Unit 1 Back to school 外刊拓展提升（多题型专练）英语译林版必修第一册

**基本信息** 以“Back to school”为主题，融合外刊阅读分析与多题型训练，通过长难句拆解、真实语料输入及迁移应用，系统提升语言能力与跨文化思维。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |外刊阅读分析|1篇校长寄语|长难句结构拆解（主从复合句、并列结构）、难点突破（熟词生义、省略现象）、改写策略|核心词汇（校园相关）→ 句法分析→ 语篇理解，构建“词汇-句子-篇章”逻辑链| |培优提升训练|10篇（阅读/完形/语法填空等）|细节定位、推理判断、语境词义猜测|校园场景（社团/巴士规则等）→ 多样题型→ 语言技能（读/写/用），覆盖高频考点| |迁移应用训练|句子填空/翻译/写作|主题句型仿写、应用文格式规范|基础表达→ 语用输出，巩固单元主题词汇与功能句型，提升学习能力|

Unit 1 Back to school 外刊拓展提升（多题型专练） 识·单元要点概览 读·外刊拓展阅读 Principal’s Message （改编自https://miraloma.sanjuan.edu/our-school/principals-message） Welcome to the 2026–2027 school year! As Principal of Mira Loma High School, I am very thankful, excited, and proud. Returning to Mira Loma is very special to me because this school helped shape not only my education, but also the person and teacher I am today. As a proud former student of Mira Loma, I saw directly the power of a school community that pushed students to think carefully and see the world in different ways. Over the past fifteen years, I have had the honor of serving students and families as a teacher and a school leader. Throughout my career, I have always worked to help students do well, to make our school culture stronger, and to create ways to help every student succeed. I look forward to continuing Mira Loma's great tradition of high-level learning and global education. As we start this new school year, our great teachers, counselors, and staff are working hard to make sure every student feels challenged, supported, and included. Whether through classes, sports, arts, clubs, leadership, service, career programs, cultural groups, or the many traditions that make Mira Loma so special, we want every student to find a place where they belong and can grow. Strong schools are built when people work together, and we are thankful for the support of our families, former students, and community members. Your help and teamwork play an important part in the great educational experience that makes Mira Loma High School special. We look forward to working with you all year as we continue our rich traditions while also seeking new opportunities to grow and improve. （264 words） 【全文翻译】 校长寄语 2026–2027学年已到！作为米拉洛马高中的校长，我心怀感激、满怀激动与自豪。重返米拉洛马对我意义非凡，因为这所学校不仅塑造了我的求学之路，也成就了今天的我和我的教师身份。作为米拉洛马曾经的学子，我亲眼见证了一个学校集体的力量——它鼓励学生审慎思考，以多元视角认识世界。 过去十五年间，我有幸以教师和学校管理者的身份为学生和家庭服务。在我的职业生涯中，我一直致力于帮助学生取得进步，增强校园文化氛围，并探索各种途径，帮助每一位学生走向成功。我期待延续米拉洛马在高水平学业与国际视野教育方面的优良传统。 新学年伊始，我们优秀的教师、辅导员和全体教职员工都在努力确保每一位学生都能感受到挑战、支持与归属。无论是在课堂上、运动中、艺术里，还是通过社团、领导力项目、社区服务、职业课程、文化团体，或是米拉洛马诸多引人入胜的传统活动，我们都希望每位学生能找到属于自己的天地，并在这里茁壮成长。 强大的学校源于众人的齐心协作。我们感谢每一个家庭、校友和社区成员的支持。你们的帮助与配合，对成就米拉洛马高中精彩的教育体验起到了重要作用。我们期待与大家在新的一年里携手同行，在传承丰富传统的同时，不断探索新的成长与进步的机会。 【核心词汇】 ① principal n. 校长 ② thankful adj. 感激的 ③ former adj. 以前的；前者的 ④ honor n. 荣幸；荣誉 ⑤ career n. 职业；生涯 ⑥ global adj. 全球的；世界的 ⑦ counselors n. 辅导员；顾问 ⑧ staff n. 全体员工 ⑨ leadership n. 领导力 ⑩ cultural adj. 文化的 ⑪ teamwork n. 团队合作 ⑫ seek v. 寻找；寻求 ⑬ opportunities n. 机会（opportunity的复数） ⑭ shape v. 塑造；影响 【长难句分析】 1. Returning to Mira Loma is very special to me because this school helped shape not only my education, but also the person and teacher I am today. 句子长度：共27个单词 结构特点：主句 + because引导的原因状语从句，从句中又包含not only...but also...并列结构，末尾还嵌套了一个定语从句（I am today） 难点1：not only...but also... 并列结构，初中生需要识别出并列的是“my education”和“the person and teacher” 难点2：the person and teacher I am today — 定语从句省略了关系代词whom/that，初中生可能不熟悉这种省略用法 难点3：shape 在此处作动词，意为“塑造”，不是初中常见的名词“形状”。 涉及超标单词：principal, thankful, former, shape （参考上文【核心词汇】） 当然，我们可以这么改写，句意基本不变：It is very special for me to come back to Mira Loma, because this school helped make me who I am today — both as a person and as a teacher. 2. Whether through classes, sports, arts, clubs, leadership, service, career programs, cultural groups, or the many traditions that make Mira Loma so special, we want every student to find a place where they belong and can grow. 句子长度：共36个单词 结构特点：Whether引导的让步状语从句（列举8个选项）+ 主句（we want...）+ where引导的定语从句 难点1：Whether...or... 结构，且中间插入大量并列名词短语，读者需要耐心读到末尾的“or...”才能完整理解句意 难点2：列举项长达8个，信息密集，对阅读耐力要求高 难点3：that make Mira Loma so special 定语从句修饰“traditions”，与前面的列举形成嵌套 难点4：where they belong and can grow 定语从句，其中belong是初中课标词，但“找到归属感”这个抽象含义对初中生可能较难把握 涉及超标单词：counselors, staff, leadership, career, cultural, traditions （参考上文【核心词汇】） 当然，我们也可以这么改写，句意基本不变： We want every student to find a place to belong and grow — whether that is in classes, sports, arts, clubs, or any of the other activities that make Mira Loma special. 练·能力培优拔高 培优提升篇 Passage 1 (来源：https://www.jths.org/family-resources/back-to-school-resources#fs-panel-11635) 2026-2027 Club/Activity Offerings. All students are encouraged to join a club or activity！ Anime Club If you are interested in joining the Central Anime Club, email Ms. Jaskowiak. Anime Club is a community of people who like talking about and watching anime. We analyze, discuss, and review each anime we watch, so everyone takes home some new and interesting facts about the anime they love. Whether you have watched 100 different anime or have never watched one before, you are welcome here. Drama Club If you are interested in joining the Central Drama Club, email Mr. Hoyt. Joliet Central’s Drama Club is made up of the drama activities we run throughout the year: Fall Play, Speech Team, Short Film, Contest Play, Group Interpretation, and the Musical. Taking part in more than one of these activities makes you a member of the Drama Club. Short Film If you are interested in joining the Central Short Film Club, email Mr. Hoyt. This new Joliet Central Drama activity is an IHSA performance competition that is 100% student-run. Students will create the concept and script (剧本), film the movie, and complete the editing process (剪辑过程). The final short film will be judged with the hope of winning the IHSA State competition. Yearbook If you are interested in joining the Central Yearbook Club, email Mrs. Drzymalla. In the yearbook club members create “The J”, which records the school year and becomes part of Joliet Central’s history forever. There are a lot of roles in the yearbook club including photographers, writers, editors, designers, and marketers. Contact Mrs. Drzymalla (edrzymalla@jths.org) (269 words) 1. What do we know about the Anime Club? A. Everyone is welcome to join it. B. Only experienced fans can join. C. It mainly discusses animals. D. It offers 100 anime shows. 2. How can students join the Drama Club? A. Join all six activities first. B. Take part in over one activity. C. Only join the Fall Play. D. Email Mr. Hoyt directly. 3. What do students do in the Short Film Club? A. Watch films for judging. B. Only edit the movies. C. Write scripts and film movies. D. Organize the competition. Passage 2 (来源：https://www.jths.org/family-resources/back-to-school-resources#fs-panel-11635) Activity Bus Activity Bus Schedule Activity Departure time After-school Shuttle (摆渡车) between schools 3:20 p.m. Home from each school Activities & Athletics 4:30 p.m. Shuttle between schools Activities & Athletics 5:30 p.m. Home from each school Activities & Athletics 6:00 p.m. The activity bus route schedules are posted on the Bus Website. Activity Bus Rules: I. Activity buses are for Joliet Township High School students only. Students must be in a school program or take part in / watch a school activity. II. Students should go directly to the bus pick-up area when the program/activity ends and get on the first bus. III. Students must show the driver a Joliet Township High School ID to get on the bus. Students without an ID can still ride the bus if the coach, sponsor, security person, or school worker fills out a referral, that is formal written form, and the student gives the form to the driver. The driver will send the form to the school headmaster. IV. Students living more than 1.5 miles from school will be dropped off within three blocks of their home. Students living within 1.5 miles of the school will be dropped off within five blocks of their home. V. Activity buses only go to certain areas. Drivers cannot take students from one school area to another. Students must ride activity buses from their own school (for example, West students cannot ride a Central bus unless the Bus Office says it's OK). （249 words） 4. When do the buses take students home from each school? A. At 3:20 and 5:30 p.m. B. At 4:30 and 6:00 p.m. C. At 3:20 and 4:30 p.m. D. At 5:30 and 6:00 p.m. 5. How can students without an ID ride the bus? A. Get a referral form filled out. B. Show their own ID card. C. Be in a school program first. D. Get on the first bus directly. 6. What can be inferred about West students? A. They can take any bus. B. They live near the school. C. They usually take West buses. D. They need no ID to ride. Passage 3 （25-26高一上·杭州师大附中·期中） Whether it’s biting your nails, or going to bed at 2 a.m., we all have those annoying habits we just can’t seem to kick. But have you ever wondered why these bad habits keep winning the battle against your best efforts and intentions (意图)? Humans are creatures of habit, and our brains love doing things the same way. That’s why bad habits grow easily in the repeated actions like absentmindedly reaching for a cigarette. Another reason why your bad habits keep winning is that they often provide a quick dopamine (多巴胺) fix, creating a desire that keeps you coming back for more. Think of the immediate relaxation from a cigarette or mindless snacking. The payoff for doing these things is quick and easy, which is exactly what makes them so hard to break. So what can you do? There are two main problems with breaking bad habits. First, it’s not as enjoyable as giving in to them. When we try to resist, there’s no pleasure, no dopamine and therefore no encouragement to keep doing so. Rather than trying to remove them entirely, try to replace them with something healthier instead, or create a reward system for yourself to introduce the positive behaviour. Second, a habit is often an unconscious (无意识的) action, so making it conscious changes it into a choice. You’d better start with an intentional action. Accepting your actions without judgement helps you stay apart from the emotions that keep you tied to those habits, like guilt, shame and dissatisfaction. This increased awareness will lead you to make more intentional choices and break the automatic cycle of bad habits. Knowing the psychology behind why your bad habits keep winning hopefully gets you to make more conscious, positive choices, and build the foundation for lasting behaviour change. 7. How does the writer introduce the topic? A. By listing numbers. B. By explaining a reason. C. By voicing an opinion. D. By raising a question. 8. What makes bad habits hard to break? A. People’s desire to keep fit. B. Little knowledge of their effects. C. Quick and easy satisfaction provided by them. D. People’s unwillingness to change. 9. What is a problem with breaking bad habits? A. It is a conscious action. B. It is painful. C. It takes much time. D. It calls for wisdom. 10. What can help kick a bad habit according to the passage? A. Make active efforts. B. Judge your actions. C. Ignore it. D. Turn to others for help. Passage 4 （25-26高一上·湖北襄阳四中·期中） A recent study from the University of California San Diego reveals that young children between the ages of 3 and 5 can improve their musical abilities, especially in understanding musical pitches (音高), when learning Mandarin, compared to those who speak English. This research challenges the idea that our mental abilities are entirely separate from each other. It suggests that the skills children learn in one area can influence their learning in another. This raises questions about how our mental abilities relate to each other. The study involved two experiments with similar groups of Mandarin and English learners, totaling 180 children. They were tested on tasks related to pitch (high or low notes) and timbre (音色) (the quality of sound). Both groups performed similarly on the task related to timbre. However, Mandarin speakers performed better than English speakers on tasks related to pitch. Mandarin is a tonal language, which means the tone (音调) used when saying a word can change its meaning, not just add emphasis. For example, the Mandarin word “ma” can mean “mother,” “horse,” “hem (麻),” or “scold,” depending on how it’s spoken. This focus on pitch helps young Mandarin speakers understand musical pitches better. Since both language and music involve changes in pitch, the study aimed to find out if understanding pitch in language is different from understanding it in music. The results suggest that experience with understanding musical pitches can also help in understanding language pitches, and vice versa (反之亦然). While learning Mandarin might offer an advantage due to its tonal nature, it’s important to note that the study doesn’t suggest replacing music lessons with language lessons or the other way around. Learning another language has many benefits, and music education remains important for musical skills. In summary, this is an extremely valuable research, highlighting the connections between cognitive (认知的) skills and emphasizing the value of exposing children to different languages and providing them with musical education for their overall development. 11. What is the purpose of paragraph 1? A. To offer the research result to be discussed. B. To introduce the concept of musical pitches. C. To present the University of California San Diego. D. To share a fact about children’s language development. 12. What is the challenged idea according to paragraph 2? A. The benefits of musical education. B. The difficulty of learning Mandarin. C. The separation of children’s skills. D. The importance of speaking English. 13. What is the advantage of learning Mandarin according to the study? A. Making music lessons no longer needed. B. Telling high and low musical notes apart better. C. Telling the difference in sound quality more easily. D. Improving children’s ability to learn other languages. 14. What is the author’s attitude towards this study? A. Critical B. Supportive C. Doubtful. D. Unclear Passage 5 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 （25-26高一上·深圳高级中学·期中） Studies continue to show how important strong friendships are to our overall health. Here’re the rules you are supposed to know to keep strong and healthy friendships. 1 Everyone needs a support network. When you consider yourself the friend of another, you’re offering to be a part of his or her support network. What’s more, without trust and honesty, there is no authenticity (真实性) to the friendship. Be all ears to your friends. Too often, we only “half hear” what others are telling us and have a hard time making space for caring about others’ conditions. 2 If we don’t truly know what our friends need or can’t clearly express how we feel or what we need, friendships won’t survive or continue. Throw away the judgment. 3 Good friends are able to realize that everyone is human. Friends don’t have to necessarily “like” or “approve” of their friends’ choices, but good friends will accept their friends’ choices no matter what. Forgive (原谅) where you can - and seek forgiveness when you make a mess of something. No one promises to bring perfection to a relationship, so being willing to accept and forgive the weaknesses of others makes you more likely to build a lasting friendship. 4 Respect your friends and their boundaries. Everyone has a right to set up personal boundaries to feel safe and respected. Some friends may have a difficult time letting people get close to them for fear of being hurt. 5 Give them the space they need to feel comfortable and let the relationship deepen over time. A. Don’t push your friends B. Offer them what they need C. Support, trust, and honesty are principles D. But friendships don’t need to be perfect E. True friends don’t judge each other’s choices F. However, friendships require attention and care G. It’s also important that we’re able to recognize when we make mistakes Passage 6 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 （25-26高一上·济南一中·期中） In a modern time when everyone is so busy with their routine and problems, we almost forget to notice others. ____1____ So it is worthy of sparing some moments to notice them and pass a compliment (称赞). A compliment is a high dose (剂量) of positive words which helps make people feel good. Whether you are going through a street, a park, a market or other places, you can pass words full of praise and encouragement to even strangers because these positive words are what they want to hear. ____2____ Also, they will feel good enough to get the attention of those around them. If you appreciate people for their hard work, they will gather the courage to do their job more skillfully. For example, a person may want to do something for his life but couldn’t do so because of a lack of encouragement and positive support. ____3____ And the creativity of people greatly increases through your positive comments. ____4____ When you tell strangers about themselves, praising them through your compliments, the ego (自我) will gradually disappear and healthy interactions will appear. If you fail to communicate with people or do not pass a compliment because of the ego, your relationship will stay distant. When you start to praise and give positive words to people, you also get them back. Everyone wants to be praised and seen by others. If you break your ego first and appreciate people and tell them about their personalities, people also would like to do the same in return. ____5____ A. Then they will feel happy for your little act. B. Everyone has their problems in today’s world. C. You will develop a positive attitude towards life. D. Compliments help make people close to each other. E. People who are living around us may not always be there. F. Through this, you will receive recognition of yourself, too. G. With compliments, however, he will be encouraged to do what he wants to do. Passage 7 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 （25-26高一上·深圳高级中学·期中） At 17, my rowing coach said that taking a day off a week was unnecessary. Such a strong and demanding schedule made me ____1____ exercise, and when I finally quit rowing, I also ____2____ exercising altogether. The very thought of working out became an old memory. However, after moving to a new neighborhood — being an author and working at home, I ____3____ for the sense of belonging to a group again but was ___4___ about returning to rowing. One day, a neighbor ____5____ me to fill in for his basketball team because of his leg injury. Playing basketball brought back the ____6____ of being part of a team. Unlike the serious nature of rowing, playing basketball was just for fun for me, free from the ____7____ of costly equipment (装备). My teammates and I don’t know much about each other‘s personal lives, but we share a(n) ____8____ through our deep love for the game and our wish to win, a connection that makes us struggle for excellence together. These regular games have ____9____ improved my life. The life of an author can be isolated (孤独的), and social media often also ____10____ my pressure. I clearly remember when I received an email to ____11____ the book I had run out of my efforts for a year, I was reduced to tears. On that evening, I headed to a basketball game. I started the game in a ____12____ mood, but as it progressed, my spirits ____13____ . By the end, I felt great. Playing basketball provides an important break from these ____14____ . It allows me to focus only on the game, temporarily (暂时地) ____15____ something else. Despite being a small change in my daily schedule — just under an hour weekly — it has greatly improved my general health and happiness. 1. A. follow B. hate C. lack D. watch 2. A. stopped B. gained C. reached D. recommended 3. A. pretended B. waited C. longed D. refused 4. A. uncertain B. proud C. pleased D. curious 5. A. reminded B. forced C. taught D. requested 6. A. failure B. challenge C. joy D. practice 7. A. risks B. points C. degrees D. troubles 8. A. tie B. duty C. opinion D. excitement 9. A. generally B. obviously C. hardly D. only 10. A. refers to B. belongs to C. turns to D. adds to 11. A. publish B. translate C. rewrite D. buy 12. A. cheerful B. terrible C. positive D. relaxed 13. A. fixed B. worsened C. dropped D. lifted 14. A. stresses B. surprises C. accidents D. judgments 15. A. dreaming B. forgetting C. listing D. losing Passage 8 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 （25-26高一上·浙江S9联盟·期中） That was a cold winter evening when I finished my shift at the local radio station. As I walked to my car, I noticed an elderly woman standing alone near the entrance, shaking and looking 1 . Her thin coat was no 2 for the biting wind, and her expression was one of 3 . I approached her cautiously, not wanting to 4 her. “Ma’am, are you okay?” I asked 5 . She looked up at me and said, “I can’t find my way home. My daughter usually 6 me up, but she didn’t answer her phone.” Without hesitation, I 7 to help. “Let me get you somewhere 8 while we figure this out,” I said, guiding her towards my car. I 9 the heater and handed her a blanket I kept in the backseat. As we sat in the car, I tried to keep her 10 up. “Do you have any family nearby?” I asked. She 11 , mentioning a nearby convenience store where her daughter often met her. “Let’s go there,” I suggested. “It’s warmer, and we can wait inside.” At the store, the clerk kindly offered us a seat by the heater. I called the police to report the 12 and they assured me they would send someone to take her home. When the police 13 , I helped her into their car, feeling a sense of 14 . That cold night taught me the power of a warm heart. Sometimes, all it takes is a little love to make someone’s day 15 . 1. A. tired B. lost C. bored D. strange 2. A. match B. reason C. place D. space 3. A. comfort B. success C. fear D. regret 4. A. frighten B. forget C. remind D. notice 5. A. formally B. firmly C. quickly D. gently 6. A. turns B. gives C. picks D. raises 7. A. hoped B. pretended C. agreed D. offered 8. A. safe B. warm C. attractive D. convenient 9. A. turned on B. set up C. took over D. put away 10. A. dreams B. conditions C. spirits D. strengths 11. A. waited B. cried C. believed D. nodded 12. A. accident B. regulation C. situation D. process 13. A. worked B. arrived C. explained D. searched 14. A. satisfaction B. humour C. curiosity D. direction 15. A. quieter B. brighter C. heavier D. busier Passage 9 （25-26高一上·杭州源清中学·期中） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 After four years of living here, I have a better 1 (understand) of northern China’s food. Northern China’s hearty food is 2 (general) more acceptable to Westerners. They can enjoy Beijing roast duck, beef and dairy from Inner Mongolia, and Korean dishes in the northeast. Northern China experiences cold and dry winters, and hot summers, 3 (make) calories and salt replacement more important. As a result, northern dishes have strong flavors, compared with the south 4 dishes are lighter in flavor. Wheat is the main crop of northern China, and you will find a variety of wheat-flour 5 (produce). Rice is also eaten in the north, but it is certainly secondary to wheat. Dumplings are very popular in the north, 6 (serve) with vinegar for dipping. Northerners tend to eat more meat and dairy for the purpose of fighting against the cold weather. Most meat dishes 7 (base) on mutton, pork, beef, chicken and fish. There are less fresh vegetables available because of the cold weather. Fruit is traditionally limited 8 a few hard seasonal varieties like apples, 9 it doesn’t feature much in the cuisine, although the northwest is famous for 10 (it) dried fruit and wine. Passage 10 （25-26高一上·浙江温州中学·期中） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 You know how disappointed it can be if you are not able to communicate with the 1 (native) when you’re traveling, and you might think learning a new language is a tough task. But fear not! We figured out 2 (exact) how many words you need to learn to speak a language well. A group of linguists (语言学家) have created a test 3 (see) how many words you know in English. There are 200,000+ words in the English language, but the test only 4 (include) 50 of them. You may not understand all of the 50 words. The linguists believe that if you multiply (乘) 5 number of words out of 50 that you understand by 500, you’ll almost know your English vocabulary. A professor has found that native speakers of a language know 15,000 to 20,000 lemmas (词目). A lemma 6 (make) up of a root word (say: walk) and all of 7 (it) inflections (屈折形式) (walked, walking, walker, etc.). But if you learn a new language, you can never understand 15,000 lemmas. He discourages people from learning all of the words in a language. There are 800 to 1,000 lemmas 8 are used most frequently in the language. He advises people to focus 9 these lemmas. With these lemmas, people can understand 75% of the language. And they will be 10 (confidence) enough to start a conversation, order at a restaurant, and deal with other daily communication. 迁移应用篇 一、根据提示完成句子 1. She found it necessary ________（充分利用）the school library and other facilities. 2. ________（随着时间的推移）, I have learned to be more independent and responsible. 3. It was the first time that I ________（主持）a workshop on biology in our school. 4. I haven't decided ________（如何平衡）my studies and sports activities. 5. The secret to success ________（在于）a positive attitude and continuous effort. 6. ________（由于）his positive attitude, he was able to rise to every challenge. 7. I ________（期待）the day when I can become an independent and well-rounded individual. 8. As senior students, we must ________（对……负责）our own choices and actions. 9. It is amazing how she always ________（能够处理）difficult situations with confidence. 10. It is your daily efforts that ________（有影响）to your overall academic performance. 二、翻译句子 Embracing the Senior High Path As a senior high student, I realize that my potential lies in hard work and a positive attitude. (1)通往成功的路并非总是一帆风顺, but every challenge is an opportunity to grow. To make the most of my school time, I form a strict daily routine and (2)我每天早起. (3)我的信心日渐增长 with each small victory. (4)课堂上我总是注重细节 and actively acquire new knowledge. For example, (5)我的生物老师给了我一条很有用的建议 on studying effectively, and (6)研讨会主办方给我们提供了一些资料. (7)我觉得物理题很难 but interesting. (8)这些了不起的设施让我们的学习更高效. (9)我们应该把握每一次机会 to improve ourselves. (10)我的目标是培养全面发展的品格. As a result of my continuous effort, I have made great advances in my studies. Fortunately, my classmates are responsible and independent. Last but not least, I stick to my goal and balance my study with sports. I look forward to becoming a confident and professional individual in the future. 三、应用文写作 假定你是李华，你的英国笔友Tom即将以交换生的身份来你校学习一年。他来信询问宿舍情况。请你回信，内容包括： 1. 宿舍为几人间，室友如何分配； 2. 房间内的基本设施（如床铺、书桌、空调、独立卫浴等）； 3. 公共设施（如洗衣房、自习室等）及管理规则（如熄灯时间、门禁）。 注意： 词数80~100；开头和结尾已给出；条理清晰，语言连贯。 Dear Tom, I’m glad to hear that you’re going to enter our school soon. ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 1 Back to school 外刊拓展提升（多题型专练） 培优提升篇 Passage 1 1. A 2. B 3. C Passage 2 4. B 5. A 6. C Passage 3 7. D 8. C 9. B 10. A Passage 4 11. A 12. C 13. B 14. B Passage 5 1. C 2. F 3. E 4. G 5. A Passage 6 1. E 2. A 3. G 4. D 5. F Passage 7 1. B 2. A 3. C 4. A 5. D 6. C 7. D 8. A 9. B 10. D 11. C 12. B 13. D 14. A 15. B Passage 8 1. B 2. A 3. C 4. A 5. D 6. C 7. D 8. B 9. A 10. C 11. D 12. C 13. B 14. A 15. B Passage 9 1．understanding 2．generally 3．making 4．where 5．products 6．served 7．are based 8．to 9．so 10．its Passage 10 1. natives 2. exactly 3. to see 4. includes 5. the 6. is made 7. its 8. which/that 94. on/upon 10. confident 迁移应用篇 一、根据提示完成句子 1. to make the most of/ take advantage of 2. Over time 3. had hosted 4. how to balance 5. lies in 6. As a result of 7. look forward to 8. be responsible for 9. rises to 10. make a difference 二、翻译句子 （1）. The path to success is not always smooth. （主系表） （2）. I get up early each morning. （主谓） （3）. My confidence grows over time. （主谓） （4）. I always focus on the details in class. （主谓宾） （5）. My biology teacher gave me a helpful tip. （主谓双宾） （6）. The workshop host offered us some materials. （主谓双宾） （7）. I find the physics problems tough. （主谓宾补） （8）. The amazing facilities make our learning more efficient. （主谓宾补） （9）. We should take advantage of every chance. （主谓宾） （10）. My aim is to develop a well-rounded character. （主系表） 三、应用文写作 范文 Dear Tom, I’m glad to hear that you’re going to enter our school soon. Now let me tell you something about the dormitory. Each room has four beds and the roommates are usually arranged by the school according to grade and class. The room is equipped with a desk, a wardrobe, an air conditioner and an independent bathroom with a shower. Besides, there is a laundry room on the first floor with several washing machines, and a study room on the second floor where you can read and review lessons. The lights are turned off at 10:30 p.m. and the dormitory gate is closed at 11 p.m. I hope the information helps. If you have any other questions, feel free to ask me. Yours, Li Hua 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 1 Back to school 外刊拓展提升（多题型专练） 识·单元要点概览 读·外刊拓展阅读 Principal’s Message （改编自https://miraloma.sanjuan.edu/our-school/principals-message） Welcome to the 2026–2027 school year! As Principal of Mira Loma High School, I am very thankful, excited, and proud. Returning to Mira Loma is very special to me because this school helped shape not only my education, but also the person and teacher I am today. As a proud former student of Mira Loma, I saw directly the power of a school community that pushed students to think carefully and see the world in different ways. Over the past fifteen years, I have had the honor of serving students and families as a teacher and a school leader. Throughout my career, I have always worked to help students do well, to make our school culture stronger, and to create ways to help every student succeed. I look forward to continuing Mira Loma's great tradition of high-level learning and global education. As we start this new school year, our great teachers, counselors, and staff are working hard to make sure every student feels challenged, supported, and included. Whether through classes, sports, arts, clubs, leadership, service, career programs, cultural groups, or the many traditions that make Mira Loma so special, we want every student to find a place where they belong and can grow. Strong schools are built when people work together, and we are thankful for the support of our families, former students, and community members. Your help and teamwork play an important part in the great educational experience that makes Mira Loma High School special. We look forward to working with you all year as we continue our rich traditions while also seeking new opportunities to grow and improve. （264 words） 【全文翻译】 校长寄语 2026–2027学年已到！作为米拉洛马高中的校长，我心怀感激、满怀激动与自豪。重返米拉洛马对我意义非凡，因为这所学校不仅塑造了我的求学之路，也成就了今天的我和我的教师身份。作为米拉洛马曾经的学子，我亲眼见证了一个学校集体的力量——它鼓励学生审慎思考，以多元视角认识世界。 过去十五年间，我有幸以教师和学校管理者的身份为学生和家庭服务。在我的职业生涯中，我一直致力于帮助学生取得进步，增强校园文化氛围，并探索各种途径，帮助每一位学生走向成功。我期待延续米拉洛马在高水平学业与国际视野教育方面的优良传统。 新学年伊始，我们优秀的教师、辅导员和全体教职员工都在努力确保每一位学生都能感受到挑战、支持与归属。无论是在课堂上、运动中、艺术里，还是通过社团、领导力项目、社区服务、职业课程、文化团体，或是米拉洛马诸多引人入胜的传统活动，我们都希望每位学生能找到属于自己的天地，并在这里茁壮成长。 强大的学校源于众人的齐心协作。我们感谢每一个家庭、校友和社区成员的支持。你们的帮助与配合，对成就米拉洛马高中精彩的教育体验起到了重要作用。我们期待与大家在新的一年里携手同行，在传承丰富传统的同时，不断探索新的成长与进步的机会。 【核心词汇】 ① principal n. 校长 ② thankful adj. 感激的 ③ former adj. 以前的；前者的 ④ honor n. 荣幸；荣誉 ⑤ career n. 职业；生涯 ⑥ global adj. 全球的；世界的 ⑦ counselors n. 辅导员；顾问 ⑧ staff n. 全体员工 ⑨ leadership n. 领导力 ⑩ cultural adj. 文化的 ⑪ teamwork n. 团队合作 ⑫ seek v. 寻找；寻求 ⑬ opportunities n. 机会（opportunity的复数） ⑭ shape v. 塑造；影响 【长难句分析】 1. Returning to Mira Loma is very special to me because this school helped shape not only my education, but also the person and teacher I am today. 句子长度：共27个单词 结构特点：主句 + because引导的原因状语从句，从句中又包含not only...but also...并列结构，末尾还嵌套了一个定语从句（I am today） 难点1：not only...but also... 并列结构，初中生需要识别出并列的是“my education”和“the person and teacher” 难点2：the person and teacher I am today — 定语从句省略了关系代词whom/that，初中生可能不熟悉这种省略用法 难点3：shape 在此处作动词，意为“塑造”，不是初中常见的名词“形状”。 涉及超标单词：principal, thankful, former, shape （参考上文【核心词汇】） 当然，我们可以这么改写，句意基本不变：It is very special for me to come back to Mira Loma, because this school helped make me who I am today — both as a person and as a teacher. 2. Whether through classes, sports, arts, clubs, leadership, service, career programs, cultural groups, or the many traditions that make Mira Loma so special, we want every student to find a place where they belong and can grow. 句子长度：共36个单词 结构特点：Whether引导的让步状语从句（列举8个选项）+ 主句（we want...）+ where引导的定语从句 难点1：Whether...or... 结构，且中间插入大量并列名词短语，读者需要耐心读到末尾的“or...”才能完整理解句意 难点2：列举项长达8个，信息密集，对阅读耐力要求高 难点3：that make Mira Loma so special 定语从句修饰“traditions”，与前面的列举形成嵌套 难点4：where they belong and can grow 定语从句，其中belong是初中课标词，但“找到归属感”这个抽象含义对初中生可能较难把握 涉及超标单词：counselors, staff, leadership, career, cultural, traditions （参考上文【核心词汇】） 当然，我们也可以这么改写，句意基本不变： We want every student to find a place to belong and grow — whether that is in classes, sports, arts, clubs, or any of the other activities that make Mira Loma special. 练·能力培优拔高 培优提升篇 Passage 1 (来源：https://www.jths.org/family-resources/back-to-school-resources#fs-panel-11635) 2026-2027 Club/Activity Offerings. All students are encouraged to join a club or activity！ Anime Club If you are interested in joining the Central Anime Club, email Ms. Jaskowiak. Anime Club is a community of people who like talking about and watching anime. We analyze, discuss, and review each anime we watch, so everyone takes home some new and interesting facts about the anime they love. Whether you have watched 100 different anime or have never watched one before, you are welcome here. Drama Club If you are interested in joining the Central Drama Club, email Mr. Hoyt. Joliet Central’s Drama Club is made up of the drama activities we run throughout the year: Fall Play, Speech Team, Short Film, Contest Play, Group Interpretation, and the Musical. Taking part in more than one of these activities makes you a member of the Drama Club. Short Film If you are interested in joining the Central Short Film Club, email Mr. Hoyt. This new Joliet Central Drama activity is an IHSA performance competition that is 100% student-run. Students will create the concept and script (剧本), film the movie, and complete the editing process (剪辑过程). The final short film will be judged with the hope of winning the IHSA State competition. Yearbook If you are interested in joining the Central Yearbook Club, email Mrs. Drzymalla. In the yearbook club members create “The J”, which records the school year and becomes part of Joliet Central’s history forever. There are a lot of roles in the yearbook club including photographers, writers, editors, designers, and marketers. Contact Mrs. Drzymalla (edrzymalla@jths.org) (269 words) 1. What do we know about the Anime Club? A. Everyone is welcome to join it. B. Only experienced fans can join. C. It mainly discusses animals. D. It offers 100 anime shows. 2. How can students join the Drama Club? A. Join all six activities first. B. Take part in over one activity. C. Only join the Fall Play. D. Email Mr. Hoyt directly. 3. What do students do in the Short Film Club? A. Watch films for judging. B. Only edit the movies. C. Write scripts and film movies. D. Organize the competition. 【正确答案】1. A 2. B 3. C 【导语】 本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了Central高中在2026-2027学年开设的四个社团及活动（动漫社、戏剧社、短片制作社、年鉴社），包括各社团的活动内容、参与方式和负责人信息，旨在鼓励学生积极参与校园社团活动。 【解析】 1. A 细节理解题。题干句意为“关于动漫社，我们知道什么？”。根据Anime Club部分最后一句“Whether you have watched 100 different anime or have never watched one before, you are welcome here.”可知，无论是否有观看经验，所有人都受欢迎，故选A “Everyone is welcome to join it.”。B项“Only experienced fans can join.”与原文“never watched one before...welcome”相悖；C项“It mainly discusses animals.”曲解文意，该社团讨论的是“anime（动漫）”而非“animals（动物）”，此处利用“anime”与“animal”两个词的形近设置陷阱；D项“It offers 100 anime shows.”中“100”仅用于举例说明观看数量，并非社团提供100部动漫，故排除。 2. B 细节理解题。题干句意为“学生怎样才能加入戏剧社？”。根据Drama Club部分第二句“Taking part in more than one of these activities makes you a member of the Drama Club.”可知，参与超过一项（more than one）上述活动即可成为戏剧社成员，故选B “Take part in over one activity.”。A项“Join all six activities first.”中“all”过于绝对，原文只需“more than one”而非全部；C项“Only join the Fall Play.”与“more than one”要求不符；D项“Email Mr. Hoyt directly.”虽为加入戏剧社的联系方式，但并非加入的资格条件，题干问的是“如何（符合条件地）加入”而非“如何联系申请”，故排除。 3. C 细节理解题。题干句意为“学生在短片制作社做什么？”。根据Short Film部分第二句“Students will create the concept and script (剧本), film the movie, and complete the editing process (剪辑过程).”可知，学生需要构思剧本、拍摄电影并完成剪辑，故选C “Write scripts and film movies.”。A项“Watch films for judging.”中“watch films”文中未提及，原文提到“The final short film will be judged” 但评判者是评委而非学生；B项“Only edit the movies.”中“Only”过于绝对，学生还需参与创作和拍摄；D项“Organize the competition.”文中提到的是“参加比赛（competition）”而非“组织比赛”，故排除。 Passage 2 (来源：https://www.jths.org/family-resources/back-to-school-resources#fs-panel-11635) Activity Bus Activity Bus Schedule Activity Departure time After-school Shuttle (摆渡车) between schools 3:20 p.m. Home from each school Activities & Athletics 4:30 p.m. Shuttle between schools Activities & Athletics 5:30 p.m. Home from each school Activities & Athletics 6:00 p.m. The activity bus route schedules are posted on the Bus Website. Activity Bus Rules: I. Activity buses are for Joliet Township High School students only. Students must be in a school program or take part in / watch a school activity. II. Students should go directly to the bus pick-up area when the program/activity ends and get on the first bus. III. Students must show the driver a Joliet Township High School ID to get on the bus. Students without an ID can still ride the bus if the coach, sponsor, security person, or school worker fills out a referral, that is formal written form, and the student gives the form to the driver. The driver will send the form to the school headmaster. IV. Students living more than 1.5 miles from school will be dropped off within three blocks of their home. Students living within 1.5 miles of the school will be dropped off within five blocks of their home. V. Activity buses only go to certain areas. Drivers cannot take students from one school area to another. Students must ride activity buses from their own school (for example, West students cannot ride a Central bus unless the Bus Office says it's OK). （249 words） 4. When do the buses take students home from each school? A. At 3:20 and 5:30 p.m. B. At 4:30 and 6:00 p.m. C. At 3:20 and 4:30 p.m. D. At 5:30 and 6:00 p.m. 5. How can students without an ID ride the bus? A. Get a referral form filled out. B. Show their own ID card. C. Be in a school program first. D. Get on the first bus directly. 6. What can be inferred about West students? A. They can take any bus. B. They live near the school. C. They usually take West buses. D. They need no ID to ride. 【正确答案】4. B 5. A 6. C 【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了Joliet Township高中的活动班车时间表及乘车规定，为需要乘坐活动班车的学生提供实用信息。 【解析】 4. B 细节理解题（表格相关）。题干句意为“活动班车什么时候从各校送学生回家？”。根据Activity Bus Schedule表格中“Home from each school”对应的两趟发车时间分别为4:30 p.m.和6:00 p.m.，故选B “At 4:30 and 6:00 p.m.”。A项对应的是校际摆渡车时间，而非“送学生回家”；C、D两项均为校际摆渡车与送学生回家时间的错误混搭，故排除。 5. A 细节理解题。题干句意为“没有学生证的学生怎样乘车？”。根据规则III中“Students without an ID can still ride the bus if the coach...fills out a referral...and the student gives the form to the driver.”可知，无证学生需由学校工作人员填写转介单 (referral) 并交给司机方可乘车，故选A “Get a referral form filled out.”。B项“Show their own ID card.”与题干“without an ID”直接矛盾；C项“Be in a school program first.”虽规则I中提到参加学校项目是乘车的前提之一，但并非解决无证乘车问题的办法；D项“Get on the first bus directly.”虽规则II中提到应乘坐第一辆到达的班车，但同样不是无证乘车的解决方案，故排除。 6. C 判断推理题。题干句意为“关于West学校的学生可以推断出什么？”。根据规则V最后一句“West students cannot ride a Central bus unless the Bus Office says it's OK.”可知，West学生未经批准不得乘坐Central校车，说明他们通常只能乘坐West学校自己的校车，故选C “They usually take West buses.”。A项“They can take any bus.”与原文“cannot ride a Central bus”矛盾；B项“They live near the school.”文中未提及West学生的具体住址；D项“They need no ID to ride.”与规则III中所有学生均需凭ID乘车的规定不符，故排除。 Passage 3 （25-26高一上·杭州师大附中·期中） Whether it’s biting your nails, or going to bed at 2 a.m., we all have those annoying habits we just can’t seem to kick. But have you ever wondered why these bad habits keep winning the battle against your best efforts and intentions (意图)? Humans are creatures of habit, and our brains love doing things the same way. That’s why bad habits grow easily in the repeated actions like absentmindedly reaching for a cigarette. Another reason why your bad habits keep winning is that they often provide a quick dopamine (多巴胺) fix, creating a desire that keeps you coming back for more. Think of the immediate relaxation from a cigarette or mindless snacking. The payoff for doing these things is quick and easy, which is exactly what makes them so hard to break. So what can you do? There are two main problems with breaking bad habits. First, it’s not as enjoyable as giving in to them. When we try to resist, there’s no pleasure, no dopamine and therefore no encouragement to keep doing so. Rather than trying to remove them entirely, try to replace them with something healthier instead, or create a reward system for yourself to introduce the positive behaviour. Second, a habit is often an unconscious (无意识的) action, so making it conscious changes it into a choice. You’d better start with an intentional action. Accepting your actions without judgement helps you stay apart from the emotions that keep you tied to those habits, like guilt, shame and dissatisfaction. This increased awareness will lead you to make more intentional choices and break the automatic cycle of bad habits. Knowing the psychology behind why your bad habits keep winning hopefully gets you to make more conscious, positive choices, and build the foundation for lasting behaviour change. 7. How does the writer introduce the topic? A. By listing numbers. B. By explaining a reason. C. By voicing an opinion. D. By raising a question. 8. What makes bad habits hard to break? A. People’s desire to keep fit. B. Little knowledge of their effects. C. Quick and easy satisfaction provided by them. D. People’s unwillingness to change. 9. What is a problem with breaking bad habits? A. It is a conscious action. B. It is painful. C. It takes much time. D. It calls for wisdom. 10. What can help kick a bad habit according to the passage? A. Make active efforts. B. Judge your actions. C. Ignore it. D. Turn to others for help. 【答案】7. D 8. C 9. B 10. A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要分析了坏习惯难改的原因，并给出了打破坏习惯的相关建议。 【解析】 【7题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中“But have you ever wondered why these bad habits keep winning the battle against your best efforts and intentions?(但是你有没有想过为什么这些坏习惯总是能战胜你的努力和意图?)”可知，作者通过提出问题来引入话题。故选D。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Another reason why your bad habits keep winning is that they often provide a quick dopamine (多巴胺) fix, creating a desire that keeps you coming back for more. Think of the immediate relaxation from a cigarette or mindless snacking. The payoff for doing these things is quick and easy, which is exactly what makes them so hard to break.(你的坏习惯总是占上风的另一个原因是，它们通常会提供迅速的多巴胺满足，产生一种让你不断想要更多的欲望。想想从香烟或无意识的零食中立即获得的放松。做这些事情的回报是快速而容易的，这正是它们难以打破的原因)”可知，坏习惯难以改掉是因为它们提供快速且容易的满足感。故选C。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“First, it’s not as enjoyable as giving in to them. When we try to resist, there’s no pleasure, no dopamine and therefore no encouragement to keep doing so.(首先，它不像屈服于它们那样令人愉快。当我们试图抗拒时，没有快乐，没有多巴胺，因此也就没有继续这样做的动力)”可知，改掉坏习惯的问题在于它不会令人愉快，即改掉坏习惯是痛苦的。故选B。 【10题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Rather than trying to remove them entirely, try to replace them with something healthier instead, or create a reward system for yourself to introduce the positive behaviour.(与其试图完全去除它们，不如尝试用更健康的东西来替代它们，或者为自己创建一个奖励系统来引入积极的行为)”以及第四段中“This increased awareness will lead you to make more intentional choices and break the automatic cycle of bad habits.(这种意识的提高将引导你做出更有意识的选择，打破坏习惯的自动循环)”可知，做出积极的努力有助于改掉坏习惯。故选A。 Passage 4 （25-26高一上·湖北襄阳四中·期中） A recent study from the University of California San Diego reveals that young children between the ages of 3 and 5 can improve their musical abilities, especially in understanding musical pitches (音高), when learning Mandarin, compared to those who speak English. This research challenges the idea that our mental abilities are entirely separate from each other. It suggests that the skills children learn in one area can influence their learning in another. This raises questions about how our mental abilities relate to each other. The study involved two experiments with similar groups of Mandarin and English learners, totaling 180 children. They were tested on tasks related to pitch (high or low notes) and timbre (音色) (the quality of sound). Both groups performed similarly on the task related to timbre. However, Mandarin speakers performed better than English speakers on tasks related to pitch. Mandarin is a tonal language, which means the tone (音调) used when saying a word can change its meaning, not just add emphasis. For example, the Mandarin word “ma” can mean “mother,” “horse,” “hem (麻),” or “scold,” depending on how it’s spoken. This focus on pitch helps young Mandarin speakers understand musical pitches better. Since both language and music involve changes in pitch, the study aimed to find out if understanding pitch in language is different from understanding it in music. The results suggest that experience with understanding musical pitches can also help in understanding language pitches, and vice versa (反之亦然). While learning Mandarin might offer an advantage due to its tonal nature, it’s important to note that the study doesn’t suggest replacing music lessons with language lessons or the other way around. Learning another language has many benefits, and music education remains important for musical skills. In summary, this is an extremely valuable research, highlighting the connections between cognitive (认知的) skills and emphasizing the value of exposing children to different languages and providing them with musical education for their overall development. 11. What is the purpose of paragraph 1? A. To offer the research result to be discussed. B. To introduce the concept of musical pitches. C. To present the University of California San Diego. D. To share a fact about children’s language development. 12. What is the challenged idea according to paragraph 2? A. The benefits of musical education. B. The difficulty of learning Mandarin. C. The separation of children’s skills. D. The importance of speaking English. 13. What is the advantage of learning Mandarin according to the study? A. Making music lessons no longer needed. B. Telling high and low musical notes apart better. C. Telling the difference in sound quality more easily. D. Improving children’s ability to learn other languages. 14. What is the author’s attitude towards this study? A. Critical B. Supportive C. Doubtful. D. Unclear 【答案】11. A 12. C 13. B 14. B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍加州大学圣地亚哥分校的研究发现：3-5岁儿童学习普通话比学英语更能提升音乐音高理解能力，揭示了认知技能间的关联及多语言接触与音乐教育的重要性。 【解析】 【11题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“A recent study from the University of California San Diego reveals that young children between the ages of 3 and 5 can improve their musical abilities, especially in understanding musical pitches, when learning Mandarin, compared to those who speak English.(加州大学圣地亚哥分校最近的一项研究表明，与说英语的孩子相比，3-5岁的幼儿在学习普通话时，能够提高他们的音乐能力，尤其是在理解音乐音高方面)”可知，该段直接呈现了核心研究结果，为后文围绕这一结果展开的讨论（如技能关联性、研究细节、意义等）奠定基础。故选A项。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“This research challenges the idea that our mental abilities are entirely separate from each other.(这项研究挑战了我们的心智能力是完全相互独立的观点)”可知，被挑战的观点是“心智能力（即儿童的各项技能）是相互分离的”。故选C项。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“A recent study from the University of California San Diego reveals that young children between the ages of 3 and 5 can improve their musical abilities, especially in understanding musical pitches, when learning Mandarin, compared to those who speak English.(加州大学圣地亚哥分校最近的一项研究表明，与说英语的孩子相比，3-5岁的幼儿在学习普通话时，能够提高他们的音乐能力，尤其是在理解音乐音高方面)及第三段“However, Mandarin speakers performed better than English speakers on tasks related to pitch.(然而，说普通话的人在与音高相关的任务中表现比说英语的人更好)”可知，学习普通话的优势是能更好地辨别音乐中的高低音（音高）。故选B项。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“In summary, this is an extremely valuable research, highlighting the connections between cognitive skills and emphasizes the value of exposing children to different languages and providing them with musical education for their overall development.(总之，这是一项极具价值的研究，它凸显了认知技能之间的联系，并强调了让儿童接触不同语言和为他们提供音乐教育对其全面发展的价值)”可知，作者用“extremely valuable（极具价值的）”评价该研究，明确表达了支持态度。故选B项。 Passage 5 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 （25-26高一上·深圳高级中学·期中） Studies continue to show how important strong friendships are to our overall health. Here’re the rules you are supposed to know to keep strong and healthy friendships. 1 Everyone needs a support network. When you consider yourself the friend of another, you’re offering to be a part of his or her support network. What’s more, without trust and honesty, there is no authenticity (真实性) to the friendship. Be all ears to your friends. Too often, we only “half hear” what others are telling us and have a hard time making space for caring about others’ conditions. 2 If we don’t truly know what our friends need or can’t clearly express how we feel or what we need, friendships won’t survive or continue. Throw away the judgment. 3 Good friends are able to realize that everyone is human. Friends don’t have to necessarily “like” or “approve” of their friends’ choices, but good friends will accept their friends’ choices no matter what. Forgive (原谅) where you can - and seek forgiveness when you make a mess of something. No one promises to bring perfection to a relationship, so being willing to accept and forgive the weaknesses of others makes you more likely to build a lasting friendship. 4 Respect your friends and their boundaries. Everyone has a right to set up personal boundaries to feel safe and respected. Some friends may have a difficult time letting people get close to them for fear of being hurt. 5 Give them the space they need to feel comfortable and let the relationship deepen over time. A. Don’t push your friends B. Offer them what they need C. Support, trust, and honesty are principles D. But friendships don’t need to be perfect E. True friends don’t judge each other’s choices F. However, friendships require attention and care G. It’s also important that we’re able to recognize when we make mistakes 【答案】1. C 2. F 3. E 4. G 5. A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，短文介绍了如何维持牢固健康的友谊。 【解析】 【1题详解】 根据下文“Everyone needs a support network. When you consider yourself the friend of another, you’re offering to be a part of his or her support network. What’s more, without trust and honesty, there is no authenticity(真实性) to the friendship.(每个人都需要一个支持网络。当你将自己视为他人的朋友时，你就是在主动成为对方支持网络中的一员。此外，没有信任与坦诚，友谊便失去了真实性。)”可知，本段核心是“支持、信任、诚实”对友谊的重要性。C选项“Support, trust, and honesty are principles(支持、信任和诚实是基本原则)”直接点明本段主题，“Support, trust, and honesty”与下文内容一一对应，起到总领全段的作用。故选C项。 【2题详解】 根据上文“Too often, we only “half hear” what others are telling us and have a hard time making space for caring about others’ conditions.(很多时候，我们只是“半心半意地听”别人说的话，很难腾出精力关心别人的状况。)”及下文“If we don’t truly know what our friends need or can’t clearly express how we feel or what we need, friendships won’t survive or continue.(如果我们不真正了解朋友的需求，或者无法清晰表达自己的感受和需求，友谊就无法维系或继续。)”可知，空格处需强调“友谊需要用心关注和呵护”。F选项“However, friendships require attention and care(然而，友谊需要关注和呵护)”中“however”承接前文“半心半意倾听”的问题，“attention and care”呼应下文“了解需求、表达感受”的重要性，逻辑连贯。故选F项。 【3题详解】 根据本段小标题“Throw away the judgment(放下评判)”及下文“Good friends are able to realize that everyone is human. Friends don’t have to necessarily “like” or “approve” of their friends’ choices, but good friends will accept their friends’ choices no matter what.(好朋友会意识到每个人都是普通人。朋友不一定非要“喜欢”或“认可”对方的选择，但好朋友会无条件接受对方的选择。)”可知，空格处需点明“真正的朋友不会评判彼此的选择”。E选项“True friends don’t judge each other’s choices(真正的朋友不会评判彼此的选择)”直接呼应小标题“Throw away the judgment”，且与下文“accept their friends’ choices”形成逻辑一致，起到引出具体观点的作用。故选E项。 【4题详解】 根据上文“No one promises to bring perfection to a relationship, so being willing to accept and forgive the weaknesses of others makes you more likely to build a lasting friendship.(没有人能保证一段关系是完美的，所以愿意接受和原谅别人的缺点，你更有可能建立一段持久的友谊。)”可知，空格处需补充“自己犯错时也应寻求原谅”。G选项“It’s also important that we’re able to recognize when we make mistakes(同样重要的是，我们要能意识到自己何时犯了错)”中“also important”承接前文“原谅别人的缺点”，且“recognize when we make mistakes”对应小标题中的“seek forgiveness when you make a mess of something”，完善了“原谅”的双向逻辑（原谅他人+主动认错求原谅）。故选G项。 【5题详解】 根据上文“Some friends may have a difficult time letting people get close to them for fear of being hurt.(有些朋友可能因为害怕受伤而难以让别人靠近。)”及下文“Give them the space they need to feel comfortable and let the relationship deepen over time.(给他们需要的空间，让他们感到舒适，让关系随着时间慢慢加深。)”可知，空格处需给出“不要强迫朋友”的建议。A选项“Don’t push your friends(不要强迫你的朋友)”直接呼应下文“Give them the space”，既承接了“朋友害怕受伤、难以靠近”的现状，又明确了具体做法，符合“尊重边界”的段落主题。故选A项。 Passage 6 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 （25-26高一上·济南一中·期中） In a modern time when everyone is so busy with their routine and problems, we almost forget to notice others. ____1____ So it is worthy of sparing some moments to notice them and pass a compliment (称赞). A compliment is a high dose (剂量) of positive words which helps make people feel good. Whether you are going through a street, a park, a market or other places, you can pass words full of praise and encouragement to even strangers because these positive words are what they want to hear. ____2____ Also, they will feel good enough to get the attention of those around them. If you appreciate people for their hard work, they will gather the courage to do their job more skillfully. For example, a person may want to do something for his life but couldn’t do so because of a lack of encouragement and positive support. ____3____ And the creativity of people greatly increases through your positive comments. ____4____ When you tell strangers about themselves, praising them through your compliments, the ego (自我) will gradually disappear and healthy interactions will appear. If you fail to communicate with people or do not pass a compliment because of the ego, your relationship will stay distant. When you start to praise and give positive words to people, you also get them back. Everyone wants to be praised and seen by others. If you break your ego first and appreciate people and tell them about their personalities, people also would like to do the same in return. ____5____ A. Then they will feel happy for your little act. B. Everyone has their problems in today’s world. C. You will develop a positive attitude towards life. D. Compliments help make people close to each other. E. People who are living around us may not always be there. F. Through this, you will receive recognition of yourself, too. G. With compliments, however, he will be encouraged to do what he wants to do. 【答案】1. E 2. A 3. G 4. D 5. F 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了称赞的重要性及其积极影响，包括鼓励他人、增进关系、以及自身获得积极反馈等。  【解析】 【1题详解】 上文“In a modern time when everyone is so busy with their routine and problems, we almost forget to notice others.(在现代社会，每个人都忙于自己的日常事务和问题，我们几乎忘记了注意别人)”及下文“So it is worthy of sparing some moments to notice them and pass a compliment (称赞).(因此，花点时间去注意他们并赞美他们是值得的)”说明人们忽视了他人的存在，应该给予别人注意和赞美，空处应说明为什么我们应该花时间去关注他人并给予赞美，承上启下，与下文形成因果关系，E选项中的“People who are living around us”与上文中的“others”相呼应。所以E选项“我们身边的人并不总是在那里。”符合语境。故选E。 【2题详解】 上文“Whether you are going through a street, a park, a market or other places, you can pass words full of praise and encouragement to even strangers because these positive words are what they want to hear.(无论你是穿过街道、公园、市场还是其他地方，你都可以把充满赞美和鼓励的话传递给陌生人，因为这些积极的话语是他们想听到的)”及下文“Also, they will feel good enough to get the attention of those around them.(同时，他们也会感觉很好，从而引起周围人的注意)”说明积极的话语会让他们感到高兴，对他们有积极的作用，空处承上启下，与下文形成并列关系，A选项中的“your little act”与上文中的“you can pass words”相呼应。所以A选项“然后他们会为你的小举动感到高兴。”符合语境。故选A。 【3题详解】 上文“For example, a person may want to do something for his life but couldn’t do so because of a lack of encouragement and positive support.(例如，一个人可能想为自己的生活做一些事情，但由于缺乏鼓励和支持而无法实现)”及下文“And the creativity of people greatly increases through your positive comments.(通过你的正面评价，他们的创造力会大大增加)”说明正面评价增加了创造力，让他去做自己想做的事情，空处承上启下，与上文形成转折关系，G选项中的“compliments”与下文中的“your positive comments”相呼应。所以G选项“然而，赞美会鼓励他去做他想做的事。”符合语境。故选G。 【4题详解】 下文“When you tell strangers about themselves, praising them through your compliments, the ego (自我) will gradually disappear and healthy interactions will appear.(当你告诉陌生人他们的优点，并通过赞美来表扬他们时，自我的意识将逐渐消失，健康的互动将会出现)”说明赞美的力量很大，可以拉近人与人之间的距离，空处应用一个总结性的句子，引出下文。D选项中的“close to each other”与下文中的“healthy interactions”相呼应。所以D选项“赞美有助于使人们彼此亲近。”符合语境。故选D。 【5题详解】 上文“If you break your ego first and appreciate people and tell them about their personalities, people also would like to do the same in return.(如果你先放下自我，欣赏他人并谈论他们的个性，别人也会愿意做同样的事情作为回报)”说明你赞美别人的同时，别人也会赞美你，空处应承接上文。F选项中的“Through this”与上文中的“you break your ego first and appreciate people and tell them about their personalities”相呼应。所以F选项“通过这些，你也会得到别人对你自己的认可。”符合语境。故选F。 Passage 7 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 （25-26高一上·深圳高级中学·期中） At 17, my rowing coach said that taking a day off a week was unnecessary. Such a strong and demanding schedule made me ____1____ exercise, and when I finally quit rowing, I also ____2____ exercising altogether. The very thought of working out became an old memory. However, after moving to a new neighborhood — being an author and working at home, I ____3____ for the sense of belonging to a group again but was ___4___ about returning to rowing. One day, a neighbor ____5____ me to fill in for his basketball team because of his leg injury. Playing basketball brought back the ____6____ of being part of a team. Unlike the serious nature of rowing, playing basketball was just for fun for me, free from the ____7____ of costly equipment (装备). My teammates and I don’t know much about each other‘s personal lives, but we share a(n) ____8____ through our deep love for the game and our wish to win, a connection that makes us struggle for excellence together. These regular games have ____9____ improved my life. The life of an author can be isolated (孤独的), and social media often also ____10____ my pressure. I clearly remember when I received an email to ____11____ the book I had run out of my efforts for a year, I was reduced to tears. On that evening, I headed to a basketball game. I started the game in a ____12____ mood, but as it progressed, my spirits ____13____ . By the end, I felt great. Playing basketball provides an important break from these ____14____ . It allows me to focus only on the game, temporarily (暂时地) ____15____ something else. Despite being a small change in my daily schedule — just under an hour weekly — it has greatly improved my general health and happiness. 1. A. follow B. hate C. lack D. watch 2. A. stopped B. gained C. reached D. recommended 3. A. pretended B. waited C. longed D. refused 4. A. uncertain B. proud C. pleased D. curious 5. A. reminded B. forced C. taught D. requested 6. A. failure B. challenge C. joy D. practice 7. A. risks B. points C. degrees D. troubles 8. A. tie B. duty C. opinion D. excitement 9. A. generally B. obviously C. hardly D. only 10. A. refers to B. belongs to C. turns to D. adds to 11. A. publish B. translate C. rewrite D. buy 12. A. cheerful B. terrible C. positive D. relaxed 13. A. fixed B. worsened C. dropped D. lifted 14. A. stresses B. surprises C. accidents D. judgments 15. A. dreaming B. forgetting C. listing D. losing 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. C 4. A 5. D 6. C 7. D 8. A 9. B 10. D 11. C 12. B 13. D 14. A 15. B 【导语】这是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者从青少年时期高强度划船训练导致厌恶运动，到后来通过篮球重拾运动乐趣的心路历程。文章通过对比划船与篮球的不同体验，强调了团队运动对缓解压力、提升幸福感的重要作用。 【解析】 【1题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：如此高强度且严苛的训练计划让我讨厌运动，最终退出划船后，我也彻底停止了锻炼。A. follow跟随；B. hate讨厌；C. lack缺乏；D. watch 观看。根据后文“quit rowing”可知，严苛的训练让作者对运动产生负面情绪，即讨厌运动。故选B项。 【2题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：如此高强度且严苛的训练计划让我讨厌运动，最终退出划船后，我也彻底停止了锻炼。A. stopped停止；B. gained获得；C. reached到达；D. recommended推荐。根据“quit rowing”推测，作者因此彻底放弃运动。故选A项。 【3题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，搬到新社区后——作为一名在家工作的作家，我渴望再次感受团队的归属感，但对重返划船运动感到犹豫。A. pretended假装；B. waited等待；C. longed渴望；D. refused拒绝。下文“sense of belonging to a group”暗示作者内心需求，“longed”能准确表达这种情感。故选C项。 【4题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，搬到新社区后——作为一名在家工作的作家，我渴望再次感受团队的归属感，但对重返划船运动感到犹豫。A. uncertain不确定的；B. proud自豪的；C. pleased高兴的；D. curious好奇的。前文提到划船训练的负面经历，因此作者态度应是“不确定是否回归”。故选A项。 【5题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一天，一位邻居因腿伤请求我去他的篮球队顶替他。A. reminded提醒；B. forced强迫；C. taught教导；D. requested请求。根据“fill in for his team”表明邻居提出请求。故选D项。 【6题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：打篮球让我重新感受到团队合作的快乐。A. failure失败；B. challenge挑战；C. joy快乐；D. practice练习。根据后文提到的“just for fun”推知，作者感受到了团队合作的快乐语。故选C项。 【7题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：与划船不同，篮球对我而言纯属娱乐，无需担心昂贵的装备带来的麻烦。A. risks风险；B. points分数；C. degrees程度；D. troubles麻烦。根据“costly equipment”可知，可能带来经济的麻烦。故选D项。 【8题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管队友们对彼此的个人生活了解不多，但通过对篮球的热爱和获胜的愿望，我们建立了紧密的联系。A. tie纽带；B. duty责任；C. opinion观点；D. excitement兴奋。根据文中的“connection”可知，此处强调团队情感的联结。故选A项。 【9题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：这些定期的比赛明显改善了我的生活。A. generally通常；B. obviously明显地；C. hardly几乎不；D. only仅仅。后文“greatly improved”强调积极变化且效果显著，程度副词obviously符合语境。故选B项。 【10题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：作家的生活可能很孤独，而社交媒体往往还会增加我的压力。A. refers to提及；B. belongs to属于；C. turns to转向；D. adds to增加。根据后文“I clearly remember when I received an email to ___11___ the book I had run out of my efforts for a year, I was reduced to tears. ”可知，社交媒体增加了作者的压力。故选D项。 【11题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意： 我清楚地记得，当我收到一封邮件，要求重写我花了一年心血的书时，我哭了。A. publish出版；B. translate翻译；C. rewrite重写；D. buy购买。根据后文“I was reduced to tears”可知，作者在收到邮件时是伤心的，可推断书需要重写。故选C项。 【12题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：比赛开始时我情绪低落，但随着比赛进行，我的精神振奋起来。A. cheerful开心的；B. terrible糟糕的；C. positive积极的；D. relaxed放松的。上文“reduced to tears”暗示初始情绪消极，因此terrible符合语境。故选B项。 【13题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：比赛开始时我情绪低落，但随着比赛进行，我的精神振奋起来。A. fixed固定；B. worsened恶化；C. dropped下降；D. lifted提升。后文“felt great”表明情绪由差转好，即精神提振。故选D项。 【14题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：打篮球让我从这些压力中暂时抽离。A. stresses压力；B. surprises惊喜；C. accidents事故；D. judgments判断。根据前文“The life of an author can be isolated（孤独的), and social media often also ___10___ my pressure.”以及“Playing basketball provides an important break”可知，打篮球让作者从这些压力中得到休息。故选A项。 【15题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意： 它让我只专注于比赛，暂时忘记其他事情。A. dreaming梦想；B. forgetting忘记；C. listing列出；D. losing失去。根据“focus only on the game”推知，作者专注于打篮球，忘记了其他事情。故选B项。 Passage 8 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 （25-26高一上·浙江S9联盟·期中） That was a cold winter evening when I finished my shift at the local radio station. As I walked to my car, I noticed an elderly woman standing alone near the entrance, shaking and looking 1 . Her thin coat was no 2 for the biting wind, and her expression was one of 3 . I approached her cautiously, not wanting to 4 her. “Ma’am, are you okay?” I asked 5 . She looked up at me and said, “I can’t find my way home. My daughter usually 6 me up, but she didn’t answer her phone.” Without hesitation, I 7 to help. “Let me get you somewhere 8 while we figure this out,” I said, guiding her towards my car. I 9 the heater and handed her a blanket I kept in the backseat. As we sat in the car, I tried to keep her 10 up. “Do you have any family nearby?” I asked. She 11 , mentioning a nearby convenience store where her daughter often met her. “Let’s go there,” I suggested. “It’s warmer, and we can wait inside.” At the store, the clerk kindly offered us a seat by the heater. I called the police to report the 12 and they assured me they would send someone to take her home. When the police 13 , I helped her into their car, feeling a sense of 14 . That cold night taught me the power of a warm heart. Sometimes, all it takes is a little love to make someone’s day 15 . 1. A. tired B. lost C. bored D. strange 2. A. match B. reason C. place D. space 3. A. comfort B. success C. fear D. regret 4. A. frighten B. forget C. remind D. notice 5. A. formally B. firmly C. quickly D. gently 6. A. turns B. gives C. picks D. raises 7. A. hoped B. pretended C. agreed D. offered 8. A. safe B. warm C. attractive D. convenient 9. A. turned on B. set up C. took over D. put away 10. A. dreams B. conditions C. spirits D. strengths 11. A. waited B. cried C. believed D. nodded 12. A. accident B. regulation C. situation D. process 13. A. worked B. arrived C. explained D. searched 14. A. satisfaction B. humour C. curiosity D. direction 15. A. quieter B. brighter C. heavier D. busier 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. C 4. A 5. D 6. C 7. D 8. B 9. A 10. C 11. D 12. C 13. B 14. A 15. B 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者在当地电台下班后，看到一位老妇人在入口处独自站着，瑟瑟发抖且看起来很迷茫。作者主动上前询问并提供帮助，带她到温暖的地方等待，还报警求助，最后看着老妇人被警察接走，作者也感受到了帮助他人的满足。 【解析】 【1题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我走向我的车时，我注意到一位老妇人独自站在入口附近，浑身发抖，看起来迷路了。A. tired疲惫的；B. lost迷路的，迷茫的；C. bored无聊的；D. strange奇怪的。根据下文老妇人说 “I can’t find my way home”可知，她看起来迷路了。故选B。 【2题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她单薄的外套无法抵御刺骨的寒风，她的表情充满了恐惧。A. match匹配，对手；B. reason原因；C. place地方；D. space空间。根据“Her thin coat”可知，这里说的是她的薄外套无法与寒风抗衡，be no match for是固定短语，意为“无法对抗”。故选A。 【3题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她单薄的外套无法抵御刺骨的寒风，她的表情充满了恐惧。A. comfort舒适，安慰；B. success成功；C. fear恐惧；D. regret后悔。根据下文“I can’t find my way home.”以及上文“Her thin coat was no 2 for the biting wind,”可知，一个人在寒冷的夜晚迷路，她的表情应该是充满恐惧的。故选C。 【4题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我小心翼翼地走近她，不想吓到她。A. frighten使害怕，惊吓；B. forget忘记；C. remind提醒；D. notice注意到。根据上文“and her expression was one of 3 .”可知，因为老妇人看起来很害怕，所以作者小心翼翼地走近，是不想再惊吓到她。故选A。 【5题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：“夫人，你还好吗？” 我温柔地问道。A. formally正式地；B. firmly坚定地；C. quickly快速地；D. gently温柔地；轻轻地。根据上文“I approached her cautiously, not wanting to 4 her.”可知，作者不想惊吓到老妇人，所以应该是温柔地询问。故选D。 【6题详解】 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：她抬头看着我说：“我找不到回家的路了。我女儿通常会来接我，但她没有接电话。”A. turns转动，转弯；B. gives给；C. picks捡起，接某人；D. raises提高，养育。根据“My daughter usually”和常识可知，此处指老人的女儿通常会接她，pick sb. up 是固定短语，意为“接某人”，符合语境。故选C。 【7题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我毫不犹豫地主动提出帮助。A. hoped希望；B. pretended假装；C. agreed同意；D. offered主动提供。根据下文作者说“Let me get you somewhere”可知，作者是主动提出帮助。故选D。 【8题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“在我们解决这个问题的时候，让我带你去一个温暖的地方。”我说，引导她走向我的车。A. safe安全的；B. warm温暖的；C. attractive有吸引力的；D. convenient方便的。根据上文“shaking”和“biting wind”可知，作者是想带她去一个温暖的地方。故选B。 【9题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我打开暖气，把我放在后座的一条毯子递给她。A. turned on打开；B. set up建立，设置；C. took over接管；D. put away收起，放好。根据“the heater and handed her a blanket I kept in the backseat.”可知，作者是要打开暖气让老妇人暖和。故选A。 【10题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我们坐在车里时，我试图让她振作起来。A. dreams梦想；B. conditions条件，状况；C. spirits精神，情绪；D. strengths力量，长处。根据上文“shaking and looking   1 .”可知，作者想让迷路且害怕的老妇人情绪好一些。keep one’s spirits up 是固定短语，意为 “让某人振作起来”。故选C。 【11题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她点了点头，提到附近有一家便利店，她女儿经常在那里和她见面。A. waited等待；B. cried哭泣；C. believed相信；D. nodded点头。根据上文““Do you have any family nearby?” I asked.”和下文“mentioning a nearby convenience store where her daughter often met her.”可知，老人点头表示附近有家人。故选D。 【12题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我报警报告了这个情况，他们向我保证会派人送她回家。A. accident事故；B. regulation规则；C. situation情况，状况；D. process过程。根据上文提到老人迷路“I can’t find my way home.”可知，作者向警察报告的是老妇人迷路这个情况。故选C。 【13题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当警察到达时，我帮她上了他们的车，感到一种满足感。A. worked工作；B. arrived到达；C. explained解释；D. searched搜索。根据“I helped her into their car”可知，警察到达了现场，然后作者帮老妇人上车。故选B。 【14题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当警察到达时，我帮她上了他们的车，感到一种满足感。A. satisfaction满足，满意；B. humour幽默；C. curiosity好奇；D. direction方向。结合上文“heater and handed her a blanket I kept in the backseat”可知，作者主动帮助老人，带她到车里取暖，并试图帮着找她的家人，看到她能被警察送回家，作者感到满足。故选A。 【15题详解】 考查形容词比较级词义辨析。句意：那个寒冷的夜晚教会了我一颗温暖的心的力量。有时候，只需要一点爱就能让某人的一天更加明亮。A. quieter更安静的；B. brighter更明亮的，更愉快的；C. heavier更重的；D. busier更忙碌的。根据上文作者对老人的帮助，以及老人被警察带回家可知，这里说的是一点爱能让老妇人的一天变得更愉快、更美好，brighter符合语境。故选B。 Passage 9 （25-26高一上·杭州源清中学·期中） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 After four years of living here, I have a better 1 (understand) of northern China’s food. Northern China’s hearty food is 2 (general) more acceptable to Westerners. They can enjoy Beijing roast duck, beef and dairy from Inner Mongolia, and Korean dishes in the northeast. Northern China experiences cold and dry winters, and hot summers, 3 (make) calories and salt replacement more important. As a result, northern dishes have strong flavors, compared with the south 4 dishes are lighter in flavor. Wheat is the main crop of northern China, and you will find a variety of wheat-flour 5 (produce). Rice is also eaten in the north, but it is certainly secondary to wheat. Dumplings are very popular in the north, 6 (serve) with vinegar for dipping. Northerners tend to eat more meat and dairy for the purpose of fighting against the cold weather. Most meat dishes 7 (base) on mutton, pork, beef, chicken and fish. There are less fresh vegetables available because of the cold weather. Fruit is traditionally limited 8 a few hard seasonal varieties like apples, 9 it doesn’t feature much in the cuisine, although the northwest is famous for 10 (it) dried fruit and wine. 【答案】 1．understanding 2．generally 3．making 4．where 5．products 6．served 7．are based 8．to 9．so 10．its 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了作者对于中国北方美食的理解。 【解析】 1．考查名词。句意：在这里生活了四年，我对中国北方的美食有了更多的了解。此处应用名词understanding作宾语，由a可知，应用单数，have a better understanding of“对……更了解”是常用搭配。故填understanding。 2．考查副词。句意：中国北方丰盛的食物一般更容易被西方人接受。此处应用副词generally作状语，修饰形容词acceptable。故填generally。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：中国北方冬季寒冷干燥，夏季炎热，热量和盐分的补充变得更加重要。此处是非谓语动词作状语，表示自然而然的结果，应用现在分词作结果状语，故填making。 4．考查定语从句。句意：因此，北方菜的味道较重，南方菜的味道较淡。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the south，且关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导，故填where。 5．考查名词的数。句意：小麦是中国北方的主要农作物，您会发现各种各样的小麦面粉产品。此处应用名词product作宾语，表示“产品”，由a variety of可知，应用复数，故填products。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：饺子在北方很流行，用醋蘸着吃。此处是非谓语动词作状语，主语dumplings和动词serve是被动关系，应用过去分词作状语，故填served。 7．考查时态和语态。句意：大多数肉类菜肴以羊肉、猪肉、牛肉、鸡肉和鱼为主。此处是句子的谓语，句子描述一般性事实，应用一般现在时，be based on固定搭配，意为“以……为基础”，主语是复数，be动词应用are，故填are based。 8．考查固定搭配。句意：传统上，水果仅限于苹果等少数硬质时令品种，因此，尽管西北地区以其干果和葡萄酒而闻名，但它在菜肴中的特色并不多。be limited to固定搭配，意为“限于”，故填to。 9．考查连词。句意：传统上，水果仅限于苹果等少数硬质时令品种，因此，尽管西北地区以其干果和葡萄酒而闻名，但它在菜肴中的特色并不多。前后句子是因果关系，此处应用连词so，表示“因此”，故填so。 10．考查代词。句意：传统上，水果仅限于苹果等少数硬质时令品种，因此，尽管西北地区以其干果和葡萄酒而闻名，但它在菜肴中的特色并不多。此处应用形容词性物主代词its作定语，修饰名词短语fruit and wine，故填its。 Passage 10 （25-26高一上·浙江温州中学·期中） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 You know how disappointed it can be if you are not able to communicate with the 1 (native) when you’re traveling, and you might think learning a new language is a tough task. But fear not! We figured out 2 (exact) how many words you need to learn to speak a language well. A group of linguists (语言学家) have created a test 3 (see) how many words you know in English. There are 200,000+ words in the English language, but the test only 4 (include) 50 of them. You may not understand all of the 50 words. The linguists believe that if you multiply (乘) 5 number of words out of 50 that you understand by 500, you’ll almost know your English vocabulary. A professor has found that native speakers of a language know 15,000 to 20,000 lemmas (词目). A lemma 6 (make) up of a root word (say: walk) and all of 7 (it) inflections (屈折形式) (walked, walking, walker, etc.). But if you learn a new language, you can never understand 15,000 lemmas. He discourages people from learning all of the words in a language. There are 800 to 1,000 lemmas 8 are used most frequently in the language. He advises people to focus 9 these lemmas. With these lemmas, people can understand 75% of the language. And they will be 10 (confidence) enough to start a conversation, order at a restaurant, and deal with other daily communication. 【答案】1. natives 2. exactly 3. to see 4. includes 5. the 6. is made 7. its 8. which/that 94. on/upon 10. confident 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了学习一门语言的方法和技巧。 【解析】 【1题详解】 考查名词复数。句意：你知道如果你在旅行时不能和当地人交流是多么的失望，你可能会认为学习一门新语言是一项艰巨的任务。分析句子，设空处使用名词作宾语，native意为“当地人”，此处表示复数意义，用其复数形式。故填natives。 【2题详解】 考查副词。句意：我们算出了学好一门语言确切地需要多少单词。分析句子，设空处使用副词exactly作状语，意为“确切地”，修饰动词短语figured out。故填exactly。 【3题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：一组语言学家设计了一个测试，看看你知道多少英语单词。分析句子，句中have created为谓语，设空处使用非谓语动词，此处使用不定式，作目的状语。故填to see。 【4题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：英语中有20多万个单词，但测试只涉及其中的50个。分析句子，include是谓语动词，主动语态。根据前半句的are可知，此处使用一般现在时。主语the test为第三人称单数，谓语动词也应该使用第三人称单数。故填includes。 【5题详解】 考查冠词。句意：语言学家认为，如果你把你能理解的50个单词的数量乘以500，你就几乎掌握了你的英语词汇量。句中the number of意为“……的数量”。故填the。 【6题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：一个词目由一个词根（比如：walk）和它所有的词形变化（walked、walking、walker等）组成。分析句子可知，be made up of (由……组成)用作谓语，根据句意可知，句子表述客观事实，故使用一般现在时，主语A lemma单数，谓语单数形式。故填is made。 【7题详解】 考查代词。句意：一个词目由一个词根（比如：walk）和它所有的词形变化（walked、walking、walker等）组成。分析句子，设空处使用it的形容词性物主代词its作定语，修饰名词inflections。故填its。 【8题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：英语中最常用的词目有800到10000种。分析句子，设空处引导的是限制性定语从句，先行词lemmas，为物，关系词替代先行词在从句中作主语，用关系代词which/that引导。故填which或that。 【9题详解】 考查介词。句意：他建议人们关注这些词目。句中focus on/upon为固定短语，意为“集中注意力于……”。故填on或upon。 【10题详解】 考查形容词。句意：他们将有信心开始交谈，在餐馆点菜，以及处理其他日常交流。分析句子可知，设空处使用形容词confident作表语，意为“自信的”。故填confident。 迁移应用篇 一、根据提示完成句子 1. She found it necessary ________（充分利用）the school library and other facilities. 答案： to make the most of/ take advantage of 解析：本句使用了“find it + 形容词 + to do”结构，其中 it 是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式短语 to make the most of/ take advantage of...。 make the most of / take advantage of意为“充分利用”，与所给词义一致。 句意：她发现有必要充分利用学校图书馆和其他设施。 2. ________（随着时间的推移）, I have learned to be more independent and responsible. 答案： Over time 解析： Over time 作时间状语，意为“随着时间流逝”，相当于“as time goes by”。主句使用现在完成时 have learned，强调过去经历对现在的影响。 句意：随着时间的推移，我学会了更加独立和有责任心。 3. It was the first time that I ________（主持）a workshop on biology in our school. 答案： had hosted 解析： 固定句型 It was the first time that... 中，从句谓语须用 过去完成时（had done），表示“那是第一次做某事”。host 意为“主持”，符合所给词汇。 句意：那是我第一次在我们学校主持一个关于生物学的研讨会。 4. I haven't decided ________（如何平衡）my studies and sports activities. 答案： how to balance 解析： “疑问词 + 不定式”结构（how to do）作 decide 的宾语，表示“如何做某事”。 balance 意为“平衡”，此处用作动词。 句意：我还没有决定如何平衡我的学习和体育活动。 5. The secret to success ________（在于）a positive attitude and continuous effort. 答案： lies in 解析： lie in 意为“存在于；在于”，主语 the secret 为单数，故谓语用 lies。句中 positive attitude 和 effort 均来自所给词汇。 句意：成功的秘诀在于积极的态度和持续的努力。 6. ________（由于）his positive attitude, he was able to rise to every challenge. 答案： As a result of 解析：as a result of 意为“由于；因为”，后接名词或名词短语，在句中作原因状语。本句主句为“he was able to...”，原因状语置于句首，首字母需大写。 句意：由于他积极的态度，他能够应对每一个挑战。 7. I ________（期待）the day when I can become an independent and well-rounded individual. 答案： look forward to 解析：look forward to 意为“期待”，其中 to 是介词，后接名词或动名词（此处接名词 the day）。主语为 I，一般现在时用原形。 句意：我期待着有一天能成为一个独立且全面发展的人。 8. As senior students, we must ________（对……负责）our own choices and actions. 答案： be responsible for 解析：be responsible for 意为“对……负责”，其中 responsible 为形容词。情态动词 must 后接动词原形，故填 be responsible for（不定式省略to）。 句意：作为高年级学生，我们必须对自己的选择和行动负责。 9. It is amazing how she always ________（能够处理）difficult situations with confidence. 答案： rises to 解析：rise to 意为“能够处理（挑战、困难等）”，常搭配 challenge 或 situation。主语 she 为第三人称单数，且句子描述一般事实，用一般现在时，故填 rises to。 句意：令人惊讶的是，她总是能自信地应对困难局面。 10. It is your daily efforts that ________（有影响）to your overall academic performance. 答案： make a difference 解析：本句使用了强调句型 “It is/was + 被强调部分 + that + 其余部分”，此处强调主语 your daily efforts。 谓语动词应与被强调的主语 efforts（复数）保持主谓一致，故用 make，而 make a difference 意为“有影响；起作用”，与所给词义一致。 句意：正是你日常的努力对你的整体学业表现产生影响。 二、翻译句子 Embracing the Senior High Path As a senior high student, I realize that my potential lies in hard work and a positive attitude. (1)通往成功的路并非总是一帆风顺, but every challenge is an opportunity to grow. To make the most of my school time, I form a strict daily routine and (2)我每天早起. (3)我的信心日渐增长 with each small victory. (4)课堂上我总是注重细节 and actively acquire new knowledge. For example, (5)我的生物老师给了我一条很有用的建议 on studying effectively, and (6)研讨会主办方给我们提供了一些资料. (7)我觉得物理题很难 but interesting. (8)这些了不起的设施让我们的学习更高效. (9)我们应该把握每一次机会 to improve ourselves. (10)我的目标是培养全面发展的品格. As a result of my continuous effort, I have made great advances in my studies. Fortunately, my classmates are responsible and independent. Last but not least, I stick to my goal and balance my study with sports. I look forward to becoming a confident and professional individual in the future. 答案 （1）. The path to success is not always smooth. （主系表） （2）. I get up early each morning. （主谓） （3）. My confidence grows over time. （主谓） （4）. I always focus on the details in class. （主谓宾） （5）. My biology teacher gave me a helpful tip. （主谓双宾） （6）. The workshop host offered us some materials. （主谓双宾） （7）. I find the physics problems tough. （主谓宾补） （8）. The amazing facilities make our learning more efficient. （主谓宾补） （9）. We should take advantage of every chance. （主谓宾） （10）. My aim is to develop a well-rounded character. （主系表） 三、应用文写作 假定你是李华，你的英国笔友Tom即将以交换生的身份来你校学习一年。他来信询问宿舍情况。请你回信，内容包括： 1. 宿舍为几人间，室友如何分配； 2. 房间内的基本设施（如床铺、书桌、空调、独立卫浴等）； 3. 公共设施（如洗衣房、自习室等）及管理规则（如熄灯时间、门禁）。 注意： 词数80~100；开头和结尾已给出；条理清晰，语言连贯。 Dear Tom, I’m glad to hear that you’re going to enter our school soon. ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 范文 Dear Tom, I’m glad to hear that you’re going to enter our school soon. Now let me tell you something about the dormitory. Each room has four beds and the roommates are usually arranged by the school according to grade and class. The room is equipped with a desk, a wardrobe, an air conditioner and an independent bathroom with a shower. Besides, there is a laundry room on the first floor with several washing machines, and a study room on the second floor where you can read and review lessons. The lights are turned off at 10:30 p.m. and the dormitory gate is closed at 11 p.m. I hope the information helps. If you have any other questions, feel free to ask me. Yours, Li Hua 范文解析 第1段：回应来信，自然过渡到话题 let me tell you something about... 语气亲切，引出下文。 第2段： ① 宿舍人数（四人间）及室友分配方式 are usually arranged by the school according to... 被动语态 + 短语 according to。 ② 房间内设施（书桌、衣柜、空调、独立卫浴） be equipped with... 列出设施；with a shower 补充说明卫生间功能。 ③ 公共设施（洗衣房、自习室） Besides 自然过渡；where you can read and review lessons 定语从句说明用途。 ④ 管理规则（熄灯时间、门禁时间） 用被动语态 are turned off 和 is closed 说明管理规定，语气客观自然。 第3段：礼貌收尾，表达帮助意愿 I hope the information helps. 得体收束；feel free to ask me 体现热情友好。 写作小贴士 条理清晰：按题目三个要点逐一展开，使用 Besides、First of all 等连接词使层次分明。 句型多样：适当使用被动语态（are arranged、is closed）和定语从句（where you can...），避免句式单一。 语气得体：作为回信，应体现热情、乐意帮忙的态度，结尾加上 feel free to ask 等表达会显得更友好。 词数控制：本篇范文约90词，符合80~100词的要求，内容完整但不冗长。 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $