周周有招登顶班第十一讲Unit4 Our Memory(A)讲义2026-2027学年八升九人教版英语暑假衔接

第十一讲 Unit 4 Our Memory Section A How can we have a good memory? Part 1 单词加油站 词汇表 1. position /pəˈzɪʃn/ n. 位置；地方 v. 安置；使处于 15. happen to 发生于；使遭遇 2. sadness /ˈsædnəs/ n. 悲伤 16. keep (...) in mind 记在心中；记住 3. run out (of sth) 用完；耗尽 17. case /keɪs/ n. 情况；事实 4. react /riˈækt/ v. 作出反应；回应 18. in sb.'s case 就某人的情况而言 5. mix up 混淆；弄乱 19. opera /ˈɒprə/ n. 歌剧；歌剧团 6. put sth to good use 有效使用（或利用）某物 20. ticket /ˈtɪkɪt/ n. 入场券；票 7. chain /tʃeɪn/ n. 链条 21. wallet /ˈwɒlɪt/ n. 钱包 8. stable /ˈsteɪbl/ adj. 稳定的；稳固的 22. picnic /ˈpɪknɪk/ n. 野餐 9. lecture /ˈlektʃə(r)/ n. 讲座；讲课 23. pardon /ˈpɑːdn/ v. 原谅 interj. 请再说一遍；抱歉 10. retell /ˌriːˈtel/ v. 复述 24. airport /ˈeəpɔːt/ n. 机场 11. memorize /ˈmeməraɪz/ v. 记住；记忆 25. gunshot /ˈɡʌnʃɒt/ n. 枪声；射出的炮弹 12. tick /tɪk/ v. 给……打钩 n. 对号；钩号 26. grown-up /ˌɡrəʊn ˈʌp/ adj. 成年的 13. grandson /ˈɡrænsʌn/ n. 孙子；外孙 27. recall /rɪˈkɔːl/ v. 回忆起；回想起 14. go through 经历；仔细察看 28. grapevine /ˈɡreɪpvaɪn/ n. 葡萄藤 重点单词变形 请根据提示写出单词的正确形式。 1. sad adj. 伤心的 → ______ adv. 伤心地；令人遗憾地 → ______ n. 伤心；遗憾 1. react v. 作出反应；回应 → ______ n. 反应 1. stable adj. 稳定的；稳固的 → ______ n. 稳定性 1. memorize v. 记住；记忆 → ______ n. 记忆；回忆 1. grow v. 成长 → ______ n. 成长 重点短语 1. run out (of sth) 用完；耗尽 1. take a list 记清单 1. attend a lecture 听讲座；参加讲座 1. get sth mixed up 把……弄混/搞乱 1. put sth to good use 有效使用（或利用）某物 1. pay attention to 注意 1. reduce stress 缓解压力 1. last but not least 最后但同样重要的是 1. a good sign 一个好迹象 1. make up a song 编一首歌 1. give a speech 发表演讲 1. group information 把信息分组 1. instead of 代替；而不是 1. picture images 想象画面；勾勒意象 1. lead a healthy life 过健康的生活 1. price increase 价格上涨 1. take a break 休息一下 1. go straight to the place 直奔那个地方 1. make use of 利用 1. recognize voices 辨认声音 1. recorded information 记录的信息 Part 2 考点精讲 1. sadness 悲伤（P32 1a） 【详解】 sadness 为不可数名词，意为"悲伤"；其形容词形式为 _____，意为"悲伤的"。类似构词还有 kindness, happiness, illness 等。 【常用搭配】 full of sadness 充满悲伤 with sadness 悲伤地 【同根词】 sad adj. 伤心的 → _____ adv. 伤心地 → _____ n. 悲伤 = _____ n. 悲伤 【即时训练】 一、词形填空 1. He looked at me _____ (sad) when he heard the news. 1. Her _____ (sad) made all of us cry together. 1. It's normal to feel _____ (sad) after losing a friend. 1. I could see a look of _____ (sad) on her face. 1. 翻译：她的眼里充满了悲伤。 ______________________________________________ 2. It's running out. 它要用完了。（P32 1c） 【详解】 run out 表示"用完；耗尽"，常用 _____ 作主语，如 time, money, food, patience 等。若主语是人，通常用 _____。 【例句】 The paper is running out. 纸快用完了。 We are running out of paper. 我们快把纸用完了。 【拓展：run 的多种用法】 1. v. 跑，奔跑（基础义）—— He runs fast. 他跑得很快。 1. v. 经营；管理（熟词僻义，高频）—— run a shop / run a company 开店/经营公司；My uncle runs a bookstore. 1. v. 运转；运行—— The machine runs well. 机器运转正常。 1. v. 流逝（时间）—— Time runs quickly. 时光飞逝。 1. v. 流，流淌—— Tears ran down her face. 泪水从她脸上滑落。 1. v. 变得（系动词用法，后接形容词）—— run short 短缺；run dry 干涸；run out 耗尽 1. 高频固定短语： run away 逃跑 run after 追赶 run into 偶遇；撞上 run across 偶然碰见 run short of 缺乏 【即时训练】 一、用 run out / run out of 填空 1. I _____ my pen, so I need to buy a new one. 1. My water bottle _____ just now. 1. Don't worry. We won't _____ food in three days. 1. Time _____ . We have to hurry up. 二、词形变形填空（run 变形） 1. His father _____ (run) a small restaurant last year. 1. The tap _____ (run). Turn it off. 1. We have _____ (run) out of all the paper. 1. When I arrived, the machine was still _____ (run). 3. position 【详解】 n. 位置；职位；立场 | v. 放置，安置 形容词：_____ 位置的 名词核心用法 1. 位置，地点（基础义） 搭配：in position 在合适位置；out of position 不在原位；take up a position 占据某个位置 例句：Can you find the position of the city on the map? 你能在地图上找到这座城市的位置吗？ 1. 职位，工作（高频考点） 搭配：a high position 高层职位；hold/take the position of... 担任……职位；apply for a position 求职；take a position as a manager 担任经理一职 例句：He got a high position in the big company. 他在这家大公司获得了高管职位。 1. 立场，态度（阅读熟词僻义） 搭配：one's position on sth 某人对某事的立场；take a position 表明立场 例句：What's your position on this plan? 你对这个方案持什么立场？ 动词用法 v. 放置；定位 例句：She positioned the chair near the window. 她把椅子放在窗边。 易混辨析：position / job / work position：正式，多指公司、机构内的职位 job：普通可数名词，一份工作 work：不可数，泛指工作 【即时训练】 1. What's your _____ (立场) on environmental protection? 1. He holds an important _____ (职位) in the hospital. 1. She _____ (position) her desk beside the window yesterday. 1. He applied for a high _____ in the government. A. work　　B. job　　C. position 1. — What's your _____ on the new school rule about mobile phones? — I think it helps us focus on our study. A. position　　B. situation　　C. condition　　D. direction 1. 翻译：所有家具都摆放到位了。 ______________________________________________ 4. react 【详解】 v. 反应；作出回应 核心固定搭配 react _____ sth 对……作出反应 react _____ sth（化学）与……发生反应 react _____ sth 反抗；反对（规则、束缚） 【例句】 How did he react to the news? 他对这个消息作何反应？ Iron reacts with water and air to produce rust. 铁和水、空气发生反应生锈。 Teenagers often react against their parents' rules. 青少年常常抵触父母定下的规矩。 【拓展】 reaction n. 反应（名词） reactive adj. 反应的；积极回应的 短语：one's reaction _____ sth 某人对某事的反应 【即时训练】 一、填空 1. How did you react _____ his advice? 1. This metal reacts _____ oxygen easily. 1. Some young people react _____ traditional ideas. 1. What's your _____ (react) to the accident? 1. She didn't know how _____ (react) to the strange question. 1. 她对陌生人的提问反应很冷淡。 ______________________________________________ 1. She reacted gently to his apology. ______________________________________________ 5. How can we put our brains to good use? 我们怎样才能好好利用我们的大脑？（P33 2b） 【详解】 put sth to good use 意为"有效使用（或利用）某物"，常用于时间、资源、知识、能力等抽象名词。 【同义表达】 _____ 充分利用某物 【例句】 You can put your waiting time to good use by reviewing a few words. 你可以通过复习几个单词来充分利用等待的时间。 被动形式：sth be put to good use 某物被充分利用 拓展变体：put sth to better use 更好地利用某物 【即时训练】 1. 完成句子：请把你的观察能力好好利用起来。 Please _____ your power of observation _____ . 1. All the waste materials can _____ (被充分利用). 1. 翻译：他把自己的好记性用在了学习歌剧台词上。 ______________________________________________ 6. memorize 【详解】 记住；熟记（刻意背诵、主动记忆） memorize sth 熟记某物 例句：I memorized all the new words last night. 我昨晚把所有生词都背熟了。 memorize a poem / text 背诵诗歌/课文 例句：The teacher asked us to memorize this short passage. 老师要求我们背诵这篇短文。 易混区分：memorize / remember memorize：主动花精力背下来，强调"刻意记住"这个动作 remember：记得（脑海里留存印象，无需刻意背诵） 【同根词】 memorize v. 记忆，熟记 memory n. 记忆；记忆力；回忆 memorable adj. 值得纪念的；难忘的 memorial adj. 纪念的 n. 纪念碑 【即时训练】 1. It's not easy _____ (memorize) these long sentences. 1. He has a good _____ (memorize) for English words. 1. That trip was really _____ (memorize) for me. 1. 翻译：准确记住规则不如理解规则重要。 ______________________________________________ 7. recall 【详解】 v. 回忆起，回想（主动想起往事、画面、细节） v. 召回（产品、人员）；收回 核心用法 recall sth 回忆起某事 例句：I can't recall his phone number. 我想不起他的电话号码了。 recall _____ sth 回忆做过某事（不可接 to do） 例句：She recalled meeting him ten years ago. 她记得十年前见过他。 recall that... 回想起…… 例句：He recalled that he left the key at home. 他想起钥匙落在家里了。 易混辨析：recall / memorize / remember memorize：刻意背诵、强行记熟 recall：努力回想、回忆起（侧重"调取记忆"） remember：单纯记得，脑海中有印象 【拓展】 由 re-（再；重新）+ 动词构成的词汇 _____ 重建 _____ 重写 _____ 复述 【即时训练】 1. I still recall _____ (walk) along the river with you. 1. It's hard _____ (recall) his exact words. 1. 我完全记不清（回忆起）自己把笔记本放在哪里了。 ______________________________________________ 8. in case 【详解】 连词短语，意为"以防；免得"，引导目的状语从句。 用法：主句 + in case + 句子 例句：Take an umbrella in case it rains. 带上雨伞，以防下雨。 in case 放句末，表"以防万一" 例句：I brought some money just in case. 我带了点钱，以防万一。 易混区分：in case / in case of / in the case of in case + 从句：以防（预防） in case of + 名词：万一（假设突发情况） in the case of：就……而言，至于 in sb.'s case：就某人的情况而言 【即时训练】 1. You'd better take your coat _____ (以防天冷). 1. Carry a phone _____ emergency. (填短语) 1. I saved extra food just _____ (以防万一). 1. 完成句子：就他的情况而言，复述比背诵更有效。 ______________________________________________ 1. 翻译：在这种情况下，我们应该先让她休息。 ______________________________________________ 9. It happened to my grandpa too. 我爷爷也出现过这种情况。（P34 3a） 【详解】 1. happen _____ sb. 发生在某人身上 1. happen _____ sth. 碰巧做某事 【注意】 happen _____ 被动语态。（填"用"或"不用"） 【例句】 A similar thing happened to my neighbour last week. 上周我邻居也遇到了类似的事。 I happened to meet my old friend on the street. 我碰巧在街上遇到了我的老朋友。 【即时训练】 1. 完成句子：这件事也发生在我邻居身上。 This also _____ my neighbour. 1. 翻译：她碰巧在公园里听到那场讲座。 ______________________________________________ Part 3 当堂小测 一、单词拼写 A. 根据句意及首字母提示完成单词。 1. After hearing that Grandma could not recall his name, he felt deep s_________. 1. When you hear surprising news, try to r_________ to it calmly before you speak. 1. Please t_________ the boxes you have finished on the list. 1. After reading the passage, please r_________ the story in your own words. 1. Drawing pictures can help us m_________ new words more easily. B. 根据句意及汉语提示填写单词表中的词汇。 1. We all think Carl is the proper man for the _____ (职位). 1. When he heard the exciting news, he _____ (反应) with joy and jumped up. 1. We need a _____ (稳定的) internet connection to finish the online project on time. 1. The professor's _____ (讲座) are always well prepared and full of useful knowledge. 1. When we eat sweet food, the sugar enters our blood and influences our _____ (大脑). 二、单句填空 用括号内单词的适当形式或介词填空。 1. We could see the _____ (sad) in his eyes when he talked about the old house. 1. Her quick _____ (react) helped the team avoid a bigger mistake. 1. Old songs often bring back warm _____ (memory) of childhood. 1. It took him ten minutes _____ (memorize) the address exactly. 1. The two stories are similar, so I got their endings _____ (mix) up. 1. By the time we reached the station, our water had run _____ . 1. Jack happened _____ (attend) the same lecture as I did. 1. Instead of _____ (correct) Grandma again and again, we listened to her patiently. 1. Please keep the safety rules _____ mind when you do the experiment. 1. The little boy was too nervous _____ (retell) the accident clearly. Part 4 能力提升 一、词与短语填空 （共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分） 阅读下面短文，用所给的单词或短语填空，使短文在结构、语意和逻辑上正确。（提示：有两个单词或短语是多余的。） increase / creative / encourages / brain / mind / lead to / look up Dopamine (多巴胺) dressing has been a fashion on the short video platform TikTok for a while. It (66) _____ people to choose colorful clothing so that they can get more dopamine and feel happier. But is there really any science behind this? Dopamine is a chemical (化学物质) in our (67) _____ . It can influence how we feel. Science Focus magazine said there are studies that showed a relationship between the clothes we wear and how we act and feel, although there is no study about how colorful clothes can (68) _____ dopamine. One study showed that wearing red can (69) _____ better physical performance. Another study showed that wearing green can make people become more (70) _____ . And wearing yellow can bring people happiness, energy and excitement. 二、综合填空 （共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分） 阅读下面短文，根据上下文或括号内单词等提示，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的适当形式。 The beaver (河狸) is mainly found in North America. It is about 3.5 feet long, (71) _____ (include) a tail of a foot long. Beavers build (72) _____ (they) the most lovely huts (小屋) to live in, and quite often they are placed close together, (73) _____ the buildings in a town. Usually, these huts are on the banks of rivers or lakes, as beavers swim much (74) _____ (easy) than they walk. When the huts (75) _____ (build) on the bank of a running stream (小溪), beavers make a dam (坝) about 600 or 700 feet long across the stream to keep the water at the (76) _____ (high) they wish. The dams are usually made of earth, stones and branches of trees and look like just what man has done. The huts are made of the same material (77) _____ the dams and are round in shape. Once, a hunter saw five young beavers jumping on the branches of a tree that (78) _____ (lie) near a beaver dam and pushing one another off into the water. He moved forward very slowly and was about to fire at them. But their funny actions reminded him of his little (79) _____ (child) at home. (80) _____ the gentleman left them quietly. How interesting! 三、阅读理解 （共10分） "What's the name of that supermarket? I can't think of it right now." You've probably heard your grandparents say things like this. Most people believe elderly people's memory gets worse only because their brains "slow down" with age. But a new study from German scientists tells a different story: the "slowness" in elderly people's memory is not a sign of a weaker brain. Instead, it's because their minds hold so much information—their "mental database" is too full, and finding a specific detail takes more time. To test this idea, the scientists used a computer. They had it "read" words and learn new things every day. When the computer took in a small amount (数量) of data, it did as well on cognitive (thinking) tasks as a young adult. But when it got a large amount of data, its performance became like an elderly adult's: it was slower. But this wasn't because the computer's "brain" got worse—it was because there was more information to process. This is just like how elderly people think. Imagine one person knows just two people's birthdays and can get them right each time. Another person knows the birthdays of 2,000 people, but can only match the right person to the right birthday nine times out of ten. Who has a better memory? The second person, of course—he just has more information to sort through. As science reporter Benedict Carey wrote, "The larger the 'library' you have in your head, the longer it takes to find one book." We often judge elderly people by how fast young people think. But we forget: the brain is not just a machine that needs to be "fast". Next time your grandma can't remember a name right away, be patient—her "slow" memory is not a problem. It's a sign of a life full of experiences, stories, and knowledge. 请从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。 1. What do most people think causes elderly people's poor memory? A. Their brains process information more slowly with age. B. They have too much information in their minds. C. They don't use their brains often enough. D. They are not interested in new things. 答：_____ 1. Why did the computer become slower in the test? A. Its "brain" stopped working well. B. It received too much information to process. C. It was not taught new things every day. D. It was not as smart as a young adult. 答：_____ 1. What does the underlined word "library" in Paragraph 3 refer to? A. A place with many books. B. The computer used in the study. C. The information stored in a person's mind. D. The stories elderly people tell. 答：_____ 1. What can we learn from the passage? A. Ederly people's memory is actually better than young people's. B. We should be patient with elderly people's "slow" memory. C. Computers can think exactly like elderly people. D. The more people you know, the worse your memory is. 答：_____ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第十一讲 Unit 4 Our Memory Section A How can we have a good memory? Part 1 单词加油站 词汇表 1. position /pəˈzɪʃn/ n. 位置；地方 v. 安置；使处于 15. happen to 发生于；使遭遇 2. sadness /ˈsædnəs/ n. 悲伤 16. keep (...) in mind 记在心中；记住 3. run out (of sth) 用完；耗尽 17. case /keɪs/ n. 情况；事实 4. react /riˈækt/ v. 作出反应；回应 18. in sb.'s case 就某人的情况而言 5. mix up 混淆；弄乱 19. opera /ˈɒprə/ n. 歌剧；歌剧团 6. put sth to good use 有效使用（或利用）某物 20. ticket /ˈtɪkɪt/ n. 入场券；票 7. chain /tʃeɪn/ n. 链条 21. wallet /ˈwɒlɪt/ n. 钱包 8. stable /ˈsteɪbl/ adj. 稳定的；稳固的 22. picnic /ˈpɪknɪk/ n. 野餐 9. lecture /ˈlektʃə(r)/ n. 讲座；讲课 23. pardon /ˈpɑːdn/ v. 原谅 interj. 请再说一遍；抱歉 10. retell /ˌriːˈtel/ v. 复述 24. airport /ˈeəpɔːt/ n. 机场 11. memorize /ˈmeməraɪz/ v. 记住；记忆 25. gunshot /ˈɡʌnʃɒt/ n. 枪声；射出的炮弹 12. tick /tɪk/ v. 给……打钩 n. 对号；钩号 26. grown-up /ˌɡrəʊn ˈʌp/ adj. 成年的 13. grandson /ˈɡrænsʌn/ n. 孙子；外孙 27. recall /rɪˈkɔːl/ v. 回忆起；回想起 14. go through 经历；仔细察看 28. grapevine /ˈɡreɪpvaɪn/ n. 葡萄藤 重点单词变形 1. sad adj. 伤心的 → sadly adv. 伤心地；令人遗憾地 → sadness n. 伤心；遗憾 1. react v. 作出反应；回应 → reaction n. 反应 1. stable adj. 稳定的；稳固的 → stability n. 稳定性 1. memorize v. 记住；记忆 → memory n. 记忆；回忆 1. grow v. 成长 → growth n. 成长 重点短语 1. run out (of sth) 用完；耗尽 1. take a list 记清单 1. attend a lecture 听讲座；参加讲座 1. get sth mixed up 把……弄混/搞乱 1. put sth to good use 有效使用（或利用）某物 1. pay attention to 注意 1. reduce stress 缓解压力 1. last but not least 最后但同样重要的是 1. a good sign 一个好迹象 1. make up a song 编一首歌 1. give a speech 发表演讲 1. group information 把信息分组 1. instead of 代替；而不是 1. picture images 想象画面；勾勒意象 1. lead a healthy life 过健康的生活 1. price increase 价格上涨 1. take a break 休息一下 1. go straight to the place 直奔那个地方 1. make use of 利用 1. recognize voices 辨认声音 1. recorded information 记录的信息 Part 2 考点精讲 1. sadness 悲伤（P32 1a） 【详解】 sadness 为不可数名词，意为"悲伤"；其形容词形式为 sad，意为"悲伤的"。类似构词还有 kindness, happiness, illness 等。 【常用搭配】 full of sadness 充满悲伤 with sadness 悲伤地 【同根词】 sad adj. 伤心的 → sadly adv. 伤心地 → sadness n. 悲伤 = sorrow n. 悲伤 【即时训练】 一、词形填空 1. He looked at me sadly (sad) when he heard the news. 1. Her sadness (sad) made all of us cry together. 1. It's normal to feel sad (sad) after losing a friend. 1. I could see a look of sadness (sad) on her face. 1. 翻译：她的眼里充满了悲伤。 Her eyes were filled with sadness. 2. It's running out. 它要用完了。（P32 1c） 【详解】 run out 表示"用完；耗尽"，常用物作主语，如 time, money, food, patience 等。若主语是人，通常用 run out of sth。 【例句】 The paper is running out. 纸快用完了。 We are running out of paper. 我们快把纸用完了。 【拓展】run 的多种用法】 1. v. 跑，奔跑（基础义）—— He runs fast. 他跑得很快。 1. v. 经营；管理（熟词僻义，高频）—— run a shop / run a company 开店/经营公司；My uncle runs a bookstore. 1. v. 运转；运行—— The machine runs well. 机器运转正常。 1. v. 流逝（时间）—— Time runs quickly. 时光飞逝。 1. v. 流，流淌—— Tears ran down her face. 泪水从她脸上滑落。 1. v. 变得（系动词用法，后接形容词）—— run short 短缺；run dry 干涸；run out 耗尽 1. 高频固定短语： run away 逃跑 run after 追赶 run into 偶遇；撞上 run across 偶然碰见 run short of 缺乏 【即时训练】 一、用 run out / run out of 填空 1. I ran out of my pen, so I need to buy a new one. 1. My water bottle ran out just now. 1. Don't worry. We won't run out of food in three days. 1. Time is running out. We have to hurry up. 二、词形变形填空（run 变形） 1. His father ran (run) a small restaurant last year. 1. The tap is running (run). Turn it off. 1. We have run (run) out of all the paper. 1. When I arrived, the machine was still running (run). 3. position 【详解】 n. 位置；职位；立场 | v. 放置，安置 形容词：positional 位置的 名词核心用法 1. 位置，地点（基础义） 搭配：in position 在合适位置；out of position 不在原位；take up a position 占据某个位置 例句：Can you find the position of the city on the map? 你能在地图上找到这座城市的位置吗？ 1. 职位，工作（高频考点） 搭配：a high position 高层职位；hold/take the position of... 担任……职位；apply for a position 求职；take a position as a manager 担任经理一职 例句：He got a high position in the big company. 他在这家大公司获得了高管职位。 1. 立场，态度（阅读熟词僻义） 搭配：one's position on sth 某人对某事的立场；take a position 表明立场 例句：What's your position on this plan? 你对这个方案持什么立场？ 动词用法 v. 放置；定位 例句：She positioned the chair near the window. 她把椅子放在窗边。 易混辨析：position / job / work position：正式，多指公司、机构内的职位 job：普通可数名词，一份工作 work：不可数，泛指工作 【即时训练】 1. What's your position (立场) on environmental protection? 1. He holds an important position (职位) in the hospital. 1. She positioned (position) her desk beside the window yesterday. 1. He applied for a high C in the government. A. work　　B. job　　C. position 1. — What's your A on the new school rule about mobile phones? — I think it helps us focus on our study. A. position　　B. situation　　C. condition　　D. direction 1. 翻译：所有家具都摆放到位了。 All the furniture is in position. 4. react 【详解】 v. 反应；作出回应 核心固定搭配 react to sth 对……作出反应 react with sth（化学）与……发生反应 react against sth 反抗；反对（规则、束缚） 【例句】 How did he react to the news? 他对这个消息作何反应？ Iron reacts with water and air to produce rust. 铁和水、空气发生反应生锈。 Teenagers often react against their parents' rules. 青少年常常抵触父母定下的规矩。 【拓展】 reaction n. 反应（名词） reactive adj. 反应的；积极回应的 短语：one's reaction to sth 某人对某事的反应 What was your reaction to the plan? 你对这个方案是什么看法？ 【即时训练】 一、填空 1. How did you react to his advice? 1. This metal reacts with oxygen easily. 1. Some young people react against traditional ideas. 1. What's your reaction (react) to the accident? 1. She didn't know how to react (react) to the strange question. 1. 她对陌生人的提问反应很冷淡。 She reacted coldly to questions from strangers. 1. She reacted gently to his apology. She showed a gentle reaction to his apology. 5. How can we put our brains to good use? 我们怎样才能好好利用我们的大脑？（P33 2b） 【详解】 put sth to good use 意为"有效使用（或利用）某物"，常用于时间、资源、知识、能力等抽象名词。 【同义表达】 make good use of 充分利用某物 【例句】 You can put your waiting time to good use by reviewing a few words. 你可以通过复习几个单词来充分利用等待的时间。 被动形式：sth be put to good use 某物被充分利用 拓展变体：put sth to better use 更好地利用某物 【即时训练】 1. 完成句子：请把你的观察能力好好利用起来。 Please put your power of observation to good use. 1. All the waste materials can be put to good use (被充分利用). 1. 翻译：他把自己的好记性用在了学习歌剧台词上。 He puts his good memory to good use in learning opera lines. 6. memorize 【详解】 记住；熟记（刻意背诵、主动记忆） memorize sth 熟记某物 例句：I memorized all the new words last night. 我昨晚把所有生词都背熟了。 memorize a poem / text 背诵诗歌/课文 例句：The teacher asked us to memorize this short passage. 老师要求我们背诵这篇短文。 易混区分：memorize / remember memorize：主动花精力背下来，强调"刻意记住"这个动作 remember：记得（脑海里留存印象，无需刻意背诵） I can remember his name, but I didn't memorize it. 我记得他的名字，但我并没有特意去背诵。 【同根词】 memorize v. 记忆，熟记 memory n. 记忆；记忆力；回忆 memorable adj. 值得纪念的；难忘的 memorial adj. 纪念的 n. 纪念碑 【即时训练】 1. It's not easy to memorize (memorize) these long sentences. 1. He has a good memory (memorize) for English words. 1. That trip was really memorable (memorize) for me. 1. 翻译：准确记住规则不如理解规则重要。 Memorizing a rule exactly is not as important as understanding it. 7. recall 【详解】 v. 回忆起，回想（主动想起往事、画面、细节） v. 召回（产品、人员）；收回 核心用法 recall sth 回忆起某事 例句：I can't recall his phone number. 我想不起他的电话号码了。 recall doing sth 回忆做过某事（不可接 to do） 例句：She recalled meeting him ten years ago. 她记得十年前见过他。 recall that... 回想起…… 例句：He recalled that he left the key at home. 他想起钥匙落在家里了。 recall sth 召回（商品） 例句：The factory recalled all the faulty products. 厂家召回了所有问题产品。 易混辨析：recall / memorize / remember memorize：刻意背诵、强行记熟 recall：努力回想、回忆起（侧重"调取记忆"） remember：单纯记得，脑海中有印象 【拓展】 由 re-（再；重新）+ 动词构成的词汇 rebuild 重建 rewrite 重写 retell 复述 【即时训练】 1. I still recall walking (walk) along the river with you. 1. It's hard to recall (recall) his exact words. 1. 我完全记不清（回忆起）自己把笔记本放在哪里了。 I can't recall where I put my notebook. 8. in case 【详解】 连词短语，意为"以防；免得"，引导目的状语从句。 用法：主句 + in case + 句子 例句：Take an umbrella in case it rains. 带上雨伞，以防下雨。 in case 放句末，表"以防万一" 例句：I brought some money just in case. 我带了点钱，以防万一。 易混区分：in case / in case of / in the case of in case + 从句：以防（预防） Bring a raincoat in case it rains. 带件雨衣，以防下雨。 in case of + 名词：万一（假设突发情况） Bring a raincoat in case of rain. 带件雨衣，以防下雨。 in the case of：就……而言，至于 In Lisa's case, drawing pictures is the best way to memorize new words. 就丽萨的情况而言，画图是记新词的最好方法。 in sb.'s case：就某人的情况而言 【即时训练】 1. You'd better take your coat in case it gets cold (以防天冷). 1. Carry a phone in case of emergency. (填短语) 1. I saved extra food just in case (以防万一). 1. 完成句子：就他的情况而言，复述比背诵更有效。 In his case, retelling is more useful than reciting. 1. 翻译：在这种情况下，我们应该先让她休息。 In this case, we should let her have a rest first. 9. It happened to my grandpa too. 我爷爷也出现过这种情况。（P34 3a） 【详解】 1. happen to sb. 发生在某人身上 1. happen to do sth. 碰巧做某事 【注意】 happen 不用被动语态。 【例句】 A similar thing happened to my neighbour last week. 上周我邻居也遇到了类似的事。 I happened to meet my old friend on the street. 我碰巧在街上遇到了我的老朋友。 【即时训练】 1. 完成句子：这件事也发生在我邻居身上。 This also happened to my neighbour. 1. 翻译：她碰巧在公园里听到那场讲座。 She happened to hear that lecture in the park. Part 3 当堂小测 一、单词拼写 A. 根据句意及首字母提示完成单词。 1. After hearing that Grandma could not recall his name, he felt deep s ________. 1. When you hear surprising news, try to r ________ to it calmly before you speak. 1. Please t ________ the boxes you have finished on the list. 1. After reading the passage, please r ________ the story in your own words. 1. Drawing pictures can help us m ________ new words more easily. 【答案】 1. sadness　2. react　3. tick　4. retell　5. memorize B. 根据句意及汉语提示填写单词表中的词汇。 1. We all think Carl is the proper man for the position (职位). 1. When he heard the exciting news, he reacted (反应) with joy and jumped up. 1. We need a stable (稳定的) internet connection to finish the online project on time. 1. The professor's lectures (讲座) are always well prepared and full of useful knowledge. 1. When we eat sweet food, the sugar enters our blood and influences our brain (大脑). 二、单句填空 1. We could see the sadness (sad) in his eyes when he talked about the old house. 1. Her quick reaction (react) helped the team avoid a bigger mistake. 1. Old songs often bring back warm memories (memory) of childhood. 1. It took him ten minutes to memorize (memorize) the address exactly. 1. The two stories are similar, so I got their endings mixed (mix) up. 1. By the time we reached the station, our water had run out. 1. Jack happened to attend (attend) the same lecture as I did. 1. Instead of correcting (correct) Grandma again and again, we listened to her patiently. 1. Please keep the safety rules in mind when you do the experiment. 1. The little boy was too nervous to retell (retell) the accident clearly. 【答案】 1. sadness　2. reaction　3. memories　4. to memorize　5. mixed　6. out　7. to attend　8. correcting　9. in　10. to retell Part 4 能力提升 一、词与短语填空 （共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分） 阅读下面短文，用方框中所给的单词或短语填空，使短文在结构、语意和逻辑上正确。（提示：方框中有两个单词或短语是多余的。） increase / creative / encourages / brain / mind / lead to / look up Dopamine (多巴胺) dressing has been a fashion on the short video platform TikTok for a while. It (66) encourages people to choose colorful clothing so that they can get more dopamine and feel happier. But is there really any science behind this? Dopamine is a chemical (化学物质) in our (67) brain. It can influence how we feel. Science Focus magazine said there are studies that showed a relationship between the clothes we wear and how we act and feel, although there is no study about how colorful clothes can (68) increase dopamine. One study showed that wearing red can (69) lead to better physical performance. Another study showed that wearing green can make people become more (70) creative. And wearing yellow can bring people happiness, energy and excitement. 【答案】 66. encourages　67. brain　68. increase　69. lead to　70. creative 二、综合填空 （共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分） 阅读下面短文，根据上下文或括号内单词等提示，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的适当形式。 The beaver (河狸) is mainly found in North America. It is about 3.5 feet long, (71) including (include) a tail of a foot long. Beavers build (72) themselves (they) the most lovely huts (小屋) to live in, and quite often they are placed close together, (73) like the buildings in a town. Usually, these huts are on the banks of rivers or lakes, as beavers swim much (74) more easily (easy) than they walk. When the huts (75) are built (build) on the bank of a running stream (小溪), beavers make a dam (坝) about 600 or 700 feet long across the stream to keep the water at the (76) height (high) they wish. The dams are usually made of earth, stones and branches of trees and look like just what man has done. The huts are made of the same material (77) as the dams and are round in shape. Once, a hunter saw five young beavers jumping on the branches of a tree that (78) lay (lie) near a beaver dam and pushing one another off into the water. He moved forward very slowly and was about to fire at them. But their funny actions reminded him of his little (79) children (child) at home. (80) So the gentleman left them quietly. How interesting! 【答案】 71. including　72. themselves　73. like　74. more easily　75. are built　76. height　77. as　78. lay　79. children　80. So 三、阅读理解 （共10分） "What's the name of that supermarket? I can't think of it right now." You've probably heard your grandparents say things like this. Most people believe elderly people's memory gets worse only because their brains "slow down" with age. But a new study from German scientists tells a different story: the "slowness" in elderly people's memory is not a sign of a weaker brain. Instead, it's because their minds hold so much information—their "mental database" is too full, and finding a specific detail takes more time. To test this idea, the scientists used a computer. They had it "read" words and learn new things every day. When the computer took in a small amount (数量) of data, it did as well on cognitive (thinking) tasks as a young adult. But when it got a large amount of data, its performance became like an elderly adult's: it was slower. But this wasn't because the computer's "brain" got worse—it was because there was more information to process. This is just like how elderly people think. Imagine one person knows just two people's birthdays and can get them right each time. Another person knows the birthdays of 2,000 people, but can only match the right person to the right birthday nine times out of ten. Who has a better memory? The second person, of course—he just has more information to sort through. As science reporter Benedict Carey wrote, "The larger the 'library' you have in your head, the longer it takes to find one book." We often judge elderly people by how fast young people think. But we forget: the brain is not just a machine that needs to be "fast". Next time your grandma can't remember a name right away, be patient—her "slow" memory is not a problem. It's a sign of a life full of experiences, stories, and knowledge. 1. What do most people think causes elderly people's poor memory? A. Their brains process information more slowly with age. B. They have too much information in their minds. C. They don't use their brains often enough. D. They are not interested in new things. 答：A 1. Why did the computer become slower in the test? A. Its "brain" stopped working well. B. It received too much information to process. C. It was not taught new things every day. D. It was not as smart as a young adult. 答案：B 1. What does the underlined word "library" in Paragraph 3 refer to? A. A place with many books. B. The computer used in the study. C. The information stored in a person's mind. D. The stories elderly people tell. 答案：C 1. What can we learn from the passage? A. Elderly people's memory is actually better than young people's. B. We should be patient with elderly people's "slow" memory. C. Computers can think exactly like elderly people. D. The more people you know, the worse your memory is. 答案：B — 本讲义为教师版，仅供教学参考 — 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $