change改变；C. stop站点；D. circle圆圈。根据前文“From that paper boat to this kayak”可知，此处考查固定搭配come a full circle，表示“兜兜转转、完成轮回”，从前作者教孩子折纸船，如今孩子教作者划皮艇，形成圆满循环，circle符合语境。 第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 More than 200 years ago, an opera troupe (表演团) from what is now Anhui Province ____36____ (journey) to Beijing, the capital city, to celebrate Emperor Qianlong’s birthday during the Qing Dynasty. This historical event contributed ____37____ the birth of Peking Opera. Based on the clothing of the Ming and Qing dynasties, ____38____ costumes of Peking Opera underwent a transformation spanning over 200 years. Enriched by the diverse cultural influences from different ____39____ (region) across the country, these costumes ____40____ (gradual) evolved into a set of delicate, detailed and elegant dress codes. Costumes are crucial to the artistic beauty of Peking Opera, ____41____ (support) character images and enhancing the performance’s expressiveness. Upon a performer’s entrance onto the stage, seasoned audience can quickly ____42____ (identity) the character based on the costume and makeup. When several performers appear, it is also easy to tell the social position ____43____ they belong to in society, especially in the stories which ____44____ (set) in ancient China, in Tang and Song dynasties, for example. Traditionally, Peking Opera collection includes 3,000 stories set in Tang and 800 set in Song, as well as numerous ones in eras such as the Warring States Period, Ming and Qing. The ____45____ (present) of so many stories relies largely on costumes packed in the limited costume trunks owned by a troupe. 【答案】36. went 37. to 38. the 39. regions 40. gradually 41. supporting 42. identify 43. which##that 44. are set##were set 45. presentation 【解析】 【导语】文章介绍了京剧戏服的发展历史、文化融合过程及其在塑造角色形象和传递社会信息中的重要作用。 【36题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：200多年前，一个来自现在安徽省的戏班来到了清朝的首都北京，庆祝乾隆皇帝的生日。空处作句子的谓语，根据“More than 200 years ago”可知，此处在叙述过去发生的事情，时态应用一般过去时，应用动词journey的过去式形式journeyed。 【37题详解】 考查介词。句意：这一历史事件促成了京剧的诞生。contribute to为固定搭配，意为“促成，导致，为……做出贡献”。 【38题详解】 考查冠词。句意：在明清服装的基础上，京剧戏服经历了两百多年的演变。此处特指“京剧的戏服”，应用定冠词the限定，特指。 【39题详解】 考查名词复数。句意：受全国不同地区多样文化影响的丰富，这些戏服逐渐演变成一套精致、细腻、优雅的着装规范。region(地区)是可数名词，其前有different修饰，表示多个不同地区，应用复数形式，作宾语。 【40题详解】 考查副词。句意：受全国不同地区多样文化影响的丰富，这些戏服逐渐演变成一套精致、细腻、优雅的着装规范。提示词gradual(逐渐的)在句中修饰动词evolved，应用副词形式gradually(逐渐地)作状语。 【41题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：戏服对京剧的艺术美至关重要，它支撑角色形象并增强表演的表现力。此处作伴随状语，support(支撑，支持)用非谓语动词形式，与其逻辑主语Costumes之间是主动关系，用现在分词supporting表主动；与现在分词enhancing并列。 【42题详解】 考查动词原形。句意：表演者一上台，经验丰富的观众就能根据其服装和妆容迅速识别出角色。提示词作谓语，用动词形式identify(识别)，情态动词can后接动词原形。 【43题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：当几位表演者同时出现时，也容易分辨出他们在社会中所属的社会地位，尤其是在以中国古代为背景的故事中，例如唐宋时期的故事。此处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the social position，指物，关系词指代先行词，在从句中作belong to的宾语，应用关系代词which或者that引导该从句。 【44题详解】 考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：当几位表演者同时出现时，也容易分辨出他们在社会中所属的社会地位，尤其是在以中国古代为背景的故事中，例如唐宋时期的故事。set(设置背景)是定语从句的谓语动词，与主语which(指代先行词the stories)之间是被动关系；句子可理解为描述客观事实，应用一般现在时的被动语态，也可用一般过去时的被动语态，表示这些故事是过去被设定的；主语是复数概念，谓语用复数形式are set或者were set。 【45题详解】 考查名词。句意：如此多故事的呈现很大程度上依赖于剧团拥有的有限戏装箱中的戏服。提示词作主语，且有定冠词The限定，用名词形式为presentation(呈现，展示)，结合谓语动词relies on可推知，主语是单数形式。 第三节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分) 根据汉语翻译，用必修三Unit4—选必一Unit3课本单词表中的词或短语完成英文句子，每空不超过3个单词。 46. 研究人员分析了长达半年的监测数据，总结出了气候变化的规律。 The researchers ____________ the six-month monitoring data and summed up the rules of climate change. 【答案】analyzed/analysed 【解析】 【详解】‌“分析”作谓语，可用动词analyze或者analyse，结合并列谓语动词“summed up”可知，讲述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时态，其相应过去式为analyzed和analysed。 47. 忽视交通安全规则，往往会带来无法挽回的严重后果。 Ignoring traffic safety rules often brings about irreversible serious ____________. 【答案】consequences 【解析】 【详解】表示“后果”可用名词consequence，此处指多种严重后果，用复数形式consequences，在句中作宾语。 48. 这款智能门禁系统支持自动人脸识别，无需手动刷卡即可通行。 This smart access control system supports ____________ face recognition, allowing access without manual card swiping. 【答案】automatic 【解析】 【详解】中英文对比可知缺少“自动”，修饰名词短语face recognition，用形容词automatic作定语。 49. 在评估学生的综合素质时，学业水平不应是唯一的标准。 When students’ comprehensive quality ____________, academic performances should not be the only criterion. 【答案】is evaluated 【解析】 【详解】句子描述一般情况，用一般现在时。“评估”为evaluate，students’ comprehensive quality与evaluate为被动关系，用一般现在时的被动语态。主语为单数形式，be动词用is。 50. 借助数字化工具，教师能够以更高效的方式批改作业和统计成绩。 With the help of digital tools, teachers can correct homework and count scores in a more ____________ way. 【答案】efficient 【解析】 【详解】“高效的”修饰名词way，‌用形容词efficient作定语，与more构成比较级。 51. 在任何情况下，学生都不得将手机带入考场。 Under no ____________ shall students bring mobile phones into the examination room. 【答案】circumstances 【解析】 【详解】根据句意和中文提示可知，表示“在任何情况下都不，绝不”应用固定短语under no circumstances，在本句中作状语，放于句首时构成部分倒装。 52. 她被公认为是一名杰出的年轻作家，经常受邀在各大高校举办文学分享会。 Widely ____________ as an outstanding young writer, she is often invited to give literature sharing sessions in major universities. 【答案】recognized 【解析】 【详解】“公认”用动词recognize，在句中作原因状语，用非谓语动词形式，与其逻辑主语she之间为被动关系，用过去分词表被动。 53. 开始高中住校生活后，他慢慢变得独立起来。 After starting his high school boarding life, he gradually became ____________. 【答案】independent 【解析】 【详解】“独立”作表语，用形容词independent。 54. 从这个意义上来说，培养良好的阅读习惯是提升个人素养的重要途径。 ____________, developing good reading habits is an important way to improve personal quality. 【答案】In this sense 【解析】 【详解】“从这个意义上来说”作状语，用介词短语in this sense，句首单词首字母大写。 55. 该市出台了公共场所禁烟令，有效降低了二手烟带来的健康危害。 The city issued a ____________ on smoking in public places, effectively reducing the health hazards of second-hand smoke. 【答案】ban 【解析】 【详解】‌“禁令”作宾语，用名词ban，有不定冠词a修饰，用单数形式。 56. 每一个科学理论都是在仔细的观察和详细的研究基础上提出的。 Every scientific theory is put forward on the ____________ of careful observations and detailed studies. 【答案】basis 【解析】 【详解】‌“在……基础上”用介词短语on the basis of。 57. 自去年以来，这套节能环保的供暖方案已经被多个北方城市采用。 This energy-saving and environmentally friendly heating scheme ____________ by many cities in northern China since last year. 【答案】has been adopted 【解析】 【详解】“采用”作谓语，用动词adopt，与主语‌“heating scheme”之间是被动关系，结合时间状语‌“since last year”可知，句子应使用现在完成时的被动语态；主语为单数名词，谓语用单数形式has been adopted。 58. 在会议上，野生动物保护组织向公众呼吁，拒绝购买任何野生动物制品。 At the conference, wildlife conservation organizations ____________ the public to refuse to buy any wildlife products. 【答案】appealed to 【解析】 【详解】‌“呼吁”作谓语，可用动词短语appeal to，结合语境，会议已经召开，动作发生在过去，故用一般过去时态appealed to。 59. 那次科技展上展出的所有创意发明都是高一学生做的。 All the creative inventions ____________ at that science and technology exhibition were made by Grade10 students. 【答案】displayed 【解析】 【详解】“展出”可用动词display，作后置定语，用非谓语形式，与其逻辑主语inventions之间是被动关系，用过去分词表被动。 60. 这位工程师为自己研发的新型节水装置成功申请了国家专利。 The engineer successfully applied for a national ____________ for the new water-saving device he developed. 【答案】patent 【解析】 【详解】‌“专利”作宾语，用名词patent，有不定冠词a修饰，用单数形式。 第四节(共10小题;每题1分，满分10分) 请在方框中选择合适的选项，填入短文的空格中，使短文完整连贯。注意：每个选项只能使用一次;方框中有一个多余选项。 A. odd B. external C. innovation D. procedures E. stretches F. signaled G. detected H. tailored I. eventually J. instantly K. aside The Campus Robot Competition The school’s maker space, which faces the playground, ____61____, from the first floor to the second floor, offering a spacious area for students to design and test their works. Its ____62____ wall is decorated with a huge mural of future technology, drawing the attention of every student who passes by. Two weeks before the city robot competition, the senior team was busy tuning their rescue robot. During a test run, they noticed a(n) ____63____ shake in the robot’s arm, which had never appeared before. A flashing red light on the main board ____64____ a system error, but the team could not tell the exact cause at first. At first, the team followed the standard testing ____65____ listed in the official guide, checking each part one by one. After three hours of careful inspection, they finally ____66____ that the problem came from an unbalanced internal gear. They realized the standard method could not solve the special issue, so they set the original plan ____67____ and tried to design a new solution themselves. They ____68____ a special balancing structure for this robot model, using 3D-printed parts to reduce the internal shake. When they restarted the machine, the arm stopped shaking ____69____ and moved as smoothly as expected. This practical ____70____ helped the team win the first prize in the competition and inspired more students to join the maker club. 【答案】61. E 62. B 63. A 64. F 65. D 66. G 67. K 68. H 69. J 70. C 【解析】 【导语】文章讲述参赛学生排查机器人故障，放弃标准方案自主改良，凭借创新装置在校园机器人大赛夺冠。 【61题详解】 考查动词。句意：学校面朝操场的创客空间从一楼延伸至二楼，为学生设计、测试作品提供了宽敞场地。分析句子结构可知，此空应填动词作谓语，stretches，表“延伸”，主语maker space为单数，句子为一般现在时，谓语用三单，符合空间楼层跨度的语境。 【62题详解】 考查形容词。句意：它的外墙装饰着一幅巨大的未来科技壁画，吸引每个路过学生的目光。分析句子结构可知，修饰名词wall需形容词，external，表“外部的”，对应建筑外墙，符合语境。 【63题详解】 考查形容词。句意：试机时，他们发现机器人机械臂出现一种前所未有的奇怪抖动。分析句子结构可知，修饰名词shake需形容词，odd，表“反常的、奇怪的”，形容异常抖动，符合语境。 【64题详解】 考查动词。句意：主板闪烁的红灯预示系统故障，但队员起初无法确定确切原因。分析句子结构可知，此空应填谓语动词，本段为一般过去时，谓语用过去式，signaled，表“示意、预示”，对应故障警示灯，符合语境。 【65题详解】 考查名词。句意：一开始，团队按照官方指南列出的标准检测流程逐一检查零件。分析句子结构可知，standard后接名词，procedures，表“流程、步骤”，指设备检测规范步骤，符合语境。 【66题详解】 考查动词。句意：经过三小时细致排查，他们最终检测出问题出自内部齿轮失衡。分析句子结构可知，此空应填谓语动词，时态为一般过去时，detected，表“查明、检测出”，符合排查故障的语境。 【67题详解】 考查副词。句意：他们意识到标准方法解决不了特殊故障，于是搁置原定方案，自行设计新对策。分析句子结构可知，此处考查固定搭配set...aside，aside，表“搁置、放一边”，符合语境。 【68题详解】 考查动词。句意：他们为这款机器人量身打造特殊平衡结构，使用3D打印零件减少内部抖动。分析句子结构可知，此处考查谓语动词，时态为一般过去时，tailored，表“量身定制”，适配专属改造结构，符合语境。 【69题详解】 考查副词。句意：重启设备后，机械臂立刻停止抖动，运转顺滑符合预期。分析句子结构可知，此处需用副词修饰动词stopped，instantly，表“立刻、马上”，对应故障瞬间消除，符合语境。 【70题详解】 考查名词。句意：这项实用创新助力团队拿下竞赛一等奖，也激励更多学生加入创客社团。分析句子结构可知，形容词practical后接名词，innovation，表“创新方案、创新成果”，对应自主改良设计，符合语境。 第四部分 写作(满分25分) 71. 近年来，越来越多的博物馆推出了线上看展服务。你们学校的英文校报Technology vs. Tradition专栏就此现象展开征稿，话题是“Is visiting museums online a good or bad idea?”，请你写一篇文章投稿，内容包括： 1.你的观点； 2.说明理由。 注意： 1.词数100左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Is visiting museums online a good or bad idea? ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Is visiting museums online a good or bad idea? In my opinion, visiting museums online is a good idea for several reasons. First, it breaks geographical and financial barriers. A student in a remote area can freely explore world-famous museums, which promotes educational equality. Second, virtual tours offer unique advantages, such as zooming in on detailed brushstrokes and accessing clear audio guides, sometimes offering a deeper understanding than crowded physical visits. However, online viewing cannot replace the authentic experience of seeing artifacts in person. The awe of standing before a masterpiece is irreplaceable. Therefore, I believe virtual visits are a valuable supplement. They inspire curiosity and encourage more meaningful on-site exploration, making culture accessible to all. 【解析】 【导语】学校的英文校报Technology vs. Tradition专栏展开征稿，要求考生就‌“线上参观博物馆是好是坏”发表观点并说明理由。 【详解】1.词汇积累 障碍：barrier → obstacle 促进：promote → encourage/facilitate 独特的：unique → distinctive 有价值的：valuable → worthwhile/precious 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：However, online viewing cannot replace the authentic experience of seeing artifacts in person. 拓展句：However, online viewing cannot replace the authentic experience of seeing artifacts in person, as it lacks the tangible connection and historical atmosphere of a real museum visit. 【点睛】[高分句型1] A student in a remote area can freely explore world-famous museums, which promotes educational equality. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句) [高分句型2] They inspire curiosity and encourage more meaningful on-site exploration, making culture accessible to all. (运用了现在分词作结果状语) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $